1. 3-Ketobutyrate
2. 3-Oxo-butanoate
3. 3-Oxo-butanoic acid
4. 3-Oxobutyrate
5. 3-Oxobutyric acid
6. Acetoacetate
7. diacetate
8. diacetic acid
9. 3-Ketobutyric acid

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• Cytoplasm
• Extracellular
• mitochondria
• peroxisome

• Blood
• Cellular Cytoplasm
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 125853 (Diabetes mellitus type 2)
• 606777 (Glucose transporter type 1 deficiency syndrome)

1. Heller MJ, Adams PW, Orosz CG: Evaluation of an automated method of percent reactive antibody determination. Hum Immunol. 1992 Nov;35(3):179-87. [PubMed ]
2. Zupke C, Sinskey AJ, Stephanopoulos G: Intracellular flux analysis applied to the effect of dissolved oxygen on hybridomas. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1995 Dec;44(1-2):27-36. [PubMed ]
3. Subramanian A, Gupta A, Saxena S, Gupta A, Kumar R, Nigam A, Kumar R, Mandal SK, Roy R: Proton MR CSF analysis and a new software as predictors for the differentiation of meningitis in children. NMR Biomed. 2005 Jun;18(4):213-25. [PubMed ]
4. Tasker RC, Lutman D, Peters MJ: Hyperventilation in severe diabetic ketoacidosis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005 Jul;6(4):405-11. [PubMed ]
5. Oligny LL, Lough J: Hepatic sinusoidal ectasia. Hum Pathol. 1992 Aug;23(8):953-6. [PubMed ]
6. Nicholson JK, O'Flynn MP, Sadler PJ, Macleod AF, Juul SM, Sonksen PH: Proton-nuclear-magnetic-resonance studies of serum, plasma and urine from fasting normal and diabetic subjects. Biochem J. 1984 Jan 15;217(2):365-75. [PubMed ]
7. Galey JB, Destree O, Dumats J, Genard S, Tachon P: Protection against oxidative damage by iron chelators: effect of lipophilic analogues and prodrugs of N,N'-bis(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)ethylenediamine- N,N'-diacetic acid (OR10141). J Med Chem. 2000 Apr 6;43(7):1418-21. [PubMed ]
8. Saibara T, Onishi S, Sone J, Yamamoto N, Shimahara Y, Mori K, Ozawa K, Yamamoto Y: Arterial ketone body ratio as a possible indicator for liver transplantation in fulminant hepatic failure. Transplantation. 1991 Apr;51(4):782-6. [PubMed ]
9. Mahowald ML, Handwerger BS, Capertone EM Jr, Douglas SD: A comparative study of procedures for sheep erythrocyte-human-T-lymphocyte rosette formation. J Immunol Methods. 1977;15(3):239-45. [PubMed ]
10. Hoffmann GF, Meier-Augenstein W, Stockler S, Surtees R, Rating D, Nyhan WL: Physiology and pathophysiology of organic acids in cerebrospinal fluid. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1993;16(4):648-69. [PubMed ]
11. Sato T, Oouchi M, Nagakubo H, Chiba T, Ogawa S, Sato C, Sugimura K, Fukuda M: Effect of pravastatin on plasma ketone bodies in diabetics with hypercholesterolemia. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1998 May;185(1):25-9. [PubMed ]
12. Nicholson JK, Foxall PJ, Spraul M, Farrant RD, Lindon JC: 750 MHz 1H and 1H-13C NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma. Anal Chem. 1995 Mar 1;67(5):793-811. [PubMed ]
13. Krejsa CM, Schieven GL: Detection of oxidative stress in lymphocytes using dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Methods Mol Biol. 2000;99:35-47. [PubMed ]
14. Fritzsche I, Buhrdel P, Melcher R, Bohme HJ: Stability of ketone bodies in serum in dependence on storage time and storage temperature. Clin Lab. 2001;47(7-8):399-403. [PubMed ]
15. Polsky-Fisher SL, Cao H, Lu P, Gibson CR: Effect of cytochromes P450 chemical inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies on human liver microsomal esterase activity. Drug Metab Dispos. 2006 Aug;34(8):1361-6. Epub 2006 May 23. [PubMed ]
16. Fulop M, Murthy V, Michilli A, Nalamati J, Qian Q, Saitowitz A: Serum beta-hydroxybutyrate measurement in patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus. Arch Intern Med. 1999 Feb 22;159(4):381-4. [PubMed ]
17. Tanaka Y, Ohdan H, Onoe T, Mitsuta H, Tashiro H, Itamoto T, Asahara T: Low incidence of acute rejection after living-donor liver transplantation: immunologic analyses by mixed lymphocyte reaction using a carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester labeling technique. Transplantation. 2005 May 15;79(9):1262-7. [PubMed ]
18. Bales JR, Higham DP, Howe I, Nicholson JK, Sadler PJ: Use of high-resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for rapid multi-component analysis of urine. Clin Chem. 1984 Mar;30(3):426-32. [PubMed ]
19. de Araujo Burgos MG, Bion FM, Campos F: [Lactation and alcohol: clinical and nutritional effects] Arch Latinoam Nutr. 2004 Mar;54(1):25-35. [PubMed ]
20. Walker V, Mills GA, Mellor JM, Langley GJ, Farrant RD: A novel pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid and acetoacetic acid adduct in hyperprolinaemia type II. Clin Chim Acta. 2003 May;331(1-2):7-17. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA lyase, mitochondrial
2. Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
3. D-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
4. Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 1, mitochondrial
5. Fumarylacetoacetase
6. Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid-coenzyme A transferase 2, mitochondrial
7. Hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase, mitochondrial
8. Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase
9. Probable 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase 2
10. 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2
11. cDNA, FLJ94596, Homo sapiens fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (fumarylacetoacetase)(FAH), mRNA (Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (Fumarylacetoacetase), isoform CRA_a)

1. HL
2. HMG-CoA lyase
3. 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate-CoA lyase

MAAMRKALPRRLVGLASLRAVSTSSMGTLPKRVKIVEVGPRDGLQNEKNIVSTPVKIKLI
DMLSEAGLSVIETTSFVSPKWVPQMGDHTEVLKGIQKFPGINYPVLTPNLKGFEAAVAAG
AKEVVIFGAASELFTKKNINCSIEESFQRFDAILKAAQSANISVRGYVSCALGCPYEGKI
SPAKVAEVTKKFYSMGCYEISLGDTIGVGTPGIMKDMLSAVMQEVPLAALAVHCHDTYGQ
ALANTLMALQMGVSVVDSSVAGLGGCPYAQGASGNLATEDLVYMLEGLGIHTGVNLQKLL
EAGNFICQALNRKTSSKVAQATCKL

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies (map00072 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + acetoacetate [RN:R01360]

• HMGL-like (PF00682 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAGCAATGAGGAAGGCGCTTCCGCGGCGACTGGTGGGCTTGGCGTCCCTCCGGGCT
GTCAGCACCTCATCTATGGGCACTTTACCAAAGCGGGTGAAAATTGTGGAAGTTGGTCCC
CGAGATGGACTACAAAATGAAAAGAATATCGTATCTACTCCAGTGAAAATCAAGCTGATA
GACATGCTTTCTGAAGCAGGACTCTCTGTTATAGAAACCACCAGCTTTGTGTCTCCTAAG
TGGGTTCCCCAGATGGGTGACCACACTGAAGTCTTGAAGGGCATTCAGAAGTTTCCTGGC
ATCAACTACCCAGTCCTGACCCCAAATTTGAAAGGCTTCGAGGCAGCGGTTGCTGCTGGA
GCCAAGGAAGTAGTCATCTTTGGAGCTGCCTCAGAGCTCTTCACCAAGAAGAACATCAAT
TGTTCCATAGAGGAGAGTTTTCAGAGGTTTGACGCAATCCTGAAGGCAGCGCAGTCAGCC
AATATTTCTGTGCGGGGGTACGTCTCCTGTGCTCTTGGCTGCCCTTATGAAGGGAAGATC
TCCCCAGCTAAAGTAGCTGAGGTCACCAAGAAGTTCTACTCAATGGGCTGCTACGAGATC
TCCCTGGGGGACACCATTGGTGTGGGCACCCCAGGGATCATGAAAGACATGCTGTCTGCT
GTCATGCAGGAAGTGCCTCTGGCTGCCCTGGCTGTCCACTGCCATGACACCTATGGTCAA
GCCCTGGCCAACACCTTGATGGCCCTGCAGATGGGAGTGAGTGTCGTGGACTCTTCTGTG
GCAGGACTTGGAGGCTGTCCCTACGCACAGGGGGCATCAGGAAACTTGGCCACAGAAGAC
CTGGTCTACATGCTAGAGGGCTTGGGCATTCACACGGGTGTGAATCTCCAGAAGCTTCTG
GAAGCTGGAAACTTTATCTGTCAAGCCCTGAACAGAAAAACTAGCTCCAAAGTGGCTCAG
GCTACCTGTAAACTCTGA

1. Mitchell GA, Robert MF, Hruz PW, Wang S, Fontaine G, Behnke CE, Mende-Mueller LM, Schappert K, Lee C, Gibson KM, et al.: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase (HL). Cloning of human and chicken liver HL cDNAs and characterization of a mutation causing human HL deficiency. J Biol Chem. 1993 Feb 25;268(6):4376-81. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
3. Wang SP, Robert MF, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Mitchell GA: 3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL): mouse and human HL gene (HMGCL) cloning and detection of large gene deletions in two unrelated HL-deficient patients. Genomics. 1996 Apr 1;33(1):99-104. [PubMed ]
4. Tuinstra RL, Miziorko HM: Investigation of conserved acidic residues in 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase: implications for human disease and for functional roles in a family of related proteins. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 26;278(39):37092-8. Epub 2003 Jul 21. [PubMed ]
5. Tuinstra RL, Wang CZ, Mitchell GA, Miziorko HM: Evaluation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase arginine-41 as a catalytic residue: use of acetyldithio-coenzyme A to monitor product enolization. Biochemistry. 2004 May 11;43(18):5287-95. [PubMed ]
6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
7. Fu Z, Runquist JA, Forouhar F, Hussain M, Hunt JF, Miziorko HM, Kim JJ: Crystal structure of human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA Lyase: insights into catalysis and the molecular basis for hydroxymethylglutaric aciduria. J Biol Chem. 2006 Mar 17;281(11):7526-32. Epub 2005 Dec 5. [PubMed ]
8. Roberts JR, Mitchell GA, Miziorko HM: Modeling of a mutation responsible for human 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase deficiency implicates histidine 233 as an active site residue. J Biol Chem. 1996 Oct 4;271(40):24604-9. [PubMed ]
9. Mitchell GA, Ozand PT, Robert MF, Ashmarina L, Roberts J, Gibson KM, Wanders RJ, Wang S, Chevalier I, Plochl E, Miziorko H: HMG CoA lyase deficiency: identification of five causal point mutations in codons 41 and 42, including a frequent Saudi Arabian mutation, R41Q. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Feb;62(2):295-300. [PubMed ]
10. Zapater N, Pie J, Lloberas J, Rolland MO, Leroux B, Vidailhet M, Divry P, Hegardt FG, Casals N: Two missense point mutations in different alleles in the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A lyase gene produce 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria in a French patient. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Oct 15;358(2):197-203. [PubMed ]
11. Muroi J, Yorifuji T, Uematsu A, Shigematsu Y, Onigata K, Maruyama H, Nobutoki T, Kitamura A, Nakahata T: Molecular and clinical analysis of Japanese patients with 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl CoA lyase (HL) deficiency. Hum Genet. 2000 Oct;107(4):320-6. [PubMed ]
12. Casals N, Gomez-Puertas P, Pie J, Mir C, Roca R, Puisac B, Aledo R, Clotet J, Menao S, Serra D, Asins G, Till J, Elias-Jones AC, Cresto JC, Chamoles NA, Abdenur JE, Mayatepek E, Besley G, Valencia A, Hegardt FG: Structural (betaalpha)8 TIM barrel model of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A lyase. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 1;278(31):29016-23. Epub 2003 May 13. [PubMed ]
13. Mir C, Lopez-Vinas E, Aledo R, Puisac B, Rizzo C, Dionisi-Vici C, Deodato F, Pie J, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Casals N: A single-residue mutation, G203E, causes 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria by occluding the substrate channel in the 3D structural model of HMG-CoA lyase. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Feb;29(1):64-70. [PubMed ]
14. Carrasco P, Menao S, Lopez-Vinas E, Santpere G, Clotet J, Sierra AY, Gratacos E, Puisac B, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Pie J, Casals N: C-terminal end and aminoacid Lys48 in HMG-CoA lyase are involved in substrate binding and enzyme activity. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Jun;91(2):120-7. Epub 2007 Apr 24. [PubMed ]
15. Menao S, Lopez-Vinas E, Mir C, Puisac B, Gratacos E, Arnedo M, Carrasco P, Moreno S, Ramos M, Gil MC, Pie A, Ribes A, Perez-Cerda C, Ugarte M, Clayton PT, Korman SH, Serra D, Asins G, Ramos FJ, Gomez-Puertas P, Hegardt FG, Casals N, Pie J: Ten novel HMGCL mutations in 24 patients of different origin with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric aciduria. Hum Mutat. 2009 Mar;30(3):E520-9. [PubMed ]

1. ALDH class 2
2. ALDH-E2
3. ALDHI

MLRAAARFGPRLGRRLLSAAATQAVPAPNQQPEVFCNQIFINNEWHDAVSRKTFPTVNPS
TGEVICQVAEGDKEDVDKAVKAARAAFQLGSPWRRMDASHRGRLLNRLADLIERDRTYLA
ALETLDNGKPYVISYLVDLDMVLKCLRYYAGWADKYHGKTIPIDGDFFSYTRHEPVGVCG
QIIPWNFPLLMQAWKLGPALATGNVVVMKVAEQTPLTALYVANLIKEAGFPPGVVNIVPG
FGPTAGAAIASHEDVDKVAFTGSTEIGRVIQVAAGSSNLKRVTLELGGKSPNIIMSDADM
DWAVEQAHFALFFNQGQCCCAGSRTFVQEDIYDEFVERSVARAKSRVVGNPFDSKTEQGP
QVDETQFKKILGYINTGKQEGAKLLCGGGIAADRGYFIQPTVFGDVQDGMTIAKEEIFGP
VMQILKFKTIEEVVGRANNSTYGLAAAVFTKDLDKANYLSQALQAGTVWVNCYDVFGAQS
PFGGYKMSGSGRELGEYGLQAYTEVKTVTVKVPQKNS

• 1,2-Dichloroethane degradation (map00631 )
• Arginine and Proline Metabolism (map00330 )
• Ascorbate and aldarate metabolism (map00053 )
• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Bile Acid Biosynthesis (map00120 )
• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Fatty Acid Metabolism (map00071 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Histidine Metabolism (map00340 )
• Limonene and pinene degradation (map00903 )
• Lysine Degradation (map00310 )
• Propanoate Metabolism (map00640 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )
• Tryptophan Metabolism (map00380 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]

• Aldedh (PF00171 )

• None

• None

ATGTTGCGCGCTGCCGCCGCTCGGGCCCCGCCTGGCCGCCGCCTCTTGTCAGCCGCCGCC
ACCCAGGCCGTGCCTGCCCCCAACCAGCAGCCCGAGGTCTTCTGCAACCAGATTTTCATA
AACAATGAATGGCACGATGCCGTCAGCAGGAAAACATTCCCCACCGTCAATCCGTCCACT
GGAGAGGTCATCTGTCAGGTAGCTGAAGGGGACAAGGAAGATGTGGACAAGGCACGTGAA
GGCCGCCCGGGCGCCTTCCAGCTGGGCTCACCTTGGCGCCGCATGGACGCATCACACAGC
GGCCGGCTGCTGAACCGCCTGGCCGATCTGATCGAGCGGGACCGGACCTACCTGGCGGCC
TTGGAGACCCTGGACAATGGCAAGCCCTATGTCATCTCCTACCTGGTGGATTTGGACATG
GTCCTCAAATGTCTCCGGTATTATGCCGGCTGGGCTGATAAGTACCACGGGAAAACCATC
CCCATTGACGGAGACTTCTTCAGCTACACACGCCATGAACCTGTGGGGGTGTGCGGGCAG
ATCATTCCGTGGAATTTCCCGCTCCTGATGCAAGCATGGAAGCTGGGCCCAGCCTTGGCA
ACTGGAAACGTGGTTGTGATGAAGGTAGCTGAGCAGACACCCCTCACCGCCCTCTATGTG
GCCAACCTGATCAAGGAGGCTGGCTTTCCCCCTGGTGTGGTCAACATTGTGCCTGGATTT
GGCCCCACGGCTGGGGCCGCCATTGCCTCCCATGAGGATGTGGACAAAGTGGCATTCACA
GGCTCCACTGAGATTGGCCGCGTAATCCAGGTTGCTGCTGGGAGCAGCAACCTCAAGAGA
GTGACCTTGGAGCTGGGGGGGAAGAGCCCCAACATCATCATGTCAGATGCCGATATGGAT
TGGGCCGTGGAACAGGCCCACTTCGCCCTGTTCTTCAACCAGGGCCAGTGCTGCTGTGCC
GGCTCCCGGACCTTCGTGCAGGAGGACATCTATGATGAGTTTGTGGTGCGGAGCGTTGCC
CGGGCCAAGTCTCGGGTGGTCGGGAACCCCTTTGATAGCAAGACCGAGCAGGGGCCGCAG
GTGGATGAAACTCAGTTTAAGAAGATCCTCGGCTACATCAACACGGGGAAGCAAGAGGGG
GCGAAGCTGCTGTGTGGTGGGGGCATTGCTGCTGACCGTGGTTACTTCATCCAGCCCACT
GTGTTTGGAGATGTGCAGGATGGCATGACCATCGCCAAGGAGGAGATCTTCGGGCCAGTG
ATGCAGATCCTGAAGTTCAAGACCATAGAGGAGGTTGTTGGGAGAGCCAACAATTCCACG
TACGGGCTGGCCGCAGCTGTCTTCACAAAGGATTTGGACAAGGCCAATTACCTGTCCCAG
GCCCTCCAGGCGGGCACTGTGTGGGTCAACTGCTATGATGTGTTTGGAGCCCAGTCACCC
TTTGGTGGCTACAAGATGTCGGGGAGTGGCCGGGAGTTGGGCGAGTACGGGCTGCAGGCA
TACACTGAAGTGAAAACTGTCACAGTCAAAGTGCCTCAGAAGAACTCATAA

1. Braun T, Bober E, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Evidence for a signal peptide at the amino-terminal end of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. FEBS Lett. 1987 May 11;215(2):233-6. [PubMed ]
2. Braun T, Bober E, Singh S, Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Isolation and sequence analysis of a full length cDNA clone coding for human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Apr 10;15(7):3179. [PubMed ]
3. Hsu LC, Bendel RE, Yoshida A: Genomic structure of the human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase gene. Genomics. 1988 Jan;2(1):57-65. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Hempel J, Kaiser R, Jornvall H: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase from human liver. Primary structure, differences in relation to the cytosolic enzyme, and functional correlations. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Nov 15;153(1):13-28. [PubMed ]
6. Hsu LC, Tani K, Fujiyoshi T, Kurachi K, Yoshida A: Cloning of cDNAs for human aldehyde dehydrogenases 1 and 2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jun;82(11):3771-5. [PubMed ]
7. Yoshida A, Ikawa M, Hsu LC, Tani K: Molecular abnormality and cDNA cloning of human aldehyde dehydrogenases. Alcohol. 1985 Jan-Feb;2(1):103-6. [PubMed ]
8. Aboulaich N, Vainonen JP, Stralfors P, Vener AV: Vectorial proteomics reveal targeting, phosphorylation and specific fragmentation of polymerase I and transcript release factor (PTRF) at the surface of caveolae in human adipocytes. Biochem J. 2004 Oct 15;383(Pt 2):237-48. [PubMed ]
9. Agarwal DP, Goedde HW: Human aldehyde dehydrogenase isozymes and alcohol sensitivity. Isozymes Curr Top Biol Med Res. 1987;16:21-48. [PubMed ]
10. Hempel J, Hoog JO, Jornvall H: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase. Homology of putative targeting sequence to that of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I revealed by correlation of cDNA and protein data. FEBS Lett. 1987 Sep 28;222(1):95-8. [PubMed ]
11. Ni L, Zhou J, Hurley TD, Weiner H: Human liver mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase: three-dimensional structure and the restoration of solubility and activity of chimeric forms. Protein Sci. 1999 Dec;8(12):2784-90. [PubMed ]
12. Yoshida A, Huang IY, Ikawa M: Molecular abnormality of an inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase variant commonly found in Orientals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(1):258-61. [PubMed ]
13. Novoradovsky A, Tsai SJ, Goldfarb L, Peterson R, Long JC, Goldman D: Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase polymorphism in Asian and American Indian populations: detection of new ALDH2 alleles. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1995 Oct;19(5):1105-10. [PubMed ]

1. BDH
2. 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

MLATRLSRPLSRLPGKTLSACDRENGARRPLLLGSTSFIPIGRRTYASAAEPVGSKAVLV
TGCDSGFGFSLAKHLHSKGFLVFAGCLMKDKGHDGVKELDSLNSDRLRTVQLNVCSSEEV
EKVVEIVRSSLKDPEKGMWGLVNNAGISTFGEVEFTSLETYKQVAEVNLWGTVRMTKSFL
PLIRRAKGRVVNISSMLGRMANPARSPYCITKFGVEAFSDCLRYEMYPLGVKVSVVEPGN
FIAATSLYSPESIQAIAKKMWEELPEVVRKDYGKKYFDEKIAKMETYCSSGSTDTSPVID
AVTHALTATTPYTRYHPMDYYWWLRMQIMTHLPGAISDMIYIR

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies (map00072 )

• (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01361]

• adh_short (PF00106 )

• None

• None

ATGCTGGCCACCCGCCTCTCCAGACCCCTGTCACGGCTCCCAGGAAAAACCCTAAGTGCC
TGTGATAGAGAAAATGGAGCAAGACGCCCACTATTGCTTGGTTCTACTTCCTTTATCCCG
ATTGGCCGTCGGACTTATGCCAGTGCGGCGGAGCCGGTTGGCAGCAAAGCTGTCCTGGTC
ACAGGCTGTGACTCTGGATTTGGGTTCTCATTGGCCAAGCATCTGCATTCAAAAGGCTTC
CTTGTGTTTGCTGGCTGCTTGATGAAGGACAAAGGCCATGATGGGGTCAAGGAGCTGGAC
AGCCTAAACAGTGACCGATTGAGAACCGTCCAGCTCAATGTCTGCAGCAGCGAAGAGGTG
GAGAAAGTGGTGGAGATTGTCCGCTCGAGCCTGAAGGACCCTGAGAAAGGCATGTGGGGC
CTCGTTAACAATGCCGGCATCTCAACGTTCGGGGAGGTGGAGTTCACCAGCCTGGAGACC
TACAAGCAGGTGGCAGAAGTGAACCTTTGGGGCACAGTGCGGATGACGAAATCCTTTCTC
CCCCTCATCCGAAGGGCCAAAGGCCGCGTCGTCAATATCAGCAGCATGCTGGGCCGCATG
GCCAACCCGGCCCGCTCCCCGTACTGCATCACCAAGTTCGGGGTAGAGGCTTTCTCGGAC
TGCCTGCGCTATGAGATGTACCCCCTGGGCGTGAAGGTCAGCGTGGTGGAGCCCGGCAAC
TTCATCGCTGCCACCAGCCTTTACAGCCCTGAGAGCATTCAGGCCATCGCCAAGAAGATG
TGGGAGGAGCTGCCTGAGGTCGTGCGCAAGGACTACGGCAAGAAGTACTTTGATGAAAAG
ATCGCCAAGATGGAGACCTACTGCAGCAGTGGCTCCACAGACACGTCCCCTGTCATCGAT
GCTGTCACACACGCCCTGACCGCCACCACCCCCTACACCCGCTACCACCCCATGGACTAC
TACTGGTGGCTGCGAATGCAGATCATGACCCACTTGCCTGGAGCCATCTCCGACATGATC
TACATCCGCTGA

1. Marks AR, McIntyre JO, Duncan TM, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Fleischer S: Molecular cloning and characterization of (R)-3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase from human heart. J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 5;267(22):15459-63. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 1
2. Somatic-type succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid-CoA-transferase
3. SCOT-s

MAALKLLSSGLRLCASARGSGATWYKGCVCSFSTSAHRHTKFYTDPVEAVKDIPDGATVL
VGGFGLCGIPENLIDALLKTGVKGLTAVSNNAGVDNFGLGLLLRSKQIKRMVSSYVGENA
EFERQYLSGELEVELTPQGTLAERIRAGGAGVPAFYTPTGYGTLVQEGGSPIKYNKDGSV
AIASKPREVREFNGQHFILEEAITGDFALVKAWKADRAGNVIFRKSARNFNLPMCKAAET
TVVEVEEIVDIGAFAPEDIHIPQIYVHRLIKGEKYEKRIERLSIRKEGDGEAKSAKPGDD
VRERIIKRAALEFEDGMYANLGIGIPLLASNFISPNITVHLQSENGVLGLGPYPRQHEAD
ADLINAGKETVTILPGASFFSSDESFAMIRGGHVDLTMLGAMQVSKYGDLANWMIPGKMV
KGMGGAMDLVSSAKTKVVVTMEHSAKGNAHKIMEKCTLPLTGKQCVNRIITEKAVFDVDK
KKGLTLIELWEGLTVDDVQKSTGCDFAVSPKLMPMQQIAN

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies (map00072 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxoacyl-CoA [RN:R01780]

• CoA_trans (PF01144 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCTCTCAAACTCCTCTCCTCCGGGCTTCGGCTCTGCGCCTCTGCCCGCGGATCT
GGGGCAACCTGGTACAAGGGATGTGTTTGTTCCTTTTCCACCAGTGCTCATCGCCATACC
AAGTTTTATACAGATCCAGTAGAAGCTGTAAAAGACATCCCTGATGGTGCCACGGTTTTG
GTTGGTGGTTTTGGGCTATGTGGAATTCCAGAGAATCTTATAGATGCTTTACTGAAAACT
GGAGTAAAAGGACTAACTGCAGTCAGCAACAATGCAGGGGTTGACAATTTTGGTTTGGGG
CTTTTGCTTCGGTCGAAGCAGATAAAACGCATGGTCTCTTCATATGTGGGAGAAAATGCA
GAATTTGAACGACAGTACTTATCTGGTGAATTAGAAGTGGAGCTGACACCACAGGGCACA
CTTGCAGAGAGGATCCGTGCAGGCGGGGCTGGAGTTCCTGCATTTTACACCCCAACAGGG
TATGGGACCCTGGTACAAGAAGGAGGATCGCCCATCAAATACAACAAAGATGGCAGTGTT
GCCATTGCCAGTAAGCCAAGAGAGGTGAGGGAGTTCAATGGTCAGCACTTTATTTTGGAG
GAAGCAATTACAGGGGATTTTGCTTTGGTGAAAGCCTGGAAGGCGGACCGAGCAGGAAAC
GTGATTTTCAGGAAAAGTGCAAGGAATTTCAACTTGCCAATGTGCAAAGCTGCAGAAACC
ACAGTGGTAGAGGTTGAAGAAATTGTGGATATTGGAGCATTTGCTCCAGAAGACATCCAT
ATTCCTCAGATTTATGTACATCGCCTTATAAAGGGAGAAAAATATGAGAAAAGAATTGAG
CGTTTATCAATCCGGAAAGAGGGAGATGGGGAAGCCAAATCTGCTAAACCTGGAGATGAC
GTAAGGGAACGAATCATCAAGAGGGCCGCTCTTGAGTTTGAGGATGGCATGTATGCTAAT
TTGGGCATAGGAATCCCTCTCCTGGCCAGCAATTTTATCAGCCCAAATATAACTGTTCAT
CTTCAAAGTGAAAATGGAGTTCTGGGTTTGGGTCCATATCCACGACAACATGAAGCTGAT
GCAGATCTCATCAATGCAGGCAAGGAAACAGTTACTATTCTTCCAGGAGCCTCTTTTTTC
TCCAGCGATGAATCATTTGCAATGATTAGAGGTGGACACGTCGATCTGACAATGCTAGGA
GCGATGCAGGTTTCCAAATATGGTGACCTGGCTAACTGGATGATACCTGGGAAGATGGTG
AAAGGAATGGGAGGTGCTATGGATTTAGTGTCCAGTGCGAAAACCAAAGTGGTGGTCACC
ATGGAGCATTCTGCAAAGGGAAATGCACATAAAATCATGGAGAAATGTACATTACCATTG
ACTGGAAAGCAATGTGTCAACCGCATTATTACTGAAAAGGCTGTGTTTGATGTGGACAAG
AAGAAAGGGTTGACTCTGATTGAGCTCTGGGAAGGCCTGACAGTGGATGACGTACAAAAG
AGTACTGGGTGTGATTTTGCAGTTTCACCAAAACTCATGCCAATGCAGCAGATCGCAAAT
TGA

1. Kassovska-Bratinova S, Fukao T, Song XQ, Duncan AM, Chen HS, Robert MF, Perez-Cerda C, Ugarte M, Chartrand C, Vobecky S, Kondo N, Mitchell GA: Succinyl CoA: 3-oxoacid CoA transferase (SCOT): human cDNA cloning, human chromosomal mapping to 5p13, and mutation detection in a SCOT-deficient patient. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Sep;59(3):519-28. [PubMed ]
2. Fukao T, Mitchell GA, Song XQ, Nakamura H, Kassovska-Bratinova S, Orii KE, Wraith JE, Besley G, Wanders RJ, Niezen-Koning KE, Berry GT, Palmieri M, Kondo N: Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT): cloning of the human SCOT gene, tertiary structural modeling of the human SCOT monomer, and characterization of three pathogenic mutations. Genomics. 2000 Sep 1;68(2):144-51. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Song XQ, Fukao T, Watanabe H, Shintaku H, Hirayama K, Kassovska-Bratinova S, Kondo N, Mitchell GA: Succinyl-CoA:3-ketoacid CoA transferase (SCOT) deficiency: two pathogenic mutations, V133E and C456F, in Japanese siblings. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(2):83-8. [PubMed ]

1. FAA
2. Beta-diketonase
3. Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase

MSFIPVAEDSDFPIHNLPYGVFSTRGDPRPRIGVAIGDQILDLSIIKHLFTGPVLSKHQD
VFNQPTLNSFMGLGQAAWKEARVFLQNLLSVSQARLRDDTELRKCAFISQASATMHLPAT
IGDYTDFYSSRQHATNVGIMFRDKENALMPNWLHLPVGYHGRASSVVVSGTPIRRPMGQM
KPDDSKPPVYGACKLLDMELEMAFFVGPGNRLGEPIPISKAHEHIFGMVLMNDWSARDIQ
KWEYVPLGPFLGKSFGTTVSPWVVPMDALMPFAVPNPKQDPRPLPYLCHDEPYTFDINLS
VNLKGEGMSQAATICKSNFKYMYWTMLQQLTHHSVNGCNLRPGDLLASGTISGPEPENFG
SMLELSWKGTKPIDLGNGQTRKFLLDGDEVIITGYCQGDGYRIGFGQCAGKVLPALLPS

• Styrene Degradation (map00643 )
• Tyrosine Metabolism (map00350 )

• 4-fumarylacetoacetate + H2O = acetoacetate + fumarate [RN:R01364]

• DUF1969 (PF09298 )
• FAA_hydrolase (PF01557 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCTTCATCCCGGTGGCCGAGGATTCCGACTTCCCCATCCACAACCTGCCCTACGGC
GTCTTCTCGACCAGAGGCGACCCAAGACCGAGGATAGGTGTGGCCATTGGCGACCAGATC
CTGGACCTCAGCATCATCAAGCACCTCTTTACTGGTCCTGTCCTCTCCAAACACCAGGAT
GTCTTCAATCAGCCTACACTCAACAGCTTCATGGGCCTGGGTCAGGCTGCCTGGAAGGAG
GCGAGAGTGTTCTTGCAGAACTTGCTGTCTGTGAGCCAAGCCAGGCTCAGAGATGACACC
GAACTTCGGAAGTGTGCATTCATCTCCCAGGCTTCTGCCACGATGCACCTTCCAGCCACC
ATAGGAGACTACACAGACTTCTATTCCTCTCGGCAGCATGCTACCAACGTCGGAATCATG
TTCAGGGACAAGGAGAATGCGTTGATGCCAAATTGGCTGCACTTACCAGTGGGCTACCAT
GGCCGTGCCTCCTCTGTCGTGGTGTCTGGCACCCCAATCCGAAGGCCCATGGGACAGATG
AAACCTGATGACTCTAAGCCTCCCGTATATGGTGCCTGCAAGCTCTTGGACATGGAGCTG
GAAATGGCTTTTTTTGTAGGCCCTGGAAACAGATTGGGAGAGCCGATCCCCATTTCCAAG
GCCCATGAGCACATTTTTGGAATGGTCCTTATGAACGACTGGAGTGCACGAGACATTCAG
AAGTGGGAGTATGTCCCTCTCGGGCCATTCCTTGGGAAGAGTTTTGGGACCACTGTCTCT
CCGTGGGTGGTGCCCATGGATGCTCTCATGCCCTTTGCTGTGCCCAACCCGAAGCAGGAC
CCCAGGCCCCTGCCGTATCTGTGCCATGACGAGCCCTACACATTTGACATCAACCTCTCT
GTTAACCTGAAAGGAGAAGGAATGAGCCAGGCGGCTACCATATGCAAGTCCAATTTTAAG
TACATGTACTGGACGATGCTGCAGCAGCTCACTCACCACTCTGTCAACGGCTGCAACCTG
CGGCCGGGGGACCTCCTGGCTTCTGGGACCATCAGCGGGCCGGAGCCAGAAAACTTCGGC
TCCATGTTGGAACTGTCGTGGAAGGGAACGAAGCCCATAGACCTGGGGAATGGTCAGACC
AGGAAGTTTCTGCTGGACGGGGATGAAGTCATCATAACAGGGTACTGCCAGGGGGATGGT
TACCGCATCGGCTTTGGCCAGTGTGCTGGAAAAGTGCTGCCTGCTCTCCTGCCATCATGA

1. Phaneuf D, Labelle Y, Berube D, Arden K, Cavenee W, Gagne R, Tanguay RM: Cloning and expression of the cDNA encoding human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, the enzyme deficient in hereditary tyrosinemia: assignment of the gene to chromosome 15. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Mar;48(3):525-35. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Agsteribbe E, van Faassen H, Hartog MV, Reversma T, Taanman JW, Pannekoek H, Evers RF, Welling GM, Berger R: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding human fumarylacetoacetase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Apr 11;18(7):1887. [PubMed ]
5. Bergeron A, D'Astous M, Timm DE, Tanguay RM: Structural and functional analysis of missense mutations in fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase, the gene deficient in hereditary tyrosinemia type 1. J Biol Chem. 2001 May 4;276(18):15225-31. Epub 2001 Jan 22. [PubMed ]
6. St-Louis M, Tanguay RM: Mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene causing hereditary tyrosinemia type I: overview. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(4):291-9. [PubMed ]
7. Phaneuf D, Lambert M, Laframboise R, Mitchell G, Lettre F, Tanguay RM: Type 1 hereditary tyrosinemia. Evidence for molecular heterogeneity and identification of a causal mutation in a French Canadian patient. J Clin Invest. 1992 Oct;90(4):1185-92. [PubMed ]
8. Labelle Y, Phaneuf D, Leclerc B, Tanguay RM: Characterization of the human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene and identification of a missense mutation abolishing enzymatic activity. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jul;2(7):941-6. [PubMed ]
9. Grompe M, al-Dhalimy M: Mutations of the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene in four patients with tyrosinemia, type I. Hum Mutat. 1993;2(2):85-93. [PubMed ]
10. Rootwelt H, Berger R, Gray G, Kelly DA, Coskun T, Kvittingen EA: Novel splice, missense, and nonsense mutations in the fumarylacetoacetase gene causing tyrosinemia type 1. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Oct;55(4):653-8. [PubMed ]
11. Rootwelt H, Brodtkorb E, Kvittingen EA: Identification of a frequent pseudodeficiency mutation in the fumarylacetoacetase gene, with implications for diagnosis of tyrosinemia type I. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Dec;55(6):1122-7. [PubMed ]
12. Rootwelt H, Chou J, Gahl WA, Berger R, Coskun T, Brodtkorb E, Kvittingen EA: Two missense mutations causing tyrosinemia type 1 with presence and absence of immunoreactive fumarylacetoacetase. Hum Genet. 1994 Jun;93(6):615-9. [PubMed ]
13. St-Louis M, Poudrier J, Phaneuf D, Leclerc B, Laframboise R, Tanguay RM: Two novel mutations involved in hereditary tyrosinemia type I. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Feb;4(2):319-20. [PubMed ]
14. Hahn SH, Krasnewich D, Brantly M, Kvittingen EA, Gahl WA: Heterozygosity for an exon 12 splicing mutation and a W234G missense mutation in an American child with chronic tyrosinemia type 1. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(1):66-73. [PubMed ]
15. Ploos van Amstel JK, Bergman AJ, van Beurden EA, Roijers JF, Peelen T, van den Berg IE, Poll-The BT, Kvittingen EA, Berger R: Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1: novel missense, nonsense and splice consensus mutations in the human fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene; variability of the genotype-phenotype relationship. Hum Genet. 1996 Jan;97(1):51-9. [PubMed ]
16. Bergman AJ, van den Berg IE, Brink W, Poll-The BT, Ploos van Amstel JK, Berger R: Spectrum of mutations in the fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase gene of tyrosinemia type 1 patients in northwestern Europe and Mediterranean countries. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(1):19-26. [PubMed ]

1. 3-oxoacid-CoA transferase 2A
2. Testis-specific succinyl-CoA:3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
3. SCOT-t

MAALRLLASVLGRGVPAGGSGLALSQGCARCFATSPRLRAKFYADPVEMVKDISDGATVM
IGGFGLCGIPENLIAALLRTRVKDLQVVSSNVGVEDFGLGLLLAARQVRRIVCSYVGENT
LCESQYLAGELELELTPQGTLAERIRAGGAGVPAFYTPTGYGTLVQEGGAPIRYTPDGHL
ALMSQPREVREFNGDHFLLERAIRADFALVKGWKADRAGNVVFRRSARNFNVPMCKAADV
TAVEVEEIVEVGAFPPEDIHVPNIYVDRVIKGQKYEKRIERLTILKEEDGDAGKEEDART
RIIRRAALEFEDGMYANLGIGIPLLASNFISPSMTVHLHSENGILGLGPFPTEDEVDADL
INAGKQTVTVLPGGCFFASDDSFAMIRGGHIQLTMLGAMQVSKYGDLANWMIPGKKVKGM
GGAMDLVSSQKTRVVVTMQHCTKDNTPKIMEKCTMPLTGKRCVDRIITEKAVFDVHRKKE
LTLRELWEGLTVDDIKKSTGCAFAVSPNLRPMQQVAP

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies (map00072 )
• Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 )

• succinyl-CoA + a 3-oxo acid = succinate + a 3-oxoacyl-CoA [RN:R01780]

• CoA_trans (PF01144 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCGCTGCGGCTCCTGGCGTCAGTGCTCGGGCGCGGGGTCCCCGCCGGCGGCTCA
GGGCTCGCGCTGTCCCAGGGCTGCGCCCGCTGCTTTGCCACCAGTCCCCGGCTCCGTGCC
AAGTTCTACGCGGACCCGGTGGAGATGGTGAAGGACATCTCTGACGGGGCGACCGTCATG
ATCGGGGGCTTCGGGCTCTGCGGGATCCCCGAGAACCTGATCGCCGCGCTGCTCAGGACC
CGCGTGAAAGACCTGCAGGTGGTCAGCAGCAACGTGGGCGTGGAGGACTTCGGCCTGGGC
CTCCTGCTGGCCGCCAGGCAGGTCCGTCGCATCGTCTGTTCCTACGTGGGCGAGAACACC
CTGTGCGAGAGCCAGTACCTGGCAGGAGAGCTGGAGCTGGAGCTCACGCCCCAGGGCACC
CTGGCCGAGCGCATCCGCGCGGGGGGCGCCGGGGTGCCCGCCTTCTACACCCCCACGGGC
TACGGGACCCTGGTCCAGGAAGGGGGCGCCCCCATCCGCTACACCCCGGACGGCCACCTG
GCGCTCATGAGCCAGCCCCGAGAGGTGAGGGAGTTCAACGGCGACCACTTCCTTTTGGAG
CGCGCCATCCGGGCAGACTTCGCCCTGGTGAAAGGGTGGAAGGCCGACCGGGCAGGAAAC
GTGGTCTTCAGGAGAAGCGCCCGCAATTTCAACGTGCCCATGTGCAAAGCTGCAGACGTC
ACGGCGGTGGAGGTGGAAGAGATCGTGGAGGTGGGGGCTTTCCCCCCAGAAGACATCCAC
GTTCCTAACATTTATGTAGATCGCGTGATAAAGGGGCAGAAATACGAGAAACGAATTGAG
CGCTTAACGATCCTGAAAGAGGAAGATGGAGACGCTGGAAAGGAAGAGGACGCCAGGACG
CGCATCATCAGACGCGCAGCTCTGGAATTTGAGGACGGCATGTACGCCAATCTGGGCATA
GGCATCCCCCTGCTGGCCAGCAACTTCATCAGTCCCAGCATGACTGTCCATCTTCACAGT
GAGAACGGGATCCTGGGCCTGGGCCCGTTTCCCACGGAAGATGAGGTGGATGCCGACCTC
ATCAATGCAGGCAAGCAGACGGTCACGGTGCTTCCCGGGGGCTGCTTCTTCGCCAGCGAC
GACTCCTTCGCCATGATCCGAGGGGGACACATCCAACTAACCATGCTTGGAGCCATGCAG
GTTTCCAAATACGGCGACCTGGCGAACTGGATGATCCCTGGCAAGAAGGTGAAAGGCATG
GGCGGTGCCATGGACTTGGTGTCCAGTCAGAAGACCAGAGTGGTGGTCACCATGCAGCAC
TGCACAAAGGACAACACCCCCAAGATCATGGAGAAATGCACCATGCCGCTGACCGGGAAG
CGGTGCGTGGACCGCATCATCACCGAGAAGGCCGTGTTTGACGTGCACAGGAAGAAAGAG
CTGACGCTGAGGGAGCTCTGGGAGGGCCTGACGGTGGACGACATCAAAAAGAGCACGGGG
TGTGCCTTTGCTGTGTCCCCGAACCTCAGGCCCATGCAGCAGGTGGCACCCTGA

1. Tanaka H, Kohroki J, Iguchi N, Onishi M, Nishimune Y: Cloning and characterization of a human orthologue of testis-specific succinyl CoA: 3-oxo acid CoA transferase (Scot-t) cDNA. Mol Hum Reprod. 2002 Jan;8(1):16-23. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]

1. HOT
2. Alcohol dehydrogenase iron-containing protein 1
3. ADHFe1
4. Fe-containing alcohol dehydrogenase

MAAAARARVAYLLRQLQRAACQCPTHSHTYSQAPGLSPSGKTTDYAFEMAVSNIRYGAAV
TKEVGMDLKNMGAKNVCLMTDKNLSKLPPVQVAMDSLVKNGIPFTVYDNVRVEPTDSSFM
EAIEFAQKGAFDAYVAVGGGSTMDTCKAANLYASSPHSDFLDYVSAPIGKGKPVSVPLKP
LIAVPTTSGTGSETTGVAIFDYEHLKVKIGITSRAIKPTLGLIDPLHTLHMPARVVANSG
FDVLCHALESYTTLPYHLRSPCPSNPITRPAYQGSNPISDIWAIHALRIVAKYLKRAVRN
PDDLEARSHMHLASAFAGIGFGNAGVHLCHGMSYPISGLVKMYKAKDYNVDHPLVPHGLS
VVLTSPAVFTFTAQMFPERHLEMAEILGADTRTARIQDAGLVLADTLRKFLFDLDVDDGL
AAVGYSKADIPALVKGTLPQERVTKLAPCPQSEEDLAALFEASMKLY

• (S)-3-hydroxybutanoate + 2-oxoglutarate = acetoacetate + (R)-2-hydroxyglutarate [RN:R03225]

• Fe-ADH (PF00465 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCGCTGCCGCCCGAGCCCGGGTCGCGTACTTGCTGAGGCAACTGCAACGCGCAGCG
TGCCAGTGCCCAACTCATTCTCATACTTACTCCCAAGCCCCTGGACTTTCACCTTCTGGG
AAAACAACAGATTATGCCTTTGAGATGGCTGTTTCAAATATTAGATATGGAGCAGCAGTT
ACAAAGGAAGTAGGAATGGACCTAAAAAACATGGGTGCTAAAAATGTGTGCTTGATGACA
GACAAGAACCTCTCCAAGCTCCCTCCTGTGCAAGTAGCTATGGATTCCCTAGTGAAGAAT
GGCATCCCCTTTACGGTTTATGATAATGTGAGAGTGGAACCAACGGATTCAAGCTTCATG
GAAGCTATTGAGTTTGCCCAAAAGGGAGCTTTTGATGCCTATGTTGCTGTCGGTGGTGGC
TCTACCATGGACACCTGTAAGGCTGCTAATCTGTATGCATCCAGCCCTCATTCTGATTTC
CTAGATTATGTCAGTGCCCCCATTGGCAAGGGAAAGCCTGTGTCTGTGCCTCTTAAGCCT
CTGATTGCAGTGCCAACTACCTCAGGAACCGGGAGTGAAACTACTGGGGTTGCCATTTTT
GACTATGAACACTTGAAAGTAAAAATTGGTATCACTTCGAGAGCCATCAAACCCACACTG
GGACTGATTGATCCTCTGCACACCCTCCACATGCCTGCCCGAGTGGTCGCCAACAGTGGC
TTTGATGTGCTTTGCCATGCCCTGGAGTCATACACCACCCTGCCCTACCACCTGCGGAGC
CCCTGCCCTTCAAATCCCATCACACGGCCTGCGTACCAGGGCAGCAACCCAATCAGTGAC
ATTTGGGCTATCCACGCGCTGCGGATCGTGGCTAAGTATCTGAAGAGGGCCGTCAGAAAT
CCCGATGATCTTGAAGCAAGGTCTCATATGCACTTGGCAAGTGCTTTTGCTGGCATCGGC
TTTGGAAATGCTGGTGTTCATCTGTGCCATGGAATGTCTTACCCAATTTCAGGTTTAGTG
AAGATGTATAAAGCAAAGGATTACAATGTGGATCACCCACTGGTGCCCCATGGCCTTTCT
GTGGTGCTCACGTCCCCAGCGGTGTTCACTTTCACGGCCCAGATGTTTCCAGAGCGACAC
CTGGAGATGGCAGAAATATTGGGAGCCGACACCCGCACTGCCAGGATCCAAGATGCAGGG
CTGGTGTTGGCAGACACGCTCCGGAAATTCTTATTCGATCTGGATGTTGATGATGGCCTA
GCAGCTGTTGGTTACTCCAAAGCTGATATCCCCGCACTAGTGAAAGGAACGCTGCCCCAG
GAAAGGGTCACCAAGCTTGCACCCTGTCCCCAGTCAGAAGAGGATCTGGCTGCTCTGTTT
GAAGCTTCAATGAAACTGTATTAA

1. Deng Y, Wang Z, Gu S, Ji C, Ying K, Xie Y, Mao Y: Cloning and characterization of a novel human alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ADHFe1). DNA Seq. 2002 Oct;13(5):301-6. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Yamada S, Ohira M, Horie H, Ando K, Takayasu H, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Hirata T, Goto T, Matsunaga T, Hiyama E, Hayashi Y, Ando H, Suita S, Kaneko M, Sasaki F, Hashizume K, Ohnuma N, Nakagawara A: Expression profiling and differential screening between hepatoblastomas and the corresponding normal livers: identification of high expression of the PLK1 oncogene as a poor-prognostic indicator of hepatoblastomas. Oncogene. 2004 Aug 5;23(35):5901-11. [PubMed ]
5. Struys EA, Verhoeven NM, Ten Brink HJ, Wickenhagen WV, Gibson KM, Jakobs C: Kinetic characterization of human hydroxyacid-oxoacid transhydrogenase: relevance to D-2-hydroxyglutaric and gamma-hydroxybutyric acidurias. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2005;28(6):921-30. [PubMed ]
6. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

1. Acyl-CoA synthetase family member 1
2. Protein sur-5 homolog

MSKEERPGREEILECQVMWEPDSKKNTQMDRFRAAVGAACGLALESYDDLYHWSVESYSD
FWAEFWKFSGIVFSRVYDEVVDTSKGIADVPEWFKGSRLNYAENLLRHKENDRVALYIAR
EGKEEIVKVTFEELRQEVALFAAAMRKMGVKKGDRVVGYLPNSEHAVEAMLAAASIGAIW
SSTSPDFGVNGVLDRFSQIQPKLIFSVEAVVYNGKEHNHMEKLQQVVKGLPDLKKVVVIP
YVSSRENIDLSKIPNSVFLDDFLATGTSEQAPQLEFEQLPFSHPLFIMFSSGTTGAPKCM
VHSAGGTLIQHLKEHLLHGNMTSSDILLCYTTVGWMMWNWMVSLLATGAAMVLYDGSPLV
PTPNVLWDLVDRIGITVLVTGAKWLSVLEEKAMKPVETHSLQMLHTILSTGSPLKAQSYE
YVYRCIKSSILLGSISGGTDIISCFMGHNFSLPVYKGEIQARNLGMAVEAWNEEGKAVWG
ESGELVCTKPIPCQPTHFWNDENGNKYRKAYFSKFPGIWAHGDYCRINPKTGGIVMLGRS
DGTLNPNGVRFGSSEIYNIVESFEEVEDSLCVPQYNKYREERVILFLKMASGHAFQPDLV
KRIRDAIRMGLSARHVPSLILETKGIPYTLNGKKVEVAVKQIIAGKAVEQGGAFSNPETL
DLYRDIPELQGF

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )

• ATP + acetoacetate + CoA = AMP + diphosphate + acetoacetyl-CoA [RN:R01357]

• AMP-binding (PF00501 )

• None

• None

ATGTCCAAGGAGGAGCGCCCCGGTCGGGAGGAGATCCTGGAGTGCCAGGTGATGTGGGAG
CCTGACAGTAAGAAGAACACGCAGATGGACCGCTTCCGGGCGGCTGTGGGCGCCGCCTGC
GGCCTGGCGCTGGAGAGTTATGATGACTTGTACCATTGGTCCGTTGAGTCATATTCAGAC
TTCTGGGCAGAGTTCTGGAAATTCAGTGGAATTGTCTTCTCACGTGTGTATGATGAGGTT
GTGGACACATCGAAAGGAATCGCAGATGTCCCCGAGTGGTTCAAAGGCAGTCGGCTCAAC
TATGCAGAAAACCTCCTGCGGCACAAAGAGAATGACAGAGTTGCCCTTTACATTGCAAGG
GAAGGCAAAGAGGAAATTGTGAAGGTGACTTTTGAAGAGCTGAGGCAAGAAGTGGCTTTG
TTTGCAGCAGCAATGAGGAAAATGGGTGTGAAGAAAGGAGATCGGGTTGTTGGTTATTTA
CCCAACAGTGAGCACGCTGTCGAGGCGATGCTGGCTGCGGCAAGCATTGGTGCCATCTGG
AGCTCCACGTCCCCGGACTTCGGTGTGAATGGTGTGCTGGACCGGTTTTCTCAAATTCAG
CCAAAGCTCATCTTCTCTGTGGAGGCTGTTGTCTATAATGGCAAAGAGCACAACCACATG
GAAAAGCTGCAGCAGGTGGTTAAAGGCCTACCAGACTTGAAGAAAGTGGTGGTGATTCCT
TATGTGTCCTCCAGAGAGAACATAGACCTTTCAAAGATTCCAAACAGTGTGTTTCTGGAT
GACTTTCTTGCCACCGGCACCAGTGAGCAGGCCCCGCAGCTGGAGTTCGAGCAGCTGCCC
TTCAGCCACCCACTGTTCATCATGTTCTCATCGGGCACCACGGGCGCACCCAAGTGCATG
GTGCATTCCGCTGGGGGCACCCTCATCCAGCATCTGAAGGAGCACCTGCTGCACGGCAAC
ATGACCAGCAGTGACATCCTCCTGTGCTACACCACGGTCGGCTGGATGATGTGGAACTGG
ATGGTGTCCCTTCTGGCCACAGGAGCGGCCATGGTCTTGTACGATGGCTCCCCCCTGGTG
CCCACGCCCAATGTGCTCTGGGACCTGGTTGACAGGATAGGCATCACTGTCCTGGTAACT
GGGGCCAAGTGGCTGTCAGTGCTGGAAGAGAAGGCCATGAAGCCGGTGGAAACCCACAGT
CTCCAGATGCTCCACACGATCCTGTCCACTGGCTCCCCACTGAAAGCCCAGAGCTACGAG
TATGTCTACAGGTGCATCAAGAGCAGCATCCTCCTGGGCTCCATCTCAGGAGGCACCGAC
ATCATCTCCTGCTTCATGGGCCACAATTTTTCTCTTCCTGTGTATAAAGGGGAGATTCAG
GCCCGGAACCTGGGCATGGCCGTGGAAGCGTGGAACGAGGAAGGAAAGGCGGTCTGGGGA
GAGAGCGGCGAGCTGGTGTGTACTAAGCCGATCCCTTGCCAGCCCACACACTTCTGGAAC
GATGAGAACGGCAACAAGTACAGGAAGGCGTATTTCTCCAAATTCCCAGGTATCTGGGCT
CATGGCGACTACTGCAGAATCAACCCCAAGACCGGGGGCATCGTCATGCTTGGCCGGAGT
GACGGCACCCTCAACCCCAACGGGGTGCGGTTCGGCAGCTCGGAAATCTATAACATTGTG
GAATCCTTCGAGGAGGTGGAGGACAGCCTGTGTGTCCCCCAGTATAACAAGTACAGGGAG
GAGAGGGTGATCCTCTTCCTGAAGATGGCCTCCGGGCACGCCTTCCAGCCTGACTTGGTT
AAGAGGATCCGTGACGCCATCCGCATGGGCTTGTCTGCGCGACACGTGCCCAGCCTCATC
CTGGAAACCAAGGGCATCCCGTATACGCTCAACGGCAAGAAAGTGGAAGTTGCCGTCAAA
CAGATCATCGCTGGAAAAGCCGTGGAGCAAGGAGGTGCTTTCTCGAACCCCGAGACCCTG
GATCTGTACCGGGACATCCCTGAGCTGCAGGGCTTCTGA

1. Ohgami M, Takahashi N, Yamasaki M, Fukui T: Expression of acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, a novel cytosolic ketone body-utilizing enzyme, in human brain. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003 Mar 15;65(6):989-94. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Gu T, Orita S, Han M: Caenorhabditis elegans SUR-5, a novel but conserved protein, negatively regulates LET-60 Ras activity during vulval induction. Mol Cell Biol. 1998 Aug;18(8):4556-64. [PubMed ]
5. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
6. Watkins PA, Maiguel D, Jia Z, Pevsner J: Evidence for 26 distinct acyl-coenzyme A synthetase genes in the human genome. J Lipid Res. 2007 Dec;48(12):2736-50. Epub 2007 Aug 30. [PubMed ]

1. 3-hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase-like protein 1

MGNVPSAVKHCLSYQQLLREHLWIGDSVAGALDPAQTSLLTNLHCFQPDVSGFSVSLAGT
VACIHWETSQLSGLPEFVKIVEVGPRDGLQNEKVIVPTDIKIEFINRLSQTGLSVIEVTS
FVSSRWVPQMADHTEVMKGIHQYPGVRYPVLTPNLQGFHHAVAAGATEISVFGAASESFS
KKNINCSIEESMGKFEEVVKSARHMNIPARGYVSCALGCPYEGSITPQKVTEVSKRLYGM
GCYEISLGDTIGVGTPGSMKRMLESVMKEIPPGALAVHCHDTYGQALANILTALQMGINV
VDSAVSGLGGCPYAKGASGNVATEDLIYMLNGLGLNTGVNLYKVMEAGDFICKAVNKTTN
SKVAQASFNA

• (S)-3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA = acetyl-CoA + acetoacetate [RN:R01360]

• HMGL-like (PF00682 )

• None

• None

ATGGGGAATGTGCCATCCGCGGTGAAGCACTGCCTCAGCTACCAGCAGCTTCTCCGGGAG
CATCTCTGGATCGGGGATTCAGTGGCAGGGGCGCTCGACCCCGCGCAGACTTCTCTTCTA
ACAAACCTTCACTGCTTTCAGCCCGATGTCTCTGGCTTCTCAGTCTCCTTGGCAGGCACG
GTGGCTTGTATCCACTGGGAAACATCCCAGTTATCTGGACTCCCTGAGTTTGTTAAAATA
GTAGAAGTTGGGCCTAGGGATGGATTGCAGAATGAAAAGGTTATAGTTCCTACAGATATA
AAAATTGAATTTATCAATCGACTTTCCCAAACTGGCTTGTCTGTAATAGAAGTGACTAGC
TTTGTGTCTTCCAGATGGGTACCACAGATGGCTGATCACACTGAAGTAATGAAAGGCATT
CATCAATATCCAGGAGTTCGCTATCCTGTCCTTACTCCTAATCTTCAGGGTTTTCACCAT
GCTGTTGCTGCTGGAGCTACTGAGATATCAGTTTTTGGAGCTGCATCTGAATCCTTTAGC
AAGAAGAATATTAACTGTTCCATTGAAGAAAGTATGGGAAAATTTGAGGAGGTTGTTAAG
TCTGCAAGACACATGAATATTCCAGCACGAGGGTATGTGTCTTGTGCTCTGGGCTGTCCA
TATGAAGGAAGTATTACACCGCAAAAAGTGACAGAAGTGTCTAAGAGATTGTACGGCATG
GGTTGTTATGAGATCTCTCTAGGAGACACAATTGGAGTGGGAACTCCAGGAAGTATGAAA
AGAATGTTGGAAAGTGTGATGAAAGAAATCCCACCAGGTGCTCTTGCTGTTCACTGTCAT
GACACATACGGACAAGCCTTAGCAAATATCCTTACGGCCCTTCAGATGGGAATTAATGTG
GTGGACTCCGCAGTATCCGGATTAGGTGGCTGCCCTTATGCAAAAGGTGCTTCTGGGAAT
GTAGCCACTGAGGATTTGATATATATGCTTAATGGCCTGGGGCTCAATACAGGTGTGAAT
CTATACAAAGTGATGGAAGCTGGTGACTTTATTTGCAAAGCTGTGAATAAAACCACAAAC
TCTAAAGTAGCACAAGCCTCCTTCAATGCTTGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. Dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 6
2. Oxidoreductase UCPA
3. R-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase

MGRLDGKVIILTAAAQGIGQAAALAFAREGAKVIATDINESKLQELEKYPGIQTRVLDVT
KKKQIDQFANEVERLDVLFNVAGFVHHGTVLDCEEKDWDFSMNLNVRSMYLMIKAFLPKM
LAQKSGNIINMSSVASSVKGVVNRCVYSTTKAAVIGLTKSVAADFIQQGIRCNCVCPGTV
DTPSLQERIQARGNPEEARNDFLKRQKTGRFATAEEIAMLCVYLASDESAYVTGNPVIID
GGWSL

• Butyrate Metabolism (map00650 )
• Synthesis and Degradation of Ketone Bodies (map00072 )

• (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate + NAD+ = acetoacetate + NADH + H+ [RN:R01361]

• adh_short (PF00106 )

• None

• None

ATGGGTCGACTTGATGGGAAAGTCATCATCCTGACGGCCGCTGCTCAGGGGATTGGCCAA
GCAGCTGCCTTAGCTTTTGCAAGAGAAGGTGCCAAAGTCATAGCCACAGACATTAATGAG
TCCAAACTTCAGGAACTGGAAAAGTACCCGGGTATTCAAACTCGTGTCCTTGATGTCACA
AAGAAGAAACAAATTGATCAGTTTGCCAATGAAGTTGAGAGACTTGATGTTCTCTTTAAT
GTTGCTGGTTTTGTCCATCATGGAACTGTCCTGGATTGTGAGGAGAAAGACTGGGACTTC
TCGATGAATCTCAATGTGCGCAGCATGTACCTGATGATCAAGGCATTCCTTCCTAAAATG
CTTGCTCAGAAATCTGGCAATATTATCAACATGTCTTCTGTGGCTTCCAGCGTCAAAGGA
GTTGTGAACAGATGTGTGTACAGCACAACCAAGGCAGCCGTGATTGGCCTCACAAAATCT
GTGGCTGCAGATTTCATCCAGCAGGGCATCAGGTGCAACTGTGTGTGCCCAGGAACAGTT
GATACGCCATCTCTACAAGAAAGAATACAAGCCAGAGGAAATCCTGAAGAGGCACGGAAT
GATTTCCTGAAGAGACAAAAGACGGGAAGATTCGCAACTGCAGAAGAAATAGCCATGCTC
TGCGTGTATTTGGCTTCTGATGAATCTGCTTATGTAACTGGTAACCCTGTCATCATTGAT
GGAGGCTGGAGCTTGTGA

1. Hu RM, Han ZG, Song HD, Peng YD, Huang QH, Ren SX, Gu YJ, Huang CH, Li YB, Jiang CL, Fu G, Zhang QH, Gu BW, Dai M, Mao YF, Gao GF, Rong R, Ye M, Zhou J, Xu SH, Gu J, Shi JX, Jin WR, Zhang CK, Wu TM, Huang GY, Chen Z, Chen MD, Chen JL: Gene expression profiling in the human hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and full-length cDNA cloning. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000 Aug 15;97(17):9543-8. [PubMed ]
2. Clark HF, Gurney AL, Abaya E, Baker K, Baldwin D, Brush J, Chen J, Chow B, Chui C, Crowley C, Currell B, Deuel B, Dowd P, Eaton D, Foster J, Grimaldi C, Gu Q, Hass PE, Heldens S, Huang A, Kim HS, Klimowski L, Jin Y, Johnson S, Lee J, Lewis L, Liao D, Mark M, Robbie E, Sanchez C, Schoenfeld J, Seshagiri S, Simmons L, Singh J, Smith V, Stinson J, Vagts A, Vandlen R, Watanabe C, Wieand D, Woods K, Xie MH, Yansura D, Yi S, Yu G, Yuan J, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Goddard A, Wood WI, Godowski P, Gray A: The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane proteins: a bioinformatics assessment. Genome Res. 2003 Oct;13(10):2265-70. Epub 2003 Sep 15. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
7. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
8. Guo K, Lukacik P, Papagrigoriou E, Meier M, Lee WH, Adamski J, Oppermann U: Characterization of human DHRS6, an orphan short chain dehydrogenase/reductase enzyme: a novel, cytosolic type 2 R-beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 2006 Apr 14;281(15):10291-7. Epub 2005 Dec 27. [PubMed ]

MSFIPVAEDSDFPIHNLPYGVFSTRGDPRPRIGVAIGDQILDLSIIKHLFTGPVLSKHQD
VFNQPTLNSFMGLGQAAWKEARVFLQNLLSVSQARLRDDTELRKCAFISQASATMHLPAT
IGDYTDFYSSRQHATNVGIMFRDKENALMPNWLHLPVGYHGRASSVVVSGTPIRRPMGQM
KPDDSKPPVYGACKLLDMELEMAFFVGPGNRLGEPIPISKAHEHIFGMVLMNDWSARDIQ
KWEYVPLGPFLGKSFGTTVSPWVVPMDALMPFAVPNPKQDPRPLPYLCHDEPYTFDINLS
VNLKGEGMSQAATICKSNFKYMYWTMLQQLTHHSVNGCNLRPGDLLASGTISGPEPENFG
SMLELSWKGTKPIDLGNGQTRKFLLDGDEVIITGYCQGDGYRIGFGQCAGKVLPALLPS

• DUF1969 (PF09298 )
• FAA_hydrolase (PF01557 )

• None

• None