Showing metabocard for Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate (HMDB00061)

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity.

Gene Name:

ENPP1

Uniprot ID:

P22413

Molecular weight:

104923.58

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cleaves a variety of phosphodiester and phosphosulfate bonds including deoxynucleotides, nucleotide sugars, and NAD (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ENPP3

Uniprot ID:

O14638

Molecular weight:

100123.54

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues in desulfated dermatan sulfate. Preferentially sulfates in GlcA->GalNAc unit than in IdoA->GalNAc unit. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.

Gene Name:

CHST11

Uniprot ID:

Q9NPF2

Molecular weight:

41002.97

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues of keratan sulfate, another glycosaminoglycan, and the Gal residues in sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (sialyl LacNAc) oligosaccharides. May play a role in the maintenance of naive T-lymphocytes in the spleen.

Gene Name:

CHST3

Uniprot ID:

Q7LGC8

Molecular weight:

54705.5

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Transfers sulfate to the C4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with a beta-linked glucuronic acid at the C-3 hydroxyl. No activity toward dermatan.

Gene Name:

CHST13

Uniprot ID:

Q8NET6

Molecular weight:

38919.34

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Activity toward partially desulfated dermatan sulfate is however lower. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.

Gene Name:

CHST12

Uniprot ID:

Q9NRB3

Molecular weight:

48413.945

Reactions

General function:

Involved in galactosylceramide sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the sulfation of membrane glycolipids. Seems to prefer beta-glycosides at the non-reducing termini of sugar chains attached to a lipid moiety. Catalyzes the synthesis of galactosylceramide sulfate (sulfatide), a major lipid component of the myelin sheath and of monogalactosylalkylacylglycerol sulfate (seminolipid), present in spermatocytes (By similarity). Also acts on lactosylceramide, galactosyl 1-alkyl-2-sn-glycerol and galactosyl diacylglycerol (in vitro).

Gene Name:

GAL3ST1

Uniprot ID:

Q99999

Molecular weight:

48763.63

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in IdoUA2S-GlcNS and also in IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS3ST3B1

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y662

Molecular weight:

43323.605

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in IdoUA2S-GlcNS and also in IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS3ST3A1

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y663

Molecular weight:

44899.155

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of catecholamines, phenolic drugs and neurotransmitters. Has also estrogen sulfotransferase activity. responsible for the sulfonation and activation of minoxidil. Is Mediates the metabolic activation of carcinogenic N-hydroxyarylamines to DNA binding products and could so participate as modulating factor of cancer risk.

Gene Name:

SULT1A1

Uniprot ID:

P50225

Molecular weight:

34165.13

Reactions

General function:

Involved in inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity

Specific function:

Converts adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS) and 3'(2')-phosphoadenosine 5'- phosphate (PAP) to AMP. Has 1000-fold lower activity towards inositol 1,4-bisphosphate (Ins(1,4)P2) and inositol 1,3,4-trisphosphate (Ins(1,3,4)P3), but does not hydrolyze Ins(1)P, Ins(3,4)P2, Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 or InsP6.

Gene Name:

BPNT1

Uniprot ID:

O95861

Molecular weight:

33392.035

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to position 3 of glucosamine residues in heparan. Catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HSact). This modification is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate as it completes the structure of the antithrombin pentasaccharide binding site.

Gene Name:

HS3ST1

Uniprot ID:

O14792

Molecular weight:

35772.77

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of estradiol and estrone. May play a role in the regulation of estrogen receptor activity by metabolizing free estradiol. Maximally sulfates beta-estradiol and estrone at concentrations of 20 nM. Also sulfates dehydroepiandrosterone, pregnenolone, ethinylestradiol, equalenin, diethylstilbesterol and 1-naphthol, at significantly higher concentrations; however, cortisol, testosterone and dopamine are not sulfated.

Gene Name:

SULT1E1

Uniprot ID:

P49888

Molecular weight:

35126.185

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfonation of steroids and bile acids in the liver and adrenal glands.

Gene Name:

SULT2A1

Uniprot ID:

Q06520

Molecular weight:

33779.57

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of galactose (Gal) residues of keratan. Has a preference for sulfating keratan sulfate, but it also transfers sulfate to the unsulfated polymer. The sulfotransferase activity on sialyl LacNAc structures is much higher than the corresponding desialylated substrate, and only internal Gal residues are sulfated. May function in the sulfation of sialyl N-acetyllactosamine oligosaccharide chains attached to glycoproteins. Participates in biosynthesis of selectin ligands. Selectin ligands are present in high endothelial cells (HEVs) and play a central role in lymphocyte homing at sites of inflammation.

Gene Name:

CHST1

Uniprot ID:

O43916

Molecular weight:

46714.21

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate (By similarity).

Gene Name:

HS3ST4

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y661

Molecular weight:

49798.645

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of catecholamines, phenolic drugs and neurotransmitters. Is also responsible for the sulfonation and activation of minoxidil. Mediates the metabolic activation of carcinogenic N-hydroxyarylamines to DNA binding products and could so participate as modulating factor of cancer risk.

Gene Name:

SULT1A2

Uniprot ID:

P50226

Molecular weight:

34310.43

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to position 3 of glucosamine residues in heparan. Catalyzes the rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate (HSact). This modification is a crucial step in the biosynthesis of anticoagulant heparan sulfate as it completes the structure of the antithrombin pentasaccharide binding site. Also generates GlcUA-GlcNS or IdoUA-GlcNS and IdoUA2S-GlcNH2. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry.

Gene Name:

HS3ST5

Uniprot ID:

Q8IZT8

Molecular weight:

40407.865

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to an N-unsubstituted glucosamine linked to a 2-O-sulfo iduronic acid unit on heparan sulfate. Catalyzes the O-sulfation of glucosamine in GlcA2S-GlcNS. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS3ST2

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y278

Molecular weight:

41500.57

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides.

Gene Name:

TPST2

Uniprot ID:

O60704

Molecular weight:

41911.47

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of many hormones, neurotransmitters, drugs and xenobiotic compounds. Sulfonation increases the water solubility of most compounds, and therefore their renal excretion, but it can also result in bioactivation to form active metabolites. Sulfates hydroxysteroids like DHEA. Isoform 1 preferentially sulfonates cholesterol, and isoform 2 avidly sulfonates pregnenolone but not cholesterol.

Gene Name:

SULT2B1

Uniprot ID:

O00204

Molecular weight:

39598.595

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of phenolic monoamines (neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin) and phenolic and catechol drugs.

Gene Name:

SULT1A3

Uniprot ID:

P50224

Molecular weight:

34195.96

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. Preferentially acts on mannose-linked GlcNAc. Also able to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Also acts on core 2 mucin-type oligosaccharide and N-acetyllactosamine oligomer with a lower efficiency. Has weak or no activity toward keratan sulfate and oligosaccharides containing the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. Catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of beta-benzyl GlcNAc but not alpha- or beta-benzyl GalNAc.

Gene Name:

CHST7

Uniprot ID:

Q9NS84

Molecular weight:

54265.635

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of dermatan sulfate. Plays a pivotal role in the formation of 4-0-sulfated IdoA blocks in dermatan sulfate. Transfers sulfate to the C-4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with an alpha-linked iduronic acid (IdoUA) at the C-3 hydroxyl. Transfers sulfate more efficiently to GalNAc residues in -IdoUA-GalNAc-IdoUA- than in -GlcUA-GalNAc-GlcUA-sequences. Has preference for partially desulfated dermatan sulfate. Addition of sulfate to GalNAc may occur immediately after epimerization of GlcUA to IdoUA. GlcUA to IdoUA. Appears to have an important role in the formation of the cerbellar neural network during postnatal brain development.

Gene Name:

CHST14

Uniprot ID:

Q8NCH0

Molecular weight:

42996.535

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS6ST1

Uniprot ID:

O60243

Molecular weight:

48225.71

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS6ST2

Uniprot ID:

Q96MM7

Molecular weight:

73389.99

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

6-O-sulfation enzyme which catalyzes the transfer of sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to position 6 of the N-sulfoglucosamine residue (GlcNS) of heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS6ST3

Uniprot ID:

Q8IZP7

Molecular weight:

54843.27

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc(4SO4)-GlcA(2SO4)-GalNAc(6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. May also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and/or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression; however such results are unclear in vivo.

Gene Name:

CHST15

Uniprot ID:

Q7LFX5

Molecular weight:

64925.66

Reactions

General function:

Involved in inositol or phosphatidylinositol phosphatase activity

Specific function:

May play a role in the formation of skeletal elements derived through endochondral ossification, possibly by clearing adenosine 3',5'-bisphosphate produced by Golgi sulfotransferases during glycosaminoglycan sulfation (By similarity).

Gene Name:

IMPAD1

Uniprot ID:

Q9NX62

Molecular weight:

38681.15

Reactions

General function:

Involved in sulfotransferase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

TPST1

Uniprot ID:

A4D2M0

Molecular weight:

42188.1

General function:

Involved in magnesium ion binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the post-translational modification of target proteins by phosphopantetheine. Can transfer the 4'-phosphopantetheine moiety from coenzyme A to a serine residue of a broad range of acceptors, such as the acyl carrier domain of FASN.

Gene Name:

AASDHPPT

Uniprot ID:

Q9NRN7

Molecular weight:

35775.64

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) to catalyze the transfer of a sulfo group to heparan sulfate. The substrate-specific O-sulfation generates an enzyme-modified heparan sulfate which acts as a binding receptor to Herpes Simplex Virus-1 (HSV-1) and permits its entry. Unlike 3-OST-1, does not convert non-anticoagulant heparan sulfate to anticoagulant heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

HS3ST6

Uniprot ID:

Q96QI5

Molecular weight:

Not Available

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Plays a role in determining the extent and pattern of sulfation of heparan sulfate. Compared to other NDST enzymes, its presence is absolutely required. Participates in biosynthesis of heparan sulfate that can ultimately serve as L-selectin ligands, thereby playing a role in inflammatory response.

Gene Name:

NDST1

Uniprot ID:

P52848

Molecular weight:

100867.015

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Plays a role in determining the extent and pattern of sulfation of heparan sulfate.

Gene Name:

NDST2

Uniprot ID:

P52849

Molecular weight:

100873.72

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Has high deacetylase activity but low sulfotransferase activity.

Gene Name:

NDST3

Uniprot ID:

O95803

Molecular weight:

100901.23

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Essential bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes both the N-deacetylation and the N-sulfation of glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycosaminoglycan in heparan sulfate. Modifies the GlcNAc-GlcA disaccharide repeating sugar backbone to make N-sulfated heparosan, a prerequisite substrate for later modifications in heparin biosynthesis. Has low deacetylase activity but high sulfotransferase activity (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NDST4

Uniprot ID:

Q9H3R1

Molecular weight:

100714.905

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor and has low sulphotransferase activity towards various substrates with alcohol groups (in vitro). May catalyze the sulfate conjugation of xenobiotic compounds and endogenous substrates.

Gene Name:

SULT1C3

Uniprot ID:

Q6IMI6

Molecular weight:

35888.345

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the sulfate conjugation of thyroxine. Involved in the metabolism of thyroxine (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SULT6B1

Uniprot ID:

Q6IMI4

Molecular weight:

Not Available

Reactions

General function:

Not Available

Specific function:

Catalyzes the O-sulfation of tyrosine residues within acidic motifs of polypeptides.

Gene Name:

TPST1

Uniprot ID:

O60507

Molecular weight:

42188.075

Reactions