Showing metabocard for Selenocysteine (HMDB0003288)

General function:

Involved in nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity

Specific function:

Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. Possesses nucleoside-diphosphate kinase, serine/threonine-specific protein kinase, geranyl and farnesyl pyrophosphate kinase, histidine protein kinase and 3'-5' exonuclease activities. Involved in cell proliferation, differentiation and development, signal transduction, G protein-coupled receptor endocytosis, and gene expression. Required for neural development including neural patterning and cell fate determination.

Gene Name:

NME1

Uniprot ID:

P15531

Molecular weight:

17148.635

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Isoform 1 may possess glutaredoxin activity as well as thioredoxin reductase activity and induces actin and tubulin polymerization, leading to formation of cell membrane protrusions. Isoform 4 enhances the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors alpha and beta while isoform 5 enhances the transcriptional activity of the beta receptor only. Isoform 5 also mediates cell death induced by a combination of interferon-beta and retinoic acid.

Gene Name:

TXNRD1

Uniprot ID:

Q16881

Molecular weight:

70905.58

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Maintains thioredoxin in a reduced state. Implicated in the defenses against oxidative stress. May play a role in redox-regulated cell signaling.

Gene Name:

TXNRD2

Uniprot ID:

Q9NNW7

Molecular weight:

56506.275

General function:

Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the last step in the trans-sulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure. Acts as a cysteine-protein sulfhydrase by mediating sulfhydration of target proteins: sulfhydration consists of converting -SH groups into -SSH on specific cysteine residues of target proteins such as GAPDH, PTPN1 and NF-kappa-B subunit RELA, thereby regulating their function.

Gene Name:

CTH

Uniprot ID:

P32929

Molecular weight:

41259.91

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Synthesizes selenophosphate from selenide and ATP.

Gene Name:

SEPHS2

Uniprot ID:

Q99611

Molecular weight:

47304.695

General function:

Involved in glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific function:

Protects the hemoglobin in erythrocytes from oxidative breakdown.

Gene Name:

GPX1

Uniprot ID:

P07203

Molecular weight:

22087.94

General function:

Involved in glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific function:

Protects cells against membrane lipid peroxidation and cell death. Required for normal sperm development and male fertility. Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested lipid hydroperoxides. Essential for embryonic development. Protects from radiation and oxidative damage (By similarity).

Gene Name:

GPX4

Uniprot ID:

P36969

Molecular weight:

25046.57

General function:

Involved in glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific function:

Protects cells and enzymes from oxidative damage, by catalyzing the reduction of hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxides and organic hydroperoxide, by glutathione.

Gene Name:

GPX3

Uniprot ID:

P22352

Molecular weight:

25552.185

General function:

Involved in glutathione peroxidase activity

Specific function:

Could play a major role in protecting mammals from the toxicity of ingested organic hydroperoxides. Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide and linoleic acid hydroperoxide but not phosphatidycholine hydroperoxide, can act as acceptors.

Gene Name:

GPX2

Uniprot ID:

P18283

Molecular weight:

21953.835

General function:

Involved in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase activity

Specific function:

Responsible for the deiodination of T4 (3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine) into T3 (3,5,3'-triiodothyronine) and of T3 into T2 (3,3'-diiodothyronine). Plays a role in providing a source of plasma T3 by deiodination of T4 in peripheral tissues such as liver and kidney.

Gene Name:

DIO1

Uniprot ID:

P49895

Molecular weight:

28924.21