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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:49 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015002
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15002
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTacrolimus
DescriptionTacrolimus (also FK-506 or Fujimycin) is an immunosuppressive drug whose main use is after organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so the risk of organ rejection. It is also used in a topical preparation in the treatment of severe atopic dermatitis, severe refractory uveitis after bone marrow transplants, and the skin condition vitiligo. It was discovered in 1984 from the fermentation broth of a Japanese soil sample that contained the bacteria Streptomyces tsukubaensis. Tacrolimus is chemically known as a macrolide. It reduces peptidyl-prolyl isomerase activity by binding to the immunophilin FKBP-12 (FK506 binding protein) creating a new complex. This FKBP12-FK506 complex interacts with and inhibits calcineurin thus inhibiting both T-lymphocyte signal transduction and IL-2 transcription.
Structure
Data?1582753246
Synonyms
ValueSource
Anhydrous, tacrolimusHMDB
Anhydrous tacrolimusHMDB
PrografHMDB
Tacrolimus anhydrousHMDB
Tacrolimus, anhydrousHMDB
Fujisawa brand OF tacrolimusHMDB
PrograftHMDB
Cilag brand OF tacrolimusHMDB
Janssen brand OF tacrolimusHMDB
Chemical FormulaC44H69NO12
Average Molecular Weight804.0182
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight803.481976677
IUPAC Name(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(1E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.0^{4,9}]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
Traditional Name(1R,9S,12S,13R,14S,17R,18Z,21S,23S,24R,25S,27R)-1,14-dihydroxy-12-[(1E)-1-[(1R,3R,4R)-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycyclohexyl]prop-1-en-2-yl]-23,25-dimethoxy-13,19,21,27-tetramethyl-17-(prop-2-en-1-yl)-11,28-dioxa-4-azatricyclo[22.3.1.0^{4,9}]octacos-18-ene-2,3,10,16-tetrone
CAS Registry Number104987-11-3
SMILES
[H]\C(=C(\C)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)[C@]2([H])CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@]2(O)O[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C[C@@]2([H])C)OC)[C@]([H])(C[C@@]([H])(C)C\C(C)=C([H])/[C@@]([H])(CC=C)C(=O)C[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])C)OC)[C@]1([H])CC[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(C1)OC
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C44H69NO12/c1-10-13-31-19-25(2)18-26(3)20-37(54-8)40-38(55-9)22-28(5)44(52,57-40)41(49)42(50)45-17-12-11-14-32(45)43(51)56-39(29(6)34(47)24-35(31)48)27(4)21-30-15-16-33(46)36(23-30)53-7/h10,19,21,26,28-34,36-40,46-47,52H,1,11-18,20,22-24H2,2-9H3/b25-19-,27-21+/t26-,28+,29+,30-,31+,32-,33+,34-,36+,37-,38-,39+,40+,44+/m0/s1
InChI KeyQJJXYPPXXYFBGM-LJIGMGMYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as macrolide lactams. These are cyclic polyketides containing both a cyclic amide and a cyclic ester group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassPhenylpropanoids and polyketides
ClassMacrolide lactams
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentMacrolide lactams
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Macrolide lactam
  • Alpha-amino acid ester
  • Macrolide
  • Alpha-amino acid or derivatives
  • Cyclohexanol
  • Oxane
  • Piperidine
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Hemiacetal
  • Ketone
  • Lactam
  • Lactone
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Oxacycle
  • Dialkyl ether
  • Ether
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Aliphatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point126 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.004 g/LNot Available
LogP3.3Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.004 g/LALOGPS
logP3.19ALOGPS
logP5.59ChemAxon
logS-5.3ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.96ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-2.9ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count11ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area178.36 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count7ChemAxon
Refractivity215.62 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability88.14 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+267.34830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-265.62530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-299.65830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+273.67130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+272.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+271.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+272.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+272.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-259.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-266.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-273.632859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Tacrolimus[H]\C(=C(\C)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)[C@]2([H])CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@]2(O)O[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C[C@@]2([H])C)OC)[C@]([H])(C[C@@]([H])(C)C\C(C)=C([H])/[C@@]([H])(CC=C)C(=O)C[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])C)OC)[C@]1([H])CC[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(C1)OC4653.7Standard polar33892256
Tacrolimus[H]\C(=C(\C)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)[C@]2([H])CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@]2(O)O[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C[C@@]2([H])C)OC)[C@]([H])(C[C@@]([H])(C)C\C(C)=C([H])/[C@@]([H])(CC=C)C(=O)C[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])C)OC)[C@]1([H])CC[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(C1)OC4743.9Standard non polar33892256
Tacrolimus[H]\C(=C(\C)[C@@]1([H])OC(=O)[C@]2([H])CCCCN2C(=O)C(=O)[C@]2(O)O[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])(C[C@@]2([H])C)OC)[C@]([H])(C[C@@]([H])(C)C\C(C)=C([H])/[C@@]([H])(CC=C)C(=O)C[C@]([H])(O)[C@@]1([H])C)OC)[C@]1([H])CC[C@@]([H])(O)[C@@]([H])(C1)OC5384.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-19Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-19Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-19Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-19Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-19Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus Linear Ion Trap , negative-QTOFsplash10-0gvo-0000192300-507c8bb18631e452a4842017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-066r-0000119030-65296f545a06c11d017b2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus Linear Ion Trap , positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0000009120-d1952a63d681e01b0eec2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0gb9-0973261100-2ee28926fa74ad5bfbf72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0225271390-6837305c39f6b65c92fa2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0220030290-ceafe80295758dda73b42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f79-0200001930-3416d86dc0d61354fd202017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014u-1400003900-1705b8ca1b5858186d962017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00rf-5200008900-20683c9798305f220c922017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000000490-b536a515071aa91b3d992017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0uei-0000000920-face0da2f9f0fced4ae72017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4r-3000001900-75ecdc7e12ec9d9989cc2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0100000950-1c5a13554e5f7c0cb19d2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udj-0000000910-da1939239c06f39a19e52021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-6100001900-2b571619b8d121a404702021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000000490-edb714c334df2df2491b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000001940-b4cff31e71a4daf5e13f2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Tacrolimus 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0nmi-2000009410-12aa8c80b0c1ed3b8a6b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00864 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00864 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB011098
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider IDNot Available
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTacrolimus
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound6473866
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI IDNot Available
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Liu J, Farmer JD Jr, Lane WS, Friedman J, Weissman I, Schreiber SL: Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes. Cell. 1991 Aug 23;66(4):807-15. [PubMed:1715244 ]
  2. Kino T, Hatanaka H, Hashimoto M, Nishiyama M, Goto T, Okuhara M, Kohsaka M, Aoki H, Imanaka H: FK-506, a novel immunosuppressant isolated from a Streptomyces. I. Fermentation, isolation, and physico-chemical and biological characteristics. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1987 Sep;40(9):1249-55. [PubMed:2445721 ]
  3. Pritchard DI: Sourcing a chemical succession for cyclosporin from parasites and human pathogens. Drug Discov Today. 2005 May 15;10(10):688-91. [PubMed:15896681 ]
  4. Hanifin JM, Paller AS, Eichenfield L, Clark RA, Korman N, Weinstein G, Caro I, Jaracz E, Rico MJ: Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus ointment treatment for up to 4 years in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Aug;53(2 Suppl 2):S186-94. [PubMed:16021174 ]
  5. Fukatsu S, Fukudo M, Masuda S, Yano I, Katsura T, Ogura Y, Oike F, Takada Y, Inui K: Delayed effect of grapefruit juice on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tacrolimus in a living-donor liver transplant recipient. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet. 2006 Apr;21(2):122-5. [PubMed:16702731 ]
  6. (). FDA label . .

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
  2. Ekins S, Bravi G, Wikel JH, Wrighton SA: Three-dimensional-quantitative structure activity relationship analysis of cytochrome P-450 3A4 substrates. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Oct;291(1):424-33. [PubMed:10490933 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A7
Uniprot ID:
P24462
Molecular weight:
57525.03
General function:
Involved in protein folding
Specific function:
May play a role in modulation of ryanodine receptor isoform-1 (RYR-1), a component of the calcium release channel of skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum. There are four molecules of FKBP12 per skeletal muscle RYR. PPIases accelerate the folding of proteins. It catalyzes the cis-trans isomerization of proline imidic peptide bonds in oligopeptides
Gene Name:
FKBP1A
Uniprot ID:
P62942
Molecular weight:
11950.7
References
  1. Labrande C, Velly L, Canolle B, Guillet B, Masmejean F, Nieoullon A, Pisano P: Neuroprotective effects of tacrolimus (FK506) in a model of ischemic cortical cell cultures: role of glutamate uptake and FK506 binding protein 12 kDa. Neuroscience. 2006;137(1):231-9. Epub 2005 Nov 10. [PubMed:16289353 ]
  2. Masri M, Rizk S, Barbari A, Stephan A, Kamel G, Rost M: An assay for the determination of sirolimus levels in the lymphocyte of transplant patients. Transplant Proc. 2007 May;39(4):1204-6. [PubMed:17524933 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Schuetz EG, Beck WT, Schuetz JD: Modulators and substrates of P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P4503A coordinately up-regulate these proteins in human colon carcinoma cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1996 Feb;49(2):311-8. [PubMed:8632764 ]
  2. Saeki T, Ueda K, Tanigawara Y, Hori R, Komano T: Human P-glycoprotein transports cyclosporin A and FK506. J Biol Chem. 1993 Mar 25;268(9):6077-80. [PubMed:7681059 ]
  3. Wandel C, Kim RB, Kajiji S, Guengerich P, Wilkinson GR, Wood AJ: P-glycoprotein and cytochrome P-450 3A inhibition: dissociation of inhibitory potencies. Cancer Res. 1999 Aug 15;59(16):3944-8. [PubMed:10463589 ]
  4. Hashida T, Masuda S, Uemoto S, Saito H, Tanaka K, Inui K: Pharmacokinetic and prognostic significance of intestinal MDR1 expression in recipients of living-donor liver transplantation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2001 May;69(5):308-16. [PubMed:11371998 ]
  5. Collett A, Tanianis-Hughes J, Hallifax D, Warhurst G: Predicting P-glycoprotein effects on oral absorption: correlation of transport in Caco-2 with drug pharmacokinetics in wild-type and mdr1a(-/-) mice in vivo. Pharm Res. 2004 May;21(5):819-26. [PubMed:15180340 ]
  6. Quezada CA, Garrido WX, Gonzalez-Oyarzun MA, Rauch MC, Salas MR, San Martin RE, Claude AA, Yanez AJ, Slebe JC, Carcamo JG: Effect of tacrolimus on activity and expression of P-glycoprotein and ATP-binding cassette transporter A5 (ABCA5) proteins in hematoencephalic barrier cells. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Oct;31(10):1911-6. [PubMed:18827354 ]