Showing metabocard for Androstenedione (HMDB00053)

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the conversion of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. Catalyzes the reduction of prostaglandin (PG) D2, PGH2 and phenanthrenequinone (PQ) and the oxidation of 9-alpha,11-beta-PGF2 to PGD2. Functions as a bi-directional 3-alpha-, 17-beta- and 20-alpha HSD. Can interconvert active androgens, estrogens and progestins with their cognate inactive metabolites. Preferentially transforms androstenedione (4-dione) to testosterone.

Gene Name:

AKR1C3

Uniprot ID:

P42330

Molecular weight:

36866.91

Reactions

References

1. Amin SA, Huang CC, Reierstad S, Lin Z, Arbieva Z, Wiley E, Saborian H, Haynes B, Cotterill H, Dowsett M, Bulun SE: Paracrine-stimulated gene expression profile favors estradiol production in breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2006 Jul 11;253(1-2):44-55. Epub 2006 Jun 2. [PubMed:16735089 ]

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Has steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase activity. In addition to this activity, the 18 or 19-hydroxylation of steroids and the aromatization of androstendione to estrone have also been ascribed to cytochrome P450 XIB.

Gene Name:

CYP11B1

Uniprot ID:

P15538

Molecular weight:

57572.44

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Capable of catalyzing the interconversion of testosterone and androstenedione, as well as estradiol and estrone. Also has 20-alpha-HSD activity. Uses NADH while EDH17B3 uses NADPH.

Gene Name:

HSD17B2

Uniprot ID:

P37059

Molecular weight:

42784.75

Reactions

References

1. Su EJ, Cheng YH, Chatterton RT, Lin ZH, Yin P, Reierstad S, Innes J, Bulun SE: Regulation of 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 in human placental endothelial cells. Biol Reprod. 2007 Sep;77(3):517-25. Epub 2007 May 30. [PubMed:17538076 ]

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

NAD-dependent 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase with highest activity towards estradiol. Has very low activity towards testosterone. The heteroteramer with CBR4 has NADH-dependent 3-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein reductase activity. May play a role in biosynthesis of fatty acids in mitochondria.

Gene Name:

HSD17B8

Uniprot ID:

Q92506

Molecular weight:

26973.56

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Efficiently catalyzes the reduction of progesterone, androstenedione, 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone and testosterone to 5-beta-reduced metabolites. The bile acid intermediates 7-alpha,12-alpha-dihydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one and 7-alpha-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one can also act as substrates.

Gene Name:

AKR1D1

Uniprot ID:

P51857

Molecular weight:

32889.38

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Converts testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology.

Gene Name:

SRD5A2

Uniprot ID:

P31213

Molecular weight:

28407.035

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Converts testosterone into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone and progesterone or corticosterone into their corresponding 5-alpha-3-oxosteroids. It plays a central role in sexual differentiation and androgen physiology.

Gene Name:

SRD5A1

Uniprot ID:

P18405

Molecular weight:

29458.18

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Favors the reduction of androstenedione to testosterone. Uses NADPH while the two other EDH17B enzymes use NADH.

Gene Name:

HSD17B3

Uniprot ID:

P37058

Molecular weight:

34515.345

Reactions

References

1. Lindqvist A, Hughes IA, Andersson S: Substitution mutation C268Y causes 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 3 deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):921-3. [PubMed:11158067 ]

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.

Gene Name:

CYP3A4

Uniprot ID:

P08684

Molecular weight:

57255.585

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.

Gene Name:

CYP2C9

Uniprot ID:

P11712

Molecular weight:

55627.365

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.

Gene Name:

CYP2C19

Uniprot ID:

P33261

Molecular weight:

55944.565

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Conversion of pregnenolone and progesterone to their 17-alpha-hydroxylated products and subsequently to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione. Catalyzes both the 17-alpha-hydroxylation and the 17,20-lyase reaction. Involved in sexual development during fetal life and at puberty.

Gene Name:

CYP17A1

Uniprot ID:

P05093

Molecular weight:

57369.995

Reactions

References

1. Sherbet DP, Tiosano D, Kwist KM, Hochberg Z, Auchus RJ: CYP17 mutation E305G causes isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency by selectively altering substrate binding. J Biol Chem. 2003 Dec 5;278(49):48563-9. Epub 2003 Sep 22. [PubMed:14504283 ]

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.

Gene Name:

CYP2E1

Uniprot ID:

P05181

Molecular weight:

56848.42

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Exhibits low testosterone 6-beta-hydroxylase activity.

Gene Name:

CYP3A43

Uniprot ID:

Q9HB55

Molecular weight:

57756.285

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Participates in the metabolism of an as-yet-unknown biologically active molecule that is a participant in eye development.

Gene Name:

CYP1B1

Uniprot ID:

Q16678

Molecular weight:

60845.33

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP2C18

Uniprot ID:

P33260

Molecular weight:

55710.075

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

May be involved in the metabolism of various pneumotoxicants including naphthalene. Is able to dealkylate ethoxycoumarin, propoxycoumarin, and pentoxyresorufin but possesses no activity toward ethoxyresorufin and only trace dearylation activity toward benzyloxyresorufin. Bioactivates 3-methylindole (3MI) by dehydrogenation to the putative electrophile 3-methylene-indolenine.

Gene Name:

CYP2F1

Uniprot ID:

P24903

Molecular weight:

55500.64

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CYP4X1

Uniprot ID:

Q8N118

Molecular weight:

58874.62

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.

Gene Name:

CYP2B6

Uniprot ID:

P20813

Molecular weight:

56277.81

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP3A5

Uniprot ID:

P20815

Molecular weight:

57108.065

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Exhibits a coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Active in the metabolic activation of hexamethylphosphoramide, N,N-dimethylaniline, 2'-methoxyacetophenone, N-nitrosomethylphenylamine, and the tobacco-specific carcinogen, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone. Possesses phenacetin O-deethylation activity.

Gene Name:

CYP2A13

Uniprot ID:

Q16696

Molecular weight:

56687.095

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP3A7

Uniprot ID:

P24462

Molecular weight:

57525.03

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP4B1

Uniprot ID:

P13584

Molecular weight:

58990.64

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CYP4Z1

Uniprot ID:

Q86W10

Molecular weight:

59085.45

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.

Gene Name:

CYP1A2

Uniprot ID:

P05177

Molecular weight:

58406.915

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.

Gene Name:

CYP19A1

Uniprot ID:

P11511

Molecular weight:

57882.48

References

1. Paynter RA, Hankinson SE, Colditz GA, Kraft P, Hunter DJ, De Vivo I: CYP19 (aromatase) haplotypes and endometrial cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2005 Aug 20;116(2):267-74. [PubMed:15800924 ]

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).

Gene Name:

CYP2C8

Uniprot ID:

P10632

Molecular weight:

55824.275

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Has a potential importance for extrahepatic xenobiotic metabolism.

Gene Name:

CYP2S1

Uniprot ID:

Q96SQ9

Molecular weight:

55816.205

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

This enzyme metabolizes arachidonic acid predominantly via a NADPH-dependent olefin epoxidation to all four regioisomeric cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. One of the predominant enzymes responsible for the epoxidation of endogenous cardiac arachidonic acid pools.

Gene Name:

CYP2J2

Uniprot ID:

P51589

Molecular weight:

57610.165

General function:

Secondary metabolites biosynthesis, transport and catabolism

Specific function:

Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.

Gene Name:

CYP2A7

Uniprot ID:

P20853

Molecular weight:

56424.735

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.

Gene Name:

CYP2A6

Uniprot ID:

P11509

Molecular weight:

56517.005

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3

Gene Name:

AR

Uniprot ID:

P10275

Molecular weight:

98987.9

General function:

Involved in hormone activity

Specific function:

May function as part of a signaling pathway that acts to regulate the size of the body fat depot. An increase in the level of LEP may act directly or indirectly on the CNS to inhibit food intake and/or regulate energy expenditure as part of a homeostatic mechanism to maintain constancy of the adipose mass

Gene Name:

LEP

Uniprot ID:

P41159

Molecular weight:

18640.4

References

1. Casabiell X, Pineiro V, Vega F, De La Cruz LF, Dieguez C, Casanueva FF: Leptin, reproduction and sex steroids. Pituitary. 2001 Jan-Apr;4(1-2):93-9. [PubMed:11824514 ]

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

NAD-dependent oxidoreductase with broad substrate specificity that shows both oxidative and reductive activity (in vitro). Has 17-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards various steroids (in vitro). Converts 5-alpha-androstan-3-alpha,17-beta-diol to androsterone and estradiol to estrone (in vitro). Has 3-alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity towards androsterone (in vitro). Has retinol dehydrogenase activity towards all-trans-retinol (in vitro). Can convert androsterone to epi-androsterone. Androsterone is first oxidized to 5-alpha-androstane-3,17-dione and then reduced to epi-andosterone. Can act on both C-19 and C-21 3-alpha-hydroxysteroids.

Gene Name:

HSD17B6

Uniprot ID:

O14756

Molecular weight:

35965.41

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids. Efficiently catalyzes the transformation of pregnenolone to progesterone, 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone to 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, DHEA to 4-androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone to 5-alpha-androstane-3 beta,17 beta-diol, dehydroepiandrosterone to androstenedione and 5-alpha-androstan-3 beta,17 beta-diol to 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone.

Gene Name:

HSD3B1

Uniprot ID:

P14060

Molecular weight:

42251.25

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3-beta-hydroxy-delta5-steroid dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

3-beta-HSD is a bifunctional enzyme, that catalyzes the oxidative conversion of Delta(5)-ene-3-beta-hydroxy steroid, and the oxidative conversion of ketosteroids. The 3-beta-HSD enzymatic system plays a crucial role in the biosynthesis of all classes of hormonal steroids.

Gene Name:

HSD3B2

Uniprot ID:

P26439

Molecular weight:

42051.845

Reactions

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Preferentially catalyzes the conversion of 11-deoxycorticosterone to aldosterone via corticosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone.

Gene Name:

CYP11B2

Uniprot ID:

P19099

Molecular weight:

57559.62

Reactions

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CYP1A1

Uniprot ID:

A0N0X8

Molecular weight:

58164.8

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

HSD17B3

Uniprot ID:

Q6FH62

Molecular weight:

34515.3

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

Not Available

Uniprot ID:

Q8TDD0

Molecular weight:

57604.5

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CYP17A1

Uniprot ID:

Q1HB44

Molecular weight:

57370.0

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Specific function:

Plays a key role in early steps of protein N-linked glycosylation by being required for the conversion of polyprenol into dolichol. Dolichols are required for the synthesis of dolichol-linked monosaccharides and the oligosaccharide precursor used for N-glycosylation. Acts as a polyprenol reductase that promotes the reduction of the alpha-isoprene unit of polyprenols into dolichols in a NADP-dependent mechanism. Also able to convert testosterone (T) into 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT).

Gene Name:

SRD5A3

Uniprot ID:

Q9H8P0

Molecular weight:

36521.005

Reactions

General function:

Involved in monooxygenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

CYP2D6

Uniprot ID:

Q6NWU0

Molecular weight:

55729.9