Showing metabocard for Spermidine (HMDB0001257)

General function:

Involved in N-acetyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Enzyme which catalyzes the acetylation of polyamines. Substrate specificity: norspermidine = spermidine >> spermine > N(1)-acetylspermine > putrescine. This highly regulated enzyme allows a fine attenuation of the intracellular concentration of polyamines. Also involved in the regulation of polyamine transport out of cells. Acts on 1,3-diaminopropane, 1,5-diaminopentane, putrescine, spermidine (forming N(1)- and N(8)-acetylspermidine), spermine, N(1)-acetylspermidine and N(8)-acetylspermidine.

Gene Name:

SAT1

Uniprot ID:

P21673

Molecular weight:

20023.8

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups

Specific function:

Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.

Gene Name:

ACAA2

Uniprot ID:

P42765

Molecular weight:

41923.82

General function:

Amino acid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Flavoenzyme which catalyzes the oxidation of N(1)-acetylspermine to spermidine and is thus involved in the polyamine back-conversion. Can also oxidize N(1)-acetylspermidine to putrescine. Substrate specificity: N(1)-acetylspermine = N(1)-acetylspermidine > N(1),N(12)-diacylspermine >> spermine. Does not oxidize spermidine. Plays an important role in the regulation of polyamine intracellular concentration and has the potential to act as a determinant of cellular sensitivity to the antitumor polyamine analogs.

Gene Name:

PAOX

Uniprot ID:

Q6QHF9

Molecular weight:

55512.64

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.

Gene Name:

TXNRD1

Uniprot ID:

Q16881

Molecular weight:

70905.58

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CHDH

Uniprot ID:

Q8NE62

Molecular weight:

65358.005

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

DMGDH

Uniprot ID:

Q9UI17

Molecular weight:

96810.135

General function:

Involved in spermine synthase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the production of spermine from spermidine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM).

Gene Name:

SMS

Uniprot ID:

P52788

Molecular weight:

35278.2

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the production of spermidine from putrescine and decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine (dcSAM). Has a strong preference for putrescine as substrate, and has very low activity towards 1,3-diaminopropane. Has extremely low activity towards spermidine.

Gene Name:

SRM

Uniprot ID:

P19623

Molecular weight:

33824.455

Reactions

General function:

Involved in peptidyl-lysine modification to hypusine

Specific function:

Catalyzes the NAD-dependent oxidative cleavage of spermidine and the subsequent transfer of the butylamine moiety of spermidine to the epsilon-amino group of a specific lysine residue of the eIF-5A precursor protein to form the intermediate deoxyhypusine residue.

Gene Name:

DHPS

Uniprot ID:

P49366

Molecular weight:

40970.28

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PCCA

Uniprot ID:

P05165

Molecular weight:

80058.295