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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:35 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014352
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0001916
  • HMDB01916
  • HMDB14352
Metabolite Identification
Common NameAzithromycin
DescriptionAzithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic of the azalide class. It is used to treat certain bacterial infections, most often bacteria causing middle ear infections, tonsillitis, throat infections, laryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, and sinusitis. It is also effective against certain sexually transmitted infectious diseases, such as non-gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis. Like other macrolide antibiotics, azithromycin inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit of the bacterial 70S ribosome. Binding inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with amino acid translocation during the process of translation. Its effects may be bacteriostatic or bactericidal depending of the organism and the drug concentration. Its long half-life, which enables once-daily dosing, and shorter administration durations is a property distinct from other macrolides. Azithromycin is derived from erythromycin; however, it differs chemically from erythromycin in that a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom is incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is sold under the brand names Zithromax ("Zmax") and Sumamed, and is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics.
Structure
Data?1582753168
Synonyms
ValueSource
(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)13-((2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-alpha-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-((3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-beta-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-oneChEBI
AzenilChEBI
AzifastChEBI
AzigramChEBI
AzimakrolChEBI
AzithromycineChEBI
AzithromycinumChEBI
AzitromicinaChEBI
AzitrominChEBI
HemomycinChEBI
ZithromaxChEBI
ZmaxChEBI
(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)13-((2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-a-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-((3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-b-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-oneGenerator
(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)13-((2,6-Dideoxy-3-C-methyl-3-O-methyl-α-L-ribo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-11-((3,4,6-trideoxy-3-(dimethylamino)-β-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl)oxy)-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-oneGenerator
AzithramycineHMDB
Azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
AzythromycinHMDB
Dihydrate, azithromycinHMDB
Monohydrate, azithromycinHMDB
Pfizer brand OF azithromycinHMDB
AzadoseHMDB
AzitrocinHMDB
Funk brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
Pharmacia brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
SumamedHMDB
ZentavionHMDB
Azithromycin monohydrateHMDB
Azithromycin pfizer brandHMDB
GoxalHMDB
Mack brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
ToraseptolHMDB
Bayer brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
Lesvi brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
Pfizer brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
UltreonHMDB
VinzamHMDB
Vita brand OF azithromycin dihydrateHMDB
ZitromaxHMDB
Chemical FormulaC38H72N2O12
Average Molecular Weight748.9845
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight748.508525778
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4R,5R,8R,10R,11R,12S,13S,14R)-11-{[(2S,3R,4S,6R)-4-(dimethylamino)-3-hydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-ethyl-3,4,10-trihydroxy-13-{[(2R,4R,5S,6S)-5-hydroxy-4-methoxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,5,6,8,10,12,14-heptamethyl-1-oxa-6-azacyclopentadecan-15-one
Traditional Nameazithromycin
CAS Registry Number83905-01-5
SMILES
CC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)CN(C)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@]1(C)O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C38H72N2O12/c1-15-27-38(10,46)31(42)24(6)40(13)19-20(2)17-36(8,45)33(52-35-29(41)26(39(11)12)16-21(3)48-35)22(4)30(23(5)34(44)50-27)51-28-18-37(9,47-14)32(43)25(7)49-28/h20-33,35,41-43,45-46H,15-19H2,1-14H3/t20-,21-,22+,23-,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30+,31-,32+,33-,35+,36-,37-,38-/m1/s1
InChI KeyMQTOSJVFKKJCRP-BICOPXKESA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as aminoglycosides. These are molecules or a portion of a molecule composed of amino-modified sugars.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentAminoglycosides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Aminoglycoside core
  • Macrolide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Monosaccharide
  • Oxane
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Tertiary amine
  • Tertiary aliphatic amine
  • Oxacycle
  • Acetal
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Azacycle
  • Ether
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point113 - 115 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.51 g/LNot Available
LogP4.02MCFARLAND,JW ET AL. (1997)
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+Not Available263.507http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001324
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.51 g/LALOGPS
logP3.03ALOGPS
logP2.44ChemAxon
logS-3.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.43ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.57ChemAxon
Physiological Charge2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count13ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area180.08 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity194.11 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability82.93 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+265.70930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-263.98630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-298.01830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+272.00130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+267.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+267.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+267.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+267.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-253.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-259.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-265.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
AzithromycinCC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)CN(C)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@]1(C)O3444.3Standard polar33892256
AzithromycinCC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)CN(C)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@]1(C)O4319.7Standard non polar33892256
AzithromycinCC[C@H]1OC(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@H]2C[C@@](C)(OC)[C@@H](O)[C@H](C)O2)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]2O)N(C)C)[C@](C)(O)C[C@@H](C)CN(C)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)[C@]1(C)O4369.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-001i-9400002500-41dea9c95a10a1b1de402017-11-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Azithromycin GC-MS (TBDMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-0300030900-1a7ea512a0aa566e59ed2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-4911100000-f759f24274aebce8e08c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-3912280200-df9a72a4769570064ef92017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin , positive-QTOFsplash10-004l-0309050000-5e1be028a242f0d384eb2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin , positive-QTOFsplash10-0f6t-0300030900-1a7ea512a0aa566e59ed2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin , positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-4911100000-f759f24274aebce8e08c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin , positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-3912280200-df9a72a4769570064ef92017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin -1V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052g-1500090600-c927b1d59baafc36f28a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-007p-0200290400-6b26ce4eae1da4ab75392016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-008c-1400980000-bd2668df569167cd35782016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052f-9202600000-d73ef5fca5d0b7f574402016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-002n-1711270900-c52a335bcbed8f5697ac2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-055u-1301292100-964dbaabd967748c65852016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-4310960000-a18b1f6c98eecf56c1a42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0000000900-e672b5dc6a5cbe904a202021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05i4-2900060400-4207a30e8e22ff575ffa2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-8900010000-9f3cd28580ffd31cbfe42021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0000010900-0a636d0c8349389b6fca2021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-006t-1900010600-77547434176448b7b8702021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Azithromycin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-3900000300-261e118cc7c9d298dc582021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, 100%_DMSO, experimental)2019-05-16Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00207 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00207 details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00207
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID10482163
KEGG Compound IDC06838
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkAzithromycin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound447043
PDB IDZIT
ChEBI ID2955
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Noedl H, Krudsood S, Chalermratana K, Silachamroon U, Leowattana W, Tangpukdee N, Looareesuwan S, Miller RS, Fukuda M, Jongsakul K, Sriwichai S, Rowan J, Bhattacharyya H, Ohrt C, Knirsch C: Azithromycin combination therapy with artesunate or quinine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in adults: a randomized, phase 2 clinical trial in Thailand. Clin Infect Dis. 2006 Nov 15;43(10):1264-71. Epub 2006 Oct 12. [PubMed:17051490 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits a high coumarin 7-hydroxylase activity. Can act in the hydroxylation of the anti-cancer drugs cyclophosphamide and ifosphamide. Competent in the metabolic activation of aflatoxin B1. Constitutes the major nicotine C-oxidase. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. Possesses low phenacetin O-deethylation activity.
Gene Name:
CYP2A6
Uniprot ID:
P11509
Molecular weight:
56517.005
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Wang E, Lew K, Barecki M, Casciano CN, Clement RP, Johnson WW: Quantitative distinctions of active site molecular recognition by P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P450 3A4. Chem Res Toxicol. 2001 Dec;14(12):1596-603. [PubMed:11743742 ]
  2. Asakura E, Nakayama H, Sugie M, Zhao YL, Nadai M, Kitaichi K, Shimizu A, Miyoshi M, Takagi K, Takagi K, Hasegawa T: Azithromycin reverses anticancer drug resistance and modifies hepatobiliary excretion of doxorubicin in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004 Jan 26;484(2-3):333-9. [PubMed:14744620 ]