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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:40 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014600
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14600
Metabolite Identification
Common NamePrazosin
DescriptionPrazosin is a selective α-1-adrenergic receptor antagonist used to treat hypertension. It has also been used to decrease urinary obstruction and relieve symptoms associated with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. α1-Receptors mediate contraction and hypertrophic growth of smooth muscle cells. Antagonism of these receptors leads to smooth muscle relaxation in the peripheral vasculature and prostate gland. Prazosin has also been used in conjunction with cardiac glycosides and diuretics in the management of severe congestive heart failure. It has also been used alone or in combination with β-blockers in the preoperative management of signs and symptoms of pheochromocytoma.
Structure
Data?1582753197
Synonyms
ValueSource
1-(4-Amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)-4-(2-furanylcarbonyl)piperazineChEBI
2-(4-(2-Furoyl)piperazin-1-yl)-4-amino-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolineChEBI
PrazosinaChEBI
PrazosineChEBI
PrazosinumChEBI
MinipressKegg
PrazocinHMDB
FurazosinHMDB
Hydrochloride, prazosinHMDB
Pfizer brand OF prazosin hydrochlorideHMDB
Douglas brand OF prazosin hydrochlorideHMDB
Prazosin HCLHMDB
HCL, PrazosinHMDB
PratsiolHMDB
Prazosin hydrochlorideHMDB
Chemical FormulaC19H21N5O4
Average Molecular Weight383.4011
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight383.159354185
IUPAC Name2-[4-(furan-2-carbonyl)piperazin-1-yl]-6,7-dimethoxyquinazolin-4-amine
Traditional Nameprazosin
CAS Registry Number19216-56-9
SMILES
COC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N)=NC(=NC2=C1)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1=CC=CO1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H21N5O4/c1-26-15-10-12-13(11-16(15)27-2)21-19(22-17(12)20)24-7-5-23(6-8-24)18(25)14-4-3-9-28-14/h3-4,9-11H,5-8H2,1-2H3,(H2,20,21,22)
InChI KeyIENZQIKPVFGBNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as n-arylpiperazines. These are organic compounds containing a piperazine ring where the nitrogen ring atom carries an aryl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassDiazinanes
Sub ClassPiperazines
Direct ParentN-arylpiperazines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • N-arylpiperazine
  • Quinazolinamine
  • Diazanaphthalene
  • Quinazoline
  • 2-heteroaryl carboxamide
  • Furoic acid or derivatives
  • Anisole
  • Dialkylarylamine
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Aminopyrimidine
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyrimidine
  • Imidolactam
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Furan
  • Carboxamide group
  • Amino acid or derivatives
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Ether
  • Oxacycle
  • Azacycle
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Primary amine
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point279 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.69 g/LNot Available
LogP1.3Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM192.730932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.69 g/LALOGPS
logP1.93ALOGPS
logP1.65ChemAxon
logS-2.7ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)7.24ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count7ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area106.95 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count4ChemAxon
Refractivity104.5 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.49 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+190.36931661259
DarkChem[M-H]-189.15831661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+186.30930932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-183.95130932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-218.22530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+193.35230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+191.032859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+188.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+193.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+194.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-190.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-190.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-190.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
PrazosinCOC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N)=NC(=NC2=C1)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1=CC=CO14098.7Standard polar33892256
PrazosinCOC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N)=NC(=NC2=C1)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1=CC=CO13412.8Standard non polar33892256
PrazosinCOC1=C(OC)C=C2C(N)=NC(=NC2=C1)N1CCN(CC1)C(=O)C1=CC=CO13750.4Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Prazosin,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3744.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3249.2Standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC5301.9Standard polar33892256
Prazosin,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3648.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3198.7Standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC4866.5Standard polar33892256
Prazosin,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3913.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3416.9Standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC5207.1Standard polar33892256
Prazosin,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3997.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC3623.3Standard non polar33892256
Prazosin,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=NC(N3CCN(C(=O)C4=CC=CO4)CC3)=NC(N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C2C=C1OC4763.0Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prazosin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004s-6964000000-767452811ea10bd5212f2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Prazosin GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0019000000-9cca43997ddcbdd78e842017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-9da934e12af818eb0a082017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-85316e57dd3fefac386d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0019000000-09972bca73a43a1b73ab2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-1597000000-48d7b8ba991427bab5c22017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QQ , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-7491000000-4258e4db8045e56fe90f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-IT , positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0093000000-bffbfeafa12bdaf90f1d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-d13122c92100f1c0a02e2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-b0b57af432244c705c262017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-000t-1289000000-c6fe1f53648d640102aa2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-000t-3292000000-6907f1985350ad49c47b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-000t-8490000000-f9e0f1ad0c30225b7de22017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-77125e491b72f0b0adae2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0029000000-4492a1b0f9df7854cc062017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0f8j-0392000000-b5c53dfdec441c727d1f2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin , positive-QTOFsplash10-001r-0149000000-db377c2ba80a2269be912017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-b0b57af432244c705c262021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-d13122c92100f1c0a02e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000t-1289000000-c6fe1f53648d640102aa2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-c6d1daacd75d84cdcd432016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f89-0009000000-8b8092f98e28585b44262016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-1290000000-97e5af08f45209e9c83c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-0009000000-5a0c9368a651828baa302016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00lr-2009000000-83a9ee008cd107198d0a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Prazosin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014l-6196000000-cf8f424d6bd672c052dc2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00457 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00457 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00457
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4724
KEGG Compound IDC07368
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkPrazosin
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound4893
PDB IDXRA
ChEBI ID8364
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Hiraoka Y, Taniguchi T, Tanaka T, Okada K, Kanamaru H, Muramatsu I: Pharmacological characterization of unique prazosin-binding sites in human kidney. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2003 Jul;368(1):49-56. Epub 2003 Jun 25. [PubMed:12827214 ]
  2. Cushman WC, Ford CE, Cutler JA, Margolis KL, Davis BR, Grimm RH, Black HR, Hamilton BP, Holland J, Nwachuku C, Papademetriou V, Probstfield J, Wright JT Jr, Alderman MH, Weiss RJ, Piller L, Bettencourt J, Walsh SM: Success and predictors of blood pressure control in diverse North American settings: the antihypertensive and lipid-lowering treatment to prevent heart attack trial (ALLHAT). J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2002 Nov-Dec;4(6):393-404. [PubMed:12461301 ]
  3. Bawaskar HS, Bawaskar PH: Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting. J Assoc Physicians India. 2007 Jan;55:14-21. [PubMed:17444339 ]
  4. Sigma Aldrich [Link]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID:
P04798
Molecular weight:
58164.815
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channel. Channel properties are modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly. Mediates the rapidly activating component of the delayed rectifying potassium current in heart (IKr). Isoform 3 has no channel activity by itself, but modulates channel characteristics when associated with isoform 1
Gene Name:
KCNH2
Uniprot ID:
Q12809
Molecular weight:
126653.5
References
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. [PubMed:15098086 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Elicits a slowly activating, rectifying current. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly
Gene Name:
KCNH6
Uniprot ID:
Q9H252
Molecular weight:
109923.7
References
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. [PubMed:15098086 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system. Its effect is mediated by G(q) and G(11) proteins
Gene Name:
ADRA1A
Uniprot ID:
P35348
Molecular weight:
51486.0
References
  1. Chang HK, Hsu FL, Liu IM, Cheng JT: Stimulatory effect of cinnamic acid analogues on alpha1A-adrenoceptors in-vitro. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2003 Jun;55(6):833-7. [PubMed:12841945 ]
  2. Eltze M: In functional experiments, risperidone is selective, not for the B, but for the A subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan 4;295(1):69-73. [PubMed:8925876 ]
  3. Morris DP, Price RR, Smith MP, Lei B, Schwinn DA: Cellular trafficking of human alpha1a-adrenergic receptors is continuous and primarily agonist-independent. Mol Pharmacol. 2004 Oct;66(4):843-54. Epub 2004 Jul 16. [PubMed:15258254 ]
  4. Sleight AJ, Koek W, Bigg DC: Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):407-10. [PubMed:7691623 ]
  5. Suzuki Y, Kanada A, Okaya Y, Aisaka K: Effect of JTH-601, a novel alpha(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, on prostate function in dogs. Eur J Pharmacol. 2000 Apr 7;394(1):123-30. [PubMed:10771044 ]
  6. Tomiyama Y, Kobayashi K, Tadachi M, Kobayashi S, Inada Y, Kobayashi M, Yamazaki Y: Expressions and mechanical functions of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes in hamster ureter. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Nov 14;573(1-3):201-5. Epub 2007 Jul 6. [PubMed:17658513 ]
  7. Zacharia J, Hillier C, MacDonald A: Alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes involved in vasoconstrictor responses to exogenous and neurally released noradrenaline in rat femoral resistance arteries. Br J Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;141(6):915-24. Epub 2004 Feb 23. [PubMed:14980979 ]
  8. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [PubMed:7855217 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its action by association with G proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol- calcium second messenger system
Gene Name:
ADRA1B
Uniprot ID:
P35368
Molecular weight:
56835.4
References
  1. Al-Damluji S, Shen WB, White S, Barnard EA: alpha(1B) adrenergic receptors in gonadotrophin-releasing hormone neurones: relation to Transport-P. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Jan;132(1):336-44. [PubMed:11156594 ]
  2. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  3. Eltze M: In functional experiments, risperidone is selective, not for the B, but for the A subtype of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1996 Jan 4;295(1):69-73. [PubMed:8925876 ]
  4. Ishiguro M, Futabayashi Y, Ohnuki T, Ahmed M, Muramatsu I, Nagatomo T: Identification of binding sites of prazosin, tamsulosin and KMD-3213 with alpha(1)-adrenergic receptor subtypes by molecular modeling. Life Sci. 2002 Oct 11;71(21):2531-41. [PubMed:12270758 ]
  5. Sharpe IA, Thomas L, Loughnan M, Motin L, Palant E, Croker DE, Alewood D, Chen S, Graham RM, Alewood PF, Adams DJ, Lewis RJ: Allosteric alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonism by the conopeptide rho-TIA. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34451-7. Epub 2003 Jun 24. [PubMed:12824165 ]
  6. Sleight AJ, Koek W, Bigg DC: Binding of antipsychotic drugs at alpha 1A- and alpha 1B-adrenoceptors: risperidone is selective for the alpha 1B-adrenoceptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 1993 Jul 20;238(2-3):407-10. [PubMed:7691623 ]
  7. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [PubMed:7855217 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
This alpha-adrenergic receptor mediates its effect through the influx of extracellular calcium
Gene Name:
ADRA1D
Uniprot ID:
P25100
Molecular weight:
60462.2
References
  1. Nagaoka Y, Ahmed M, Hossain M, Bhuiyan MA, Ishiguro M, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Nagatomo T: Amino acids of the human alpha1d-adrenergic receptor involved in antagonist binding. J Pharmacol Sci. 2008 Jan;106(1):114-20. Epub 2008 Jan 11. [PubMed:18187928 ]
  2. Yamamoto Y, Koike K: alpha(1)-Adrenoceptor subtypes in the mouse mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta. Br J Pharmacol. 2001 Nov;134(5):1045-54. [PubMed:11682453 ]
  3. Cusack B, Nelson A, Richelson E: Binding of antidepressants to human brain receptors: focus on newer generation compounds. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1994 May;114(4):559-65. [PubMed:7855217 ]
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Pore-forming (alpha) subunit of voltage-gated potassium channel. Channel properties may be modulated by cAMP and subunit assembly
Gene Name:
KCNH7
Uniprot ID:
Q9NS40
Molecular weight:
134998.5
References
  1. Thomas D, Wimmer AB, Wu K, Hammerling BC, Ficker EK, Kuryshev YA, Kiehn J, Katus HA, Schoels W, Karle CA: Inhibition of human ether-a-go-go-related gene potassium channels by alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonists prazosin, doxazosin, and terazosin. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 2004 May;369(5):462-72. Epub 2004 Apr 20. [PubMed:15098086 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674 ]
  2. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [PubMed:14985103 ]
  3. Takara K, Sakaeda T, Kakumoto M, Tanigawara Y, Kobayashi H, Okumura K, Ohnishi N, Yokoyama T: Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist doxazosin on MDR1-mediated multidrug resistance and transcellular transport. Oncol Res. 2009;17(11-12):527-33. [PubMed:19806783 ]
  4. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.031302. Epub 2010 Apr 27. [PubMed:20423956 ]
  5. Dey S, Ramachandra M, Pastan I, Gottesman MM, Ambudkar SV: Evidence for two nonidentical drug-interaction sites in the human P-glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1997 Sep 30;94(20):10594-9. [PubMed:9380680 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Dohse M, Scharenberg C, Shukla S, Robey RW, Volkmann T, Deeken JF, Brendel C, Ambudkar SV, Neubauer A, Bates SE: Comparison of ATP-binding cassette transporter interactions with the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib, nilotinib, and dasatinib. Drug Metab Dispos. 2010 Aug;38(8):1371-80. doi: 10.1124/dmd.109.031302. Epub 2010 Apr 27. [PubMed:20423956 ]
  2. Ozvegy C, Litman T, Szakacs G, Nagy Z, Bates S, Varadi A, Sarkadi B: Functional characterization of the human multidrug transporter, ABCG2, expressed in insect cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2001 Jul 6;285(1):111-7. [PubMed:11437380 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Translocates a broad array of organic cations with various structures and molecular weights including the model compounds 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), tetraethylammonium (TEA), N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), 4-(4-(dimethylamino)styryl)- N-methylpyridinium (ASP), the endogenous compounds choline, guanidine, histamine, epinephrine, adrenaline, noradrenaline and dopamine, and the drugs quinine, and metformin. The transport of organic cations is inhibited by a broad array of compounds like tetramethylammonium (TMA), cocaine, lidocaine, NMDA receptor antagonists, atropine, prazosin, cimetidine, TEA and NMN, guanidine, cimetidine, choline, procainamide, quinine, tetrabutylammonium, and tetrapentylammonium. Translocates organic cations in an electrogenic and pH-independent manner. Translocates organic cations across the plasma membrane in both directions. Transports the polyamines spermine and spermidine. Transports pramipexole across the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubular epithelial cells. The choline transport is activated by MMTS. Regulated by various intracellular signaling pathways including inhibition by protein kinase A activation, and endogenously activation by the calmodulin complex, the calmodulin- dependent kinase II and LCK tyrosine kinase
Gene Name:
SLC22A1
Uniprot ID:
O15245
Molecular weight:
61187.4
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates tubular uptake of organic compounds from circulation. Mediates the influx of agmatine, dopamine, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), serotonin, choline, famotidine, ranitidine, histamin, creatinine, amantadine, memantine, acriflavine, 4-[4-(dimethylamino)-styryl]-N-methylpyridinium ASP, amiloride, metformin, N-1-methylnicotinamide (NMN), tetraethylammonium (TEA), 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP), cimetidine, cisplatin and oxaliplatin. Cisplatin may develop a nephrotoxic action. Transport of creatinine is inhibited by fluoroquinolones such as DX-619 and LVFX. This transporter is a major determinant of the anticancer activity of oxaliplatin and may contribute to antitumor specificity
Gene Name:
SLC22A2
Uniprot ID:
O15244
Molecular weight:
62564.0
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]
  2. Pan G, Winter TN, Roberts JC, Fairbanks CA, Elmquist WF: Organic cation uptake is enhanced in bcrp1-transfected MDCKII cells. Mol Pharm. 2010 Feb 1;7(1):138-45. doi: 10.1021/mp900177r. [PubMed:19886673 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Molecular weight:
61279.5
References
  1. Hayer-Zillgen M, Bruss M, Bonisch H: Expression and pharmacological profile of the human organic cation transporters hOCT1, hOCT2 and hOCT3. Br J Pharmacol. 2002 Jul;136(6):829-36. [PubMed:12110607 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 12 proteins in total.