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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Cortexolone (HMDB00015)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2012-01-10 17:19:04
Accession Number HMDB00015
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Cortexolone
Description Cortexolone is the precursor of cortisol. Accumulation of Cortexolone can happen in a defect known as congenital adrenal hyperplasia, which is due to 11-beta-hydroxylase deficiency, resulting in androgen excess, virilization, and hypertension. (PMID: 2022736) A 17-hydroxycorticosteroid with glucocorticoid and anti-inflammatory activities. (PubChem)
Synonyms
  1. 11-Deoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone
  2. 11-Deoxycortisol
  3. 11-Deoxyhydrocortisone
  4. 11-Desoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone
  5. 11-Desoxycortisol
  6. 11-Desoxyhydrocortisone
  7. 11-Dioxycortisol
  8. 11-deoxy-17-hydroxy-Corticosterone
  9. 11-deoxy-Cortisol
  10. 11-dioxy-Cortisol
  11. 17,21-Dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
  12. 17,21-Dihydroxyprogesterone
  13. 17,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
  14. 17-Hydroxy-11-deoxycorticosterone
  15. 17alpha-Hydroxycortexone
  16. 20-dione 17,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3
  17. 4-Pregnene-17alpha,21-diol-3,20-dione
  18. Cortodoxone
  19. Reichstein S
  20. Reichstein's compound S
  21. Reichstein's substance S
Chemical IUPAC Name 17-hydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13-dimethyl-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
Chemical Formula C21H30O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Cholesterols and derivatives
Class
  • Steroids and Steroid Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Ketosteroids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • primary alcohol
  • tertiary alcohol
  • alkene
Biofunction
  • Hormones, Membrane component
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 346.461
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 346.214417
Isomeric SMILES C[C@]12CCC(=O)C=C1CC[C@@H]1C2CC[C@@]2(C)C1CC[C@]2(O)C(=O)CO
Canonical SMILES CC12CCC(=O)C=C1CCC1C2CCC2(C)C1CCC2(O)C(=O)CO
KEGG Compound ID C05488 Link Image
BioCyc ID 11-DEOXY-CORTISOL Link Image
BiGG ID 45914 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Cortexolone Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00015 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00015 Link Image
METLIN ID 5088 Link Image
PubChem Compound 440707 Link Image
PubChem Substance 3135470 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 152-58-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C21H30O4/c1-19-8-5-14(23)11-13(19)3-4-15-16(19)6-9-20(2)17(15)7-10-21(20,25)18(24)12-22/h11,15-17,22,25H,3-10,12H2,1-2H3/t15-,16+,17?,19+,20+,21+/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Luu, Duc Huy. New method for the synthesis of Reichstein's compound S from pregnene. Tap Chi Duoc Hoc (2002), (9), 23-25.
Melting Point (Experimental) 215 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.0152 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 0.025 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.08 [SANGSTER (1994)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 2.79 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 2.4 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane (Predicted from LogP)
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from Solubility)
  • Cytoplasm
  • endoplasmic reticulum
  • mitochondria
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
All Tissues
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.0039 +/- 0.0004 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Tjeerdsma G, Sluiter WJ, Hew JM, Molenaar WM, de Lange WE, Dullaart RP: Hyperprolactinaemia is associated with a higher prevalence of pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 1996 Sep;135(3):299-308. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.017-178.9 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Newborn:0-30 days old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Hughes IA, Arisaka O, Perry LA, Honour JW: Early diagnosis of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in two siblings confirmed by analysis of a novel steroid metabolite in newborn urine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1986 Mar;111(3):349-54. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.02 (0.0091-0.032) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Zachmann M, Tassinari D, Prader A: Clinical and biochemical variability of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. A study of 25 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Feb;56(2):222-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Steroidogenesis SMP00130 Link Image map00140 Link Image
General References
  1. Homma K, Hasegawa T, Masumoto M, Takeshita E, Watanabe K, Chiba H, Kurosawa T, Takahashi T, Matsuo N: Reference values for urinary steroids in Japanese newborn infants: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring. Endocr J. 2003 Dec;50(6):783-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Trakakis E, Laggas D, Salamalekis E, Creatsas G: 21-Hydroxylase deficiency: from molecular genetics to clinical presentation. J Endocrinol Invest. 2005 Feb;28(2):187-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Krone N, Riepe FG, Gotze D, Korsch E, Rister M, Commentz J, Partsch CJ, Grotzinger J, Peter M, Sippell WG: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11-hydroxylase deficiency: functional characterization of two novel point mutations and a three-base pair deletion in the CYP11B1 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jun;90(6):3724-30. Epub 2005 Mar 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Adinoff B, Krebaum SR, Chandler PA, Ye W, Brown MB, Williams MJ: Dissection of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis pathology in 1-month-abstinent alcohol-dependent men, part 1: adrenocortical and pituitary glucocorticoid responsiveness. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2005 Apr;29(4):517-27. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Brown JR, Cavanaugh AH, Farnsworth WE: A simple radioimmunoassay for plasma cortisol and 11-deoxycortisol (17, 21-dihydroxy-4-pregnene-3, 20-dione). Steroids. 1976 Oct;28(4):487-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. den Brinker M, Joosten KF, Liem O, de Jong FH, Hop WC, Hazelzet JA, van Dijk M, Hokken-Koelega AC: Adrenal insufficiency in meningococcal sepsis: bioavailable cortisol levels and impact of interleukin-6 levels and intubation with etomidate on adrenal function and mortality. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Sep;90(9):5110-7. Epub 2005 Jun 28. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Lee HH, Won GS, Chao HT, Lee YJ, Chung BC: Novel missense mutations, GCC [Ala306]- > GTC [Val] and ACG [Thr318]- > CCG [Pro], in the CYP11B1 gene cause steroid 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency in the Chinese. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Apr;62(4):418-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Zachmann M, Tassinari D, Prader A: Clinical and biochemical variability of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. A study of 25 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Feb;56(2):222-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW: Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21). Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):373-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Bradshaw KD, Milewich L, Mason JI, Parker CR Jr, MacDonald PC, Carr BR: Steroid secretory characteristics of a virilizing adrenal adenoma in a woman. J Endocrinol. 1994 Feb;140(2):297-307. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Bureik M, Bruck N, Hubel K, Bernhardt R: The human mineralocorticoid receptor only partially differentiates between different ligands after expression in fission yeast. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):627-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Dragan CA, Zearo S, Hannemann F, Bernhardt R, Bureik M: Efficient conversion of 11-deoxycortisol to cortisol (hydrocortisone) by recombinant fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Apr;5(6-7):621-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Mellon SH, Miller WL: Extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation is not mediated by P450c21. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1497-502. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Sakamoto N, Matsukura S, Tsuboi S, Tokumiya T, Imura H: Radioimmunoassay for 11-deoxycortisol using iodine-labeled tracer. Endocrinol Jpn. 1976 Aug;23(4):359-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Tjeerdsma G, Sluiter WJ, Hew JM, Molenaar WM, de Lange WE, Dullaart RP: Hyperprolactinaemia is associated with a higher prevalence of pituitary-adrenal dysfunction in non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma. Eur J Endocrinol. 1996 Sep;135(3):299-308. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Hughes IA, Arisaka O, Perry LA, Honour JW: Early diagnosis of 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in two siblings confirmed by analysis of a novel steroid metabolite in newborn urine. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1986 Mar;111(3):349-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Curnow KM, Tusie-Luna MT, Pascoe L, Natarajan R, Gu JL, Nadler JL, White PC: The product of the CYP11B2 gene is required for aldosterone biosynthesis in the human adrenal cortex. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Oct;5(10):1513-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
  2. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
  3. Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
  4. Steroid 21-hydroxylase
  5. Glucocorticoid receptor
  6. Mineralocorticoid receptor
  7. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
  8. cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1
  9. Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
  10. HSD3B2 protein
  11. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  12. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5683
Enzyme 1 Name Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. CYPXIB1
  2. Cytochrome P-450c11
  3. Cytochrome P450C11
  4. Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 57572.4
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 9.65
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • electron carrier activity
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
  • membrane-bounded organelle
  • mitochondrion
  • organelle
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochrome P450 XIB
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R02726]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 30184 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P15538 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name C11B1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1512 bp
ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCATGGCAGTGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACAGGCACTGGGCACGAGAGCCGCCCGGGTCCCCAGGACAGTGCTGCCCTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCAGCGTCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGGACCTGCACCTGGAAGTACACCAGACCTTCCAGGAACTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACGACTTGGGAGGAGCAGGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGACGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCCACAGGATGAGCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGCTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAATCCAGAAGTGCTGTCGCCCAACGCTGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTGGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGACCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGCGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTATCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AGCCGCCCTCAACAGTACACCAGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAATGCGGAACTGTCG
CCAGATGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACGGTG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCAACGTGCAGCAGGCCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTCCCCTTGCTGCGTGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTCTGGAGCGAGTGGTGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTGCGCGTGTTCCTCTACTCTCTGGGTCGCAACCCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGCTATAACCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCTACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTTGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCATGTGCTGAAACACCTCCAGGTGGAGACACTAACCCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCCAGCATGTTCCCCCTCCTCACCTTCAGA
GCCATCAACTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X55764 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 1 Locus 8q21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Miyahara K, Yokoyama Y, Nakao K, Hosoda K, Yamamoto Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011 beta. FEBS Lett. 1990 Sep 3;269(2):345-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nusbaum C, Mikkelsen TS, Zody MC, Asakawa S, Taudien S, Garber M, Kodira CD, Schueler MG, Shimizu A, Whittaker CA, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Yang X, Allen NR, Anderson S, Asakawa T, Blechschmidt K, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Butler J, Cook A, Corum B, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dooley KT, Dorris L 3rd, Engels R, Glockner G, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hall JL, Ishikawa SK, Jaffe DB, Kamat A, Kudoh J, Lehmann R, Lokitsang T, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews CD, Mauceli E, Menzel U, Mihalev AH, Minoshima S, Murayama Y, Naylor JW, Nicol R, Nguyen C, O'Leary SB, O'Neill K, Parker SC, Polley A, Raymond CK, Reichwald K, Rodriguez J, Sasaki T, Schilhabel M, Siddiqui R, Smith CL, Sneddon TP, Talamas JA, Tenzin P, Topham K, Venkataraman V, Wen G, Yamazaki S, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Rosenthal A, Birren BW, Platzer M, Shimizu N, Lander ES: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8. Nature. 2006 Jan 19;439(7074):331-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Naiki Y, Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Orii T, Imura H, Shizuta Y: A nonsense mutation (TGG [Trp116]-->TAG [Stop]) in CYP11B1 causes steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chua SC, Szabo P, Vitek A, Grzeschik KH, John M, White PC: Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7193-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Yokoyama Y, Miyahara K, Miura S, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Nakao K, Imura H, et al.: Role of steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 18-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1458-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. White PC, Dupont J, New MI, Leiberman E, Hochberg Z, Rosler A: A mutation in CYP11B1 (Arg-448----His) associated with steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in Jews of Moroccan origin. J Clin Invest. 1991 May;87(5):1664-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Joehrer K, Geley S, Strasser-Wozak EM, Azziz R, Wollmann HA, Schmitt K, Kofler R, White PC: CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Oct;6(11):1829-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Loidi L, Quinteiro C, Barros F, Dominguez F, Barreiro J, Pombo M: The C494F variant in the CYP11B1 gene is a sequence polymorphism in the Spanish population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4749. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References
  1. Curnow KM, Tusie-Luna MT, Pascoe L, Natarajan R, Gu JL, Nadler JL, White PC: The product of the CYP11B2 gene is required for aldosterone biosynthesis in the human adrenal cortex. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 Oct;5(10):1513-22. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5738
Enzyme 2 Name 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type 1
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Delta 5-->4-isomerase type I
  2. 3-beta-HSD I
  3. Trophoblast antigen FDO161G
  4. 3-beta-hydroxy-Delta(5)-steroid dehydrogenase
  5. 3-beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase
  6. Progesterone reductase
  7. Steroid Delta-isomerase
  8. Delta-5-3-ketosteroid isomerase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name HSD3B1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >4-isomerase type 1
MTGWSCLVTGAGGFLGQRIIRLLVKEKELKEIRVLDKAFGPELREEFSKLQNKTKLTVLE
GDILDEPFLKRACQDVSVIIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVF
IYTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGGTL
YTCALRPMYIYGEGSRFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRAL
QDPKKAPSIRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSKEFGLRLDSRWSFPLSLMYWIGFLLEI
VSFLLRPIYTYRPPFNRHIVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSL
VDRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 42251.2
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.98
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
Process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
  • steroid biosynthetic process
  • steroid metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function 3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids. Efficiently catalyzes the transformation of pregnenolone to progesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17- alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, DHEA to 4-androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone to 5-alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione and 5-alpha-androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • a 3-oxo-Delta5-steroid = a 3-oxo-Delta4-steroid [RN:R02644]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 288-308
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P14060 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name 3BHS1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1122 bp
ATGACGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGTTTCTGGGACAGAGGATCATC
CGCCTCTTGGTGAAGGAGAAGGAGCTGAAGGAGATCAGGGTCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCGGA
CCAGAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAACTCCAGAACAAGACCAAGCTGACAGTGCTGGAA
GGAGACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAGAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCATCATC
CACACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTCGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCTATCATGAATGTC
AATGTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTCCTGTTAGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCTAGTGTGCCAGTCTTC
ATCTACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAAT
GGCCATGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCGCTCCATACCCACACAGCAAAAAG
CTTGCTGAGAAGGCTGTACTGGCGGCTAACGGGTGGAATCTGAAAAACGGCGGCACCCTG
TACACTTGTGCCTTACGACCCATGTATATCTATGGGGAAGGAAGCCGATTCCTTTCTGCT
AGTATAAACGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCCACT
GTTAACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAATGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCCCTG
CAGGACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGCATCCGAGGACAGTTCTACTATATCTCAGATGACACG
CCTCACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACACCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTCGGCCTCCGCCTT
GATTCCAGATGGAGCTTTCCTTTATCCCTGATGTATTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAATA
GTGAGCTTCCTACTCAGGCCAATTTACACCTATCGACCGCCCTTCAACCGCCACATAGTC
ACATTGTCAAATAGCGTATTCACCTTCTCTTATAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTAT
AAGCCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACGGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTT
GTGGACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID M27137 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID HSD3B1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:5217 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 1p13.1
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Luu The V, Lachance Y, Labrie C, Leblanc G, Thomas JL, Strickler RC, Labrie F: Full length cDNA structure and deduced amino acid sequence of human 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. Mol Endocrinol. 1989 Aug;3(8):1310-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Lorence MC, Murry BA, Trant JM, Mason JI: Human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4isomerase from placenta: expression in nonsteroidogenic cells of a protein that catalyzes the dehydrogenation/isomerization of C21 and C19 steroids. Endocrinology. 1990 May;126(5):2493-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Lorence MC, Corbin CJ, Kamimura N, Mahendroo MS, Mason JI: Structural analysis of the gene encoding human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5----4-isomerase. Mol Endocrinol. 1990 Dec;4(12):1850-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Lachance Y, Luu-The V, Labrie C, Simard J, Dumont M, de Launoit Y, Guerin S, Leblanc G, Labrie F: Characterization of human 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4-isomerase gene and its expression in mammalian cells. J Biol Chem. 1990 Nov 25;265(33):20469-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Nickson DA, McBride MW, Zeinali S, Hawes CS, Petropoulos A, Mueller UW, Sutcliffe RG: Molecular cloning and expression of human trophoblast antigen FDO161G and its identification as 3 beta-hydroxy-5-ene steroid dehydrogenase. J Reprod Fertil. 1991 Sep;93(1):149-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dumont M, Luu-The V, Dupont E, Pelletier G, Labrie F: Characterization, expression, and immunohistochemical localization of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta 5-delta 4 isomerase in human skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1992 Oct;99(4):415-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5808
Enzyme 3 Name Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Aldosterone synthase
  2. ALDOS
  3. Aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme
  4. CYPXIB2
  5. Cytochrome P-450Aldo
  6. Cytochrome P-450C18
  7. Steroid 18-hydroxylase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 57559.6
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 9.78
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • electron carrier activity
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
  • membrane-bounded organelle
  • mitochondrion
  • organelle
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11- deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18- hydroxycorticosterone
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R03262]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 119829183 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P19099 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name C11B2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1512 bp
ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCGTGGCAGCGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACGGGCACTGGGCACTAGAGCCGCTCGGGCCCCTAGGACGGTGCTGCCGTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCAGCATCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGCACCTGCACCTGGAGATGCACCAGACCTTCCAGGAGCTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACAACTTGGGAGGACCACGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGATGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCTGCAGGATGATCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGTTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAACCCAGATGTGCTGTCGCCCAAGGCCGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTAGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGATCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGTGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTACCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AACCGCCCTCAACACTACACAGGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAAGGCGGAACTGTCA
CTAGAAGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACAGCG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCGACGTGCAGCAGATCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTGCCCTTGCTGCGGGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTTTGGAGCGAGTGGTGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTACAGGTTTTCCTCTACTCGCTGGGTCGCAATGCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGGTATAATCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCCACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTCGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCACGTGCTGAAGCACTTCCTGGTGGAGACACTAACTCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCTGGCACGTCCCCCCTCCTCACTTTCAGA
GCGATTAACTAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID NM_000498.3 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID CYP11B2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID CYP11B2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:2592 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 3 Locus 8q21-q22
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kawainoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Yokoyama Y, Sumimoto H, Toda K, Miyahara K, Kuribayashi I, Nakao K, et al.: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human cytochrome P-450aldo as related to primary aldosteronism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 30;173(1):309-16. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Pascoe L, Curnow KM, Slutsker L, Rosler A, White PC: Mutations in the human CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) gene causing corticosterone methyloxidase II deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4996-5000. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Naiki Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Kuribayashi I, Orii T, Yasuda K, Miura K, Nakao K, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: the involvement of point mutations of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) in CMO II deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):974-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Miyahara K, Ulick S, Morton DH, Naiki Y, Kuribayashi I, Toda K, Hara T, Orii T, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: inactivation of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) due to nucleotide deletion in CMO I deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Feb 15;190(3):864-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Nomoto S, Massa G, Mitani F, Ishimura Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Nagano I, Yamashiro T, Ogoshi S, Fukata J, Onishi S, Hashimoto K, Doi Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: CMO I deficiency caused by a point mutation in exon 8 of the human CYP11B2 gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase (P450C18). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 May 19;234(2):382-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Peter M, Bunger K, Solyom J, Sippell WG: Mutation THR-185 ILE is associated with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type II. Eur J Pediatr. 1998 May;157(5):378-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Portrat-Doyen S, Tourniaire J, Richard O, Mulatero P, Aupetit-Faisant B, Curnow KM, Pascoe L, Morel Y: Isolated aldosterone synthase deficiency caused by simultaneous E198D and V386A mutations in the CYP11B2 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):4156-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tamaki S, Iwai N, Tsujita Y, Kinoshita M: Genetic polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene and hypertension in Japanese. Hypertension. 1999 Jan;33(1 Pt 2):266-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Kayes-Wandover KM, Schindler RE, Taylor HC, White PC: Type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency presenting in a middle-aged man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1008-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Dunlop FM, Crock PA, Montalto J, Funder JW, Curnow KM: A compound heterozygote case of type II aldosterone synthase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2518-26. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5809
Enzyme 4 Name Steroid 21-hydroxylase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. 21-OHase
  2. Cytochrome P-450c21
  3. Cytochrome P450 21
  4. Cytochrome P450 XXI
  5. Cytochrome P450-C21
  6. Cytochrome P450-C21B
Enzyme 4 Gene Name CYP21A2
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Steroid 21-hydroxylase
MLLLGLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIYR
LHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSKNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAHK
KLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGDK
IKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEMQ
LRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANTL
SWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVVP
LALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRALA
FGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVRL
QPRGMGAHSPGQNQ
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 494
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 55886.8
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.90
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • electron carrier activity
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Specifically catalyzes the 21-hydroxylation of steroids. Required for the adrenal synthesis of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • a steroid + AH2 + O2 = a 21-hydroxysteroid + A + H2O [RN:R02130]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 115529073 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08686 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CP21A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1485 bp
ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGGAAC
TGGTGGAAGCTCCGGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTGCTG
CAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTACAGG
CTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAAGCC
ATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTGGTG
TCTAAGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCACAAG
AAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTGGAG
CAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCCATT
GAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGACAAG
ATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAAACC
TGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCCAAT
CCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATGCAG
CTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTACATG
CTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGGCAC
GTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACCCTC
TCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAGGAG
CTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGTGCA
CGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTGCCC
TTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCTGAG
GGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAGAGG
CCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTGGCC
TTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTCGTG
GTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCCTCC
CTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGGCTG
CAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID BC125182 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 4 Locus 6p21.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Higashi Y, Yoshioka H, Yamane M, Gotoh O, Fujii-Kuriyama Y: Complete nucleotide sequence of two steroid 21-hydroxylase genes tandemly arranged in human chromosome: a pseudogene and a genuine gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2841-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. White PC, New MI, Dupont B: Structure of human steroid 21-hydroxylase genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(14):5111-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Rodrigues NR, Dunham I, Yu CY, Carroll MC, Porter RR, Campbell RD: Molecular characterization of the HLA-linked steroid 21-hydroxylase B gene from an individual with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. EMBO J. 1987 Jun;6(6):1653-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Globerman H, Amor M, Parker KL, New MI, White PC: Nonsense mutation causing steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1988 Jul;82(1):139-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Helmberg A, Tusie-Luna MT, Tabarelli M, Kofler R, White PC: R339H and P453S: CYP21 mutations associated with nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency that are not apparent gene conversions. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Aug;6(8):1318-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Collier S, Tassabehji M, Sinnott P, Strachan T: A de novo pathological point mutation at the 21-hydroxylase locus: implications for gene conversion in the human genome. Nat Genet. 1993 Mar;3(3):260-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Carroll MC, Campbell RD, Porter RR: Mapping of steroid 21-hydroxylase genes adjacent to complement component C4 genes in HLA, the major histocompatibility complex in man. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(2):521-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Amor M, Parker KL, Globerman H, New MI, White PC: Mutation in the CYP21B gene (Ile-172----Asn) causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(5):1600-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Matteson KJ, Phillips JA 3rd, Miller WL, Chung BC, Orlando PJ, Frisch H, Ferrandez A, Burr IM: P450XXI (steroid 21-hydroxylase) gene deletions are not found in family studies of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Aug;84(16):5858-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Wu DA, Chung BC: Mutations of P450c21 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) at Cys428, Val281, and Ser268 result in complete, partial, or no loss of enzymatic activity, respectively. J Clin Invest. 1991 Aug;88(2):519-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. White PC, Tusie-Luna MT, New MI, Speiser PW: Mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase (CYP21). Hum Mutat. 1994;3(4):373-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Speiser PW, New MI, White PC: Molecular genetic analysis of nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency associated with HLA-B14,DR1. N Engl J Med. 1988 Jul 7;319(1):19-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Chiou SH, Hu MC, Chung BC: A missense mutation at Ile172----Asn or Arg356----Trp causes steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1990 Feb 25;265(6):3549-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Partanen J, Campbell RD: Substitution of Ile-172 to Asn in the steroid 21-hydroxylase B (P450c21B) gene in a Finnish patient with the simple virilizing form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;87(6):716-20. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Tusie-Luna MT, Speiser PW, Dumic M, New MI, White PC: A mutation (Pro-30 to Leu) in CYP21 represents a potential nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency allele. Mol Endocrinol. 1991 May;5(5):685-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Speiser PW, Dupont J, Zhu D, Serrat J, Buegeleisen M, Tusie-Luna MT, Lesser M, New MI, White PC: Disease expression and molecular genotype in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1992 Aug;90(2):584-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Owerbach D, Sherman L, Ballard AL, Azziz R: Pro-453 to Ser mutation in CYP21 is associated with nonclassic steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Mol Endocrinol. 1992 Aug;6(8):1211-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Wedell A, Ritzen EM, Haglund-Stengler B, Luthman H: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: three additional mutated alleles and establishment of phenotype-genotype relationships of common mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Aug 1;89(15):7232-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Wedell A, Luthman H: Steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21): a new allele and spread of mutations through the pseudogene. Hum Genet. 1993 Apr;91(3):236-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Barbat B, Bogyo A, Raux-Demay MC, Kuttenn F, Boue J, Simon-Bouy B, Serre JL, Mornet E: Screening of CYP21 gene mutations in 129 French patients affected by steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(2):126-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Kirby-Keyser L, Porter CC, Donohoue PA: E380D: a novel point mutation of CYP21 in an HLA-homozygous patient with salt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(2):181-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Lajic S, Levo A, Nikoshkov A, Lundberg Y, Partanen J, Wedell A: A cluster of missense mutations at Arg356 of human steroid 21-hydroxylase may impair redox partner interaction. Hum Genet. 1997 Jun;99(6):704-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Nikoshkov A, Lajic S, Holst M, Wedell A, Luthman H: Synergistic effect of partially inactivating mutations in steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Jan;82(1):194-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Ordonez-Sanchez ML, Ramirez-Jimenez S, Lopez-Gutierrez AU, Riba L, Gamboa-Cardiel S, Cerrillo-Hinojosa M, Altamirano-Bustamante N, Calzada-Leon R, Robles-Valdes C, Mendoza-Morfin F, Tusie-Luna MT: Molecular genetic analysis of patients carrying steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency in the Mexican population: identification of possible new mutations and high prevalence of apparent germ-line mutations. Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;102(2):170-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Nikoshkov A, Lajic S, Vlamis-Gardikas A, Tranebjaerg L, Holst M, Wedell A, Luthman H: Naturally occurring mutants of human steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21) pinpoint residues important for enzyme activity and stability. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 13;273(11):6163-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Lajic S, Nikoshkov A, Holst M, Wedell A: Effects of missense mutations and deletions on membrane anchoring and enzyme function of human steroid 21-hydroxylase (P450c21). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 13;257(2):384-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Lobato MN, Ordonez-Sanchez ML, Tusie-Luna MT, Meseguer A: Mutation analysis in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia in the Spanish population: identification of putative novel steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency alleles associated with the classic form of the disease. Hum Hered. 1999 Jun;49(3):169-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Witchel SF, Smith R, Suda-Hartman M: Identification of CYP21 mutations, one novel, by single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Mutations in brief no. 218. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(2):172. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Ohlsson G, Muller J, Skakkebaek NE, Schwartz M: Steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: mutational spectrum in Denmark, three novel mutations, and in vitro expression analysis. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):482-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Kapelari K, Ghanaati Z, Wollmann H, Ventz M, Ranke MB, Kofler R, Peters H: A rapid screening for steroid 21-hydroxylase mutations in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. Mutations in brief no. 247. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):505. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Billerbeck AE, Bachega TA, Frazatto ET, Nishi MY, Goldberg AC, Marin ML, Madureira G, Monte O, Arnhold IJ, Mendonca BB: A novel missense mutation, GLY424SER, in Brazilian patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Aug;84(8):2870-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Asanuma A, Ohura T, Ogawa E, Sato S, Igarashi Y, Matsubara Y, Iinuma K: Molecular analysis of Japanese patients with steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Hum Genet. 1999;44(5):312-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Lako M, Ramsden S, Campbell RD, Strachan T: Mutation screening in British 21-hydroxylase deficiency families and development of novel microsatellite based approaches to prenatal diagnosis. J Med Genet. 1999 Feb;36(2):119-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Krone N, Braun A, Roscher AA, Knorr D, Schwarz HP: Predicting phenotype in steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency? Comprehensive genotyping in 155 unrelated, well defined patients from southern Germany. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Mar;85(3):1059-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Loke KY, Lee YS, Lee WW, Poh LK: Molecular analysis of CYP-21 mutations for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Singapore. Horm Res. 2001;55(4):179-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Deneux C, Tardy V, Dib A, Mornet E, Billaud L, Charron D, Morel Y, Kuttenn F: Phenotype-genotype correlation in 56 women with nonclassical congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Jan;86(1):207-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Baumgartner-Parzer SM, Schulze E, Waldhausl W, Pauschenwein S, Rondot S, Nowotny P, Meyer K, Frisch H, Waldhauser F, Vierhapper H: Mutational spectrum of the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in Austria: identification of a novel missense mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Oct;86(10):4771-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Levo A, Partanen J: Novel mutations in the human CYP21 gene. Prenat Diagn. 2001 Oct;21(10):885-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Ezquieta B, Cueva E, Varela J, Oliver A, Fernandez J, Jariego C: Non-classical 21-hydroxylase deficiency in children: association of adrenocorticotropic hormone-stimulated 17-hydroxyprogesterone with the risk of compound heterozygosity with severe mutations. Acta Paediatr. 2002;91(8):892-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Lajic S, Clauin S, Robins T, Vexiau P, Blanche H, Bellanne-Chantelot C, Wedell A: Novel mutations in CYP21 detected in individuals with hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2824-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Billerbeck AE, Mendonca BB, Pinto EM, Madureira G, Arnhold IJ, Bachega TA: Three novel mutations in CYP21 gene in Brazilian patients with the classical form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency due to a founder effect. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Sep;87(9):4314-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Dolzan V, Stopar-Obreza M, Zerjav-Tansek M, Breskvar K, Krzisnik C, Battelino T: Mutational spectrum of congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Slovenian patients: a novel Ala15Thr mutation and Pro30Leu within a larger gene conversion associated with a severe form of the disease. Eur J Endocrinol. 2003 Aug;149(2):137-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Pinto G, Tardy V, Trivin C, Thalassinos C, Lortat-Jacob S, Nihoul-Fekete C, Morel Y, Brauner R: Follow-up of 68 children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: relevance of genotype for management. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2624-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. Stikkelbroeck NM, Hoefsloot LH, de Wijs IJ, Otten BJ, Hermus AR, Sistermans EA: CYP21 gene mutation analysis in 198 patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency in The Netherlands: six novel mutations and a specific cluster of four mutations. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Aug;88(8):3852-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  47. Kharrat M, Tardy V, M'Rad R, Maazoul F, Jemaa LB, Refai M, Morel Y, Chaabouni H: Molecular genetic analysis of Tunisian patients with a classic form of 21-hydroxylase deficiency: identification of four novel mutations and high prevalence of Q318X mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jan;89(1):368-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  48. Usui T, Nishisho K, Kaji M, Ikuno N, Yorifuji T, Yasuda T, Kuzuya H, Shimatsu A: Three novel mutations in Japanese patients with 21-hydroxylase deficiency. Horm Res. 2004;61(3):126-32. Epub 2003 Dec 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  49. Barbaro M, Lajic S, Baldazzi L, Balsamo A, Pirazzoli P, Cicognani A, Wedell A, Cacciari E: Functional analysis of two recurrent amino acid substitutions in the CYP21 gene from Italian patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2402-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  50. Zeng X, Witchel SF, Dobrowolski SF, Moulder PV, Jarvik JW, Telmer CA: Detection and assignment of CYP21 mutations using peptide mass signature genotyping. Mol Genet Metab. 2004 May;82(1):38-47. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References
  1. Mellon SH, Miller WL: Extraadrenal steroid 21-hydroxylation is not mediated by P450c21. J Clin Invest. 1989 Nov;84(5):1497-502. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 7297
Enzyme 5 Name Glucocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. GR
  2. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1
Enzyme 5 Gene Name NR3C1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glucocorticoid receptor
MDSKESLTPGREENPSSVLAQERGDVMDFYKTLRGGATVKVSASSPSLAVASQSDSKQRR
LLVDFPKGSVSNAQQPDLSKAVSLSMGLYMGETETKVMGNDLGFPQQGQISLSSGETDLK
LLEESIANLNRSTSVPENPKSSASTAVSAAPTEKEFPKTHSDVSSEQQHLKGQTGTNGGN
VKLYTTDQSTFDILQDLEFSSGSPGKETNESPWRSDLLIDENCLLSPLAGEDDSFLLEGN
SNEDCKPLILPDTKPKIKDNGDLVLSSPSNVTLPQVKTEKEDFIELCTPGVIKQEKLGTV
YCQASFPGANIIGNKMSAISVHGVSTSGGQMYHYDMNTASLSQQQDQKPIFNVIPPIPVG
SENWNRCQGSGDDNLTSLGTLNFPGRTVFSNGYSSPSMRPDVSSPPSSSSTATTGPPPKL
CLVCSDEASGCHYGVLTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRYRK
CLQAGMNLEARKTKKKIKGIQQATTGVSQETSENPGNKTIVPATLPQLTPTLVSLLEVIE
PEVLYAGYDSSVPDSTWRIMTTLNMLGGRQVIAAVKWAKAIPGFRNLHLDDQMTLLQYSW
MFLMAFALGWRSYRQSSANLLCFAPDLIINEQRMTLPCMYDQCKHMLYVSSELHRLQVSY
EEYLCMKTLLLLSSVPKDGLKSQELFDEIRMTYIKELGKAIVKREGNSSQNWQRFYQLTK
LLDSMHEVVENLLNYCFQTFLDKTMSIEFPEMLAEIITNQIPKYSNGNIKKLLFHQK
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 777
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 85658.6
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 6.31
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • cation binding
  • glucocorticoid receptor activity
  • ion binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • lipid binding
  • metal ion binding
  • molecular transducer activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • sequence-specific DNA binding
  • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid binding
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transition metal ion binding
  • zinc ion binding
Process
  • biological regulation
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of gene expression
  • regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
  • regulation of metabolic process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
  • membrane-bounded organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in DNA binding
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC). Has a dual mode of action:as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE) and as a modulator of other transcription factors. Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth. Involved in chromatin remodeling. Plays a significant role in transactivation. Involved in nuclear translocation
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 31680 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04150 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID 1NHZ Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB File Show
Enzyme 5 3D Structure
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2334 bp
ATGGACTCCAAAGAATCATTAACTCCTGGTAGAGAAGAAAACCCCAGCAGTGTGCTTGCT
CAGGAGAGGGGAGATGTGATGGACTTCTATAAAACCCTAAGAGGAGGAGCTACTGTGAAG
GTTTCTGCGTCTTCACCCTCACTGGCTGTCGCTTCTCAATCAGACTCCAAGCAGCGAAGA
CTTTTGGTTGATTTTCCAAAAGGCTCAGTAAGCAATGCGCAGCAGCCAGATCTGTCCAAA
GCAGTTTCACTCTCAATGGGACTGTATATGGGAGAGACAGAAACAAAAGTGATGGGAAAT
GACCTGGGATTCCCACAGCAGGGCCAAATCAGCCTTTCCTCGGGGGAAACAGACTTAAAG
CTTTTGGAAGAAAGCATTGCAAACCTCAATAGGTCGACCAGTGTTCCAGAGAACCCCAAG
AGTTCAGCATCCACTGCTGTGTCTGCTGCCCCCACAGAGAAGGAGTTTCCAAAAACTCAC
TCTGATGTATCTTCAGAACAGCAACATTTGAAGGGCCAGACTGGCACCAACGGTGGCAAT
GTGAAATTGTATACCACAGACCAAAGCACCTTTGACATTTTGCAGGATTTGGAGTTTTCT
TCTGGGTCCCCAGGTAAAGAGACGAATGAGAGTCCTTGGAGATCAGACCTGTTGATAGAT
GAAAACTGTTTGCTTTCTCCTCTGGCGGGAGAAGACGATTCATTCCTTTTGGAAGGAAAC
TCGAATGAGGACTGCAAGCCTCTCATTTTACCGGACACTAAACCCAAAATTAAGGATAAT
GGAGATCTGGTTTTGTCAAGCCCCAGTAATGTAACACTGCCCCAAGTGAAAACAGAAAAA
GAAGATTTCATCGAACTCTGCACCCCTGGGGTAATTAAGCAAGAGAAACTGGGCACAGTT
TACTGTCAGGCAAGCTTTCCTGGAGCAAATATAATTGGTAATAAAATGTCTGCCATTTCT
GTTCATGGTGTGAGTACCTCTGGAGGACAGATGTACCACTATGACATGAATACAGCATCC
CTTTCTCAACAGCAGGATCAGAAGCCTATTTTTAATGTCATTCCACCAATTCCCGTTGGT
TCCGAAAATTGGAATAGGTGCCAAGGATCTGGAGATGACAACTTGACTTCTCTGGGGACT
CTGAACTTCCCTGGTCGAACAGTTTTTTCTAATGGCTATTCAAGCCCCAGCATGAGACCA
GATGTAAGCTCTCCTCCATCCAGCTCCTCAACAGCAACAACAGGACCACCTCCCAAACTC
TGCCTGGTGTGCTCTGATGAAGCTTCAGGATGTCATTATGGAGTCTTAACTTGTGGAAGC
TGTAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGACAGCACAATTACCTATGTGCTGGAAGG
AATGATTGCATCATCGATAAAATTCGAAGAAAAAACTGCCCAGCATGCCGCTATCGAAAA
TGTCTTCAGGCTGGAATGAACCTGGAAGCTCGAAAAACAAAGAAAAAAATAAAAGGAATT
CAGCAGGCCACTACAGGAGTCTCACAAGAAACCTCTGAAAATCCTGGTAACAAAACAATA
GTTCCTGCAACGTTACCACAACTCACCCCTACCCTGGTGTCACTGTTGGAGGTTATTGAA
CCTGAAGTGTTATATGCAGGATATGATAGCTCTGTTCCAGACTCAACTTGGAGGATCATG
ACTACGCTCAACATGTTAGGAGGGCGGCAAGTGATTGCAGCAGTGAAATGGGCAAAGGCA
ATACCAGGTTTCAGGAACTTACACCTGGATGACCAAATGACCCTACTGCAGTACTCCTGG
ATGTTTCTTATGGCATTTGCTCTGGGGTGGAGATCATATAGACAATCAAGTGCAAACCTG
CTGTGTTTTGCTCCTGATCTGATTATTAATGAGCAGAGAATGACTCTACCCTGCATGTAC
GACCAATGTAAACACATGCTGTATGTTTCCTCTGAGTTACACAGGCTTCAGGTATCTTAT
GAAGAGTATCTCTGTATGAAAACCTTACTGCTTCTCTCTTCAGTTCCTAAGGACGGTCTG
AAGAGCCAAGAGCTATTTGATGAAATTAGAATGACCTACATCAAAGAGCTAGGAAAAGCC
ATTGTCAAGAGGGAAGGAAACTCCAGCCAGAACTGGCAGCGGTTTTATCAACTGACAAAA
CTCTTGGATTCTATGCATGAAGTGGTTGAAAATCTCCTTAACTATTGCTTCCAAACATTT
TTGGATAAGACCATGAGTATTGAATTCCCCGAGATGTTAGCTGAAATCATCACCAATCAG
ATACCAAAATATTCAAATGGAAATATCAAAAAACTTCTGTTTCATCAAAAGTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID X03225 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID NR3C1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:7978 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 5
Enzyme 5 Locus 5q31.3
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Hollenberg SM, Weinberger C, Ong ES, Cerelli G, Oro A, Lebo R, Thompson EB, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Primary structure and expression of a functional human glucocorticoid receptor cDNA. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):635-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Encio IJ, Detera-Wadleigh SD: The genomic structure of the human glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7182-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Schmutz J, Martin J, Terry A, Couronne O, Grimwood J, Lowry S, Gordon LA, Scott D, Xie G, Huang W, Hellsten U, Tran-Gyamfi M, She X, Prabhakar S, Aerts A, Altherr M, Bajorek E, Black S, Branscomb E, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chan YM, Denys M, Detter JC, Escobar J, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Israni S, Jett J, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Lopez F, Lou Y, Martinez D, Medina C, Morgan J, Nandkeshwar R, Noonan JP, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Priest J, Ramirez L, Retterer J, Rodriguez A, Rogers S, Salamov A, Salazar A, Thayer N, Tice H, Tsai M, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, Wheeler J, Wu K, Yang J, Dickson M, Cheng JF, Eichler EE, Olsen A, Pennacchio LA, Rokhsar DS, Richardson P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 5. Nature. 2004 Sep 16;431(7006):268-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Leclerc S, Xie BX, Roy R, Govindan MV: Purification of a human glucocorticoid receptor gene promoter-binding protein. Production of polyclonal antibodies against the purified factor. J Biol Chem. 1991 May 15;266(14):8711-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Govindan MV, Pothier F, Leclerc S, Palaniswami R, Xie B: Human glucocorticoid receptor gene promotor-homologous down regulation. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1991;40(1-3):317-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Weinberger C, Hollenberg SM, Rosenfeld MG, Evans RM: Domain structure of human glucocorticoid receptor and its relationship to the v-erb-A oncogene product. Nature. 1985 Dec 19-1986 Jan 1;318(6047):670-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Moalli PA, Pillay S, Krett NL, Rosen ST: Alternatively spliced glucocorticoid receptor messenger RNAs in glucocorticoid-resistant human multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):3877-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Henriksson A, Almlof T, Ford J, McEwan IJ, Gustafsson JA, Wright AP: Role of the Ada adaptor complex in gene activation by the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell Biol. 1997 Jun;17(6):3065-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Fryer CJ, Archer TK: Chromatin remodelling by the glucocorticoid receptor requires the BRG1 complex. Nature. 1998 May 7;393(6680):88-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Schneikert J, Hubner S, Martin E, Cato AC: A nuclear action of the eukaryotic cochaperone RAP46 in downregulation of glucocorticoid receptor activity. J Cell Biol. 1999 Sep 6;146(5):929-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Rivers C, Levy A, Hancock J, Lightman S, Norman M: Insertion of an amino acid in the DNA-binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor as a result of alternative splicing. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):4283-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Kayes-Wandover KM, White PC: Steroidogenic enzyme gene expression in the human heart. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2519-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Mahajan MA, Samuels HH: A new family of nuclear receptor coregulators that integrate nuclear receptor signaling through CREB-binding protein. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Jul;20(14):5048-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Diamond MI, Robinson MR, Yamamoto KR: Regulation of expanded polyglutamine protein aggregation and nuclear localization by the glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Jan 18;97(2):657-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Wallace AD, Cidlowski JA: Proteasome-mediated glucocorticoid receptor degradation restricts transcriptional signaling by glucocorticoids. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 16;276(46):42714-21. Epub 2001 Sep 12. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Strickland I, Kisich K, Hauk PJ, Vottero A, Chrousos GP, Klemm DJ, Leung DY: High constitutive glucocorticoid receptor beta in human neutrophils enables them to reduce their spontaneous rate of cell death in response to corticosteroids. J Exp Med. 2001 Mar 5;193(5):585-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Yudt MR, Cidlowski JA: Molecular identification and characterization of a and b forms of the glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Jul;15(7):1093-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Tian S, Poukka H, Palvimo JJ, Janne OA: Small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) modification of the glucocorticoid receptor. Biochem J. 2002 Nov 1;367(Pt 3):907-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wang Z, Frederick J, Garabedian MJ: Deciphering the phosphorylation "code" of the glucocorticoid receptor in vivo. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jul 19;277(29):26573-80. Epub 2002 May 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Wong CW, McNally C, Nickbarg E, Komm BS, Cheskis BJ: Estrogen receptor-interacting protein that modulates its nongenomic activity-crosstalk with Src/Erk phosphorylation cascade. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Nov 12;99(23):14783-8. Epub 2002 Nov 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Lu NZ, Cidlowski JA: The origin and functions of multiple human glucocorticoid receptor isoforms. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2004 Jun;1024:102-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Guerrero-Santoro J, Yang L, Stallcup MR, DeFranco DB: Distinct LIM domains of Hic-5/ARA55 are required for nuclear matrix targeting and glucocorticoid receptor binding and coactivation. J Cell Biochem. 2004 Jul 1;92(4):810-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Shimizu N, Ouchida R, Yoshikawa N, Hisada T, Watanabe H, Okamoto K, Kusuhara M, Handa H, Morimoto C, Tanaka H: HEXIM1 forms a transcriptionally abortive complex with glucocorticoid receptor without involving 7SK RNA and positive transcription elongation factor b. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Jun 14;102(24):8555-60. Epub 2005 Jun 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Chadli A, Graham JD, Abel MG, Jackson TA, Gordon DF, Wood WM, Felts SJ, Horwitz KB, Toft D: GCUNC-45 is a novel regulator for the progesterone receptor/hsp90 chaperoning pathway. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Mar;26(5):1722-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Bledsoe RK, Montana VG, Stanley TB, Delves CJ, Apolito CJ, McKee DD, Consler TG, Parks DJ, Stewart EL, Willson TM, Lambert MH, Moore JT, Pearce KH, Xu HE: Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell. 2002 Jul 12;110(1):93-105. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Kauppi B, Jakob C, Farnegardh M, Yang J, Ahola H, Alarcon M, Calles K, Engstrom O, Harlan J, Muchmore S, Ramqvist AK, Thorell S, Ohman L, Greer J, Gustafsson JA, Carlstedt-Duke J, Carlquist M: The three-dimensional structures of antagonistic and agonistic forms of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand-binding domain: RU-486 induces a transconformation that leads to active antagonism. J Biol Chem. 2003 Jun 20;278(25):22748-54. Epub 2003 Apr 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Hurley DM, Accili D, Stratakis CA, Karl M, Vamvakopoulos N, Rorer E, Constantine K, Taylor SI, Chrousos GP: Point mutation causing a single amino acid substitution in the hormone binding domain of the glucocorticoid receptor in familial glucocorticoid resistance. J Clin Invest. 1991 Feb;87(2):680-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Powers JH, Hillmann AG, Tang DC, Harmon JM: Cloning and expression of mutant glucocorticoid receptors from glucocorticoid-sensitive and -resistant human leukemic cells. Cancer Res. 1993 Sep 1;53(17):4059-65. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Karl M, Lamberts SW, Detera-Wadleigh SD, Encio IJ, Stratakis CA, Hurley DM, Accili D, Chrousos GP: Familial glucocorticoid resistance caused by a splice site deletion in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Mar;76(3):683-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Malchoff DM, Brufsky A, Reardon G, McDermott P, Javier EC, Bergh CH, Rowe D, Malchoff CD: A mutation of the glucocorticoid receptor in primary cortisol resistance. J Clin Invest. 1993 May;91(5):1918-25. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Ashraf J, Thompson EB: Identification of the activation-labile gene: a single point mutation in the human glucocorticoid receptor presents as two distinct receptor phenotypes. Mol Endocrinol. 1993 May;7(5):631-42. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Koper JW, Stolk RP, de Lange P, Huizenga NA, Molijn GJ, Pols HA, Grobbee DE, Karl M, de Jong FH, Brinkmann AO, Lamberts SW: Lack of association between five polymorphisms in the human glucocorticoid receptor gene and glucocorticoid resistance. Hum Genet. 1997 May;99(5):663-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Feng J, Zheng J, Bennett WP, Heston LL, Jones IR, Craddock N, Sommer SS: Five missense variants in the amino-terminal domain of the glucocorticoid receptor: no association with puerperal psychosis or schizophrenia. Am J Med Genet. 2000 Jun 12;96(3):412-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Ruiz M, Lind U, Gafvels M, Eggertsen G, Carlstedt-Duke J, Nilsson L, Holtmann M, Stierna P, Wikstrom AC, Werner S: Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Sep;55(3):363-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Dobson MG, Redfern CP, Unwin N, Weaver JU: The N363S polymorphism of the glucocorticoid receptor: potential contribution to central obesity in men and lack of association with other risk factors for coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 May;86(5):2270-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Kino T, Stauber RH, Resau JH, Pavlakis GN, Chrousos GP: Pathologic human GR mutant has a transdominant negative effect on the wild-type GR by inhibiting its translocation into the nucleus: importance of the ligand-binding domain for intracellular GR trafficking. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5600-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. van Rossum EF, Koper JW, Huizenga NA, Uitterlinden AG, Janssen JA, Brinkmann AO, Grobbee DE, de Jong FH, van Duyn CM, Pols HA, Lamberts SW: A polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene, which decreases sensitivity to glucocorticoids in vivo, is associated with low insulin and cholesterol levels. Diabetes. 2002 Oct;51(10):3128-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Mendonca BB, Leite MV, de Castro M, Kino T, Elias LL, Bachega TA, Arnhold IJ, Chrousos GP, Latronico AC: Female pseudohermaphroditism caused by a novel homozygous missense mutation of the GR gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Apr;87(4):1805-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Vottero A, Kino T, Combe H, Lecomte P, Chrousos GP: A novel, C-terminal dominant negative mutation of the GR causes familial glucocorticoid resistance through abnormal interactions with p160 steroid receptor coactivators. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Jun;87(6):2658-67. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. van Rossum EF, Feelders RA, van den Beld AW, Uitterlinden AG, Janssen JA, Ester W, Brinkmann AO, Grobbee DE, de Jong FH, Pols HA, Koper JW, Lamberts SW: Association of the ER22/23EK polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene with survival and C-reactive protein levels in elderly men. Am J Med. 2004 Aug 1;117(3):158-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  47. van Rossum EF, Voorhoeve PG, te Velde SJ, Koper JW, Delemarre-van de Waal HA, Kemper HC, Lamberts SW: The ER22/23EK polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor gene is associated with a beneficial body composition and muscle strength in young adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):4004-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References
  1. Krajcsi P, Aranyi P: Characterization of the partially purified, ligand-free glucocorticoid receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1986 Sep 4;883(2):215-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 8137
Enzyme 6 Name Mineralocorticoid receptor
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. MR
  2. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2
Enzyme 6 Gene Name NR3C2
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Mineralocorticoid receptor
METKGYHSLPEGLDMERRWGQVSQAVERSSLGPTERTDENNYMEIVNVSCVSGAIPNNST
QGSSKEKQELLPCLQQDNNRPGILTSDIKTELESKELSATVAESMGLYMDSVRDADYSYE
QQNQQGSMSPAKIYQNVEQLVKFYKGNGHRPSTLSCVNTPLRSFMSDSGSSVNGGVMRAI
VKSPIMCHEKSPSVCSPLNMTSSVCSPAGINSVSSTTASFGSFPVHSPITQGTPLTCSPN
AENRGSRSHSPAHASNVGSPLSSPLSSMKSSISSPPSHCSVKSPVSSPNNVTLRSSVSSP
ANINNSRCSVSSPSNTNNRSTLSSPAASTVGSICSPVNNAFSYTASGTSAGSSTLRDVVP
SPDTQEKGAQEVPFPKTEEVESAISNGVTGQLNIVQYIKPEPDGAFSSSCLGGNSKINSD
SSFSVPIKQESTKHSCSGTSFKGNPTVNPFPFMDGSYFSFMDDKDYYSLSGILGPPVPGF
DGNCEGSGFPVGIKQEPDDGSYYPEASIPSSAIVGVNSGGQSFHYRIGAQGTISLSRSAR
DQSFQHLSSFPPVNTLVESWKSHGDLSSRRSDGYPVLEYIPENVSSSTLRSVSTGSSRPS
KICLVCGDEASGCHYGVVTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRL
QKCLQAGMNLGARKSKKLGKLKGIHEEQPQQQQPPPPPPPPQSPEEGTTYIAPAKEPSVN
TALVPQLSTISRALTPSPVMVLENIEPEIVYAGYDSSKPDTAENLLSTLNRLAGKQMIQV
VKWAKVLPGFKNLPLEDQITLIQYSWMCLSSFALSWRSYKHTNSQFLYFAPDLVFNEEKM
HQSAMYELCQGMHQISLQFVRLQLTFEEYTIMKVLLLLSTIPKDGLKSQAAFEEMRTNYI
KELRKMVTKCPNNSGQSWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHDLVSDLLEFCFYTFRESHALKVEFPAML
VEIISDQLPKVESGNAKPLYFHRK
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 984
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 107066.6
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 7.42
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • DNA binding
  • binding
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • ligand-dependent nuclear receptor activity
  • metal ion binding
  • molecular transducer activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • receptor activity
  • sequence-specific DNA binding
  • sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • steroid hormone receptor activity
  • transition metal ion binding
  • zinc ion binding
Process
  • biological regulation
  • regulation of biological process
  • regulation of gene expression
  • regulation of macromolecule metabolic process
  • regulation of metabolic process
  • regulation of transcription
  • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
  • membrane-bounded organelle
  • nucleus
  • organelle
Enzyme 6 General Function Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Receptor for both mineralocorticoids (MC) such as aldosterone and glucocorticoids (GC) such as corticosterone or cortisol. Binds to mineralocorticoid response elements (MRE) and transactivates target genes. The effect of MC is to increase ion and water transport and thus raise extracellular fluid volume and blood pressure and lower potassium levels
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P08235 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name MCR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >2955 bp
ATGGAGACCAAAGGCTACCACAGTCTCCCTGAAGGTCTAGATATGGAAAGACGGTGGGGT
CAAGTTTCTCAGGCTGTGGAGCGTTCTTCCCTGGGACCTACAGAGAGGACCGATGAGAAT
AACTACATGGAGATTGTCAACGTAAGCTGTGTTTCCGGTGCTATTCCAAACAACAGTACT
CAAGGAAGCAGCAAAGAAAAACAAGAACTACTCCCTTGCCTTCAGCAAGACAATAATCGG
CCTGGGATTTTAACATCTGATATTAAAACTGAGCTGGAATCTAAGGAACTTTCAGCAACT
GTAGCTGAGTCCATGGGTTTATATATGGATTCTGTAAGAGATGCTGACTATTCCTATGAG
CAGCAGAACCAACAAGGAAGCATGAGTCCAGCTAAGATTTATCAGAATGTTGAACAGCTG
GTGAAATTTTACAAAGGAAATGGCCATCGTCCTTCCACTCTAAGTTGTGTGAACACGCCC
TTGAGATCATTTATGTCTGACTCTGGGAGCTCCGTGAATGGTGGCGTCATGCGCGCCATT
GTTAAAAGCCCTATCATGTGTCATGAGAAAAGCCCGTCTGTTTGCAGCCCTCTGAACATG
ACATCTTCGGTTTGCAGCCCTGCTGGAATCAACTCTGTGTCCTCCACCACAGCCAGCTTT
GGCAGTTTTCCAGTGCACAGCCCAATCACCCAGGGAACTCCTCTGACATGCTCCCCTAAT
GCTGAAAATCGAGGCTCCAGGTCGCACAGCCCTGCACATGCTAGCAATGTGGGCTCTCCT
CTCTCAAGTCCGTTAAGTAGCATGAAATCCTCAATTTCCAGCCCTCCAAGTCACTGCAGT
GTAAAATCTCCAGTCTCCAGTCCCAATAATGTCACTCTGAGATCCTCTGTGTCTAGCCCT
GCAAATATTAACAACTCAAGGTGCTCTGTTTCCAGCCCTTCGAACACTAATAACAGATCC
ACGCTTTCCAGTCCGGCAGCCAGTACTGTGGGATCTATCTGTAGCCCTGTAAACAATGCC
TTCAGCTACACTGCTTCTGGCACCTCTGCTGGATCCAGTACATTGCGGGATGTGGTTCCC
AGTCCAGACACGCAGGAGAAAGGTGCTCAAGAGGTCCCTTTTCCTAAGACTGAGGAAGTA
GAGAGTGCCATCTCAAATGGTGTGACTGGCCAGCTTAATATTGTCCAGTACATAAAACCA
GAACCAGATGGAGCTTTTAGCAGCTCATGTCTAGGAGGAAATAGCAAAATAAATTCGGAT
TCTTCATTCTCAGTACCAATAAAGCAAGAATCAACCAAGCATTCATGTTCAGGCACCTCT
TTTAAAGGGAATCCAACAGTAAACCCGTTTCCATTTATGGATGGCTCGTATTTTTCCTTT
ATGGATGATAAAGACTATTATTCCCTATCAGGAATTTTAGGACCACCTGTGCCCGGCTTT
GATGGTAACTGTGAAGGCAGCGGATTCCCAGTGGGTATTAAACAAGAACCAGATGACGGG
AGCTATTACCCAGAGGCCAGCATCCCTTCCTCTGCTATTGTTGGGGTGAATTCAGGTGGA
CAGTCCTTCCACTACAGGATTGGTGCTCAAGGTACAATATCTTTATCACGATCGGCTAGA
GACCAATCTTTCCAACACCTGAGTTCCTTTCCTCCTGTCAATACTTTAGTGGAGTCATGG
AAATCACACGGCGACCTGTCGTCTAGAAGAAGTGATGGGTATCCGGTCTTAGAATACATT
CCAGAAAATGTATCAAGCTCTACTTTACGAAGTGTTTCTACTGGATCTTCAAGACCTTCA
AAAATATGTTTGGTGTGTGGGGATGAGGCTTCAGGATGCCATTATGGGGTAGTCACCTGT
GGCAGCTGCAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGGCAACACAACTATTTATGTGCT
GGAAGAAATGATTGCATCATTGATAAGATTCGACGAAAGAATTGTCCTGCTTGCAGACTT
CAGAAATGTCTTCAAGCTGGAATGAATTTAGGAGCACGAAAGTCAAAGAAGTTGGGAAAG
TTAAAAGGGATTCACGAGGAGCAGCCACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCCACCCCCACCCCCACCC
CCGCAAAGCCCAGAGGAAGGGACAACGTACATCGCTCCTGCAAAAGAACCCTCGGTCAAC
ACAGCACTGGTTCCTCAGCTCTCCACAATCTCACGAGCGCTCACACCTTCCCCCGTTATG
GTCCTTGAAAACATTGAACCTGAAATTGTATATGCAGGCTATGACAGCTCAAAACCAGAT
ACAGCCGAAAATCTGCTCTCCACGCTCAACCGCTTAGCAGGCAAACAGATGATCCAAGTC
GTGAAGTGGGCAAAGGTACTTCCAGGATTTAAAAACTTGCCTCTTGAGGACCAAATTACC
CTAATCCAGTATTCTTGGATGTGTCTATCATCATTTGCCTTGAGCTGGAGATCGTACAAA
CATACGAACAGCCAATTTCTCTATTTTGCACCAGACCTAGTCTTTAATGAAGAGAAGATG
CATCAGTCTGCCATGTATGAACTATGCCAGGGGATGCACCAAATCAGCCTTCAGTTCGTT
CGACTGCAGCTCACCTTTGAAGAATACACCATCATGAAAGTTTTGCTGCTACTAAGCACA
ATTCCAAAGGATGGCCTCAAAAGCCAGGCTGCATTTGAAGAAATGAGGACAAATTACATC
AAAGAACTGAGGAAGATGGTAACTAAGTGTCCCAACAATTCTGGGCAGAGCTGGCAGAGG
TTCTACCAACTGACCAAGCTGCTGGACTCCATGCATGACCTGGTGAGCGACCTGCTGGAA
TTCTGCTTCTACACCTTCCGAGAGTCCCATGCGCTGAAGGTAGAGTTCCCCGCAATGCTG
GTGGAGATCATCAGCGACCAGCTGCCCAAGGTGGAGTCGGGGAACGCCAAGCCGCTCTAC
TTCCACCGGAAGTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID M16801 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID NR3C2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:7979 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 6 Locus 4q31.1
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, Glaser TM, Handelin BL, Housman DE, Evans RM: Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):268-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, Poisson E, Lombes M: A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Sep;15(9):1586-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Geller DS, Rodriguez-Soriano J, Vallo Boado A, Schifter S, Bayer M, Chang SS, Lifton RP: Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul;19(3):279-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Alnemri ES, Maksymowych AB, Robertson NM, Litwack G: Overexpression and characterization of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):18072-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Bloem LJ, Guo C, Pratt JH: Identification of a splice variant of the rat and human mineralocorticoid receptor genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;55(2):159-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Zennaro MC, Farman N, Bonvalet JP, Lombes M: Tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta messenger ribonucleic acid isoforms of the human mineralocorticoid receptor in normal and pathological states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1345-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Bruner KL, Derfoul A, Robertson NM, Guerriero G, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES, Litwack G: The unliganded mineralocorticoid receptor is associated with heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and the immunophilin FKBP-52. Recept Signal Transduct. 1997;7(2):85-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Lupo B, Mesnier D, Auzou G: Cysteines 849 and 942 of human mineralocorticoid receptor are crucial for steroid binding. Biochemistry. 1998 Sep 1;37(35):12153-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Mechanistic aspects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1250-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Wurtz JM, Moras D, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crucial role of the H11-H12 loop in stabilizing the active conformation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Aug;14(8):1210-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Odermatt A, Arnold P, Frey FJ: The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):28484-92. Epub 2001 May 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Bledsoe RK, Madauss KP, Holt JA, Apolito CJ, Lambert MH, Pearce KH, Stanley TB, Stewart EL, Trump RP, Willson TM, Williams SP: A ligand-mediated hydrogen bond network required for the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 2;280(35):31283-93. Epub 2005 Jun 20. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Li Y, Suino K, Daugherty J, Xu HE: Structural and biochemical mechanisms for the specificity of hormone binding and coactivator assembly by mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell. 2005 Aug 5;19(3):367-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Fagart J, Huyet J, Pinon GM, Rochel M, Mayer C, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crystal structure of a mutant mineralocorticoid receptor responsible for hypertension. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Jun;12(6):554-5. Epub 2005 May 22. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Tajima T, Kitagawa H, Yokoya S, Tachibana K, Adachi M, Nakae J, Suwa S, Katoh S, Fujieda K: A novel missense mutation of mineralocorticoid receptor gene in one Japanese family with a renal form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4690-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N, Fradley M, Moritz M, Spitzer A, Meinke G, Tsai FT, Sigler PB, Lifton RP: Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy. Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):119-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Arai K, Nakagomi Y, Iketani M, Shimura Y, Amemiya S, Ohyama K, Shibasaki T: Functional polymorphisms in the mineralocorticoid receptor and amirolide-sensitive sodium channel genes in a patient with sporadic pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Genet. 2003 Jan;112(1):91-7. Epub 2002 Oct 25. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Sartorato P, Lapeyraque AL, Armanini D, Kuhnle U, Khaldi Y, Salomon R, Abadie V, Di Battista E, Naselli A, Racine A, Bosio M, Caprio M, Poulet-Young V, Chabrolle JP, Niaudet P, De Gennes C, Lecornec MH, Poisson E, Fusco AM, Loli P, Lombes M, Zennaro MC: Different inactivating mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor in fourteen families affected by type I pseudohypoaldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2508-17. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Riepe FG, Finkeldei J, de Sanctis L, Einaudi S, Testa A, Karges B, Peter M, Viemann M, Grotzinger J, Sippell WG, Fejes-Toth G, Krone N: Elucidating the underlying molecular pathogenesis of NR3C2 mutants causing autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4552-61. Epub 2006 Sep 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Pujo L, Fagart J, Gary F, Papadimitriou DT, Claes A, Jeunemaitre X, Zennaro MC: Mineralocorticoid receptor mutations are the principal cause of renal type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jan;28(1):33-40. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 12985
Enzyme 7 Name Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 7 Gene Name CYP11B1
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 57574
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 9.65
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 7 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 7 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 7 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 64653273 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q4VAQ8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID BC096287 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID Q4VAQ8 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID CYP11B1 Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:2591 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 12986
Enzyme 8 Name cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. HSD3B1, mRNA
Enzyme 8 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75712, highly similar to Homo sapiens hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1
MTGWSCLVTGAGGFLGQRIIRLLVKEKELKEIRVLDKAFGPELREEFSKLQNKTKLTVLE
GDILDEPFLKRACQDVSVIIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVF
IYTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPAPYPHSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGGTL
YTCALRPMYIYGEGSRFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRAL
QDPKKAPSIRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYTLSKEFGLRLDSRWSFPLSLMYWIGFLLEI
VSFLLRPIYTYRPPFNRHIVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSL
VDRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 373
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 42252
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 8.98
Enzyme 8 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 8 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 8 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 158256544 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K691 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K691_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AK291556 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID A8K691 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 8 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 8 General References Not Available
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 13013
Enzyme 9 Name Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. SubName: Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
  2. SubName: Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2, isoform CRA_b
  3. SubName: DJ34F7.3 (Cytochrome P450, subfamily XXIA (Steroid 21-hydroxylase, congenital adrenal hyperplasia), polypeptide 2 (CYP21, P450c21B))
  4. SubName: Steroid 21-hydroxylase
  5. SubName: cDNA, FLJ95495, Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2(CYP21A2), mRNA
Enzyme 9 Gene Name P450-CYP21B
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 56000.9
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 7.90
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • electron carrier activity
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
Enzyme 9 General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Enzyme 9 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 9 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 2347138 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16874 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q16874_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >1488 bp
ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCGGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID AF019413 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID P450-CYP21B Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID P450-CYP21B Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Xie T, Rowen L, Aguado B, Ahearn ME, Madan A, Qin S, Campbell RD, Hood L: Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse. Genome Res. 2003 Dec;13(12):2621-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Blasko B, Banlaki Z, Gyapay G, Pozsonyi E, Sasvari-Szekely M, Rajczy K, Fust G, Szilagyi A: Linkage analysis of the C4A/C4B copy number variation and polymorphisms of the adjacent steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in a healthy population. Mol Immunol. 2009 Aug;46(13):2623-9. Epub 2009 Jun 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 14860
Enzyme 10 Name HSD3B2 protein
Enzyme 10 Synonyms
  1. Hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta-and steroid delta-isomerase 2, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 10 Gene Name HSD3B2
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >HSD3B2 protein
MGWSCLVTGAGGLLGQRIVRLLVEEKELKEIRALDKAFRPELREEFSKLQNRTKLTVLEG
DILDEPFLKRACQDVSVVIHTACIIDVFGVTHRESIMNVNVKGTQLLLEACVQASVPVFI
YTSSIEVAGPNSYKEIIQNGHEEEPLENTWPTPYPYSKKLAEKAVLAANGWNLKNGDTLY
TCALRPTYIYGEGGPFLSASINEALNNNGILSSVGKFSTVNPVYVGNVAWAHILALRALR
DPKKAPSVRGQFYYISDDTPHQSYDNLNYILSKEFGLRLDSRWSLPLTLMYWIGFLLEVV
SFLLSPIYSYQPPFNRHTVTLSNSVFTFSYKKAQRDLAYKPLYSWEEAKQKTVEWVGSLV
DRHKETLKSKTQ
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 372
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 42053
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 8.17
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity
  • intramolecular oxidoreductase activity, transposing C=C bonds
  • isomerase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH-OH group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as acceptor
  • steroid dehydrogenase activity
  • steroid delta-isomerase activity
Process
  • cellular lipid metabolism
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
  • steroid biosynthesis
  • steroid metabolism
Component
Enzyme 10 General Function Cell wall/membrane/envelope biogenesis
Enzyme 10 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 10 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein 124297709 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A2RRA5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1119 bp
ATGGGCTGGAGCTGCCTTGTGACAGGAGCAGGAGGGCTTCTGGGTCAGAGGATCGTCCGC
CTGTTGGTGGAAGAGAAGGAACTGAAGGAGATCAGGGCCTTGGACAAGGCCTTCAGACCA
GAATTGAGAGAGGAATTTTCTAAGCTCCAGAACAGGACCAAGCTGACTGTACTTGAAGGA
GACATTCTGGATGAGCCATTCCTGAAAAGAGCCTGCCAGGACGTCTCGGTCGTCATCCAC
ACCGCCTGTATCATTGATGTCTTTGGTGTCACTCACAGAGAGTCCATCATGAATGTCAAT
GTGAAAGGTACCCAGCTACTGTTGGAGGCCTGTGTCCAAGCCAGTGTGCCAGTCTTCATC
TACACCAGTAGCATAGAGGTAGCCGGGCCCAACTCCTACAAGGAAATCATCCAGAACGGC
CACGAAGAAGAGCCTCTGGAAAACACATGGCCCACTCCATACCCGTACAGCAAAAAGCTT
GCTGAGAAGGCTGTGCTGGCGGCTAATGGGTGGAATCTAAAAAATGGTGATACCTTGTAC
ACTTGTGCGTTAAGACCCACATATATCTATGGGGAAGGAGGCCCATTCCTTTCTGCCAGT
ATAAATGAGGCCCTGAACAACAATGGGATCCTGTCAAGTGTTGGAAAGTTCTCTACAGTC
AACCCAGTCTATGTTGGCAACGTGGCCTGGGCCCACATTCTGGCCTTGAGGGCTCTGCGG
GACCCCAAGAAGGCCCCAAGTGTCCGAGGTCAATTCTATTACATCTCAGATGACACGCCT
CACCAAAGCTATGATAACCTTAATTACATCCTGAGCAAAGAGTTTGGCCTCCGCCTTGAT
TCCAGATGGAGCCTTCCTTTAACCCTGATGTACTGGATTGGCTTCCTGCTGGAAGTAGTG
AGCTTCCTACTCAGCCCAATTTACTCCTATCAACCCCCCTTCAACCGCCACACAGTCACA
TTATCAAATAGTGTGTTCACCTTCTCTTACAAGAAGGCTCAGCGAGATCTGGCGTATAAG
CCACTCTACAGCTGGGAGGAAGCCAAGCAGAAAACCGTGGAGTGGGTTGGTTCCCTTGTG
GACCGGCACAAGGAGACCCTGAAGTCCAAGACTCAGTGA
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID BC131488 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID A2RRA5 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 15062
Enzyme 11 Name Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
Enzyme 11 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Name CYP21A2
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLQSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 495
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 55972.9
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 7.68
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • electron carrier activity
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
Enzyme 11 General Function Involved in monooxygenase activity
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 11 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein 115528435 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q08AG9 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q08AG9_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >1488 bp
ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCAGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID BC125181 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID CYP21A2 Link Image
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID HGNC:2600 Link Image
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 11 Locus 6p21.3
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 16423
Enzyme 12 Name Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
Enzyme 12 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Name CYP11B2
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 503
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 57561
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 9.78
Enzyme 12 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • tetrapyrrole binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 12 General Function Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 12 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B0ZBE4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID EU326306 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID B0ZBE4 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References Not Available
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available