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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:00:32 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:47:46 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0013940
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB13940
Metabolite Identification
Common Name3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital
Description3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital belongs to the class of organic compounds known as barbituric acid derivatives. Barbituric acid derivatives are compounds containing a perhydropyrimidine ring substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups. 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital is only found in individuals that have used or taken Hexobarbital.
Structure
Data?1582753156
Synonyms
ValueSource
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (R-(r*,s*))-isomerHMDB
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (r*,s*)-(+-)-isomerHMDB
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (S-(r*,r*))-isomerHMDB
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (S-(r*,s*))-isomerHMDB
3'-HydroxyhexobarbitoneHMDB
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (r*,r*-(+-))-isomerHMDB
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital, (R-(r*,r*))-isomerHMDB
3'-HydroxyhexobarbitalMeSH
Chemical FormulaC12H16N2O4
Average Molecular Weight252.2664
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight252.11100701
IUPAC Name5-(3-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1,5-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
Traditional Name5-(3-hydroxycyclohex-1-en-1-yl)-1,5-dimethyl-1,3-diazinane-2,4,6-trione
CAS Registry Number427-29-2
SMILES
CN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C12H16N2O4/c1-12(7-4-3-5-8(15)6-7)9(16)13-11(18)14(2)10(12)17/h6,8,15H,3-5H2,1-2H3,(H,13,16,18)
InChI KeyYHCGILGEMWNROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as barbituric acid derivatives. Barbituric acid derivatives are compounds containing a perhydropyrimidine ring substituted at C-2, -4 and -6 by oxo groups.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazines
Sub ClassPyrimidines and pyrimidine derivatives
Direct ParentBarbituric acid derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Barbiturate
  • N-acyl urea
  • Ureide
  • 1,3-diazinane
  • Dicarboximide
  • Urea
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carbonic acid derivative
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Azacycle
  • Alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility8.17 g/LALOGPS
logP0.21ALOGPS
logP0.017ChemAxon
logS-1.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)8.41ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-1.6ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area86.71 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity63.46 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability24.97 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+158.68331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-153.57731661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+156.5630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-154.16430932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-187.09630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+162.57830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+157.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+153.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+160.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+161.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-159.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-159.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-159.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3'-HydroxyhexobarbitalCN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O3256.1Standard polar33892256
3'-HydroxyhexobarbitalCN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O1977.1Standard non polar33892256
3'-HydroxyhexobarbitalCN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O2106.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,1TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2211.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,1TMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O2140.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2146.7Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2194.2Standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2806.8Standard polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)NC(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2439.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,1TBDMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O)CCC2)C1=O2366.3Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2560.1Semi standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2667.3Standard non polar33892256
3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C(=O)C(C)(C2=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CCC2)C1=O2954.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001d-6690000000-05c18e141ad01a2adfd52017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-062i-9473000000-3374ccd359522e2377a72017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-0090000000-d3579f75324ff06a24ad2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f8i-1940000000-84b97a4011e40fccdaa22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0fr6-9210000000-e03f70ca07d3170581db2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pbc-4290000000-ab688bc86fcdc5eba0172016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a59-6900000000-2ae667abb94e9cd35eaf2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9200000000-8982cefd0998a1157f872016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0390000000-87f2b4c898dc17fb4c052021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pdr-1940000000-69d47b739f3406aeb0e82021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a6r-3900000000-3696f584e9062a652dbd2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0090000000-e9b486d85964be835f032021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0fkc-1950000000-36c968a2e662679140882021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - 3'-Hydroxyhexobarbital 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9400000000-d7803e836a7cc1b7f4972021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID141004
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkNot Available
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound160460
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells.
Gene Name:
PTGS1
Uniprot ID:
P23219
Molecular weight:
68685.82
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Adedoyin A, Prakash C, O'Shea D, Blair IA, Wilkinson GR: Stereoselective disposition of hexobarbital and its metabolites: relationship to the S-mephenytoin polymorphism in Caucasian and Chinese subjects. Pharmacogenetics. 1994 Feb;4(1):27-38. [PubMed:8004130 ]
  3. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
  4. Lewis DF, Modi S, Dickins M: Structure-activity relationship for human cytochrome P450 substrates and inhibitors. Drug Metab Rev. 2002 Feb-May;34(1-2):69-82. [PubMed:11996013 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
Gene Name:
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID:
P05181
Molecular weight:
56848.42
References
  1. Ono S, Hatanaka T, Hotta H, Satoh T, Gonzalez FJ, Tsutsui M: Specificity of substrate and inhibitor probes for cytochrome P450s: evaluation of in vitro metabolism using cDNA-expressed human P450s and human liver microsomes. Xenobiotica. 1996 Jul;26(7):681-93. [PubMed:8819299 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L- glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist. May be involved in the transmission of light information from the retina to the hypothalamus. Modulates cell surface expression of NETO2
Gene Name:
GRIK2
Uniprot ID:
Q13002
Molecular weight:
102582.5
References
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [PubMed:11264449 ]
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [PubMed:10487207 ]
General function:
Involved in ionotropic glutamate receptor activity
Specific function:
Ionotropic glutamate receptor. L-glutamate acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter at many synapses in the central nervous system. Binding of the excitatory neurotransmitter L- glutamate induces a conformation change, leading to the opening of the cation channel, and thereby converts the chemical signal to an electrical impulse. The receptor then desensitizes rapidly and enters a transient inactive state, characterized by the presence of bound agonist
Gene Name:
GRIA2
Uniprot ID:
P42262
Molecular weight:
98820.3
References
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [PubMed:11264449 ]
  2. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [PubMed:10487207 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA1
Uniprot ID:
P14867
Molecular weight:
51801.4
References
  1. Whiting PJ: The GABAA receptor gene family: new opportunities for drug development. Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2003 Sep;6(5):648-57. [PubMed:14579514 ]
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. [PubMed:10209232 ]
  3. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [PubMed:11264449 ]
  4. Krasowski MD, Harrison NL: General anaesthetic actions on ligand-gated ion channels. Cell Mol Life Sci. 1999 Aug 15;55(10):1278-303. [PubMed:10487207 ]
  5. Tomlin SL, Jenkins A, Lieb WR, Franks NP: Preparation of barbiturate optical isomers and their effects on GABA(A) receptors. Anesthesiology. 1999 Jun;90(6):1714-22. [PubMed:10360871 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  7. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  8. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA2
Uniprot ID:
P47869
Molecular weight:
51325.9
References
  1. Yamakura T, Bertaccini E, Trudell JR, Harris RA: Anesthetics and ion channels: molecular models and sites of action. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 2001;41:23-51. [PubMed:11264449 ]
  2. Mehta AK, Ticku MK: An update on GABAA receptors. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 1999 Apr;29(2-3):196-217. [PubMed:10209232 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.