1. (+)-Galactose
2. D-(+)-Galactose
3. D-Galactose
4. Alpha-d-galactopyranose
5. Alpha d-galactose
6. GLA
7. GAL
8. Hexose
9. Alpha-d-galactose
10. Galactose
11. GLC
12. 5abp
13. 8abp
14. Galactose (NF);d-hexose

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
• Extracellular
• lysosome

• Blood
• Cellular Cytoplasm
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 230400 (Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency)
• 230400 (Galactosemia type 1)

1. Rapoport EM, Nekrasov MV, Khaidukov SV, Svirshchevskaya EV, Zhigis LS, Kozlov LV, Batalova TN, Zubov VP, Bovin NV: Cellular localization of the galactose-binding lectin from human serum. Biochemistry (Mosc). 2000 Nov;65(11):1316-20. [PubMed ]
2. Xu J, Ma M, Purcell WM: Optimizing the enzymatic determination of galactose in the culture medium of rat liver and HepG2 cell spheroids. Anal Biochem. 2002 Dec 15;311(2):179-81. [PubMed ]
3. Seiler CA, Renner EL, Czerniak A, Didonna D, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Early acute cellular rejection: no effect on late hepatic allograft function in man. Transpl Int. 1999;12(3):195-201. [PubMed ]
4. Schadewaldt P, Hammen HW, Loganathan K, Bodner-Leidecker A, Wendel U: Analysis of concentration and (13)C enrichment of D-galactose in human plasma. Clin Chem. 2000 May;46(5):612-9. [PubMed ]
5. Fenn PT, Ning C, Segal S, Blair IA: Determination of [(13)C]galactose enrichment in human plasma by gas chromatography/positive chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. J Mass Spectrom. 2000 Feb;35(2):218-23. [PubMed ]
6. van den Nieuwenhof IM, Renardel de Lavalette C, Diaz N, van Die I, van den Berg TK: Differential galactosylation of neuronal and haematopoietic signal regulatory protein-alpha determines its cellular binding-specificity. J Cell Sci. 2001 Apr;114(Pt 7):1321-9. [PubMed ]
7. Hernandez DE, Cohen A, Fisher D, Correnti M, Harner R: Antibody levels against galactosyl (alpha1 --> 3) galactose epitopes in cervical mucus from patients with human papillomavirus infection. Gynecol Oncol. 2002 Mar;84(3):374-7. [PubMed ]
8. Ono H, Mawatari H, Mizoguchi N, Eguchi T, Sakura N, Hamakawa M: Transient galactosemia detected by neonatal mass screening. Pediatr Int. 1999 Jun;41(3):281-4. [PubMed ]
9. Tamamori A, Fujimoto A, Okano Y, Kobayashi K, Saheki T, Tagami Y, Takei H, Shigematsu Y, Hata I, Ozaki H, Tokuhara D, Nishimura Y, Yorifuji T, Igarashi N, Ohura T, Shimizu T, Inui K, Sakai N, Abukawa D, Miyakawa T, Matsumori M, Ban K, Kaneko H, Yamano T: Effects of citrin deficiency in the perinatal period: feasibility of newborn mass screening for citrin deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2004 Oct;56(4):608-14. Epub 2004 Aug 4. [PubMed ]
10. Wang ZJ, Berry GT, Dreha SF, Zhao H, Segal S, Zimmerman RA: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of brain metabolites in galactosemia. Ann Neurol. 2001 Aug;50(2):266-9. [PubMed ]
11. Niebroj-Dobosz I, Janik P, Jamrozik Z, Kwiecinski H: Immunochemical quantification of glycoconjugates in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Eur J Neurol. 1999 May;6(3):335-40. [PubMed ]
12. Schmidt LE, Ott P, Tygstrup N: Galactose elimination capacity as a prognostic marker in patients with severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity: 10 years' experience. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 May;2(5):418-24. [PubMed ]
13. Vironen J, Kellokumpu S, Andersson LC, Kellokumpu I: Comparison of a peanut agglutinin test and an immunochemical faecal occult blood test in detecting colorectal neoplasia in symptomatic patients. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2004 Apr;64(2):140-5. [PubMed ]
14. Yago H, Kohgo Y, Kato J, Watanabe N, Sakamaki S, Niitsu Y: Detection and quantification of soluble asialoglycoprotein receptor in human serum. Hepatology. 1995 Feb;21(2):383-8. [PubMed ]
15. Chen J, Yager C, Reynolds R, Palmieri M, Segal S: Erythrocyte galactose 1-phosphate quantified by isotope-dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clin Chem. 2002;48(4):604-12. [PubMed ]
16. Mizoguchi N, Ono H, Eguchi T, Sakura N: Galactose metabolites in blood from neonates with and without hypergalactosaemia detected by mass screening. Eur J Pediatr. 2000 Nov;159(11):851-3. [PubMed ]
17. Silwood CJ, Lynch E, Claxson AW, Grootveld MC: 1H and (13)C NMR spectroscopic analysis of human saliva. J Dent Res. 2002 Jun;81(6):422-7. [PubMed ]
18. Ning C, Segal S: Plasma galactose and galactitol concentration in patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency galactosemia: determination by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Metabolism. 2000 Nov;49(11):1460-6. [PubMed ]
19. Ning C, Reynolds R, Chen J, Yager C, Berry GT, McNamara PD, Leslie N, Segal S: Galactose metabolism by the mouse with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency. Pediatr Res. 2000 Aug;48(2):211-7. [PubMed ]
20. Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed ]
21. Cavalli C, Teng C, Battaglia FC, Bevilacqua G: Free sugar and sugar alcohol concentrations in human breast milk. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2006 Feb;42(2):215-21. [PubMed ]
22. Shamsuddin AM, Tyner GT, Yang GY: Common expression of the tumor marker D-galactose-beta-[1-->3]-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine by different adenocarcinomas: evidence of field effect phenomenon. Cancer Res. 1995 Jan 1;55(1):149-52. [PubMed ]
23. Wan CC, Muldrey JE, Li SC, Li YT: beta-Mannosidase from the mushroom Polyporus sulfureus. J Biol Chem. 1976 Jul 25;251(14):4384-8. [PubMed ]
24. Redaelli CA, Dufour JF, Wagner M, Schilling M, Husler J, Krahenbuhl L, Buchler MW, Reichen J: Preoperative galactose elimination capacity predicts complications and survival after hepatic resection. Ann Surg. 2002 Jan;235(1):77-85. [PubMed ]
25. Rudzeviciene O, Narkeviciute I, Eidukevicius R: Lactose malabsorption in young Lithuanian children with atopic dermatitis. Acta Paediatr. 2004 Apr;93(4):482-6. [PubMed ]
26. Wikipedia

1. Aldose reductase
2. Galactocerebrosidase
3. Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase
4. Alpha-galactosidase A
5. Beta-galactosidase
6. Galactokinase
7. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase
8. Maltase-glucoamylase, intestinal
9. Neutral alpha-glucosidase C
10. Putative uncharacterized protein GAA
11. Collectin-12
12. Galactokinase 2 variant
13. cDNA, FLJ93978, Homo sapiens aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (aldosereductase) (AKR1B1), mRNA (Aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (Aldose reductase), isoform CRA_a)

1. AR
2. Aldehyde reductase
3. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1

MASRLLLNNGAKMPILGLGTWKSPPGQVTEAVKVAIDVGYRHIDCAHVYQNENEVGVAIQ
EKLREQVVKREELFIVSKLWCTYHEKGLVKGACQKTLSDLKLDYLDLYLIHWPTGFKPGK
EFFPLDESGNVVPSDTNILDTWAAMEELVDEGLVKAIGISNFNHLQVEMILNKPGLKYKP
AVNQIECHPYLTQEKLIQYCQSKGIVVTAYSPLGSPDRPWAKPEDPSLLEDPRIKAIAAK
HNKTTAQVLIRFPMQRNLVVIPKSVTPERIAENFKVFDFELSSQDMTTLLSYNRNWRVCA
LLSCTSHKDYPFHEEF

• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• alditol + NAD(P)+ = aldose + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R02819 R02820]

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None

ATGGCAAGCCGTCTCCTGCTCAACAACGGCGCCAAGATGCCCATCCTGGGGTTGGGTACC
TGGAAGTCCCCTCCAGGGCAGGTGACTGAGGCCGTGAAGGTGGCCATTGACGTCGGGTAC
CGCCACATCGACTGTGCCCATGTGTACCAGAATGAGAATGAGGTGGGGGTGGCCATTCAG
GAGAAGCTCAGGGAGCAGGTGGTGAAGCGTGAGGAGCTCTTCATCGTCAGCAAGCTGTGG
TGCACGTACCATGAGAAGGGCCTGGTGAAAGGAGCCTGCCAGAAGACACTCAGCGACCTG
AAGCTGGACTACCTGGACCTCTACCTTATTCACTGGCCGACTGGCTTTAAGCCTGGGAAG
GAATTTTTCCCATTGGATGAGTCGGGCAATGTGGTTCCCAGTGACACCAACATTCTGGAC
ACGTGGGCGGCCATGGAAGAGCTGGTGGATGAAGGGCTGGTGAAAGCTATTGGCATCTCC
AACTTCAACCATCTCCAGGTGGAGATGATCTTAAACAAACCTGGCTTGAAGTATAAGCCT
GCAGTTAACCAGATTGAGTGCCACCCATATCTCACTCAGGAGAAGTTAATCCAGTACTGC
CAGTCCAAAGGCATCGTGGTGACCGCCTACAGCCCCCTCGGCTCTCCTGACAGGCCCTGG
GCCAAGCCCGAGGACCCTTCTCTCCTGGAGGATCCCAGGATCAAGGCGATCGCAGCCAAG
CACAATAAAACTACAGCCCAGGTCCTGATCCGGTTCCCCATGCAGAGGAACTTGGTGGTG
ATCCCCAAGTCTGTGACACCAGAACGCATTGCTGAGAACTTTAAGGTCTTTGACTTTGAA
CTGAGCAGCCAGGATATGACCACCTTACTCAGCTACAACAGGAACTGGAGGGTCTGTGCC
TTGTTGAGCTGTACCTCCCACAAGGATTACCCCTTCCATGAAGAGTTTTGA

1. Bohren KM, Bullock B, Wermuth B, Gabbay KH: The aldo-keto reductase superfamily. cDNAs and deduced amino acid sequences of human aldehyde and aldose reductases. J Biol Chem. 1989 Jun 5;264(16):9547-51. [PubMed ]
2. Chung S, LaMendola J: Cloning and sequence determination of human placental aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1989 Sep 5;264(25):14775-7. [PubMed ]
3. Graham A, Hedge PJ, Powell SJ, Riley J, Brown L, Gammack A, Carey F, Markham AF: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA for human aldose reductase. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Oct 25;17(20):8368. [PubMed ]
4. Grundmann U, Bohn H, Obermeier R, Amann E: Cloning and prokaryotic expression of a biologically active human placental aldose reductase. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 Apr;9(3):149-57. [PubMed ]
5. Nishimura C, Matsuura Y, Kokai Y, Akera T, Carper D, Morjana N, Lyons C, Flynn TG: Cloning and expression of human aldose reductase. J Biol Chem. 1990 Jun 15;265(17):9788-92. [PubMed ]
6. Graham A, Brown L, Hedge PJ, Gammack AJ, Markham AF: Structure of the human aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):6872-7. [PubMed ]
7. Ko BC, Ruepp B, Bohren KM, Gabbay KH, Chung SS: Identification and characterization of multiple osmotic response sequences in the human aldose reductase gene. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 27;272(26):16431-7. [PubMed ]
8. Hartmann TB, Thiel D, Dummer R, Schadendorf D, Eichmuller S: SEREX identification of new tumour-associated antigens in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Br J Dermatol. 2004 Feb;150(2):252-8. [PubMed ]
9. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
10. Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]
11. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
12. Ferraretto A, Negri A, Giuliani A, De Grada L, Fuhrman Conti AM, Ronchi S: Aldose reductase is involved in long-term adaptation of EUE cells to hyperosmotic stress. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Feb 17;1175(3):283-8. [PubMed ]
13. Morjana NA, Lyons C, Flynn TG: Aldose reductase from human psoas muscle. Affinity labeling of an active site lysine by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and pyridoxal 5'-diphospho-5'-adenosine. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 15;264(5):2912-9. [PubMed ]
14. Liu SQ, Bhatnagar A, Ansari NH, Srivastava SK: Identification of the reactive cysteine residue in human placenta aldose reductase. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Aug 7;1164(3):268-72. [PubMed ]
15. Jaquinod M, Potier N, Klarskov K, Reymann JM, Sorokine O, Kieffer S, Barth P, Andriantomanga V, Biellmann JF, Van Dorsselaer A: Sequence of pig lens aldose reductase and electrospray mass spectrometry of non-covalent and covalent complexes. Eur J Biochem. 1993 Dec 15;218(3):893-903. [PubMed ]
16. Tarle I, Borhani DW, Wilson DK, Quiocho FA, Petrash JM: Probing the active site of human aldose reductase. Site-directed mutagenesis of Asp-43, Tyr-48, Lys-77, and His-110. J Biol Chem. 1993 Dec 5;268(34):25687-93. [PubMed ]
17. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed ]
18. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
19. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
20. Wilson DK, Bohren KM, Gabbay KH, Quiocho FA: An unlikely sugar substrate site in the 1.65 A structure of the human aldose reductase holoenzyme implicated in diabetic complications. Science. 1992 Jul 3;257(5066):81-4. [PubMed ]
21. Borhani DW, Harter TM, Petrash JM: The crystal structure of the aldose reductase.NADPH binary complex. J Biol Chem. 1992 Dec 5;267(34):24841-7. [PubMed ]
22. Wilson DK, Tarle I, Petrash JM, Quiocho FA: Refined 1.8 A structure of human aldose reductase complexed with the potent inhibitor zopolrestat. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 1;90(21):9847-51. [PubMed ]
23. Harrison DH, Bohren KM, Petsko GA, Ringe D, Gabbay KH: The alrestatin double-decker: binding of two inhibitor molecules to human aldose reductase reveals a new specificity determinant. Biochemistry. 1997 Dec 23;36(51):16134-40. [PubMed ]
24. Ruiz F, Hazemann I, Mitschler A, Joachimiak A, Schneider T, Karplus M, Podjarny A: The crystallographic structure of the aldose reductase-IDD552 complex shows direct proton donation from tyrosine 48. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2004 Aug;60(Pt 8):1347-54. Epub 2004 Jul 21. [PubMed ]
25. Howard EI, Sanishvili R, Cachau RE, Mitschler A, Chevrier B, Barth P, Lamour V, Van Zandt M, Sibley E, Bon C, Moras D, Schneider TR, Joachimiak A, Podjarny A: Ultrahigh resolution drug design I: details of interactions in human aldose reductase-inhibitor complex at 0.66 A. Proteins. 2004 Jun 1;55(4):792-804. [PubMed ]
26. Steuber H, Zentgraf M, Podjarny A, Heine A, Klebe G: High-resolution crystal structure of aldose reductase complexed with the novel sulfonyl-pyridazinone inhibitor exhibiting an alternative active site anchoring group. J Mol Biol. 2006 Feb 10;356(1):45-56. Epub 2005 Nov 10. [PubMed ]
27. Biadene M, Hazemann I, Cousido A, Ginell S, Joachimiak A, Sheldrick GM, Podjarny A, Schneider TR: The atomic resolution structure of human aldose reductase reveals that rearrangement of a bound ligand allows the opening of the safety-belt loop. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2007 Jun;63(Pt 6):665-72. Epub 2007 May 15. [PubMed ]
28. Steuber H, Zentgraf M, La Motta C, Sartini S, Heine A, Klebe G: Evidence for a novel binding site conformer of aldose reductase in ligand-bound state. J Mol Biol. 2007 May 25;369(1):186-97. Epub 2007 Mar 15. [PubMed ]
29. Steuber H, Heine A, Klebe G: Structural and thermodynamic study on aldose reductase: nitro-substituted inhibitors with strong enthalpic binding contribution. J Mol Biol. 2007 May 4;368(3):618-38. Epub 2006 Dec 15. [PubMed ]

1. GALCERase
2. Galactocerebroside beta-galactosidase
3. Galactosylceramidase
4. Galactosylceramide beta-galactosidase

MAEWLLSASWQRRAKAMTAAAGSAGRAAVPLLLCALLAPGGAYVLDDSDGLGREFDGIGA
VSGGGATSRLLVNYPEPYRSQILDYLFKPNFGASLHILKVEIGGDGQTTDGTEPSHMHYA
LDENYFRGYEWWLMKEAKKRNPNITLIGLPWSFPGWLGKGFDWPYVNLQLTAYYVVTWIV
GAKRYHDLDIDYIGIWNERSYNANYIKILRKMLNYQGLQRVKIIASDNLWESISASMLLD
AELFKVVDVIGAHYPGTHSAKDAKLTGKKLWSSEDFSTLNSDMGAGCWGRILNQNYINGY
MTSTIAWNLVASYYEQLPYGRCGLMTAQEPWSGHYVVESPVWVSAHTTQFTQPGWYYLKT
VGHLEKGGSYVALTDGLGNLTIIIETMSHKHSKCIRPFLPYFNVSQQFATFVLKGSFSEI
PELQVWYTKLGKTSERFLFKQLDSLWLLDSDGSFTLSLHEDELFTLTTLTTGRKGSYPLP
PKSQPFPSTYKDDFNVDYPFFSEAPNFADQTGVFEYFTNIEDPGEHHFTLRQVLNQRPIT
WAADASNTISIIGDYNWTNLTIKCDVYIETPDTGGVFIAGRVNKGGILIRSARGIFFWIF
ANGSYRVTGDLAGWIIYALGRVEVTAKKWYTLTLTIKGHFASGMLNDKSLWTDIPVNFPK
NGWAAIGTHSFEFAQFDNFLVEATR

• Sphingolipid Metabolism (map00600 )

• D-galactosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-galactose + N-acylsphingosine [RN:R03617]

• Glyco_hydro_59 (PF02057 )

• 1-42

• None

ATGGCTGAGTGGCTACTCTCGGCTTCCTGGCAACGCCGAGCGAAAGCTATGACTGCGGCC
GCGGGTTCGGCGGGCCGCGCCGCGGTGCCCTTGCTGCTGTGTGCGCTGCTGGCGCCCGGC
GGCGCGTACGTGCTCGACGACTCCGACGGGCTGGGCCGGGAGTTCGACGGCATCGGCGCG
GTCAGCGGCGGCGGGGCAACCTCCCGACTTCTAGTAAATTACCCAGAGCCCTATCGTTCT
CAGATATTGGATTATCTCTTTAAGCCGAATTTTGGTGCCTCTTTGCATATTTTAAAAGTG
GAAATAGGTGGTGATGGGCAGACAACAGACGGCACTGAGCCCTCCCACATGCATTATGCA
CTAGATGAGAATTATTTCCGAGGATACGAGTGGTGGTTGATGAAAGAAGCTAAGAAGAGG
AATCCCAATATTACACTCATTGGGTTGCCATGGTCATTCCCTGGATGGCTGGGAAAAGGT
TTCGACTGGCCTTATGTCAATCTTCAGCTGACTGCCTATTATGTCGTGACCTGGATTGTG
GGCGCCAAGCGTTACCATGATTTGGACATTGATTATATTGGAATTTGGAATGAGAGGTCA
TATAATGCCAATTATATTAAGATATTAAGAAAAATGCTGAATTATCAAGGTCTCCAGCGA
GTGAAAATCATAGCAAGTGATAATCTCTGGGAGTCCATCTCTGCATCCATGCTCCTTGAT
GCCGAACTCTTCAAGGTGGTTGATGTTATAGGGGCTCATTATCCTGGAACCCATTCAGCA
AAAGATGCAAAGTTGACTGGGAAGAAGCTTTGGTCTTCTGAAGACTTTAGCACTTTAAAT
AGTGACATGGGTGCAGGCTGCTGGGGTCGCATTTTAAATCAGAATTATATCAATGGCTAT
ATGACTTCCACAATCGCATGGAATTTAGTGGCTAGTTACTATGAACAGTTGCCTTATGGG
AGATGCGGGTTGATGACGGCCCAGGAGCCATGGAGTGGGCACTACGTGGTAGAATCTCCT
GTCTGGGTATCAGCTCATACCACTCAGTTTACTCAACCTGGCTGGTATTACCTGAAGACA
GTTGGCCATTTAGAGAAAGGAGGAAGCTACGTAGCTCTGACTGATGGCTTAGGGAACCTC
ACCATCATCATTGAAACCATGAGTCATAAACATTCTAAGTGCATACGGCCATTTCTTCCT
TATTTCAATGTGTCACAACAATTTGCCACCTTTGTTCTTAAGGGATCTTTTAGTGAAATA
CCAGAGCTACAGGTATGGTATACCAAACTTGGAAAAACATCCGAAAGATTTCTTTTTAAG
CAGCTGGATTCTCTATGGCTCCTTGACAGCGATGGCAGTTTCACACTGAGCCTGCATGAA
GATGAGCTGTTCACACTCACCACTCTCACCACTGGTCGCAAAGGCAGCTACCCGCTTCCT
CCAAAATCCCAGCCCTTCCCAAGTACCTATAAGGATGATTTCAATGTTGATTACCCATTT
TTTAGTGAAGCTCCAAACTTTGCTGATCAAACTGGTGTATTTGAATATTTTACAAATATT
GAAGACCCTGGCGAGCATCACTTCACGCTACGCCAAGTTCTCAACCAGAGACCCATTACG
TGGGCTGCCGATGCATCCAACACAATCAGTATTATAGGAGACTACAACTGGACCAATCTG
ACTATAAAGTGTGATGTATACATAGAGACCCCTGACACAGGAGGTGTGTTCATTGCAGGA
AGAGTAAATAAAGGTGGTATTTTGATTAGAAGTGCCAGAGGAATTTTCTTCTGGATTTTT
GCAAATGGATCTTACAGGGTTACAGGTGATTTAGCTGGATGGATTATATATGCTTTAGGA
CGTGTTGAAGTTACAGCAAAAAAATGGTATACACTCACGTTAACTATTAAGGGTCATTTC
ACCTCTGGCATGCTGAATGACAAGTCTCTGTGGACAGACATCCCTGTGAATTTTCCAAAG
AATGGCTGGGCTGCAATTGGAACTCACTCCTTTGAATTTGCACAGTTTGACAACTTTCTT
GTGGAAGCCACACGCTAA

1. Luzi P, Rafi MA, Wenger DA: Structure and organization of the human galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. Genomics. 1995 Mar 20;26(2):407-9. [PubMed ]
2. Sakai N, Fukushima H, Inui K, Fu L, Nishigaki T, Yanagihara I, Tatsumi N, Ozono K, Okada S: Human galactocerebrosidase gene: promoter analysis of the 5'-flanking region and structural organization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1998 Jan 7;1395(1):62-7. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed ]
5. Chen YQ, Rafi MA, de Gala G, Wenger DA: Cloning and expression of cDNA encoding human galactocerebrosidase, the enzyme deficient in globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1841-5. [PubMed ]
6. Sakai N, Inui K, Fujii N, Fukushima H, Nishimoto J, Yanagihara I, Isegawa Y, Iwamatsu A, Okada S: Krabbe disease: isolation and characterization of a full-length cDNA for human galactocerebrosidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1994 Jan 28;198(2):485-91. [PubMed ]
7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
8. Chen YQ, Wenger DA: Galactocerebrosidase from human urine: purification and partial characterization. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Sep 29;1170(1):53-61. [PubMed ]
9. Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P: Molecular genetics of Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy): diagnostic and clinical implications. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(4):268-79. [PubMed ]
10. Wenger DA, Rafi MA, Luzi P, Datto J, Costantino-Ceccarini E: Krabbe disease: genetic aspects and progress toward therapy. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 May;70(1):1-9. [PubMed ]
11. Rafi MA, Luzi P, Chen YQ, Wenger DA: A large deletion together with a point mutation in the GALC gene is a common mutant allele in patients with infantile Krabbe disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Aug;4(8):1285-9. [PubMed ]
12. Tatsumi N, Inui K, Sakai N, Fukushima H, Nishimoto J, Yanagihara I, Nishigaki T, Tsukamoto H, Fu L, Taniike M, et al.: Molecular defects in Krabbe disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Oct;4(10):1865-8. [PubMed ]
13. De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato EL, Battistini S, MacFarlane H, Gusella JF, Krivit W, Kolodny EH: Molecular heterogeneity of late-onset forms of globoid-cell leukodystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;59(6):1233-42. [PubMed ]
14. Rafi MA, Luzi P, Zlotogora J, Wenger DA: Two different mutations are responsible for Krabbe disease in the Druze and Moslem Arab populations in Israel. Hum Genet. 1996 Mar;97(3):304-8. [PubMed ]
15. Furuya H, Kukita Y, Nagano S, Sakai Y, Yamashita Y, Fukuyama H, Inatomi Y, Saito Y, Koike R, Tsuji S, Fukumaki Y, Hayashi K, Kobayashi T: Adult onset globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe disease): analysis of galactosylceramidase cDNA from four Japanese patients. Hum Genet. 1997 Sep;100(3-4):450-6. [PubMed ]
16. De Gasperi R, Gama Sosa MA, Sartorato E, Battistini S, Raghavan S, Kolodny EH: Molecular basis of late-life globoid cell leukodystrophy. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(3):256-62. [PubMed ]
17. Fu L, Inui K, Nishigaki T, Tatsumi N, Tsukamoto H, Kokubu C, Muramatsu T, Okada S: Molecular heterogeneity of Krabbe disease. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1999 Apr;22(2):155-62. [PubMed ]

1. Lactase-glycosylceramidase
2. Lactase
3. Phlorizin hydrolase

MELSWHVVFIALLSFSCWGSDWESDRNFISTAGPLTNDLLHNLSGLLGDQSSNFVAGDKD
MYVCHQPLPTFLPEYFSSLHASQITHYKVFLSWAQLLPAGSTQNPDEKTVQCYRRLLKAL
KTARLQPMVILHHQTLPASTLRRTEAFADLFADYATFAFHSFGDLVGIWFTFSDLEEVIK
ELPHQESRASQLQTLSDAHRKAYEIYHESYAFQGGKLSVVLRAEDIPELLLEPPISALAQ
DTVDFLSLDLSYECQNEASLRQKLSKLQTIEPKVKVFIFNLKLPDCPSTMKNPASLLFSL
FEAINKDQVLTIGFDINEFLSCSSSSKKSMSCSLTGSLALQPDQQQDHETTDSSPASAYQ
RVWEAFANQSRAERDAFLQDTFPEGFLWGASTGAFNVEGGWAEGGRGVSIWDPRRPLNTT
EGQATLEVASDSYHKVASDVALLCGLRAQVYKFSISWSRIFPMGHGSSPSLPGVAYYNKL
IDRLQDAGIEPMATLFHWDLPQALQDHGGWQNESVVDAFLDYAAFCFSTFGDRVKLWVTF
HEPWVMSYAGYGTGQHPPGISDPGVASFKVAHLVLKAHARTWHHYNSHHRPQQQGHVGIV
LNSDWAEPLSPERPEDLRASERFLHFMLGWFAHPVFVDGDYPATLRTQIQQMNRQCSHPV
AQLPEFTEAEKQLLKGSADFLGLSHYTSRLISNAPQNTCIPSYDTIGGFSQHVNHVWPQT
SSSWIRVVPWGIRRLLQFVSLEYTRGKVPIYLAGNGMPIGESENLFDDSLRVDYFNQYIN
EVLKAIKEDSVDVRSYIARSLIDGFEGPSGYSQRFGLHHVNFSDSSKSRTPRKSAYFFTS
IIEKNGFLTKGAKRLLPPNTVNLPSKVRAFTFPSEVPSKAKVVWEKFSSQPKFERDLFYH
GTFRDDFLWGVSSSAYQIEGAWDADGKGPSIWDNFTHTPGSNVKDNATGDIACDSYHQLD
ADLNMLRALKVKAYRFSISWSRIFPTGRNSSINSHGVDYYNRLINGLVASNIFPMVTLFH
WDLPQALQDIGGWENPALIDLFDSYADFCFQTFGDRVKFWMTFNEPMYLAWLGYGSGEFP
PGVKDPGWAPYRIAHAVIKAHARVYHTYDEKYRQEQKGVISLSLSTHWAEPKSPGVPRDV
EAADRMLQFSLGWFAHPIFRNGDYPDTMKWKVGNRSELQHLATSRLPSFTEEEKRFIRAT
ADVFCLNTYYSRIVQHKTPRLNPPSYEDDQEMAEEEDPSWPSTAMNRAAPWGTRRLLNWI
KEEYGDIPIYITENGVGLTNPNTEDTDRIFYHKTYINEALKAYRLDGIDLRGYVAWSLMD
NFEWLNGYTVKFGLYHVDFNNTNRPRTARASARYYTEVITNNGMPLAREDEFLYGRFPEG
FIWSAASAAYQIEGAWRADGKGLSIWDTFSHTPLRVENDAIGDVACDSYHKIAEDLVTLQ
NLGVSHYRFSISWSRILPDGTTRYINEAGLNYYVRLIDTLLAASIQPQVTIYHWDLPQTL
QDVGGWENETIVQRFKEYADVLFQRLGDKVKFWITLNEPFVIAYQGYGYGTAAPGVSNRP
GTAPYIVGHNLIKAHAEAWHLYNDVYRASQGGVISITISSDWAEPRDPSNQEDVEAARRY
VQFMGGWFAHPIFKNGDYNEVMKTRIRDRSLAAGLNKSRLPEFTESEKRRINGTYDFFGF
NHYTTVLAYNLNYATAISSFDADRGVASIADRSWPDSGSFWLKMTPFGFRRILNWLKEEY
NDPPIYVTENGVSQREETDLNDTARIYYLRTYINEALKAVQDKVDLRGYTVWSAMDNFEW
ATGFSERFGLHFVNYSDPSLPRIPKASAKFYASVVRCNGFPDPATGPHACLHQPDAGPTI
SPVRQEEVQFLGLMLGTTEAQTALYVLFSLVLLGVCGLAFLSYKYCKRSKQGKTQRSQQE
LSPVSSF

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )

• lactose + H2O = D-galactose + D-glucose [RN:R01100 R06114]

• Glyco_hydro_1 (PF00232 )

• 1-19

• 1883-1901

ATGGAGCTGTCTTGGCATGTAGTCTTTATTGCCCTGCTAAGTTTTTCATGCTGGGGGTCA
GACTGGGAGTCTGATAGAAATTTCATTTCCACCGCTGGTCCTCTAACCAATGACTTGCTG
CACAACCTGAGTGGTCTCCTGGGAGACCAGAGTTCTAACTTTGTAGCAGGGGACAAAGAC
ATGTATGTTTGTCACCAGCCACTGCCCACTTTCCTGCCAGAATACTTCAGCAGTCTCCAT
GCCAGTCAGATCACCCATTATAAGGTATTTCTGTCATGGGCACAGCTCCTCCCAGCAGGA
AGCACCCAGAATCCAGACGAGAAAACAGTGCAGTGCTACCGGCGACTCCTCAAGGCCCTC
AAGACTGCACGGCTTCAGCCCATGGTCATCCTGCACCACCAGACCCTCCCTGCCAGCACC
CTCCGGAGAACCGAAGCCTTTGCTGACCTCTTCGCCGACTATGCCACATTCGCCTTCCAC
TCCTTCGGGGACCTAGTTGGGATCTGGTTCACCTTCAGTGACTTGGAGGAAGTGATCAAG
GAGCTTCCCCACCAGGAATCAAGAGCGTCACAACTCCAGACCCTCAGTGATGCCCACAGA
AAAGCCTATGAGATTTACCACGAAAGCTATGCTTTTCAGGGCGGAAAACTCTCTGTTGTC
CTGCGAGCTGAAGATATCCCGGAGCTCCTGCTAGAACCACCCATATCTGCGCTTGCCCAG
GACACGGTCGATTTCCTCTCTCTTGATTTGTCTTATGAATGCCAAAATGAGGCAAGTCTG
CGGCAGAAGCTGAGTAAATTGCAGACCATTGAGCCAAAAGTGAAAGTTTTCATCTTCAAC
CTAAAACTCCCAGACTGCCCCTCCACCATGAAGAACCCAGCCAGTCTGCTCTTCAGCCTT
TTTGAAGCCATAAATAAAGACCAAGTGCTCACCATTGGGTTTGATATTAATGAGTTTCTG
AGTTGTTCATCAAGTTCCAAGAAAAGCATGTCTTGTTCTCTGACTGGCAGCCTGGCCCTT
CAGCCTGACCAGCAGCAGGACCACGAGACCACGGACTCCTCTCCTGCCTCTGCCTATCAG
AGAGTCTGGGAAGCATTTGCCAATCAGTCCAGAGCGGAAAGGGATGCCTTCCTGCAGGAT
ACTTTCCCTGAAGGCTTCCTCTGGGGTGCCTCCACAGGAGCCTTTAACGTGGAAGGAGGC
TGGGCCGAGGGTGGGAGAGGGGTGAGCATCTGGGATCCACGCAGGCCCCTGAACACCACT
GAGGGCCAAGCGACGCTGGAGGTGGCCAGCGACAGTTACCACAAGGTAGCCTCTGACGTC
GCCCTGCTTTGCGGCCTCCGGGCTCAGGTGTACAAGTTCTCCATCTCCTGGTCCCGGATC
TTCCCCATGGGGCACGGGAGCAGCCCCAGCCTCCCAGGCGTTGCCTACTACAACAAGCTG
ATTGACAGGCTACAGGATGCGGGCATCGAGCCCATGGCCACGCTGTTCCACTGGGACCTG
CCTCAGGCCCTGCAGGATCATGGTGGATGGCAGAATGAGAGCGTGGTGGATGCCTTCCTG
GACTATGCGGCCTTCTGCTTCTCCACATTTGGGGACCGTGTGAAGCTGTGGGTGACCTTC
CATGAGCCGTGGGTGATGAGCTACGCAGGCTATGGCACCGGCCAGCACCCTCCCGGCATC
TCTGACCCAGGAGTGGCCTCTTTTAAGGTGGCTCACTTGGTCCTCAAGGCTCATGCCAGA
ACTTGGCACCACTACAACAGCCATCATCGCCCACAGCAGCAGGGGCACGTGGGCATTGTG
CTGAACTCAGACTGGGCAGAACCCCTGTCTCCAGAGAGGCCTGAGGACCTGAGAGCCTCT
GAGCGCTTCTTGCACTTCATGCTGGGCTGGTTTGCACACCCCGTCTTTGTGGATGGAGAC
TACCCAGCCACCCTGAGGACCCAGATCCAACAGATGAACAGACAGTGCTCCCATCCTGTG
GCTCAACTCCCCGAGTTCACAGAGGCAGAGAAGCAGCTCCTGAAAGGCTCTGCTGATTTT
CTGGGTCTGTCGCATTACACCTCCCGCCTCATCAGCAACGCCCCACAAAACACCTGCATC
CCTAGCTATGATACCATTGGAGGCTTCTCCCAACACGTGAACCATGTGTGGCCCCAGACC
TCATCCTCTTGGATTCGTGTGGTGCCCTGGGGGATAAGGAGGCTGTTGCAGTTTGTATCC
CTGGAATACACAAGAGGAAAAGTTCCAATATACCTTGCCGGGAATGGCATGCCCATAGGG
GAAAGTGAAAATCTCTTTGATGATTCCTTAAGAGTAGACTACTTCAATCAATATATCAAT
GAGGTGCTCAAGGCTATCAAGGAAGACTCTGTGGATGTTCGTTCCTACATTGCTCGTTCC
CTCATTGATGGCTTCGAAGGCCCTTCTGGTTACAGCCAGCGGTTTGGCCTGCACCACGTC
AACTTCAGCGACAGCAGCAAGTCAAGGACTCCCAGGAAATCTGCCTACTTTTTCACTAGC
ATCATAGAAAAGAACGGTTTCCTCACCAAGGGGGCAAAAAGACTGCTACCACCTAATACA
GTAAACCTCCCCTCCAAAGTCAGAGCCTTCACTTTTCCATCTGAGGTGCCCTCCAAGGCT
AAAGTCGTTTGGGAAAAGTTCTCCAGCCAACCCAAGTTCGAAAGAGATTTGTTCTACCAC
GGGACGTTTCGGGATGACTTTCTGTGGGGCGTGTCCTCTTCCGCTTATCAGATTGAAGGC
GCGTGGGATGCCGATGGCAAAGGCCCCAGCATCTGGGATAACTTTACCCACACACCAGGG
AGCAATGTGAAAGACAATGCCACTGGAGACATCGCCTGTGACAGCTATCACCAGCTGGAT
GCCGATCTGAATATGCTCCGAGCTTTGAAGGTGAAGGCCTACCGCTTCTCTATCTCCTGG
TCTCGGATTTTCCCAACTGGGAGAAACAGCTCTATCAACAGTCATGGGGTTGATTATTAC
AACAGGCTGATCAATGGCTTGGTGGCAAGCAACATCTTTCCCATGGTGACATTGTTCCAT
TGGGACCTGCCCCAGGCCCTCCAGGATATCGGAGGCTGGGAGAATCCTGCCTTGATTGAC
TTGTTTGACAGCTACGCAGACTTTTGTTTCCAGACCTTTGGTGATAGAGTCAAGTTTTGG
ATGACTTTTAATGAGCCCATGTACCTGGCATGGCTAGGTTATGGCTCAGGGGAATTTCCC
CCAGGGGTGAAGGACCCAGGCTGGGCACCATATAGGATAGCCCACACCGTCATCAAAGCC
CATGCCAGAGTCTATCACACGTACGATGAGAAATACAGGCAGGAGCAGAAGGGGGTCATC
TCGCTGAGCCTCAGTACACACTGGGCAGAGCCCAAGTCACCAGGGGTCCCCAGAGATGTG
GAAGCCGCTGACCGAATGCTGCAGTTCTCCCTGGGCTGGTTTGCTCACCCCATTTTTAGA
AACGGAGACTATCCTGACACCATGAAGTGGAAAGTGGGGAACAGGAGTGAACTGCAGCAC
TTAGCCACCTCCCGCCTGCCAAGCTTCACTGAGGAAGAGAAGAGGTTCATCAGGGCGACG
GCCGACGTCTTCTGCCTCAACACGTACTACTCCAGAATCGTGCAGCACAAAACACCCAGG
CTAAACCCACCCTCCTACGAAGACGACCAGGAGATGGCTGAGGAGGAGGACCCTTCGTGG
CCTTCCACGGCAATGAACAGAGCTGCGCCCTGGGGGACGCGAAGGCTGCTGAACTGGATC
AAGGAAGAGTATGGTGACATCCCCATTTACATCACCGAAAACGGAGTGGGGCTGACCAAT
CCGAACACGGAGGATACTGATAGGATATTTTACCACAAAACCTACATCAATGAGGCTTTG
AAAGCCTACAGGCTCGATGGTATAGACCTTCGAGGGTATGTCGCCTGGTCTCTGATGGAC
AACTTTGAGTGGCTAAATGGCTACACGGTCAAGTTTGGACTGTACCATGTTGATTTCAAC
AACACGAACAGGCCTCGCACAGCAAGAGCCTCCGCCAGGTACTACACAGAGGTCATTACC
AACAACGGCATGCCACTGGCCAGGGAGGATGAGTTTCTGTACGGACGGTTTCCTGAGGGC
TTCATCTGGAGTGCAGCTTCTGCTGCATATCAGATTGAAGGTGCGTGGAGAGCAGATGGC
AAAGGACTCAGCATTTGGGACACGTTTTCTCACACACCACTGAGGGTTGAGAACGATGCC
ATTGGAGACGTGGCCTGTGACAGTTATCACAAGATTGCTGAGGATCTGGTCACCCTGCAG
AACCTGGGTGTGTCCCACTACCGTTTTTCCATCTCCTGGTCTCGCATCCTCCCTGATGGA
ACCACCAGGTACATCAATGAAGCGGGCCTGAACTACTACGTGAGGCTCATCGATACACTG
CTGGCCGCCAGCATCCAGCCCCAGGTGACCATTTACCACTGGGACCTACCACAGACGCTC
CAAGATGTAGGAGGCTGGGAGAATGAGACCATCGTGCAGCGGTTTAAGGAGTATGCAGAT
GTGCTCTTCCAGAGGCTGGGAGACAAGGTGAAGTTTTGGATCACGTTGAATGAGCCCTTT
GTCATTGCTTACCAGGGCTATGGCTACGGAACAGCAGCTCCAGGAGTCTCCAATAGGCCT
GGCACTGCCCCCTACATTGTTGGCCACAATCTAATAAAGGCTCATGCTGAGGCCTGGCAT
CTGTACAACGATGTGTACCGCGCCAGTCAAGGTGGCGTGATTTCCATCACCATCAGCAGT
GACTGGGCTGAACCCAGAGATCCCTCTAACCAGGAGGATGTGGAGGCAGCCAGGAGATAT
GTTCAGTTCATGGGAGGCTGGTTTGCACATCCTATTTTCAAGAATGGAGATTACAATGAG
GTGATGAAGACGCGGATCCGTGACAGGAGCTTGGCTGCAGGCCTCAACAAGTCTCGGCTG
CCAGAATTTACAGAGAGTGAGAAGAGGAGGATCAACGGCACCTATGACTTTTTTGGGTTC
AATCACTACACCACTGTCCTCGCCTACAACCTCAACTATGCCACTGCCATCTCTTCTTTT
GATGCAGACAGAGGAGTTGCTTCCATCGCAGATCGCTCGTGGCCAGACTCTGGCTCCTTC
TGGCTGAAGATGACGCCTTTTGGCTTCAGGAGGATCCTGAACTGGTTAAAGGAGGAATAC
AATGACCCTCCAATTTATGTCACAGAGAATGGAGTGTCCCAGCGGGAAGAAACAGACCTC
AATGACACTGCAAGGATCTACTACCTTCGGACTTACATCAATGAGGCCCTCAAAGCTGTG
CAGGACAAGGTGGACCTTCGAGGATACACAGTTTGGAGTGCGATGGACAATTTTGAGTGG
GCCACAGGCTTTTCAGAGAGATTTGGTCTGCATTTTGTGAACTACAGTGACCCTTCTCTG
CCAAGGATCCCCAAAGCATCAGCGAAGTTCTACGCCTCTGTGGTCCGATGCAATGGCTTC
CCTGACCCCGCTACAGGGCCTCACGCTTGTCTCCACCAGCCAGATGCTGGACCCACCATC
AGCCCCGTGAGACAGGAGGAGGTGCAGTTCCTGGGGCTAATGCTCGGCACCACAGAAGCA
CAGACAGCTTTGTACGTTCTCTTTTCTCTTGTGCTTCTTGGAGTCTGTGGCTTGGCATTT
CTGTCATACAAGTACTGCAAGCGCTCTAAGCAAGGGAAAACACAACGAAGCCAACAGGAA
TTGAGCCCGGTGTCTTCATTCTGA

1. Mantei N, Villa M, Enzler T, Wacker H, Boll W, James P, Hunziker W, Semenza G: Complete primary structure of human and rabbit lactase-phlorizin hydrolase: implications for biosynthesis, membrane anchoring and evolution of the enzyme. EMBO J. 1988 Sep;7(9):2705-13. [PubMed ]
2. Boll W, Wagner P, Mantei N: Structure of the chromosomal gene and cDNAs coding for lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in humans with adult-type hypolactasia or persistence of lactase. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 May;48(5):889-902. [PubMed ]
3. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
4. Enattah NS, Sahi T, Savilahti E, Terwilliger JD, Peltonen L, Jarvela I: Identification of a variant associated with adult-type hypolactasia. Nat Genet. 2002 Feb;30(2):233-7. Epub 2002 Jan 14. [PubMed ]
5. Wang Y, Du D, Fang L, Yang G, Zhang C, Zeng R, Ullrich A, Lottspeich F, Chen Z: Tyrosine phosphorylated Par3 regulates epithelial tight junction assembly promoted by EGFR signaling. EMBO J. 2006 Nov 1;25(21):5058-70. Epub 2006 Oct 19. [PubMed ]
6. Kuokkanen M, Kokkonen J, Enattah NS, Ylisaukko-Oja T, Komu H, Varilo T, Peltonen L, Savilahti E, Jarvela I: Mutations in the translated region of the lactase gene (LCT) underlie congenital lactase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Feb;78(2):339-44. Epub 2005 Dec 15. [PubMed ]

1. Alpha-D-galactosidase A
2. Alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase
3. Melibiase
4. Agalsidase

MQLRNPELHLGCALALRFLALVSWDIPGARALDNGLARTPTMGWLHWERFMCNLDCQEEP
DSCISEKLFMEMAELMVSEGWKDAGYEYLCIDDCWMAPQRDSEGRLQADPQRFPHGIRQL
ANYVHSKGLKLGIYADVGNKTCAGFPGSFGYYDIDAQTFADWGVDLLKFDGCYCDSLENL
ADGYKHMSLALNRTGRSIVYSCEWPLYMWPFQKPNYTEIRQYCNHWRNFADIDDSWKSIK
SILDWTSFNQERIVDVAGPGGWNDPDMLVIGNFGLSWNQQVTQMALWAIMAAPLFMSNDL
RHISPQAKALLQDKDVIAINQDPLGKQGYQLRQGDNFEVWERPLSGLAWAVAMINRQEIG
GPRSYTIAVASLGKGVACNPACFITQLLPVKRKLGFYEWTSRLRSHINPTGTVLLQLENT
MQMSLKDLL

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Globoside metabolism (map00603 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Sphingolipid Metabolism (map00600 )

• Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids ALL_REAC (other) R01101 R01103 R01104 R01194 R01329 R02926 R03618 R03634 R04019 R04470 R05549 R05961(G) R06070(G) R06091(G) R06093(G) R06094(G) R06096(G) R06142(G) R06152(G)

• Melibiase (PF02065 )

• 1-31

• None

ATGCAGCTGAGGAACCCAGAACTACATCTGGGCTGCGCGCTTGCGCTTCGCTTCCTGGCC
CTCGTTTCCTGGGACATCCCTGGGGCTAGAGCACTGGACAATGGATTGGCAAGGACGCCT
ACCATGGGCTGGCTGCACTGGGAGCGCTTCATGTGCAACCTTGACTGCCAGGAAGAGCCA
GATTCCTGCATCAGTGAGAAGCTCTTCATGGAGATGGCAGAGCTCATGGTCTCAGAAGGC
TGGAAGGATGCAGGTTATGAGTACCTCTGCATTGATGACTGTTGGATGGCTCCCCAAAGA
GATTCAGAAGGCAGACTTCAGGCAGACCCTCAGCGCTTTCCTCATGGGATTCGCCAGCTA
GCTAATTATGTTCACAGCAAAGGACTGAAGCTAGGGATTTATGCAGATGTTGGAAATAAA
ACCTGCGCAGGCTTCCCTGGGAGTTTTGGATACTACGACATTGATGCCCAGACCTTTGCT
GACTGGGGAGTAGATCTGCTAAAATTTGATGGTTGTTACTGTGACAGTTTGGAAAATTTG
GCAGATGGTTATAAGCACATGTCCTTGGCCCTGAATAGGACTGGCAGAAGCATTGTGTAC
TCCTGTGAGTGGCCTCTTTATATGTGGCCCTTTCAAAAGCCCAATTATACAGAAATCCGA
CAGTACTGCAATCACTGGCGAAATTTTGCTGACATTGATGATTCCTGGAAAAGTATAAAG
AGTATCTTGGACTGGACATCTTTTAACCAGGAGAGAATTGTTGATGTTGCTGGACCAGGG
GGTTGGAATGACCCAGATATGTTAGTGATTGGCAACTTTGGCCTCAGCTGGAATCAGCAA
GTAACTCAGATGGCCCTCTGGGCTATCATGGCTGCTCCTTTATTCATGTCTAATGACCTC
CGACACATCAGCCCTCAAGCCAAAGCTCTCCTTCAGGATAAGGACGTAATTGCCATCAAT
CAGGACCCCTTGGGCAAGCAAGGGTACCAGCTTAGACAGGGAGACAACTTTGAAGTGTGG
GAACGACCTCTCTCAGGCTTAGCCTGGGCTGTAGCTATGATAAACCGGCAGGAGATTGGT
GGACCTCGCTCTTATACCATCGCAGTTGCTTCCCTGGGTAAAGGAGTGGCCTGTAATCCT
GCCTGCTTCATCACACAGCTCCTCCCTGTGAAAAGGAAGCTAGGGTTCTATGAATGGACT
TCAAGGTTAAGAAGTCACATAAATCCCACAGGCACTGTTTTGCTTCAGCTAGAAAATACA
ATGCAGATGTCATTAAAAGACTTACTTTAA

1. Tsuji S, Martin BM, Kaslow DC, Migeon BR, Choudary PV, Stubbleflied BK, Mayor JA, Murray GJ, Barranger JA, Ginns EI: Signal sequence and DNA-mediated expression of human lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jun 1;165(2):275-80. [PubMed ]
2. Kornreich R, Desnick RJ, Bishop DF: Nucleotide sequence of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 25;17(8):3301-2. [PubMed ]
3. Oeltjen JC, Liu X, Lu J, Allen RC, Muzny D, Belmont JW, Gibbs RA: Sixty-nine kilobases of contiguous human genomic sequence containing the alpha-galactosidase A and Bruton's tyrosine kinase loci. Mamm Genome. 1995 May;6(5):334-8. [PubMed ]
4. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Bishop DF, Calhoun DH, Bernstein HS, Hantzopoulos P, Quinn M, Desnick RJ: Human alpha-galactosidase A: nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the mature enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4859-63. [PubMed ]
7. Quinn M, Hantzopoulos P, Fidanza V, Calhoun DH: A genomic clone containing the promoter for the gene encoding the human lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. Gene. 1987;58(2-3):177-88. [PubMed ]
8. Bishop DF, Kornreich R, Desnick RJ: Structural organization of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene: further evidence for the absence of a 3' untranslated region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3903-7. [PubMed ]
9. Novo FJ, Kruszewski A, MacDermot KD, Goldspink G, Gorecki DC: Editing of human alpha-galactosidase RNA resulting in a pyrimidine to purine conversion. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jul 25;23(14):2636-40. [PubMed ]
10. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed ]
11. Garman SC, Garboczi DN: The molecular defect leading to Fabry disease: structure of human alpha-galactosidase. J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 19;337(2):319-35. [PubMed ]
12. Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Molecular basis of Fabry disease: mutations and polymorphisms in the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):103-11. [PubMed ]
13. Koide T, Ishiura M, Iwai K, Inoue M, Kaneda Y, Okada Y, Uchida T: A case of Fabry's disease in a patient with no alpha-galactosidase A activity caused by a single amino acid substitution of Pro-40 by Ser. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jan 1;259(2):353-6. [PubMed ]
14. von Scheidt W, Eng CM, Fitzmaurice TF, Erdmann E, Hubner G, Olsen EG, Christomanou H, Kandolf R, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease with manifestations confined to the myocardium. N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 7;324(6):395-9. [PubMed ]
15. Sakuraba H, Oshima A, Fukuhara Y, Shimmoto M, Nagao Y, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ, Suzuki Y: Identification of point mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in classical and atypical hemizygotes with Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1990 Nov;47(5):784-9. [PubMed ]
16. Bernstein HS, Bishop DF, Astrin KH, Kornreich R, Eng CM, Sakuraba H, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: six gene rearrangements and an exonic point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase gene. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1390-9. [PubMed ]
17. Ishii S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Point mutations in the upstream region of the alpha-galactosidase A gene exon 6 in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1992 Apr;89(1):29-32. [PubMed ]
18. Eng CM, Resnick-Silverman LA, Niehaus DJ, Astrin KH, Desnick RJ: Nature and frequency of mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene that cause Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;53(6):1186-97. [PubMed ]
19. Davies JP, Winchester BG, Malcolm S: Mutation analysis in patients with the typical form of Anderson-Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jul;2(7):1051-3. [PubMed ]
20. Davies J, Christomanou H, Winchester B, Malcolm S: Detection of 8 new mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Apr;3(4):667-9. [PubMed ]
21. Eng CM, Niehaus DJ, Enriquez AL, Burgert TS, Ludman MD, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-three mutations including sense and antisense CpG alterations and identification of a deletional hot-spot in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1795-9. [PubMed ]
22. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Takenaka T, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Galactose stabilizes various missense mutants of alpha-galactosidase in Fabry disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Sep 25;214(3):1219-24. [PubMed ]
23. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Alpha-galactosidase gene mutations in Fabry disease: heterogeneous expressions of mutant enzyme proteins. Hum Genet. 1995 May;95(5):557-61. [PubMed ]
24. Madsen KM, Hasholt L, Sorensen SA, Fermer ML, Dahl N: Two novel mutations (L32P) and (G85N) among five different missense mutations in six Danish families with Fabry's disease. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(3):277-8. [PubMed ]
25. Nakao S, Takenaka T, Maeda M, Kodama C, Tanaka A, Tahara M, Yoshida A, Kuriyama M, Hayashibe H, Sakuraba H, et al.: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease in men with left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):288-93. [PubMed ]
26. Sawada K, Mizoguchi K, Hishida A, Kaneko E, Koide Y, Nishimura K, Kimura M: Point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene of atypical Fabry disease with only nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1996 May;45(5):289-94. [PubMed ]
27. Davies JP, Eng CM, Hill JA, Malcolm S, MacDermot K, Winchester B, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: fourteen alpha-galactosidase A mutations in unrelated families from the United Kingdom and other European countries. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(4):219-24. [PubMed ]
28. Cariolou MA, Christodoulides M, Manoli P, Kokkofitou A, Tsambaos D: Novel trinucleotide deletion in Fabry's disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):468-70. [PubMed ]
29. Germain D, Biasotto M, Tosi M, Meo T, Kahn A, Poenaru L: Fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis (FAMA) for exhaustive screening of the alpha-galactosidase A gene and detection of carriers in Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;98(6):719-26. [PubMed ]
30. Blanch LC, Meaney C, Morris CP: A sensitive mutation screening strategy for Fabry disease: detection of nine mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(1):38-43. [PubMed ]
31. Redonnet-Vernhet I, Ploos van Amstel JK, Jansen RP, Wevers RA, Salvayre R, Levade T: Uneven X inactivation in a female monozygotic twin pair with Fabry disease and discordant expression of a novel mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. J Med Genet. 1996 Aug;33(8):682-8. [PubMed ]
32. Takata T, Okumiya T, Hayashibe H, Shimmoto M, Kase R, Itoh K, Utsumi K, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Screening and detection of gene mutations in Japanese patients with Fabry disease by non-radioactive single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Brain Dev. 1997 Mar;19(2):111-6. [PubMed ]
33. Eng CM, Ashley GA, Burgert TS, Enriquez AL, D'Souza M, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: thirty-five mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in patients with classic and variant phenotypes. Mol Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):174-82. [PubMed ]
34. Chen CH, Shyu PW, Wu SJ, Sheu SS, Desnick RJ, Hsiao KJ: Identification of a novel point mutation (S65T) in alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Mutations in brief no. 169. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):328-30. [PubMed ]
35. Miyazaki T, Kajita M, Ohmori S, Mizutani N, Niwa T, Murata Y, Seo H: A novel mutation (E358K) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene detected in a Japanese family with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S139-40. [PubMed ]
36. Okumiya T, Kawamura O, Itoh K, Kase R, Ishii S, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Novel missense mutation (M72V) of alpha-galactosidase gene and its expression product in an atypical Fabry hemizygote. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S213-6. [PubMed ]
37. Guffon N, Froissart R, Chevalier-Porst F, Maire I: Mutation analysis in 11 French patients with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S288-90. [PubMed ]
38. Germain DP, Poenaru L: Fabry disease: identification of novel alpha-galactosidase A mutations and molecular carrier detection by use of fluorescent chemical cleavage of mismatches. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 21;257(3):708-13. [PubMed ]
39. Beyer EM, Karpova EA, Udalova OV, Ploos van Amstel JK, van Diggelen OP, Tsvetkova IV: The multiple cases of Fabry disease in a Russian family caused by an E341K amino acid substitution in the alpha-galactosidase A. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Feb;280(1-2):81-9. [PubMed ]
40. Kase R, Bierfreund U, Klein A, Kolter T, Utsumi K, Itoha K, Sandhoff K, Sakuraba H: Characterization of two alpha-galactosidase mutants (Q279E and R301Q) found in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 15;1501(2-3):227-35. [PubMed ]
41. Topaloglu AK, Ashley GA, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Twenty novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene causing Fabry disease. Mol Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):806-11. [PubMed ]
42. Lee JK, Kim GH, Kim JS, Kim KK, Lee MC, Yoo HW: Identification of four novel mutations in five unrelated Korean families with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2000 Sep;58(3):228-33. [PubMed ]
43. Ashton-Prolla P, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severely and mildly affected hemizygotes and heterozygotes. J Investig Med. 2000 Jul;48(4):227-35. [PubMed ]
44. Germain DP, Salard D, Fellmann F, Azibi K, Caillaud C, Bernard MC, Poenaru L: Identification of a novel de novo mutation (G373D) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in a patient affected with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):353. [PubMed ]
45. Blaydon D, Hill J, Winchester B: Fabry disease: 20 novel GLA mutations in 35 families. Hum Mutat. 2001 Nov;18(5):459. [PubMed ]
46. Branton MH, Schiffmann R, Sabnis SG, Murray GJ, Quirk JM, Altarescu G, Goldfarb L, Brady RO, Balow JE, Austin Iii HA, Kopp JB: Natural history of Fabry renal disease: influence of alpha-galactosidase A activity and genetic mutations on clinical course. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Mar;81(2):122-38. [PubMed ]
47. Yang CC, Lai LW, Whitehair O, Hwu WL, Chiang SC, Lien YH: Two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Mar;63(3):205-9. [PubMed ]
48. Lai LW, Whitehair O, Wu MJ, O'Meara M, Lien YH: Analysis of splice-site mutations of the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Jun;63(6):476-82. [PubMed ]
49. Verovnik F, Benko D, Vujkovac B, Linthorst GE: Remarkable variability in renal disease in a large Slovenian family with Fabry disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Aug;12(8):678-81. [PubMed ]
50. Shabbeer J, Robinson M, Desnick RJ: Detection of alpha-galactosidase a mutations causing Fabry disease by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Hum Mutat. 2005 Mar;25(3):299-305. [PubMed ]
51. Nance CS, Klein CJ, Banikazemi M, Dikman SH, Phelps RG, McArthur JC, Rodriguez M, Desnick RJ: Later-onset Fabry disease: an adult variant presenting with the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar;63(3):453-7. [PubMed ]
52. Hwu WL, Chien YH, Lee NC, Chiang SC, Dobrovolny R, Huang AC, Yeh HY, Chao MC, Lin SJ, Kitagawa T, Desnick RJ, Hsu LW: Newborn screening for Fabry disease in Taiwan reveals a high incidence of the later-onset GLA mutation c.936+919G>A (IVS4+919G>A). Hum Mutat. 2009 Oct;30(10):1397-405. [PubMed ]

1. Acid beta-galactosidase
2. Lactase
3. Elastin receptor 1

MPGFLVRILPLLLVLLLLGPTRGLRNATQRMFEIDYSRDSFLKDGQPFRYISGSIHYSRV
PRFYWKDRLLKMKMAGLNAIQTYVPWNFHEPWPGQYQFSEDHDVEYFLRLAHELGLLVIL
RPGPYICAEWEMGGLPAWLLEKESILLRSSDPDYLAAVDKWLGVLLPKMKPLLYQNGGPV
ITVQVENEYGSYFACDFDYLRFLQKRFRHHLGDDVVLFTTDGAHKTFLKCGALQGLYTTV
DFGTGSNITDAFLSQRKCEPKGPLINSEFYTGWLDHWGQPHSTIKTEAVASSLYDILARG
ASVNLYMFIGGTNFAYWNGANSPYAAQPTSYDYDAPLSEAGDLTEKYFALRNIIQKFEKV
PEGPIPPSTPKFAYGKVTLEKLKTVGAALDILCPSGPIKSLYPLTFIQVKQHYGFVLYRT
TLPQDCSNPAPLSSPLNGVHDRAYVAVDGIPQGVLERNNVITLNITGKAGATLDLLVENM
GRVNYGAYINDFKGLVSNLTLSSNILTDWTIFPLDTEDAVRSHLGGWGHRDSGHHDEAWA
HNSSNYTLPAFYMGNFSIPSGIPDLPQDTFIQFPGWTKGQVWINGFNLGRYWPARGPQLT
LFVPQHILMTSAPNTITVLELEWAPCSSDDPELCAVTFVDRPVIGSSVTYDHPSKPVEKR
LMPPPPQKNKDSWLDHV

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Glycerolipid Metabolism (map00561 )
• Glycosaminoglycan degradation (map00531 )
• N-Glycan degradation (map00511 )
• Sphingolipid Metabolism (map00600 )

• Hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides ALL_REAC (other) R01100 R01105 R01678 R03355 R04633 R04783 R05112 R05994(G) R06010(G) R06098(G) R06099(G) R06114(G) R06144(G) R06202(G) R07807(G)

• Glyco_hydro_35 (PF01301 )

• 1-23

• None

ATGCCGGGGTTCCTGGTTCGCATCCTCCCTCTGTTGCTGGTTCTGCTGCTTCTGGGCCCT
ACGCGCGGCTTGCGCAATGCCACCCAGAGGATGTTTGAAATTGACTATAGCCGGGACTCC
TTCCTCAAGGATGGCCAGCCATTTCGCTACATCTCAGGAAGCATTCACTACTCCCGTGTG
CCCCGCTTCTACTGGAAGGACCGGCTGCTGAAGATGAAGATGGCTGGGCTGAACGCCATC
CAGACGTATGTGCCCTGGAACTTTCATGAGCCCTGGCCAGGACAGTACCAGTTTTCTGAG
GACCATGATGTGGAATATTTTCTTCGGCTGGCTCATGAGCTGGGACTGCTGGTTATCCTG
AGGCCCGGGCCCTACATCTGTGCAGAGTGGGAAATGGGAGGATTACCTGCTTGGCTGCTA
GAGAAAGAGTCTATTCTTCTCCGCTCCTCCGACCCAGATTACCTGGCAGCTGTGGACAAG
TGGTTGGGAGTCCTTCTGCCCAAGATGAAGCCTCTCCTCTATCAGAATGGAGGGCCAGTT
ATAACAGTGCAGGTTGAAAATGAATATGGCAGCTACTTTGCCTGTGATTTTGACTACCTC
GCGTTCCTGCAGAAGCGCTTTCGCCACCATCTGGGGGATGATGTGGTTCTGTTTACCACT
GATGGAGCACATAAAACATTCCTGAAATGTGGGGCCCTGCAGGGCCTCTACACCACGGTG
GACTTTGGAACAGGCAGCAACATCACAGATGCTTTCCTAAGCCAGAGGAAGTGTGAGCCC
AAAGGACCCTTGATCAATTCTGAATTCTATACTGGCTGGCTAGATCACTGGGGCCAACCT
CACTCCACAATCAAGACCGAAGCAGTGGCTTCCTCCCTCTATGATATACTTGCCCGTGGG
GCGAGTGTGAACTTGTACATGTTTATAGGTGGGACCAATTTTGCCTATTGGAATGGGGCC
AACTCACCCTATGCAGCACAGCCCACCAGCTACGACTATGATGCCCCACTGAGTGAGGCT
GGGGACCTCACTGAGAAGTATTTTGCTCTGCGAAACATCATCCAGAAGTTTGAAAAAGTA
CCAGAAGGTCCTATCCCTCCATCTACACCAAAGTTTGCATATGGAAAGGTCACTTTGGAA
AAGTTAAAGACAGTGGGAGCAGCTCTGGACATTCTGTGTCCCTCTGGGCCCATCAAAAGC
CTTTATCCCTTGACATTTATCCAGGTGAAACAGCATTATGGGTTTGTGCTGTACCGGACA
ACACTTCCTCAAGATTGCAGCAACCCAGCACCTCTCTCTTCACCCCTCAATGGAGTCCAC
GATCGAGCATATGTTGCTGTGGATGGGATCCCCCAGGGAGTCCTTGAGCGAAACAATGTG
ATCACTCTGAACATAACAGGGAAAGCTGGAGCCACTCTGGACCTTCTGGTAGAGAACATG
GGACGTGTGAACTATGGTGCATATATCAACGATTTTAAGGGTTTGGTTTCTAACCTGACT
CTCAGTTCCAATATCCTCACGGACTGGACGATCTTTCCACTGGACACTGAGGATGCAGTG
CGCAGCCACCTGGGGGGCTGGGGACACCGTGACAGTGGCCACCATGATGAAGCCTGGGCC
CACAACTCATCCAACTACACGCTCCCGGCCTTTTATATGGGGAACTTCTCCATTCCCAGT
GGGATCCCAGACTTGCCCCAGGACACCTTTATCCAGTTTCCTGGATGGACCAAGGGCCAG
GTCTGGATTAATGGCTTTAACCTTGGCCGCTATTGGCCAGCCCGGGGCCCTCAGTTGACC
TTGTTTGTGCCCCAGCACATCCTGATGACCTCGGCCCCAAACACCATCACCGTGCTGGAA
CTGGAGTGGGCACCCTGCAGCAGTGATGATCCAGAACTATGTGCTGTGACGTTCGTGGAC
AGGCCAGTTATTGGCTCATCTGTGACCTACGATCATCCCTCCAAACCTGTTGAAAAAAGA
CTCATGCCCCCACCCCCGCAAAAAAACAAAGATTCATGGCTGGACCATGTATGA

1. Oshima A, Tsuji A, Nagao Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Cloning, sequencing, and expression of cDNA for human beta-galactosidase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1988 Nov 30;157(1):238-44. [PubMed ]
2. Morreau H, Galjart NJ, Gillemans N, Willemsen R, van der Horst GT, d'Azzo A: Alternative splicing of beta-galactosidase mRNA generates the classic lysosomal enzyme and a beta-galactosidase-related protein. J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 5;264(34):20655-63. [PubMed ]
3. Yamamoto Y, Hake CA, Martin BM, Kretz KA, Ahern-Rindell AJ, Naylor SL, Mudd M, O'Brien JS: Isolation, characterization, and mapping of a human acid beta-galactosidase cDNA. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 Mar;9(2):119-27. [PubMed ]
4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
5. Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. [PubMed ]
6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
7. Hinek A, Rabinovitch M, Keeley F, Okamura-Oho Y, Callahan J: The 67-kD elastin/laminin-binding protein is related to an enzymatically inactive, alternatively spliced form of beta-galactosidase. J Clin Invest. 1993 Mar;91(3):1198-205. [PubMed ]
8. Hinek A: Biological roles of the non-integrin elastin/laminin receptor. Biol Chem. 1996 Jul-Aug;377(7-8):471-80. [PubMed ]
9. Privitera S, Prody CA, Callahan JW, Hinek A: The 67-kDa enzymatically inactive alternatively spliced variant of beta-galactosidase is identical to the elastin/laminin-binding protein. J Biol Chem. 1998 Mar 13;273(11):6319-26. [PubMed ]
10. Callahan JW: Molecular basis of GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio disease, type B. Structure-function studies of lysosomal beta-galactosidase and the non-lysosomal beta-galactosidase-like protein. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1999 Oct 8;1455(2-3):85-103. [PubMed ]
11. Hinek A, Zhang S, Smith AC, Callahan JW: Impaired elastic-fiber assembly by fibroblasts from patients with either Morquio B disease or infantile GM1-gangliosidosis is linked to deficiency in the 67-kD spliced variant of beta-galactosidase. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Jul;67(1):23-36. Epub 2000 Jun 6. [PubMed ]
12. Lewandrowski U, Moebius J, Walter U, Sickmann A: Elucidation of N-glycosylation sites on human platelet proteins: a glycoproteomic approach. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2006 Feb;5(2):226-33. Epub 2005 Oct 31. [PubMed ]
13. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed ]
14. Oshima A, Yoshida K, Shimmoto M, Fukuhara Y, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Human beta-galactosidase gene mutations in morquio B disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Nov;49(5):1091-3. [PubMed ]
15. Nishimoto J, Nanba E, Inui K, Okada S, Suzuki K: GM1-gangliosidosis (genetic beta-galactosidase deficiency): identification of four mutations in different clinical phenotypes among Japanese patients. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Sep;49(3):566-74. [PubMed ]
16. Yoshida K, Oshima A, Shimmoto M, Fukuhara Y, Sakuraba H, Yanagisawa N, Suzuki Y: Human beta-galactosidase gene mutations in GM1-gangliosidosis: a common mutation among Japanese adult/chronic cases. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):435-42. [PubMed ]
17. Mosna G, Fattore S, Tubiello G, Brocca S, Trubia M, Gianazza E, Gatti R, Danesino C, Minelli A, Piantanida M: A homozygous missense arginine to histidine substitution at position 482 of the beta-galactosidase in an Italian infantile GM1-gangliosidosis patient. Hum Genet. 1992 Nov;90(3):247-50. [PubMed ]
18. Boustany RM, Qian WH, Suzuki K: Mutations in acid beta-galactosidase cause GM1-gangliosidosis in American patients. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Oct;53(4):881-8. [PubMed ]
19. Chakraborty S, Rafi MA, Wenger DA: Mutations in the lysosomal beta-galactosidase gene that cause the adult form of GM1 gangliosidosis. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Jun;54(6):1004-13. [PubMed ]
20. Ishii N, Oohira T, Oshima A, Sakuraba H, Endo F, Matsuda I, Sukegawa K, Orii T, Suzuki Y: Clinical and molecular analysis of a Japanese boy with Morquio B disease. Clin Genet. 1995 Aug;48(2):103-8. [PubMed ]
21. Kaye EM, Shalish C, Livermore J, Taylor HA, Stevenson RE, Breakefield XO: beta-Galactosidase gene mutations in patients with slowly progressive GM1 gangliosidosis. J Child Neurol. 1997 Jun;12(4):242-7. [PubMed ]
22. Bagshaw RD, Zhang S, Hinek A, Skomorowski MA, Whelan D, Clarke JT, Callahan JW: Novel mutations (Asn 484 Lys, Thr 500 Ala, Gly 438 Glu) in Morquio B disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002 Dec 12;1588(3):247-53. [PubMed ]
23. Silva CM, Severini MH, Sopelsa A, Coelho JC, Zaha A, d'Azzo A, Giugliani R: Six novel beta-galactosidase gene mutations in Brazilian patients with GM1-gangliosidosis. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):401-9. [PubMed ]
24. Zhang S, Bagshaw R, Hilson W, Oho Y, Hinek A, Clarke JT, Callahan JW: Characterization of beta-galactosidase mutations Asp332-->Asn and Arg148-->Ser, and a polymorphism, Ser532-->Gly, in a case of GM1 gangliosidosis. Biochem J. 2000 Jun 15;348 Pt 3:621-32. [PubMed ]
25. Morrone A, Bardelli T, Donati MA, Giorgi M, Di Rocco M, Gatti R, Parini R, Ricci R, Taddeucci G, D'Azzo A, Zammarchi E: beta-galactosidase gene mutations affecting the lysosomal enzyme and the elastin-binding protein in GM1-gangliosidosis patients with cardiac involvement. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(4):354-66. [PubMed ]
26. Paschke E, Milos I, Kreimer-Erlacher H, Hoefler G, Beck M, Hoeltzenbein M, Kleijer W, Levade T, Michelakakis H, Radeva B: Mutation analyses in 17 patients with deficiency in acid beta-galactosidase: three novel point mutations and high correlation of mutation W273L with Morquio disease type B. Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;109(2):159-66. [PubMed ]
27. Caciotti A, Bardelli T, Cunningham J, D'Azzo A, Zammarchi E, Morrone A: Modulating action of the new polymorphism L436F detected in the GLB1 gene of a type-II GM1 gangliosidosis patient. Hum Genet. 2003 Jul;113(1):44-50. Epub 2003 Mar 19. [PubMed ]
28. Georgiou T, Drousiotou A, Campos Y, Caciotti A, Sztriha L, Gururaj A, Ozand P, Zammarchi E, Morrone A, D'Azzo A: Four novel mutations in patients from the Middle East with the infantile form of GM1-gangliosidosis. Hum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):352. [PubMed ]
29. Caciotti A, Donati MA, Boneh A, d'Azzo A, Federico A, Parini R, Antuzzi D, Bardelli T, Nosi D, Kimonis V, Zammarchi E, Morrone A: Role of beta-galactosidase and elastin binding protein in lysosomal and nonlysosomal complexes of patients with GM1-gangliosidosis. Hum Mutat. 2005 Mar;25(3):285-92. [PubMed ]
30. Gururaj A, Sztriha L, Hertecant J, Johansen JG, Georgiou T, Campos Y, Drousiotou A, d'Azzo A: Magnetic resonance imaging findings and novel mutations in GM1 gangliosidosis. J Child Neurol. 2005 Jan;20(1):57-60. [PubMed ]
31. Roze E, Paschke E, Lopez N, Eck T, Yoshida K, Maurel-Ollivier A, Doummar D, Caillaud C, Galanaud D, Billette de Villemeur T, Vidailhet M, Roubergue A: Dystonia and parkinsonism in GM1 type 3 gangliosidosis. Mov Disord. 2005 Oct;20(10):1366-9. [PubMed ]
32. Santamaria R, Chabas A, Coll MJ, Miranda CS, Vilageliu L, Grinberg D: Twenty-one novel mutations in the GLB1 gene identified in a large group of GM1-gangliosidosis and Morquio B patients: possible common origin for the prevalent p.R59H mutation among gypsies. Hum Mutat. 2006 Oct;27(10):1060. [PubMed ]
33. Tatano Y, Takeuchi N, Kuwahara J, Sakuraba H, Takahashi T, Takada G, Itoh K: Elastogenesis in cultured dermal fibroblasts from patients with lysosomal beta-galactosidase, protective protein/cathepsin A and neuraminidase-1 deficiencies. J Med Invest. 2006 Feb;53(1-2):103-12. [PubMed ]
34. Santamaria R, Blanco M, Chabas A, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L: Identification of 14 novel GLB1 mutations, including five deletions, in 19 patients with GM1 gangliosidosis from South America. Clin Genet. 2007 Mar;71(3):273-9. [PubMed ]
35. Gort L, Santamaria R, Grinberg D, Vilageliu L, Chabas A: Identification of a novel pseudodeficiency allele in the GLB1 gene in a carrier of GM1 gangliosidosis. Clin Genet. 2007 Aug;72(2):109-11. [PubMed ]
36. Hofer D, Paul K, Fantur K, Beck M, Burger F, Caillaud C, Fumic K, Ledvinova J, Lugowska A, Michelakakis H, Radeva B, Ramaswami U, Plecko B, Paschke E: GM1 gangliosidosis and Morquio B disease: expression analysis of missense mutations affecting the catalytic site of acid beta-galactosidase. Hum Mutat. 2009 Aug;30(8):1214-21. [PubMed ]

1. Galactose kinase

MAALRQPQVAELLAEARRAFREEFGAEPELAVSAPGRVNLIGEHTDYNQGLVLPMALELM
TVLVGSPRKDGLVSLLTTSEGADEPQRLQFPLPTAQRSLEPGTPRWANYVKGVIQYYPAA
PLPGFSAVVVSSVPLGGGLSSSASLEVATYTFLQQLCPDSGTIAARAQVCQQAEHSFAGM
PCGIMDQFISLMGQKGHALLIDCRSLETSLVPLSDPKLAVLITNSNVRHSLASSEYPVRR
RQCEEVARALGKESLREVQLEELEAARDLVSKEGFRRARHVVGEIRRTAQAAAALRRGDY
RAFGRLMVESHRSLRDDYEVSCPELDQLVEAALAVPGVYGSRMTGGGFGGCTVTLLEASA
APHAMRHIQEHYGGTATFYLSQAADGAKVLCL

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )

• ATP + D-galactose = ADP + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate [RN:R01092]

• GalKase_gal_bdg (PF10509 )
• GHMP_kinases_C (PF08544 )
• GHMP_kinases_N (PF00288 )

• None

• None

ATGGCTGCTTTGAGACAGCCCCAGGTCGCGGAGCTGCTGGCCGAGGCCCGGCGAGCCTTC
CGGGAGGAGTTCGGGGCCGAGCCCGAGCTGGCCGTGTCAGCGCCGGGCCGCGTCAACCTC
ATCGGGGAACACACGGACTACAACCAGGGCCTGGTGCTGCCTATGGCTCTGGAGCTCATG
ACGGTGCTGGTGGGCAGCCCCCGCAAGGATGGGCTGGTGTCTCTCCTCACCACCTCTGAG
GGTGCCGATGAGCCCCAGCGGCTGCAGTTTCCACTGCCCACAGCCCAGCGCTCGCTGGAG
CCTGGGACTCCTCGGTGGGCCAACTATGTCAAGGGAGTGATTCAGTACTACCCAGCTGCC
CCCCTCCCTGGCTTCAGTGCAGTGGTGGTCAGCTCAGTGCCCCTGGGGGGTGGCCTGTCC
AGCTCAGCATCCTTGGAAGTGGCCACGTACACCTTCCTCCAGCAGCTCTGTCCAGACTCG
GGCACAATAGCTGCCCGCGCCCAGGTGTGTCAGCAGGCCGAGCACAGCTTCGCAGGGATG
CCCTGTGGCATCATGGACCAGTTCATCTCACTTATGGGACAGAAAGGCCACGCGCTGCTC
ATTGACTGCAGGTCCTTGGAGACCAGCCTGGTGCCACTCTCGGACCCCAAGCTGGCCGTG
CTCATCACCAACTCTAATGTCCGCCACTCCCTGGCCTCCAGCGAGTACCCTGTGCGGCGG
CGCCAATGTGAAGAAGTGGCCCGGGCGCTGGGCAAGGAAAGCCTCCGGGAGGTACAACTG
GAAGAGCTAGAGGCTGCCAGGGACCTGGTGAGCAAAGAGGGCTTCCGGCGGGCCCGGCAC
GTGGTGGGGGAGATTCGGCGCACGGCCCAGGCAGCGGCCGCCCTGAGACGTGGCGACTAC
AGAGCCTTTGGCCGCCTCATGGTGGAGAGCCACCGCTCACTCAGAGACGACTATGAGGTG
AGCTGCCCAGAGCTGGACCAGCTGGTGGAGGCTGCGCTTGCTGTGCCTGGGGTTTATGGC
AGCCGCATGACGGGCGGTGGCTTCGGTGGCTGCACGGTGACACTGCTGGAGGCCTCCGCT
GCTCCCCACGCCATGCGGCACATCCAGGAGCACTACGGCGGGACTGCCACCTTCTACCTC
TCTCAAGCAGCCGATGGAGCCAAGGTGCTGTGCTTGTGA

1. Stambolian D, Ai Y, Sidjanin D, Nesburn K, Sathe G, Rosenberg M, Bergsma DJ: Cloning of the galactokinase cDNA and identification of mutations in two families with cataracts. Nat Genet. 1995 Jul;10(3):307-12. [PubMed ]
2. Bergsma DJ, Ai Y, Skach WR, Nesburn K, Anoia E, Van Horn S, Stambolian D: Fine structure of the human galactokinase GALK1 gene. Genome Res. 1996 Oct;6(10):980-5. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Ai Y, Basu M, Bergsma DJ, Stambolian D: Comparison of the enzymatic activities of human galactokinase GALK1 and a related human galactokinase protein GK2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jul 17;212(2):687-91. [PubMed ]
6. Kalaydjieva L, Perez-Lezaun A, Angelicheva D, Onengut S, Dye D, Bosshard NU, Jordanova A, Savov A, Yanakiev P, Kremensky I, Radeva B, Hallmayer J, Markov A, Nedkova V, Tournev I, Aneva L, Gitzelmann R: A founder mutation in the GK1 gene is responsible for galactokinase deficiency in Roma (Gypsies). Am J Hum Genet. 1999 Nov;65(5):1299-307. [PubMed ]
7. Kolosha V, Anoia E, de Cespedes C, Gitzelmann R, Shih L, Casco T, Saborio M, Trejos R, Buist N, Tedesco T, Skach W, Mitelmann O, Ledee D, Huang K, Stambolian D: Novel mutations in 13 probands with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(5):447-53. [PubMed ]
8. Okano Y, Asada M, Fujimoto A, Ohtake A, Murayama K, Hsiao KJ, Choeh K, Yang Y, Cao Q, Reichardt JK, Niihira S, Imamura T, Yamano T: A genetic factor for age-related cataract: identification and characterization of a novel galactokinase variant, "Osaka," in Asians. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Apr;68(4):1036-42. Epub 2001 Feb 23. [PubMed ]
9. Hunter M, Angelicheva D, Levy HL, Pueschel SM, Kalaydjieva L: Novel mutations in the GALK1 gene in patients with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2001;17(1):77-8. [PubMed ]
10. Timson DJ, Reece RJ: Functional analysis of disease-causing mutations in human galactokinase. Eur J Biochem. 2003 Apr;270(8):1767-74. [PubMed ]
11. Maraini G, Hejtmancik JF, Shiels A, Mackay DS, Aldigeri R, Jiao XD, Williams SL, Sperduto RD, Reed G: Galactokinase gene mutations and age-related cataract. Lack of association in an Italian population. Mol Vis. 2003 Aug 26;9:397-400. [PubMed ]
12. Sangiuolo F, Magnani M, Stambolian D, Novelli G: Biochemical characterization of two GALK1 mutations in patients with galactokinase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 2004 Apr;23(4):396. [PubMed ]

1. Chondroitinsulfatase
2. Chondroitinase
3. Galactose-6-sulfate sulfatase
4. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase
5. GalNAc6S sulfatase

MAAVVAATRWWQLLLVLSAAGMGASGAPQPPNILLLLMDDMGWGDLGVYGEPSRETPNLD
RMAAEGLLFPNFYSANPLCSPSRAALLTGRLPIRNGFYTTNAHARNAYTPQEIVGGIPDS
EQLLPELLKKAGYVSKIVGKWHLGHRPQFHPLKHGFDEWFGSPNCHFGPYDNKARPNIPV
YRDWEMVGRYYEEFPINLKTGEANLTQIYLQEALDFIKRQARHHPFFLYWAVDATHAPVY
ASKPFLGTSQRGRYGDAVREIDDSIGKILELLQDLHVADNTFVFFTSDNGAALISAPEQG
GSNGPFLCGKQTTFEGGMREPALAWWPGHVTAGQVSHQLGSIMDLFTTSLALAGLTPPSD
RAIDGLNLLPTLLQGRLMDRPIFYYRGDTLMAATLGQHKAHFWTWTNSWENFRQGIDFCP
GQNVSGVTTHNLEDHTKLPLIFHLGRDPGERFPLSFASAEYQEALSRITSVVQQHQEALV
PAQPQLNVCNWAVMNWAPPGCEKLGKCLTPPESIPKKCLWSH

• Glycosaminoglycan degradation (map00531 )

• Hydrolysis of the 6-sulfate groups of the N-acetyl-D-galactosamine 6-sulfate units of chondroitin sulfate and of the D-galactose 6-sulfate units of keratan sulfate [RN:R07806] ALL_REAC R07806(G) REFERENCE 1 [PMID:6939689] AUTHORS Epstein EH Jr, Leventhal ME. TITLE Steroid sulfatase of human leukocytes and epidermis and the diagnosis of recessive X-linked ichthyosis. JOURNAL J. Clin. Invest. 67 (1981) 1257-62. ORGANISM Homo sapiens [GN:hsa] REFERENCE 2 [PMID:6213226] AUTHORS Glossl J, Kresse H. TITLE Impaired degradation of keratan sulphate by Morquio A fibroblasts. JOURNAL Biochem. J. 203 (1982) 335-8. ORGANISM Homo sapiens [GN:hsa] REFERENCE 3 [PMID:7213753] AUTHORS Lim CT, Horwitz AL. TITLE Purification and properties of human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. JOURNAL Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 657 (1981) 344-55. ORGANISM Homo sapiens [GN:hsa] REFERENCE 4 [PMID:6814909] AUTHORS Sorensen SH, Noren O, Sjostrom H, Danielsen EM. TITLE Amphiphilic pig intestinal microvillus maltase/glucoamylase. Structure and specificity. JOURNAL Eur. J. Biochem. 126 (1982) 559-68. ORGANISM Sus scofa [GN:ssc] REFERENCE 5 [PMID:6809361] AUTHORS Yutaka T, Okada S, Kato T, Inui K, Yabuuhi H. TITLE Galactose 6-sulfate sulfatase activity in Morquio syndrome. JOURNAL Clin. Chim. Acta. 122 (1982) 169-80. ORGANISM shark

• Sulfatase (PF00884 )

• 1-26

• None

ATGGCGGCGGTTGTCGCGGCGACGAGGTGGTGGCAGCTGTTGCTGGTGCTCAGCGCCGCG
GGGATGGGGGCCTCGGGCGCCCCGCAGCCCCCCAACATCCTGCTCCTGCTCATGGACGAC
ATGGGATGGGGTGACCTCGGGGTGTATGGAGAGCCCTCCAGAGAGACCCCGAATTTGGAC
CGGATGGCTGCAGAAGGGCTGCTTTTCCCAAACTTCTATTCTGCCAACCCTCTGTGCTCG
CCATCGAGGGCGGCACTGCTCACAGGACGGCTACCCATCCGCAATGGCTTCTACACCACC
AACGCCCATGCCAGAAACGCCTACACACCGCAGGAGATTGTGGGCGGCATCCCAGACTCG
GAGCAGCTCCTGCCGGAGCTTCTGAAGAAGGCCGGCTACGTCAGCAAGATTGTCGGCAAG
TGGCATCTGGGTCACAGGCCCCAGTTCCACCCCCTGAAGCACGGATTTGATGAGTGGTTT
GGATCCCCCAACTGCCACTTTGGACCTTATGACAACAAGGCCAGGCCCAACATCCCTGTG
TACAGGGACTGGGAGATGGTTGGCAGATATTATGAAGAATTTCCTATTAATCTGAAGACG
GGGGAAGCCAACCTCACCCAGATCTACCTGCAGGAAGCCCTGGACTTCATTAAGAGACAG
GCACGGCACCACCCCTTTTTCCTCTACTGGGCTGTCGACGCCACGCACGCACCCGTCTAT
GCCTCCAAACCCTTCTTGGGCACCAGTCAGCGAGGGCGGTATGGAGACGCCGTCCGGGAG
ATTGATGACAGCATTGGGAAGATACTGGAGCTCCTCCAAGACCTGCACGTCGCGGACAAC
ACCTTCGTCTTCTTCACGTCGGACAACGGCGCTGCCCTCATTTCCGCCCCCGAACAAGGT
GGCAGCAACGGCCCCTTTCTGTGTGGGAAGCAGACCACGTTTGAAGGAGGGATGAGGGAG
CCTGCCCTCGCATGGTGGCCAGGGCACGTCACTGCAGGCCAGGTGAGCCACCAGCTGGGC
AGCATCATGGACCTCTTCACCACCAGCCTGGCCCTTGCGGGCCTGACGCCGCCCAGCGAC
AGGGCCATTGATGGCCTCAACCTCCTCCCCACCCTCCTGCAGGGCCGGCTGATGGACAGG
CCTATCTTCTATTACCGTGGCGACACGCTGATGGCGGCCACCCTCGGGCAGCACAAGGCT
CACTTCTGGACCTGGACCAACTCCTGGGAGAACTTCAGACAGGGCATTGATTTCTGCCCT
GGGCAGAACGTTTCAGGGGTCACAACTCACAATCTGGAAGACCACACGAAGCTGCCCCTG
ATCTTCCACCTGGGACGGGACCCAGGGGAGAGGTTCCCCCTCAGCTTTGCCAGCGCCGAG
TACCAGGAGGCCCTCAGCAGGATCACCTCGGTCGTCCAGCAGCACCAGGAGGCCTTGGTC
CCCGCGCAGCCCCAGCTCAACGTGTGCAACTGGGCGGTCATGAACTGGGCACCTCCGGGC
TGTGAAAAGTTAGGGAAGTGTCTGACACCTCCAGAATCCATTCCCAAGAAGTGCCTCTGG
TCCCACTAG

1. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Fukao T, Yamagishi A, Hori T, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, et al.: Morquio disease: isolation, characterization and expression of full-length cDNA for human N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Dec 16;181(2):677-83. [PubMed ]
2. Morris CP, Guo XH, Apostolou S, Hopwood JJ, Scott HS: Morquio A syndrome: cloning, sequence, and structure of the human N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfatase (GALNS) gene. Genomics. 1994 Aug;22(3):652-4. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed ]
5. Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Masue M, Sukegawa K, Iwata H, Ogawa T, Nakashima Y, Hori T, Yamagishi A, Hanyu Y, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA. N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase exonic point mutations in classical Morquio and mild cases. J Clin Invest. 1992 Sep;90(3):1049-53. [PubMed ]
6. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Rezvi GM, Yamagishi A, Yamada N, Kato Z, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: identification of a common missense mutation I113F in the N-Acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase gene. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Sep;57(3):556-63. [PubMed ]
7. Ogawa T, Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Yamagishi A, Rezvi GM, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Oru T: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: screening and identification of mutations of the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Mar;4(3):341-9. [PubMed ]
8. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Rezvi GM, Yamagishi A, Yamada N, Kato Z, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, et al.: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA: identification of six novel mutations among non-Japanese patients. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Apr;4(4):741-3. [PubMed ]
9. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Yamada N, Isogai K, Kato Z, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, et al.: Two new mutations, Q473X and N487S, in a Caucasian patient with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(2):195-6. [PubMed ]
10. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Yamagishi A, Cooper A, Wraith JF, Hori T, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Orii T: Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA: four new exonic mutations in patients with N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase deficiency. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 May;58(5):950-62. [PubMed ]
11. Cole DE, Fukuda S, Gordon BA, Rip JW, LeCouteur AN, Rupar CA, Tomatsu S, Ogawa T, Sukegawa K, Orii T: Heteroallelic missense mutations of the galactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) gene in a mild form of Morquio disease (MPS IVA). Am J Med Genet. 1996 Jun 28;63(4):558-65. [PubMed ]
12. Bunge S, Kleijer WJ, Tylki-Szymanska A, Steglich C, Beck M, Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Poorthuis BJ, Czartoryska B, Orii T, Gal A: Identification of 31 novel mutations in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase gene reveals excessive allelic heterogeneity among patients with Morquio A syndrome. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(3):223-32. [PubMed ]
13. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Ferreira P, Di Natale P, Tortora P, Fujimoto A, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Yamagishi A, Sukegawa K, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Kondo N, Sly WS, Orii T: Fourteen novel mucopolysaccharidosis IVA producing mutations in GALNS gene. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(5):368-75. [PubMed ]
14. Yamada N, Fukuda S, Tomatsu S, Muller V, Hopwood JJ, Nelson J, Kato Z, Yamagishi A, Sukegawa K, Kondo N, Orii T: Molecular heterogeneity in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA in Australia and Northern Ireland: nine novel mutations including T312S, a common allele that confers a mild phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(3):202-8. [PubMed ]
15. Tomatsu S, Fukuda S, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Yamagishi A, Kato Z, Yamada N, Isogai K, Sukegawa K, Suzuki Y, Shimozawa N, Kondo N, Orii T: Fifteen polymorphisms in the N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS) gene: diagnostic implications in Morquio disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S42-6. [PubMed ]
16. Tomatsu S, Montano AM, Nishioka T, Gutierrez MA, Pena OM, Tranda Firescu GG, Lopez P, Yamaguchi S, Noguchi A, Orii T: Mutation and polymorphism spectrum of the GALNS gene in mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (Morquio A). Hum Mutat. 2005 Dec;26(6):500-12. [PubMed ]
17. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

1. Maltase
2. Alpha-glucosidase
3. Glucoamylase
4. Glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase

MARKKLKKFTTLEIVLSVLLLVLFIISIVLIVLLAKESLKSTAPDPGTTGTPDPGTTGTP
DPGTTGTTHARTTGPPDPGTTGTTPVSAECPVVNELERINCIPDQPPTKATCDQRGCCWN
PQGAVSVPWCYYSKNHSYHVEGNLVNTNAGFTARLKNLPSSPVFGSNVDNVLLTAEYQTS
NRFHFKLTDQTNNRFEVPHEHVQSFSGNAAASLTYQVEISRQPFSIKVTRRSNNRVLFDS
SIGPLLFADQFLQLSTRLPSTNVYGLGEHVHQQYRHDMNWKTWPIFNRDTTPNGNGTNLY
GAQTFFLCLEDASGLSFGVFLMNSNAMEVVLQPAPAITYRTIGGILDFYVFLGNTPEQVV
QEYLELIGRPALPSYWALGFHLSRYEYGTLDNMREVVERNRAAQLPYDVQHADIDYMDER
RDFTYDSVDFKGFPEFVNELHNNGQKLVIIVDPAISNNSSSSKPYGPYDRGSDMKIWVNS
SDGVTPLIGEVWPGQTVFPDYTNPNCAVWWTKEFELFHNQVEFDGIWIDMNEVSNFVDGS
VSGCSTNNLNNPPFTPRILDGYLFCKTLCMDAVQHWGKQYDIHNLYGYSMAVATAEAAKT
VFPNKRSFILTRSTFAGSGKFAAHWLGDNTATWDDLRWSIPGVLEFNLFGIPMVGPDICG
FALDTPEELCRRWMQLGAFYPFSRNHNGQGYKDQDPASFGADSLLLNSSRHYLNIRYTLL
PYLYTLFFRAHSRGDTVARPLLHEFYEDNSTWDVHQQFLWGPGLLITPVLDEGAEKVMAY
VPDAVWYDYETGSQVRWRKQKVEMELPGDKIGLHLRGGYIFPTQQPNTTTLASRKNPLGL
IIALDENKEAKGELFWDNGETKDTVANKVYLLCEFSVTQNRLEVNISQSTYKDPNNLAFN
EIKILGTEEPSNVTVKHNGVPSQTSPTVTYDSNLKVAIITDIDLLLGEAYTVEWSIKIRD
EEKIDCYPDENGASAENCTARGCIWEASNSSGVPFCYFVNDLYSVSDVQYNSHGATADIS
LKSSVYANAFPSTPVNPLRLDVTYHKNEMLQFKIYDPNKNRYEVPVPLNIPSMPSSTPEG
QLYDVLIKKNPFGIEIRRKSTGTIIWDSQLLGFTFSDMFIRISTRLPSKYLYGFGETEHR
SYRRDLEWHTWGMFSRDQPPGYKKNSYGVHPYYMGLEEDGSAHGVLLLNSNAMDVTFQPL
PALTYRTTGGVLDFYVFLGPTPELVTQQYTELIGRPVMVPYWSLGFQLCRYGYQNDSEIA
SLYDEMVAAQIPYDVQYSDIDYMERQLDFTLSPKFAGFPALINRMKADGMRVILILDPAI
SGNETQPYPAFTRGVEDDVFIKYPNDGDIVWGKVWPDFPDVVVNGSLDWDSQVELYRAYV
AFPDFFRNSTAKWWKREIEELYNNPQNPERSLKFDGMWIDMNEPSSFVNGAVSPGCRDAS
LNHPPYMPHLESRDRGLSSKTLCMESQQILPDGSLVQHYNVHNLYGWSQTRPTYEAVQEV
TGQRGVVITRSTFPSSGRWAGHWLGDNTAAWDQLKKSIIGMMEFSLFGISYTGADICGFF
QDAEYEMCVRWMQLGAFYPFSRNHNTIGTRRQDPVSWDVAFVNISRTVLQTRYTLLPYLY
TLMHKAHTEGVTVVRPLLHEFVSDQVTWDIDSQFLLGPAFLVSPVLERNARNVTAYFPRA
RWYDYYTGVDINARGEWKTLPAPLDHINLHVRGGYILPWQEPALNTHLSRQKFMGFKIAL
DDEGTAGGWLFWDDGQSIDTYGKGLYYLASFSASQNTMQSHIIFNNYITGTNPLKLGYIE
IWGVGSVPVTSVSISVSGMVITPSFNNDPTTQVLSIDVTDRNISLHNFTSLTWISTL

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of D-glucose ALL_REAC (other) R00028 R00801 R00802 R06084(G) R06087(G) R06088(G) INHIBITOR Castanospermine [CPD:C02256]

• Glyco_hydro_31 (PF01055 )
• Trefoil (PF00088 )

• None

• 14-34

ATGGCAAGAAAGAAGCTGAAAAAATTTACTACTTTGGAGATTGTGCTCAGTGTTCTTCTG
CTTGTGTTGTTTATCATCAGTATTGTTCTAATTGTGCTTTTAGCCAAAGAGTCACTGAAA
TCAACAGCCCCAGATCCTGGGACAACTGGTACCCCAGATCCTGGGACAACTGGTACCCCA
GATCCTGGAACAACTGGTACCACACATGCTAGGACAACGGGTCCCCCAGATCCTGGAACA
ACTGGTACCACTCCTGTTTCTGCTGAATGTCCAGTGGTAAATGAATTGGAACGAATTAAT
TGCATCCCTGACCAGCCGCCAACAAAGGCCACATGTGACCAACGTGGCTGTTGCTGGAAT
CCCCAGGGAGCTGTAAGTGTTCCCTGGTGCTACTATTCCAAGAATCATAGCTACCATGTA
GAGGGCAACCTTGTCAACACAAATGCAGGATTCACAGCCCGGTTGAAAAATCTGCCTTCT
TCACCAGTGTTTGGAAGCAATGTTGACAATGTTCTTCTCACAGCAGAATATCAGACATCT
AATCGTTTCCACTTTAAGTTGACTGACCAAACCAATAACAGGTTTGAAGTGCCCCACGAA
CACGTGCAGTCCTTCAGTGGAAATGCTGCTGCTTCTTTGACCTACCAAGTTGAAATCTCC
AGACAGCCATTTAGCATCAAAGTGACCAGAAGAAGCAACAATCGTGTTTTGTTTGACTCG
AGCATTGGGCCCCTACTGTTTGCTGACCAGTTCTTGCAGCTCTCCACTCGACTGCCTAGC
ACTAACGTGTATGGCCTGGGAGAGCATGTGCACCAGCAGTATCGGCATGATATGAATTGG
AAGACCTGGCCCATATTTAACAGAGACACAACTCCCAATGGAAACGGAACTAATTTGTAT
GGTGCGCAGACATTCTTCTTGTGCCTTGAAGATGCTAGTGGATTGTCCTTTGGGGTGTTT
CTGATGAACAGCAATGCCATGGAGGTTGTCCTTCAGCCTGCGCCAGCCATCACTTACCGC
ACCATTGGGGGCATTCTCGACTTCTATGTGTTCTTGGGAAACACTCCAGAGCAAGTTGTT
CAAGAATATCTAGAGCTCATTGGGCGGCCAGCCCTTCCCTCCTACTGGGCGCTTGGATTT
CACCTCAGTCGTTACGAATATGGAACCTTAGACAACATGAGGGAAGTCGTGGAGAGAAAT
CGCGCAGCACAGCTCCCTTATGATGTTCAGCATGCTGATATTGATTATATGGATGAGAGA
AGGGACTTCACTTATGATTCAGTGGATTTTAAAGGCTTCCCTGAATTTGTCAACGAGTTA
CACAATAATGGACAGAAGCTTGTCATCATTGTGGATCCAGCCATCTCCAACAACTCTTCC
TCAAGTAAACCCTATGGCCCATATGACAGGGGTTCAGATATGAAGATATGGGTGAATAGT
TCAGATGGAGTGACTCCACTCATTGGGGAGGTCTGGCCTGGACAAACTGTGTTTCCTGAT
TATACCAATCCCAACTGTGCTGTTTGGTGGACAAAGGAATTTGAGCTTTTTCACAATCAA
GTAGAGTTTGATGGAATCTGGATTGATATGAATGAAGTCTCCAACTTTGTTGATGGTTCG
GTCTCAGGATGTTCCACAAACAACCTAAATAATCCCCCATTCACTCCCAGAATCCTGGAT
GGGTACCTGTTCTGCAAGACTCTCTGTATGGATGCAGTGCAGCACTGGGGCAAGCAGTAT
GACATTCACAATCTGTATGGCTACTCCATGGCGGTCGCCACAGCAGAAGCTGCCAAGACT
GTGTTCCCTAATAAGAGAAGCTTCATTCTGACCCGTTCTACCTTTGCGGGCTCTGGCAAG
TTTGCAGCACATTGGTTAGGAGACAACACTGCCACCTGGGATGACCTGAGATGGTCCATC
CCTGGCGTGCTTGAGTTCAACCTTTTTGGCATCCCAATGGTGGGTCCTGACATATGTGGC
TTTGCTTTGGACACCCCTGAGGAGCTCTGTAGGCGGTGGATGCAGTTGGGTGCATTTTAT
CCGTTTTCTAGAAATCACAATGGCCAAGGCTACAAGGACCAGGATCCTGCCTCCTTTGGA
GCTGACTCCCTGCTGTTGAATTCCTCCAGGCACTACCTTAACATCCGCTATACTCTATTG
CCCTACCTATACACCCTCTTCTTCCGTGCTCACAGCCGAGGGGACACGGTGGCCAGGCCC
CTTTTGCATGAGTTCTACGAGGACAACAGCACTTGGGATGTGCACCAACAGTTCTTATGG
GGGCCCGGCCTCCTCATCACTCCAGTTCTGGATGAAGGTGCAGAGAAAGTGATGGCATAT
GTGCCTGATGCTGTCTGGTATGACTACGAGACTGGGAGCCAAGTGAGATGGAGGAAGCAA
AAAGTCGAGATGGAACTTCCTGGAGACAAAATTGGACTTCACCTTCGAGGAGGCTACATC
TTCCCCACACAGCAGCCAAATACAACCACTCTGGCCAGTCGAAAGAACCCTCTTGGTCTT
ATCATTGCCCTAGATGAGAACAAAGAAGCAAAAGGAGAACTTTTCTGGGATAATGGGGAA
ACGAAGGATACTGTGGCCAATAAAGTGTATCTTTTATGTGAGTTTTCTGTCACTCAAAAC
CGCTTGGAGGTGAATATTTCACAATCAACCTACAAGGACCCCAATAATTTAGCATTTAAT
GAGATTAAAATTCTTGGGACGGAGGAACCTAGCAATGTTACAGTGAAACACAATGGTGTC
CCAAGTCAGACTTCTCCTACAGTCACTTATGATTCTAACCTGAAGGTTGCCATTATCACA
GATATTGATCTTCTCCTGGGAGAAGCATACACAGTGGAATGGAGCATAAAGATAAGGGAT
GAAGAAAAAATAGACTGTTACCCTGATGAGAATGGTGCTTCTGCCGAAAACTGCACTGCC
CGTGGCTGTATCTGGGAGGCATCCAATTCTTCTGGAGTCCCTTTTTGCTATTTTGTCAAC
GACCTATACTCTGTCAGTGATGTTCAGTATAATTCCCATGGGGCCACAGCTGACATCTCC
TTAAAGTCTTCCGTTTATGCCAATGCCTTCCCCTCCACACCCGTGAACCCCCTTCGCCTG
GATGTCACTTACCATAAGAATGAAATGCTGCAGTTCAAGATTTATGATCCCAACAAGAAT
CGGTATGAAGTTCCAGTCCCTCTGAACATACCCAGCATGCCATCCAGCACCCCTGAGGGT
CAACTCTATGATGTGCTCATTAAGAAGAATCCATTTGGGATTGAAATTCGCCGGAAGAGT
ACAGGCACTATAATTTGGGACTCTCAGCTCCTTGGCTTTACCTTCAGTGACATGTTTATC
CGCATCTCCACCCGCCTTCCCTCCAAGTACCTCTATGGCTTTGGGGAAACTGAGCACAGG
TCCTATAGGAGAGACTTGGAGTGGCACACTTGGGGGATGTTCTCCCGAGACCAGCCCCCA
GGGTACAAGAAGAATTCCTATGGTGTCCACCCCTACTACATGGGGCTGGAGGAGGACGGC
AGTGCCCATGGAGTGCTCCTGCTGAACAGCAATGCCATGGATGTGACGTTCCAGCCCCTG
CCTGCCTTGACATACCGCACCACAGGGGGAGTTCTGGACTTTTATGTGTTCTTGGGGCCG
ACTCCAGAGCTTGTCACCCAGCAGTACACTGAGTTGATTGGCCGGCCTGTGATGGTACCT
TACTGGTCTTTGGGGTTCCAGCTGTGTCGCTATGGCTACCAGAATGACTCTGAGATCGCC
AGCTTGTATGATGAGATGGTGGCTGCCCAGATCCCTTATGATGTGCAGTACTCAGACATC
GACTACATGGAGCGGCAGCTGGACTTCACCCTCAGCCCCAAGTTTGCTGGGTTTCCAGCT
CTGATCAATCGCATGAAGGCTGATGGGATGCGGGTCATCCTCATTCTGGATCCAGCCATT
TCTGGCAATGAGACACAGCCTTATCCTGCCTTCACTCGGGGCGTGGAGGATGACGTCTTC
ATCAAATACCCAAATGATGGAGACATTGTCTGGGGAAAGGTCTGGCCTGATTTTCCTGAT
GTTGTTGTGAATGGGTCTCTAGACTGGGACAGCCAAGTGGAGCTATATCGAGCTTATGTG
GCCTTCCCAGACTTTTTCCGTAATTCAACTGCCAAGTGGTGGAAGAGGGAAATAGAAGAA
CTATACAACAATCCACAGAATCCAGAGAGGAGCTTGAAGTTTGATGGCATGTGGATTGAT
ATGAATGAACCATCAAGCTTCGTGAATGGGGCAGTTTCTCCAGGCTGCAGGGACGCCTCT
CTGAACCACCCTCCCTACATGCCACATTTGGAGTCCAGGGACAGGGGCCTGAGCAGCAAG
ACCCTTTGTATGGAGAGTCAGCAGATCCTCCCAGACGGCTCCCTGGTGCAGCACTACAAC
GTGCACAACCTGTATGGGTGGTCCCAGACCAGACCCACATACGAAGCCGTGCAGGAGGTG
ACGGGACAGCGAGGGGTCGTCATCACCCGCTCCACATTTCCCTCTTCTGGCCGCTGGGCA
GGACATTGGCTGGGAGACAACACGGCCGCATGGGATCAGCTGAAGAAGTCTATCATTGGC
ATGATGGAGTTCAGCCTCTTCGGCATATCCTATACGGGAGCAGATATCTGTGGGTTCTTT
CAAGATGCTGAATATGAGATGTGTGTTCGCTGGATGCAGCTGGGGGCCTTTTACCCCTTC
TCAAGAAACCACAACACCATTGGGACCAGGAGACAAGACCCTGTGTCCTGGGATGTTGCT
TTTGTGAATATTTCCAGAACTGTCCTGCAGACCAGATACACCCTGTTGCCATATCTGTAT
ACCTTGATGCATAAGGCCCACACGGAGGGCGTCACTGTTGTGCGGCCTCTGCTCCATGAG
TTTGTGTCAGACCAGGTGACATGGGACATAGACAGTCAGTTCCTGCTGGGCCCAGCCTTC
CTGGTCAGCCCTGTCCTGGAGCGTAATGCCAGAAATGTCACTGCATATTTCCCTAGAGCC
CGCTGGTATGATTACTACACGGGTGTGGATATTAATGCAAGAGGAGAGTGGAAGACCTTG
CCAGCCCCTCTTGACCACATTAATCTTCATGTCCGTGGGGGCTACATCCTGCCCTGGCAA
GAGCCTGCACTGAACACCCACTTAAGCCGCCAGAAATTCATGGGCTTCAAAATTGCCTTG
GATGATGAAGGAACTGCTGGGGGCTGGCTCTTCTGGGATGATGGGCAAAGCATTGATACC
TATGGGAAAGGACTCTATTACTTGGCCAGCTTTTCTGCCAGCCAGAATACGATGCAAAGC
CATATAATTTTCAACAATTACATCACTGGTACAAATCCTTTGAAACTGGGCTACATTGAA
ATCTGGGGAGTGGGCAGTGTCCCCGTTACCAGTGTCAGCATCTCTGTGAGTGGCATGGTC
ATAACACCCTCCTTCAACAATGACCCCACGACACAGGTATTAAGCATCGATGTGACTGAC
AGAAACATCAGCCTACATAATTTTACTTCATTGACGTGGATAAGCACTCTGTGA

1. Nichols BL, Eldering J, Avery S, Hahn D, Quaroni A, Sterchi E: Human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase cDNA cloning. Homology to sucrase-isomaltase. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 30;273(5):3076-81. [PubMed ]
2. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Naim HY, Sterchi EE, Lentze MJ: Structure, biosynthesis, and glycosylation of human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase. J Biol Chem. 1988 Dec 25;263(36):19709-17. [PubMed ]
5. Danielsen EM: Tyrosine sulfation, a post-translational modification of microvillar enzymes in the small intestinal enterocyte. EMBO J. 1987 Oct;6(10):2891-6. [PubMed ]
6. Sim L, Quezada-Calvillo R, Sterchi EE, Nichols BL, Rose DR: Human intestinal maltase-glucoamylase: crystal structure of the N-terminal catalytic subunit and basis of inhibition and substrate specificity. J Mol Biol. 2008 Jan 18;375(3):782-92. Epub 2007 Nov 1. [PubMed ]

MEAAVKEEISLEDEAVDKNIFRDCNKIAFYRRQKQWLSKKSTYQALLDSVTTDEDSTRFQ
IINEASKVPLLAEIYGIEGNIFRLKINEETPLKPRFEVPDVLTSKPSTVRLISCSGDTGS
LILADGKGDLKCHITANPFKVDLVSEEEVVISINSLGQLYFEHLQILHKQRAAKENEEET
SVDTSQENQEDLGLWEEKFGKFVDIKANGPSSIGLDFSLHGFEHLYGIPQHAESHQLKNT
GDGDAYRLYNLDVYGYQIYDKMGIYGSVPYLLAHKLGRTIGIFWLNASETLVEINTEPAV
EYTLTQMGPVAAKQKVRSRTHVHWMSESGIIDVFLLTGPTPSDVFKQYSHLTGTQAMPPL
FSLGYHQCRWNYEDEQDVKAVDAGFDEHDIPYDAMWLDIEHTEGKRYFTWDKNRFPNPKR
MQELLRSKKRKLVVISDPHIKIDPDYSVYVKAKDQGFFVKNQEGEDFEGVCWPGLSSYLD
FTNPKVREWYSSLFAFPVYQGSTDILFLWNDMNEPSVFRGPEQTMQKNAIHHGNWEHREL
HNIYGFYHQMATAEGLIKRSKGKERPFVLTRSFFAGSQKYGAVWTGDNTAEWSNLKISIP
MLLTLSITGISFCGADIGGFIGNPETELLVRWYQAGAYQPFFRGHATMNTKRREPWLFGE
EHTRLIREAIRERYGLLPYWYSLFYHAHVASQPVMRPLWVEFPDELKTFDMEDEYMLGSA
LLVHPVTEPKATTVDVFLPGSNEVWYDYKTFAHWEGGCTVKIPVALDTIPVFQRGGSVIP
IKTTVGKSTGWMTESSYGLRVALSTKGSSVGELYLDDGHSFQYLHQKQFLHRKFSFCSSV
LINSFADQRGHYPSKCVVEKILVLGFRKEPSSVTTHSSDGKDQPVAFTYCAKTSILSLEK
LSLNIATDWEVRII

• Galactose Metabolism (map00052 )
• Starch and Sucrose Metabolism (map00500 )

• Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing (1->4)-linked alpha-D-glucose residues with release of D-glucose ALL_REAC (other) R00028 R00801 R00802 R06084(G) R06087(G) R06088(G) INHIBITOR Castanospermine [CPD:C02256]

• Glyco_hydro_31 (PF01055 )

• None

• None

ATGGAAGCAGCAGTGAAAGAGGAAATAAGTCTTGAAGATGAAGCTGTAGATAAAAACATT
TTCAGAGACTGTAACAAGATCGCATTTTACAGGCGTCAGAAACAGTGGCTTTCCAAGAAG
TCCACCTATCAGGCATTATTGGATTCAGTCACAACAGATGAAGACAGCACCAGGTTCCAA
ATCATCAATGAAGCAAGTAAGGTTCCTCTCCTGGCTGAAATTTATGGTATAGAAGGAAAC
ATTTTCAGGCTTAAAATTAATGAAGAGACTCCTCTAAAACCCAGATTTGAAGTTCCGGAT
GTCCTCACAAGCAAGCCAAGCACTGTAAGGCTGATTTCATGCTCTGGGGACACAGGCAGT
CTGATATTGGCAGATGGAAAAGGAGACCTGAAGTGCCATATCACAGCAAACCCATTCAAG
GTAGACTTGGTGTCTGAAGAAGAGGTTGTGATTAGCATAAATTCCCTGGGCCAATTATAC
TTTGAGCATCTACAGATTCTTCACAAACAAAGAGCTGCTAAAGAAAATGAGGAGGAGACA
TCAGTGGACACCTCTCAGGAAAATCAAGAAGATCTGGGCCTGTGGGAAGAGAAATTTGGA
AAATTTGTGGATATCAAAGCTAATGGCCCTTCTTCTATTGGTTTGGATTTCTCCTTGCAT
GGATTTGAGCATCTTTATGGGATCCCACAACATGCAGAATCACACCAACTTAAAAATACT
GGTGATGGAGATGCTTACCGTCTTTATAACCTGGATGTCTATGGATACCAAATATATGAT
AAAATGGGCATTTATGGTTCAGTACCTTATCTCCTGGCCCACAAACTGGGCAGAACTATA
GGTATTTTCTGGCTGAATGCCTCGGAAACACTGGTGGAGATCAATACAGAGCCTGCAGTA
GAGTACACACTGACCCAGATGGGCCCAGTTGCTGCTAAACAAAAGGTCAGATCTCGCACT
CATGTGCACTGGATGTCAGAGAGTGGCATCATTGATGTTTTTCTGCTGACAGGACCTACA
CCTTCTGATGTCTTCAAACAGTACTCACACCTTACAGGCACACAAGCCATGCCCCCTCTT
TTCTCTTTGGGATACCACCAGTGCCGCTGGAACTATGAAGATGAGCAGGATGTAAAAGCA
GTGGATGCAGGGTTTGATGAGCATGACATTCCTTATGATGCCATGTGGCTGGACATAGAG
CACACTGAGGGCAAGAGGTACTTCACCTGGGACAAAAACAGATTCCCAAACCCCAAGAGG
ATGCAAGAGCTGCTCAGGAGCAAAAAGCGTAAGCTTGTGGTCATCAGTGATCCCCACATC
AAGATTGATCCTGACTACTCAGTATATGTGAAGGCCAAAGATCAGGGCTTCTTTGTGAAG
AATCAGGAAGGGGAAGACTTTGAAGGGGTGTGTTGGCCAGGTCTCTCCTCTTACCTGGAT
TTCACCAATCCCAAGGTCAGAGAGTGGTATTCAAGTCTTTTTGCTTTCCCTGTTTATCAG
GGATCTACGGACATCCTCTTCCTTTGGAATGACATGAATGAGCCTTCTGTCTTTAGAGGG
CCAGAGCAAACCATGCAGAAGAATGCCATTCATCATGGCAATTGGGAGCACAGAGAGCTC
CACAACATCTACGGTTTTTATCATCAAATGGCTACTGCAGAAGGACTGATAAAACGATCT
AAAGGGAAGGAGAGACCCTTTGTTCTTACACGTTCTTTCTTTGCTGGATCACAAAAGTAT
GGTGCCGTGTGGACAGGCGACAACACAGCAGAATGGAGCAACTTGAAAATTTCTATCCCA
ATGTTACTCACTCTCAGCATTACTGGGATCTCTTTTTGCGGAGCTGACATAGGCGGGTTC
ATTGGGAATCCAGAGACAGAGCTGCTAGTGCGTTGGTACCAGGCTGGAGCCTACCAGCCC
TTCTTCCGTGGCCATGCCACCATGAACACCAAGCGACGAGAGCCCTGGCTCTTTGGGGAG
GAACACACCCGACTCATCCGAGAAGCCATCAGAGAGCGCTATGGCCTCCTGCCATATTGG
TATTCTCTGTTCTACCATGCACACGTGGCTTCCCAACCTGTCATGAGGCCTCTGTGGGTA
GAGTTCCCTGATGAACTAAAGACTTTTGATATGGAAGATGAATACATGCTGGGGAGTGCA
TTATTGGTTCATCCAGTCACAGAACCAAAAGCCACCACAGTTGATGTGTTTCTTCCAGGA
TCAAATGAGGTCTGGTATGACTATAAGACATTTGCTCATTGGGAAGGAGGGTGTACTGTA
AAGATCCCAGTAGCCTTGGACACTATTCCAGTGTTTCAGCGAGGTGGAAGTGTGATACCA
ATAAAGACAACTGTAGGAAAATCCACAGGCTGGATGACTGAATCCTCCTATGGACTCCGG
GTTGCTCTAAGCACTAAGGGTTCTTCAGTGGGTGAGTTATATCTTGATGATGGCCATTCA
TTCCAATACCTCCACCAGAAGCAATTTTTGCACAGGAAGTTTTCATTCTGTTCCAGTGTT
CTGATCAATAGTTTTGCTGACCAGAGGGGTCATTATCCCAGCAAGTGTGTGGTGGAGAAG
ATCTTGGTCTTAGGCTTCAGGAAGGAGCCATCTTCTGTGACTACCCACTCATCTGATGGT
AAAGATCAGCCTGTGGCTTTTACGTATTGTGCCAAAACATCCATCCTGAGCCTGGAGAAG
CTCTCACTCAACATTGCCACTGACTGGGAGGTCCGCATCATATGA

1. Hirschhorn R, Huie ML, Kasper JS: Computer assisted cloning of human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC): a new paralog in the glycosyl hydrolase gene family 31. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13642-6. Epub 2002 Oct 7. [PubMed ]
2. Zody MC, Garber M, Sharpe T, Young SK, Rowen L, O'Neill K, Whittaker CA, Kamal M, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Kodira CD, Madan A, Qin S, Yang X, Abbasi N, Abouelleil A, Arachchi HM, Baradarani L, Birditt B, Bloom S, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Burke J, Butler J, Cook A, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dorris L 3rd, Dors M, Eichler EE, Engels R, Fahey J, Fleetwood P, Friedman C, Gearin G, Hall JL, Hensley G, Johnson E, Jones C, Kamat A, Kaur A, Locke DP, Madan A, Munson G, Jaffe DB, Lui A, Macdonald P, Mauceli E, Naylor JW, Nesbitt R, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Ratcliffe A, Rounsley S, She X, Sneddon KM, Stewart S, Sougnez C, Stone SM, Topham K, Vincent D, Wang S, Zimmer AR, Birren BW, Hood L, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15. Nature. 2006 Mar 30;440(7084):671-5. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

MGVRHPPCSHRLLAVCALVSLATAALLGHILLHDFLLVPRELSGSSPVLEETHPAHQQGA
SRPGPRDAQAHPGRPRAVPTQCDVPPNSRFDCAPDKAITQEQCEARGCCYIPAKQGLQGA
QMGQPWCFFPPSYPSYKLENLSSSEMGYTATLTRTTPTFFPKDILTLRLDVMMETENRLH
FTIKDPANRRYEVPLETPHVHSRAPSPLYSVEFSEEPFGVIVRRQLDGRVLLNTTVAPLF
FADQFLQLSTSLPSQYITGLAEHLSPLMLSTSWTRITLWNRDLAPTPGANLYGSHPFYLA
LEDGGSAHGVFLLNSNAMDVVLQPSPALSWRSTGGILDVYIFLGPEPKSVVQQYLDVVGY
PFMPPYWGLGFHLCRWGYSSTAITRQVVENMTRAHFPLDVQWNDLDYMDSRRDFTFNKDG
FRDFPAMVQELHQGGRRYMMIVDPAISSSGPAGSYRPYDEGLRRGVFITNETGQPLIGKV
WPGSTAFPDFTNPTALAWWEDMVAEFHDQVPFDGMWIDMNEPSNFIRGSEDGCPNNELEN
PPYVPGVVGGTLQAATICASSHQFLSTHYNLHNLYGLTEAIASHRALVKARGTRPFVISR
STFAGHGRYAGHWTGDVWSSWEQLASSVPEILQFNLLGVPLVGADVCGFLGNTSEELCVR
WTQLGAFYPFMRNHNSLLSLPQEPYSFSEPAQQAMRKALTLRYALLPHLYTLFHQAHVAG
ETVARPLFLEFPKDSSTWTVDHQLLWGEALLITPVLQAGKAEVTGYFPLGTWYDLQTVPV
EALGSLPPPPAAPREPAIHSEGQWVTLPAPLDTINVHLRAGYIIPLQGPGLTTTESRQQP
MALAVALTKGGEARGELFWDDGESLEVLERGAYTQVIFLARNNTIVNELVRVTSEGAGLQ
LQKVTVLGVATAPQQVLSNGVPVSNFTYSPDTKVLDICVSLLMGEQFLVSWC

• Glyco_hydro_31 (PF01055 )
• Trefoil (PF00088 )

• None

• None

ATGGGAGTGAGGCACCCGCCCTGCTCCCACCGGCTCCTGGCCGTCTGCGCCCTCGTGTCC
TTGGCAACCGCTGCACTCCTGGGGCACATCCTACTCCATGATTTCCTGCTGGTTCCCCGA
GAGCTGAGTGGCTCCTCCCCAGTCCTGGAGGAGACTCACCCAGCTCACCAGCAGGGAGCC
AGCAGACCAGGGCCCCGGGATGCCCAGGCACACCCCGGCCGTCCCAGAGCAGTGCCCACA
CAGTGCGACGTCCCCCCCAACAGCCGCTTCGATTGCGCCCCTGACAAGGCCATCACCCAG
GAACAGTGCGAGGCCCGCGGCTGTTGCTACATCCCTGCAAAGCAGGGGCTGCAGGGAGCC
CAGATGGGGCAGCCCTGGTGCTTCTTCCCACCCAGCTACCCCAGCTACAAGCTGGAGAAC
CTGAGCTCCTCTGAAATGGGCTACACGGCCACCCTGACCCGTACCACCCCCACCTTCTTC
CCCAAGGACATCCTGACCCTGCGGCTGGACGTGATGATGGAGACTGAGAACCGCCTCCAC
TTCACGATCAAAGATCCAGCTAACAGGCGCTACGAGGTGCCCTTGGAGACCCCGCATGTC
CACAGCCGGGCACCGTCCCCACTCTACAGCGTGGAGTTCTCCGAGGAGCCCTTCGGGGTG
ATCGTGCGCCGGCAGCTGGACGGCCGCGTGCTGCTGAACACGACGGTGGCGCCCCTGTTC
TTTGCGGACCAGTTCCTTCAGCTGTCCACCTCGCTGCCCTCGCAGTATATCACAGGCCTC
GCCGAGCACCTCAGTCCCCTGATGCTCAGCACCAGCTGGACCAGGATCACCCTGTGGAAC
CGGGACCTTGCGCCCACGCCCGGTGCGAACCTCTACGGGTCTCACCCTTTCTACCTGGCG
CTGGAGGACGGCGGGTCGGCACACGGGGTGTTCCTGCTAAACAGCAATGCCATGGATGTG
GTCCTGCAGCCGAGCCCTGCCCTTAGCTGGAGGTCGACAGGTGGGATCCTGGATGTCTAC
ATCTTCCTGGGCCCAGAGCCCAAGAGCGTGGTGCAGCAGTACCTGGACGTTGTGGGATAC
CCGTTCATGCCGCCATACTGGGGCCTGGGCTTCCACCTGTGCCGCTGGGGCTACTCCTCC
ACCGCTATCACCCGCCAGGTGGTGGAGAACATGACCAGGGCCCACTTCCCCCTGGACGTC
CAGTGGAACGACCTGGACTACATGGACTCCCGGAGGGACTTCACGTTCAACAAGGATGGC
TTCCGGGACTTCCCGGCCATGGTGCAGGAGCTGCACCAGGGCGGCCGGCGCTACATGATG
ATCGTGGATCCTGCCATCAGCAGCTCGGGCCCTGCCGGGAGCTACAGGCCCTACGACGAG
GGTCTGCGGAGGGGGGTTTTCATCACCAACGAGACCGGCCAGCCGCTGATTGGGAAGGTA
TGGCCCGGGTCCACTGCCTTCCCCGACTTCACCAACCCCACAGCCCTGGCCTGGTGGGAG
GACATGGTGGCTGAGTTCCATGACCAGGTGCCCTTCGACGGCATGTGGATTGACATGAAC
GAGCCTTCCAACTTCATCAGGGGCTCTGAGGACGGCTGCCCCAACAATGAGCTGGAGAAC
CCACCCTACGTGCCTGGGGTGGTTGGGGGGACCCTCCAGGCGGCCACCATCTGTGCCTCC
AGCCACCAGTTTCTCTCCACACACTACAACCTGCACAACCTCTACGGCCTGACCGAAGCC
ATCGCCTCCCACAGGGCGCTGGTGAAGGCTCGGGGGACACGCCCATTTGTGATCTCCCGC
TCGACCTTTGCTGGCCACGGCCGATACGCCGGCCACTGGACGGGGGACGTGTGGAGCTCC
TGGGAGCAGCTCGCCTCCTCCGTGCCAGAAATCCTGCAGTTTAACCTGCTGGGGGTGCCT
CTGGTCGGGGCCGACGTCTGCGGCTTCCTGGGCAACACCTCAGAGGAGCTGTGTGTGCGC
TGGACCCAGCTGGGGGCCTTCTACCCCTTCATGCGGAACCACAACAGCCTGCTCAGTCTG
CCCCAGGAGCCGTACAGCTTCAGCGAGCCGGCCCAGCAGGCCATGAGGAAGGCCCTCACC
CTGCGCTACGCACTCCTCCCCCACCTCTACACACTGTTCCACCAGGCCCACGTCGCGGGG
GAGACCGTGGCCCGGCCCCTCTTCCTGGAGTTCCCCAAGGACTCTAGCACCTGGACTGTG
GACCACCAGCTCCTGTGGGGGGAGGCCCTGCTCATCACCCCAGTGCTCCAGGCCGGGAAG
GCCGAAGTGACTGGCTACTTCCCCTTGGGCACATGGTACGACCTGCAGACGGTGCCAGTA
GAGGCCCTTGGCAGCCTCCCACCCCCACCTGCAGCTCCCCGTGAGCCAGCCATCCACAGC
GAGGGGCAGTGGGTGACGCTGCCGGCCCCCCTGGACACCATCAACGTCCACCTCCGGGCT
GGGTACATCATCCCCCTGCAGGGCCCTGGCCTCACAACCACAGAGTCCCGCCAGCAGCCC
ATGGCCCTGGCTGTGGCCCTGACCAAGGGTGGGGAGGCCCGAGGGGAGCTGTTCTGGGAC
GATGGAGAGAGCCTGGAAGTGCTGGAGCGAGGGGCCTACACACAGGTCATCTTCCTGGCC
AGGAATAACACGATCGTGAATGAGCTGGTACGTGTGACCAGTGAGGGAGCTGGCCTGCAG
CTGCAGAAGGTGACTGTCCTGGGCGTGGCCACGGCGCCCCAGCAGGTCCTCTCCAACGGT
GTCCCTGTCTCCAACTTCACCTACAGCCCCGACACCAAGGTCCTGGACATCTGTGTCTCG
CTGTTGATGGGAGAGCAGTTTCTCGTCAGCTGGTGTTAG

1. Zody MC, Garber M, Adams DJ, Sharpe T, Harrow J, Lupski JR, Nicholson C, Searle SM, Wilming L, Young SK, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Bi W, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Bugalter BE, Butler J, Chang JL, Chen CK, Cook A, Corum B, Cuomo CA, de Jong PJ, DeCaprio D, Dewar K, FitzGerald M, Gilbert J, Gibson R, Gnerre S, Goldstein S, Grafham DV, Grocock R, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hart E, Norman CH, Humphray S, Jaffe DB, Jones M, Kamal M, Khodiyar VK, LaButti K, Laird G, Lehoczky J, Liu X, Lokyitsang T, Loveland J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews L, Mauceli E, McCarroll SA, Mihalev AH, Mudge J, Nguyen C, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Osoegawa K, Schwartz DC, Shaw-Smith C, Stankiewicz P, Steward C, Swarbreck D, Venkataraman V, Whittaker CA, Yang X, Zimmer AR, Bradley A, Hubbard T, Birren BW, Rogers J, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: DNA sequence of human chromosome 17 and analysis of rearrangement in the human lineage. Nature. 2006 Apr 20;440(7087):1045-9. [PubMed ]

1. Collectin placenta protein 1
2. CL-P1
3. hCL-P1
4. Nurse cell scavenger receptor 2
5. Scavenger receptor class A member 4
6. Scavenger receptor with C-type lectin

MKDDFAEEEEVQSFGYKRFGIQEGTQCTKCKNNWALKFSIILLYILCALLTITVAILGYK
VVEKMDNVTGGMETSRQTYDDKLTAVESDLKKLGDQTGKKAISTNSELSTFRSDILDLRQ
QLREITEKTSKNKDTLEKLQASGDALVDRQSQLKETLENNSFLITTVNKTLQAYNGYVTN
LQQDTSVLQGNLQNQMYSHNVVIMNLNNLNLTQVQQRNLITNLQRSVDDTSQAIQRIKND
FQNLQQVFLQAKKDTDWLKEKVQSLQTLAANNSALAKANNDTLEDMNSQLNSFTGQMENI
TTISQANEQNLKDLQDLHKDAENRTAIKFNQLEERFQLFETDIVNIISNISYTAHHLRTL
TSNLNEVRTTCTDTLTKHTDDLTSLNNTLANIRLDSVSLRMQQDLMRSRLDTEVANLSVI
MEEMKLVDSKHGQLIKNFTILQGPPGPRGPRGDRGSQGPPGPTGNKGQKGEKGEPGPPGP
AGERGPIGPAGPPGERGGKGSKGSQGPKGSRGSPGKPGPQGSSGDPGPPGPPGKEGLPGP
QGPPGFQGLQGTVGEPGVPGPRGLPGLPGVPGMPGPKGPPGPPGPSGAVVPLALQNEPTP
APEDNGCPPHWKNFTDKCYYFSVEKEIFEDAKLFCEDKSSHLVFINTREEQQWIKKQMVG
RESHWIGLTDSERENEWKWLDGTSPDYKNWKAGQPDNWGHGHGPGEDCAGLIYAGQWNDF
QCEDVNNFICEKDRETVLSSAL

• Collagen (PF01391 )
• Lectin_C (PF00059 )

• None

• 38-58

ATGAAAGACGACTTCGCAGAGGAGGAGGAGGTGCAATCCTTCGGTTACAAGCGGTTTGGT
ATTCAGGAAGGAACACAATGTACCAAATGTAAAAATAACTGGGCACTGAAGTTTTCTATC
ATATTATTATACATTTTGTGTGCCTTGCTAACAATCACAGTAGCCATTTTGGGATATAAA
GTTGTAGAGAAAATGGACAATGTCACAGGTGGCATGGAAACATCTCGCCAAACCTATGAT
GACAAGCTCACAGCAGTGGAAAGTGACCTGAAAAAATTAGGTGACCAAACTGGGAAGAAA
GCTATCAGCACCAACTCAGAACTCTCCACCTTCAGATCAGACATTCTAGATCTCCGTCAG
CAACTTCGTGAGATTACAGAAAAAACCAGCAAGAACAAGGATACGCTGGAGAAGTTACAG
GCGAGCGGGGATGCTCTGGTGGACAGGCAGAGTCAATTGAAAGAAACTTTGGAGAATAAC
TCTTTCCTCATCACCACTGTAAACAAAACCCTCCAGGCGTATAATGGCTATGTCACGAAT
CTGCAGCAAGATACCAGCGTGCTCCAGGGCAATCTGCAGAACCAAATGTATTCTCATAAT
GTGGTCATCATGAACCTCAACAACCTGAACCTGACCCAGGTGCAGCAGAGGAACCTCATC
ACGAATCTGCAGCGGTCTGTGGATGACACAAGCCAGGCTATCCAGCGAATCAAGAACGAC
TTTCAAAATCTGCAGCAGGTTTTTCTTCAAGCCAAGAAGGACACGGATTGGCTGAAGGAG
AAAGTGCAGAGCTTGCAGACGCTGGCTGCCAACAACTCTGCGTTGGCCAAAGCCAACAAC
GACACCCTGGAGGATATGAACAGCCAGCTCAACTCATTCACAGGTCAGATGGAGAACATC
ACCACTATCTCTCAAGCCAACGAGCAGAACCTGAAAGACCTGCAGGACTTACACAAAGAT
GCAGAGAATAGAACAGCCATCAAGTTCAACCAACTGGAGGAACGCTTCCAGCTCTTTGAG
ACGGATATTGTGAACATCATTAGCAATATCAGTTACACAGCCCACCACCTGCGGACGCTG
ACCAGCAATCTAAATGAAGTCAGGACCACTTGCACAGATACCCTTACCAAACACACAGAT
GATCTGACCTCCTTGAATAATACCCTGGCCAACATCCGTTTGGATTCTGTTTCTCTCAGG
ATGCAACAAGATTTGATGAGGTCGAGGTTAGACACTGAAGTAGCCAACTTATCAGTGATT
ATGGAAGAAATGAAGCTAGTAGACTCCAAGCATGGTCAGCTCATCAAGAATTTTACAATA
CTACAAGGTCCACCGGGCCCCAGGGGTCCAAGAGGTGACAGAGGATCCCAGGGACCCCCT
GGCCCAACTGGCAACAAGGGACAGAAAGGAGAGAAGGGGGAGCCTGGACCACCTGGCCCT
GCGGGTGAGAGAGGCCCAATTGGACCAGCTGGTCCCCCCGGAGAGCGTGGCGGCAAAGGA
TCTAAAGGCTCCCAGGGCCCCAAAGGCTCCCGTGGTTCCCCTGGGAAGCCCGGCCCTCAG
GGCCCCAGTGGGGACCCAGGCCCCCCGGGCCCACCAGGCAAAGAGGGACTCCCCGGCCCT
CAGGGCCCTCCTGGCTTCCAGGGACTTCAGGGCACCGTTGGGGAGCCTGGGGTGCCTGGA
CCTCGGGGACTGCCAGGCTTGCCTGGGGTACCAGGCATGCCAGGCCCCAAGGGCCCCCCC
GGCCCTCCTGGCCCATCAGGAGCGGTGGTGCCCCTGGCCCTGCAGAATGAGCCAACCCCG
GCACCGGAGGACAATGGCTGCCCGCCTCACTGGAAGAACTTCACAGACAAATGCTACTAT
TTTTCAGTTGAGAAAGAAATTTTTGAGGATGCAAAGCTTTTCTGTGAAGACAAGTCTTCA
CATCTTGTTTTCATAAACACTAGAGAGGAACAGCAATGGATAAAAAAACAGATGGTAGGG
AGAGAGAGCCACTGGATCGGCCTCACAGACTCAGAGCGTGAAAATGAATGGAAGTGGCTG
GATGGGACATCTCCAGACTACAAAAATTGGAAAGCTGGACAGCCGGATAACTGGGGTCAT
GGCCATGGGCCAGGAGAAGACTGTGCTGGGTTGATTTATGCTGGGCAGTGGAACGATTTC
CAATGTGAAGACGTCAATAACTTCATTTGCGAAAAAGACAGGGAGACAGTACTGTCATCT
GCATTATAA

1. Nakamura K, Funakoshi H, Miyamoto K, Tokunaga F, Nakamura T: Molecular cloning and functional characterization of a human scavenger receptor with C-type lectin (SRCL), a novel member of a scavenger receptor family. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Feb 2;280(4):1028-35. [PubMed ]
2. Ohtani K, Suzuki Y, Eda S, Kawai T, Kase T, Keshi H, Sakai Y, Fukuoh A, Sakamoto T, Itabe H, Suzutani T, Ogasawara M, Yoshida I, Wakamiya N: The membrane-type collectin CL-P1 is a scavenger receptor on vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 23;276(47):44222-8. Epub 2001 Sep 19. [PubMed ]
3. Yoshida T, Tsuruta Y, Iwasaki M, Yamane S, Ochi T, Suzuki R: SRCL/CL-P1 recognizes GalNAc and a carcinoma-associated antigen, Tn antigen. J Biochem. 2003 Mar;133(3):271-7. [PubMed ]
4. Nusbaum C, Zody MC, Borowsky ML, Kamal M, Kodira CD, Taylor TD, Whittaker CA, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Yang X, Abouelleil A, Allen NR, Anderson S, Bloom T, Bugalter B, Butler J, Cook A, DeCaprio D, Engels R, Garber M, Gnirke A, Hafez N, Hall JL, Norman CH, Itoh T, Jaffe DB, Kuroki Y, Lehoczky J, Lui A, Macdonald P, Mauceli E, Mikkelsen TS, Naylor JW, Nicol R, Nguyen C, Noguchi H, O'Leary SB, O'Neill K, Piqani B, Smith CL, Talamas JA, Topham K, Totoki Y, Toyoda A, Wain HM, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Fujiyama A, Hattori M, Birren BW, Sakaki Y, Lander ES: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 18. Nature. 2005 Sep 22;437(7058):551-5. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
7. Ohmori H, Makita Y, Funamizu M, Chiba S, Ohtani K, Suzuki Y, Wakamiya N, Hata A: Haplotype analysis of the human collectin placenta 1 (hCL-P1) gene. J Hum Genet. 2003;48(2):82-5. [PubMed ]
8. Coombs PJ, Graham SA, Drickamer K, Taylor ME: Selective binding of the scavenger receptor C-type lectin to Lewisx trisaccharide and related glycan ligands. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 17;280(24):22993-9. Epub 2005 Apr 21. [PubMed ]
9. Nakamura K, Ohya W, Funakoshi H, Sakaguchi G, Kato A, Takeda M, Kudo T, Nakamura T: Possible role of scavenger receptor SRCL in the clearance of amyloid-beta in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res. 2006 Sep;84(4):874-90. [PubMed ]
10. Feinberg H, Taylor ME, Weis WI: Scavenger receptor C-type lectin binds to the leukocyte cell surface glycan Lewis(x) by a novel mechanism. J Biol Chem. 2007 Jun 8;282(23):17250-8. Epub 2007 Apr 9. [PubMed ]

MPVLYDRLLKLKEMFNSKFGSIPKFYVRAPGRVNIIGEHIDYCGYSVLPMAVEQDVLIAV
EPVKTYALQLANTNPLYPDFSTSANNIQIDKTKPLWHNYFLCGLKGIQEHFGLSNLTGMN
CLVDGNIPPSSGLSSSSALVCCAGLVTLTVLGRNLSKVELAEICAKSERYIGTEGGGMDQ
SISFLAEEGTAKLIEFSPLRATDVKLPSGAVFVIANSCVEMNKAATSHFNIRVMECRLAA
KLLAKYKSLQWDKVLRLEEVQAKLGISLEEMLLVTEDALHPEPYNPEEICRCLGISLEEL
RTQILSPNTQDVLIFKLYQRAKHVYSEAARVLQFKKICEEAPENMVQLLGELMNQSHMSC
RDMYECSCPELDQLVDICRKFGAQGSRLTGAGWGGCTVSMVPADKLPSFLANVHKAYYQR
SDGSLAPEKQSLFATKPGGGALVLLEA

• GalKase_gal_bdg (PF10509 )
• GHMP_kinases_C (PF08544 )
• GHMP_kinases_N (PF00288 )

• None

• None

ATGCCCGTCCTATATGACAGGTTACTGAAGCTAAAGGAGATGTTTAACTCCAAGTTTGGA
TCTATTCCCAAGTTTTATGTTCGAGCACCAGGAAGAGTCAACATAATAGGAGAGCATATA
GATTATTGTGGATATTCTGTTCTTCCTATGGCTGTAGAACAAGATGTGCTAATAGCTGTA
GAACCTGTGAAAACGTACGCTCTCCAACTGGCCAATACAAATCCCTTGTATCCGGACTTC
AGTACTAGTGCTAATAACATCCAGATTGATAAAACCAAGCCTTTGTGGCACAACTATTTC
TTATGTGGACTTAAAGGAATTCAGGAACACTTTGGTCTTAGTAACCTGACTGGAATGAAC
TGCCTGGTAGATGGAAATATCCCACCAAGTTCTGGCCTCTCCAGCTCCAGTGCTTTGGTC
TGTTGTGCTGGCTTGGTGACGCTCACAGTGCTGGGAAGGAATCTATCCAAGGTGGAACTT
GCAGAAATCTGTGCCAAGAGTGAGCGTTACATTGGCACTGAAGGAGGAGGCATGGACCAG
TCTATATCATTTCTTGCAGAAGAAGGAACTGCCAAGTTGATAGAATTTAGTCCTCTGAGG
GCAACCGATGTAAAACTCCCAAGTGGAGCAGTGTTTGTGATTGCCAACAGTTGTGTGGAG
ATGAATAAGGCAGCAACTTCCCATTTCAATATCAGGGTGATGGAGTGTCGGCTGGCTGCG
AAGCTCCTGGCTAAATACAAAAGCTTGCAATGGGACAAAGTACTGAGGCTGGAGGAGGTG
CAGGCTAAACTAGGGATTAGTCTAGAAGAAATGCTGTTGGTCACAGAAGATGCCCTTCAT
CCTGAACCCTATAACCCTGAGGAGATCTGCAGGTGTCTGGGAATTAGCCTGGAGGAACTC
CGAACCCAAATCCTGAGTCCAAACACTCAAGATGTGCTCATCTTCAAACTCTATCAGCGG
GCAAAGCATGTGTACAGCGAGGCTGCGCGAGTGCTCCAGTTTAAGAAGATATGTGAAGAA
GCACCTGAAAACATGGTCCAGCTGCTGGGAGAGTTGATGAACCAGAGCCACATGAGCTGC
CGGGACATGTATGAGTGCAGCTGCCCCGAGCTGGATCAGCTGGTGGACATCTGTCGGAAG
TTTGGGGCTCAAGGGTCACGACTTACTGGAGCAGGATGGGGAGGCTGCACAGTATCAATG
GTACCTGCGGACAAGCTGCCCAGCTTTCTAGCAAATGTGCACAAAGCTTATTACCAGAGG
AGTGATGGAAGCTTAGCACCGGAGAAGCAAAGTTTGTTTGCTACCAAACCTGGAGGTGGG
GCTTTGGTTTTGCTTGAGGCCTGA

MASRLLLNNGAKMPILGLGTWKSPPGQVTEAVKVAIDVGYRHIDCAHVYQNENEVGVAIQ
EKLREQVVKREELFIVSKLWCTYHEKGLVKGACQKTLSDLKLDYLDLYLIHWPTGFKPGK
EFFPLDESGNVVPSDTNILDTWAAMEELVDEGLVKAIGISNFNHLQVEMILNKPGLKYKP
AVNQIECHPYLTQEKLIQYCQSKGIVVTAYSPLGSPDRPWAKPEDPSLLEDPRIKAIAAK
HNKTTAQVLIRFPMQRNLVVIPKSVTPERIAENFKVFDFELSSQDMTTLLSYNRNWRVCA
LLSCTSHKDYPFHEEF

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None