1. 5,6-Dihydro-5-methyluracil
2. 5,6-Dihydrothymine
3. 5-Methyl-5,6-dihydrouracil
4. 5-Methyldihydropyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione
5. 5-methyl-Hydrouracil
6. Dihydrothymine
7. dihydro-5-methyl-2,4(1H,3H)-Pyrimidinedione

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• Cytoplasm

• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 613161 (Beta-ureidopropionase deficiency)
• 222748 (Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency)

1. Assmann B, Hoffmann GF, Wagner L, Brautigam C, Seyberth HW, Duran M, Van Kuilenburg AB, Wevers R, Van Gennip AH: Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency and congenital microvillous atrophy: coincidence or genetic relation? J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Sep;20(5):681-8. [PubMed ]
2. van Lenthe H, van Kuilenburg AB, Ito T, Bootsma AH, van Cruchten A, Wada Y, van Gennip AH: Defects in pyrimidine degradation identified by HPLC-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of urine specimens or urine-soaked filter paper strips. Clin Chem. 2000 Dec;46(12):1916-22. [PubMed ]
3. Hofmann U, Schwab M, Seefried S, Marx C, Zanger UM, Eichelbaum M, Murdter TE: Sensitive method for the quantification of urinary pyrimidine metabolites in healthy adults by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2003 Jul 5;791(1-2):371-80. [PubMed ]
4. Rosenbaum K, Jahnke K, Curti B, Hagen WR, Schnackerz KD, Vanoni MA: Porcine recombinant dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase: comparison of the spectroscopic and catalytic properties of the wild-type and C671A mutant enzymes. Biochemistry. 1998 Dec 15;37(50):17598-609. [PubMed ]
5. Sumi S, Kidouchi K, Kondou M, Hayashi K, Dobashi K, Kouwaki M, Togari H, Wada Y: Possible prediction of adverse reactions to fluorouracil by the measurement of urinary dihydrothymine and thymine. Int J Mol Med. 1998 Oct;2(4):477-482. [PubMed ]
6. Van Kuilenburg AB, Van Lenthe H, Van Gennip AH: Identification and tissue-specific expression of a NADH-dependent activity of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in man. Anticancer Res. 1996 Jan-Feb;16(1):389-94. [PubMed ]
7. Kobayashi K, Sumi S, Kidouchi K, Mizuno I, Mohri N, Fukui T, Akamo Y, Takeyama H, Manabe T: [A case of gastric cancer with decreased dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase activity] Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 1998 Jul;25(8):1217-9. [PubMed ]
8. Sumi S, Imaeda M, Kidouchi K, Ohba S, Hamajima N, Kodama K, Togari H, Wada Y: Population and family studies of dihydropyrimidinuria: prevalence, inheritance mode, and risk of fluorouracil toxicity. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Jul 24;78(4):336-40. [PubMed ]

1. Dihydropyrimidinase
2. Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase [NADP+]

1. DHP
2. DHPase
3. Dihydropyrimidine amidohydrolase
4. Hydantoinase

MAAPSRLLIRGGRVVNDDFSEVADVLVEDGVVRALGHDLLPPGGAPAGLRVLDAAGKLVL
PGGIDTHTHMQFPFMGSRSIDDFHQGTKAALSGGTTMIIDFAIPQKGGSLIEAFETWRSW
ADPKVCCDYSLHVAVTWWSDQVKEEMKILVQDKGVNSFKMFMAYKDLYMVTDLELYEAFS
RCKEIGAIAQVHAENGDLIAEGAKKMLALGITGPEGHELCRPEAVEAEATLRAITIASAV
NCPLYIVHVMSKSAAKVIADARRDGKVVYGEPIAASLGTDGTHYWNKEWHHAAHHVMGPP
LRPDPSTPDFLMNLLANDDLTTTGTDNCTFNTCQKALGKDDFTKIPNGVNGVEDRMSVIW
EKGVHSGKMDENRFVAVTSTNAAKIFNLYPRKGRIAVGSDADIVIWDPKGTRTISAKTHH
QAVNFNIFEGMVCHGVPLVTISRGKVVYEAGVFSVTAGDGKFIPRKPFAEYIYKRIKQRD
RTCTPTPVERAPYKGEVATLKSRVTKEDATAGTRKQAHP

• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

• 5,6-dihydrouracil + H2O = 3-ureidopropanoate [RN:R02269]

• Amidohydro_1 (PF01979 )

• None

• None

ATGGCGGCGCCCTCGCGGCTCCTGATCCGCGGGGGTCGCGTGGTCAACGATGACTTCTCG
GAGGTGGCCGACGTGCTGGTGGAGGACGGCGTGGTGCGGGCACTCGGGCACGACCTGCTG
CCTCCCGGGGGCGCTCCTGCGGGGCTGCGGGTCCTCGACGCCGCCGGCAAGCTCGTCCTG
CCCGGAGGCATCGACACACACACGCACATGCAGTTCCCCTTCATGGGCTCGCGGTCCATC
GACGACTTCCACCAGGGCACCAAGGCTGCTCTCTCAGGAGGCACCACCATGATTATTGAT
TTCGCCATTCCTCAGAAAGGTGGCTCCCTCATTGAGGCCTTCGAGACCTGGCGAAGCTGG
GCTGATCCCAAAGTTTGCTGCGACTACAGCCTTCATGTGGCAGTGACGTGGTGGAGTGAC
CAGGTTAAAGAAGAAATGAAAATCCTTGTGCAAGATAAAGGTGTTAACTCTTTCAAGATG
TTTATGGCCTATAAAGATCTGTACATGGTGACAGACCTGGAGCTGTACGAAGCCTTCTCT
CGGTGCAAGGAAATTGGAGCAATTGCCCAGGTCCATGCGGAAAATGGAGACTTAATTGCA
GAGGGAGCAAAGAAGATGTTGGCTCTGGGGATAACAGGCCCTGAGGGCCACGAGCTGTGC
CGCCCAGAGGCAGTGGAGGCAGAGGCCACGCTGAGAGCCATCACCATAGCCAGCGCTGTG
AACTGTCCTCTCTACATTGTGCATGTGATGAGCAAGTCTGCAGCTAAGGTGATAGCGGAT
GCAAGGAGAGATGGGAAGGTGGTCTATGGTGAACCCATAGCAGCCAGTCTTGGCACAGAT
GGCACTCACTACTGGAATAAAGAATGGCACCATGCAGCCCACCATGTCATGGGTCCACCT
TTGCGACCAGACCCCTCAACACCCGACTTCCTCATGAATCTGTTGGCTAATGATGATCTA
ACCACAACAGGGACTGATAACTGCACTTTCAACACCTGCCAGAAAGCTCTTGGGAAGGAT
GATTTTACCAAGATCCCCAATGGGGTGAATGGTGTTGAAGATCGGATGTCCGTAATATGG
GAAAAAGGCGTGCATAGTGGTAAAATGGATGAAAACAGATTTGTGGCAGTTACCAGCACA
AATGCAGCCAAAATTTTTAATCTCTATCCAAGAAAAGGAAGAATAGCTGTAGGATCAGAT
GCTGACATTGTTATTTGGGACCCAAAAGGCACAAGGACTATCTCAGCAAAAACTCATCAT
CAGGCTGTTAACTTCAACATTTTCGAGGGCATGGTTTGCCACGGGGTGCCCCTTGTGACT
ATTTCAAGAGGCAAAGTGGTATATGAAGCCGGAGTGTTCAGTGTCACGGCAGGAGATGGG
AAGTTTATTCCTCGAAAACCATTTGCTGAATATATTTACAAACGAATAAAGCAGCGAGAC
CGGACTTGCACACCTACCCCTGTGGAGCGTGCACCCTATAAGGGAGAAGTCGCCACACTG
AAATCCAGAGTGACAAAAGAAGATGCCACAGCAGGGACCAGGAAACAGGCCCACCCCTGA

1. Hamajima N, Matsuda K, Sakata S, Tamaki N, Sasaki M, Nonaka M: A novel gene family defined by human dihydropyrimidinase and three related proteins with differential tissue distribution. Gene. 1996 Nov 21;180(1-2):157-63. [PubMed ]
2. Hamajima N, Kouwaki M, Vreken P, Matsuda K, Sumi S, Imaeda M, Ohba S, Kidouchi K, Nonaka M, Sasaki M, Tamaki N, Endo Y, De Abreu R, Rotteveel J, van Kuilenburg A, van Gennip A, Togari H, Wada Y: Dihydropyrimidinase deficiency: structural organization, chromosomal localization, and mutation analysis of the human dihydropyrimidinase gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Sep;63(3):717-26. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

1. DHPDHase
2. DPD
3. Dihydrothymine dehydrogenase
4. Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase

MAPVLSKDSADIESILALNPRTQTHATLCSTSAKKLDKKHWKRNPDKNCFNCEKLENNFD
DIKHTTLGERGALREAMRCLKCADAPCQKSCPTNLDIKSFITSIANKNYYGAAKMIFSDN
PLGLTCGMVCPTSDLCVGGCNLYATEEGPINIGGLQQFATEVFKAMSIPQIRNPSLPPPE
KMSEAYSAKIALFGAGPASISCASFLARLGYSDITIFEKQEYVGGLSTSEIPQFRLPYDV
VNFEIELMKDLGVKIICGKSLSVNEMTLSTLKEKGYKAAFIGIGLPEPNKDAIFQGLTQD
QGFYTSKDFLPLVAKGSKAGMCACHSPLPSIRGVVIVLGAGDTAFDCATSALRCGARRVF
IVFRKGFVNIRAVPEEMELAKEEKCEFLPFLSPRKVIVKGGRIVAMQFVRTEQDETGKWN
EDEDQMVHLKADVVISAFGSVLSDPKVKEALSPIKFNRWGLPEVDPETMQTSEAWVFAGG
DVVGLANTTVESVNDGKQASWYIHKYVQSQYGASVSAKPELPLFYTPIDLVDISVEMAGL
KFINPFGLASATPATSTSMIRRAFEAGWGFALTKTFSLDKDIVTNVSPRIIRGTTSGPMY
GPGQSSFLNIELISEKTAAYWCQSVTELKADFPDNIVIASIMCSYNKNDWTELAKKSEDS
GADALELNLSCPHGMGERGMGLACGQDPELVRNICRWVRQAVQIPFFAKLTPNVTDIVSI
ARAAKEGGANGVTATNTVSGLMGLKSDGTPWPAVGIAKRTTYGGVSGTAIRPIALRAVTS
IARALPGFPILATGGIDSAESGLQFLHSGASVLQVCSAIQNQDFTVIEDYCTGLKALLYL
KSIEELQDWDGQSPATVSHQKGKPVPRIAELMDKKLPSFGPYLEQRKKIIAENKIRLKEQ
NVAFSPLKRNCFIPKRPIPTIKDVIGKALQYLGTFGELSNVEQVVAMIDEEMCINCGKCY
MTCNDSGYQAIQFDPETHLPTITDTCTGCTLCLSVCPIVDCIKMVSRTTPYEPKRGVPLS
VNPVC

• Beta Alanine Metabolism (map00410 )
• Pantothenate and CoA Biosynthesis (map00770 )
• Pyrimidine Metabolism (map00240 )

• 5,6-dihydrouracil + NADP+ = uracil + NADPH + H+ [RN:R00978]

• DHO_dh (PF01180 )
• Pyr_redox_2 (PF07992 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCCCTGTGCTCAGTAAGGACTCGGCGGACATCGAGAGTATCCTGGCTTTAAATCCT
CGAACACAAACTCATGCAACTCTGTGTTCCACTTCGGCCAAGAAATTAGACAAGAAACAT
TGGAAAAGAAATCCTGATAAGAACTGCTTTAATTGTGAGAAGCTGGAGAATAATTTTGAT
GACATCAAGCACACGACTCTTGGTGAGCGAGGAGCTCTCCGAGAAGCAATGAGATGCCTG
AAATGTGCAGATGCCCCGTGTCAGAAGAGCTGTCCAACTAATCTTGATATTAAATCATTC
ATCACAAGTATTGCAAACAAGAACTATTATGGAGCTGCTAAGATGATATTTTCTGACAAC
CCACTTGGTCTGACTTGTGGAATGGTATGTCCAACCTCTGATCTTTGTGTAGGTGGATGC
AATTTATATGCCACTGAAGAGGGACCCATTAATATTGGTGGATTGCAGCAATTTGCTACT
GAGGTATTCAAAGCAATGAGTATCCCACAGATCAGAAATCCTTCGCTGCCTCCCCCAGAA
AAAATGTCTGAAGCCTATTCTGCAAAGATTGCTCTTTTTGGTGCTGGGCCTGCAAGTATA
AGTTGTGCTTCCTTTTTGGCTCGATTGGGGTACTCTGACATCACTATATTTGAAAAACAA
GAATATGTTGGTGGTTTAAGTACTTCTGAAATTCCTCAGTTCCGGCTGCCGTATGATGTA
GTGAATTTTGAGATTGAGCTAATGAAGGACCTTGGTGTAAAGATAATTTGCGGTAAAAGC
CTTTCAGTGAATGAAATGACTCTTAGCACTTTGAAAGAAAAAGGCTACAAAGCTGCTTTC
ATTGGAATAGGTTTGCCAGAACCCAATAAAGATGCCATCTTCCAAGGCCTGACGCAGGAC
CAGGGGTTTTATACATCCAAAGACTTTTTGCCACTTGTAGCCAAAGGCAGTAAAGCAGGA
ATGTGCGCCTGTCACTCTCCATTGCCATCGATACGGGGAGTCGTGATCGTACTTGGAGCT
GGAGACACTGCCTTTGACTGTGCAACATCTGCTCTACGTTGTGGAGCTCGCCGTGTGTTC
ATCGTCTTCAGAAAAGGCTTTGTTAATATAAGAGCTGTCCCTGAGGAGATGGAACTTGCT
AAGGAAGAAAAGTGTGAATTTCTGCCATTCCTGTCCCCACGGAAGGTTATAGTAAAAGGT
GGGAGAATTGTTGCTATGCAGTTTGTTCGGACAGAGCAAGATGAAACTGGAAAATGGAAT
GAAGATGAAGATCAGATGGTCCATCTGAAAGCCGATGTGGTCATCAGTGCCTTTGGTTCA
GTTCTGAGTGATCCTAAAGTAAAAGAAGCCTTGAGCCCTATAAAATTTAACAGATGGGGT
CTCCCAGAAGTAGATCCAGAAACTATGCAAACTAGTGAAGCATGGGTATTTGCAGGTGGT
GATGTCGTTGGTTTGGCTAACACTACAGTGGAATCGGTGAATGATGGAAAGCAAGCTTCT
TGGTACATTCACAAATACGTACAGTCACAATATGGAGCTTCCGTTTCTGCCAAGCCTGAA
CTACCCCTCTTTTACACTCCTATTGATCTGGTGGACATTAGTGTAGAAATGGCCGGATTG
AAGTTTATAAATCCTTTTGGTCTTGCTAGCGCAACTCCAGCCACCAGCACATCAATGATT
CGAAGAGCTTTTGAAGCTGGATGGGGTTTTGCCCTCACCAAAACTTTCTCTCTTGATAAG
GACATTGTGACAAATGTTTCCCCCAGAATCATCCGGGGAACCACCTCTGGCCCCATGTAT
GGCCCTGGACAAAGCTCCTTTCTGAATATTGAGCTCATCAGTGAGAAAACGGCTGCATAT
TGGTGTCAAAGTGTCACTGAACTAAAGGCTGACTTTCCAGACAACATTGTGATTGCTAGC
ATTATGTGCAGTTACAATAAAAATGACTGGACGGAACTTGCCAAGAAGTCTGAGGATTCT
GGAGCAGATGCCCTGGAGTTAAATTTATCATGTCCACATGGCATGGGAGAAAGAGGAATG
GGCCTGGCCTGTGGGCAGGATCCAGAGCTGGTGCGGAACATCTGCCGCTGGGTTAGGCAA
GCTGTTCAGATTCCTTTTTTTGCCAAGCTGACCCCAAATGTCACTGATATTGTGAGCATC
GCAAGAGCTGCAAAGGAAGGTGGTGCCAATGGCGTTACAGCCACCAACACTGTCTCAGGT
CTGATGGGATTAAAATCTGATGGCACACCTTGGCCAGCAGTGGGGATTGCAAAGCGAACT
ACATATGGAGGAGTGTCTGGGACAGCAATCAGACCTATTGCTTTGAGAGCTGTGACCTCC
ATTGCTCGTGCTCTGCCTGGATTTCCCATTTTGGCTACTGGTGGAATTGACTCTGCTGAA
AGTGGTCTTCAGTTTCTCCATAGTGGTGCTTCCGTCCTCCAGGTATGCAGTGCCATTCAG
AATCAGGATTTCACTGTGATCGAAGACTACTGCACTGGCCTCAAAGCCCTGCTTTATCTG
AAAAGCATTGAAGAACTACAAGACTGGGATGGACAGAGTCCAGCTACTGTGAGTCACCAG
AAAGGGAAACCAGTTCCACGTATAGCTGAACTCATGGACAAGAAACTGCCAAGTTTTGGA
CCTTATCTGGAACAGCGCAAGAAAATCATAGCAGAAAACAAGATTAGACTGAAAGAACAA
AATGTAGCTTTTTCACCACTTAAGAGAAACTGTTTTATCCCCAAAAGGCCTATTCCTACC
ATCAAGGATGTAATAGGAAAAGCACTGCAGTACCTTGGAACATTTGGTGAATTGAGCAAC
GTAGAGCAAGTTGTGGCTATGATTGATGAAGAAATGTGTATCAACTGTGGTAAATGCTAC
ATGACCTGTAATGATTCTGGCTACCAGGCTATACAGTTTGATCCAGAAACCCACCTGCCC
ACCATAACCGACACTTGTACAGGCTGTACTCTGTGTCTCAGTGTTTGCCCTATTGTCGAC
TGCATCAAAATGGTTTCCAGGACAACACCTTATGAACCAAAGAGAGGCGTACCCTTATCT
GTGAATCCGGTGTGTTAA

1. Yokota H, Fernandez-Salguero P, Furuya H, Lin K, McBride OW, Podschun B, Schnackerz KD, Gonzalez FJ: cDNA cloning and chromosome mapping of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase, an enzyme associated with 5-fluorouracil toxicity and congenital thymine uraciluria. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 16;269(37):23192-6. [PubMed ]
2. Johnson MR, Wang K, Tillmanns S, Albin N, Diasio RB: Structural organization of the human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene. Cancer Res. 1997 May 1;57(9):1660-3. [PubMed ]
3. Ogura K, Nishiyama T, Takubo H, Kato A, Okuda H, Arakawa K, Fukushima M, Nagayama S, Kawaguchi Y, Watabe T: Suicidal inactivation of human dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase by (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil derived from the antiviral, sorivudine. Cancer Lett. 1998 Jan 9;122(1-2):107-13. [PubMed ]
4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
5. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
7. Vreken P, Van Kuilenburg AB, Meinsma R, Smit GP, Bakker HD, De Abreu RA, van Gennip AH: A point mutation in an invariant splice donor site leads to exon skipping in two unrelated Dutch patients with dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19(5):645-54. [PubMed ]
8. Fernandez-Salguero PM, Sapone A, Wei X, Holt JR, Jones S, Idle JR, Gonzalez FJ: Lack of correlation between phenotype and genotype for the polymorphically expressed dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase in a family of Pakistani origin. Pharmacogenetics. 1997 Apr;7(2):161-3. [PubMed ]
9. Lu ZH, Zhang R, Diasio RB: Purification and characterization of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase from human liver. J Biol Chem. 1992 Aug 25;267(24):17102-9. [PubMed ]
10. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
11. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
12. Vreken P, Van Kuilenburg AB, Meinsma R, van Gennip AH: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) deficiency: identification and expression of missense mutations C29R, R886H and R235W. Hum Genet. 1997 Dec;101(3):333-8. [PubMed ]
13. Vreken P, Van Kuilenburg AB, Meinsma R, van Gennip AH: Identification of novel point mutations in the dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase gene. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Jul;20(3):335-8. [PubMed ]
14. Ley TJ, Mardis ER, Ding L, Fulton B, McLellan MD, Chen K, Dooling D, Dunford-Shore BH, McGrath S, Hickenbotham M, Cook L, Abbott R, Larson DE, Koboldt DC, Pohl C, Smith S, Hawkins A, Abbott S, Locke D, Hillier LW, Miner T, Fulton L, Magrini V, Wylie T, Glasscock J, Conyers J, Sander N, Shi X, Osborne JR, Minx P, Gordon D, Chinwalla A, Zhao Y, Ries RE, Payton JE, Westervelt P, Tomasson MH, Watson M, Baty J, Ivanovich J, Heath S, Shannon WD, Nagarajan R, Walter MJ, Link DC, Graubert TA, DiPersio JF, Wilson RK: DNA sequencing of a cytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukaemia genome. Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):66-72. [PubMed ]