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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:54 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015201
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15201
Metabolite Identification
Common NameClonazepam
DescriptionClonazepam, also known as klonopin or rivotril, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine. It is used in the treatment of all types of epilepsy and seizures, as well as myoclonus and associated abnormal movements, and panic disorders. Clonazepam is a moderately basic compound (based on its pKa). Clonazepam is a potentially toxic compound. 1,3-Dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one in which the hydrogens at positions 5 and 7 are substituted by 2-chlorophenyl and nitro groups, respectively. However, its use can be limited by the development of tolerance and by sedation.
Structure
Data?1582753270
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,3-Dihydro-7-nitro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-2H-1,4.benzodiazepin-2-oneChEBI
5-(2-Chloro-phenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2-oneChEBI
5-(2-Chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-2(3H)-oneChEBI
5-(O-Chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-1,3-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-oneChEBI
ClonazepamumChEBI
KlonopinKegg
Clonazepam fine granulesHMDB
Clonazepam tabletsHMDB
ChlonazepamHMDB
RivotrilHMDB
AntelepsinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H10ClN3O3
Average Molecular Weight315.711
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight315.041068908
IUPAC Name5-(2-chlorophenyl)-7-nitro-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one
Traditional Nameclonazepam
CAS Registry Number1622-61-3
SMILES
[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(=O)CN=C2C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H10ClN3O3/c16-12-4-2-1-3-10(12)15-11-7-9(19(21)22)5-6-13(11)18-14(20)8-17-15/h1-7H,8H2,(H,18,20)
InChI KeyDGBIGWXXNGSACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as 1,4-benzodiazepines. These are organic compounds containing a benzene ring fused to a 1,4-azepine.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzodiazepines
Sub Class1,4-benzodiazepines
Direct Parent1,4-benzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • 1,4-benzodiazepine
  • Nitroaromatic compound
  • Chlorobenzene
  • Halobenzene
  • Aryl chloride
  • Aryl halide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Benzenoid
  • Cyclic carboximidic acid
  • Ketimine
  • C-nitro compound
  • Organic nitro compound
  • Allyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Azacycle
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organic oxoazanium
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Imine
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic zwitterion
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point236.5 - 238.5 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.011 g/LNot Available
LogP2.7Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM168.230932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.011 g/LALOGPS
logP2.76ALOGPS
logP3.15ChemAxon
logS-4.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.89ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)1.86ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area87.28 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity84.02 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability29.59 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+165.04830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-162.6930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-196.36930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+171.59630932474
AllCCS[M+H]+168.032859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+164.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+171.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+172.332859911
AllCCS[M-H]-166.532859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-165.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-164.732859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Clonazepam[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(=O)CN=C2C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C=C14299.0Standard polar33892256
Clonazepam[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(=O)CN=C2C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C=C12867.9Standard non polar33892256
Clonazepam[O-][N+](=O)C1=CC2=C(NC(=O)CN=C2C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C=C12851.2Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Clonazepam,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C212692.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonazepam,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C212717.8Standard non polar33892256
Clonazepam,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C213980.3Standard polar33892256
Clonazepam,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C212926.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Clonazepam,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C212901.6Standard non polar33892256
Clonazepam,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)N1C(=O)CN=C(C2=CC=CC=C2Cl)C2=CC([N+](=O)[O-])=CC=C213999.5Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Clonazepam GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-02br-1190000000-1354614c337562e212cc2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Clonazepam GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Clonazepam GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
MSMass Spectrum (Electron Ionization)splash10-02a9-2492000000-109e2626e8a128b9e4332014-09-20Not AvailableView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0009000000-f625038036279ea1ad022016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0049000000-4dfcaef6e6f274ea9b0a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a59-8911000000-fe9a4a8a76c224b6cb902016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-cd9167e21ef0d5b8f8882016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0009000000-f28067a73f446175adef2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Clonazepam 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-ab88c27eceb0f144d9c22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01068 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01068 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01068
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2700
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkClonazepam
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2802
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID3756
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Earley JV, Fryer RI, Ning RY: Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. LXXXIX: Haptens useful in benzodiazepine immunoassay development. J Pharm Sci. 1979 Jul;68(7):845-50. [PubMed:458601 ]
  2. Dreifuss FE, Penry JK, Rose SW, Kupferberg HJ, Dyken P, Sato S: Serum clonazepam concentrations in children with absence seizures. Neurology. 1975 Mar;25(3):255-8. [PubMed:1089913 ]
  3. Rosen GM, Turner MJ 3rd: Synthesis of spin traps specific for hydroxyl radical. J Med Chem. 1988 Feb;31(2):428-32. [PubMed:2828624 ]
  4. Rosen GM, Demos HA, Rauckman EJ: Not all aromatic nitro compounds form free radicals. Toxicol Lett. 1984 Aug;22(2):145-52. [PubMed:6089382 ]
  5. Robertson MD, Drummer OH: Postmortem drug metabolism by bacteria. J Forensic Sci. 1995 May;40(3):382-6. [PubMed:7782744 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 20 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRG2
Uniprot ID:
P18507
Molecular weight:
54161.8
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Signal transduction mechanisms
Specific function:
Responsible for the manifestation of peripheral-type benzodiazepine recognition sites and is most likely to comprise binding domains for benzodiazepines and isoquinoline carboxamides. May play a role in the transport of porphyrins and heme. Plays a role in the transport of cholesterol across mitochondrial membranes in steroidogenic cells
Gene Name:
TSPO
Uniprot ID:
P30536
Molecular weight:
18778.7
References
  1. Carmel I, Fares FA, Leschiner S, Scherubl H, Weisinger G, Gavish M: Peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors in the regulation of proliferation of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cell line. Biochem Pharmacol. 1999 Jul 15;58(2):273-8. [PubMed:10423168 ]
  2. Bono F, Lamarche I, Prabonnaud V, Le Fur G, Herbert JM: Peripheral benzodiazepine receptor agonists exhibit potent antiapoptotic activities. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Nov 19;265(2):457-61. [PubMed:10558889 ]
  3. Bolger GT, Abraham S, Oz N, Weissman BA: Interactions between peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptor ligands and an activator of voltage-operated calcium channels. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 1990 Jan;68(1):40-5. [PubMed:1691678 ]
  4. Marano G, Massotti M, Spagnolo A, Carpi A: Enhancement of pharmacologically induced bronchoconstriction by Ro 5-4864. Eur J Pharmacol. 1990 Apr 10;179(1-2):237-40. [PubMed:2364987 ]
  5. Awad M, Gavish M: Solubilization of peripheral-type benzodiazepine binding sites from cat cerebral cortex. J Neurochem. 1989 Jun;52(6):1880-5. [PubMed:2723642 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA1
Uniprot ID:
P14867
Molecular weight:
51801.4
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA2
Uniprot ID:
P47869
Molecular weight:
51325.9
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA3
Uniprot ID:
P34903
Molecular weight:
55164.1
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA4
Uniprot ID:
P48169
Molecular weight:
61622.6
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA5
Uniprot ID:
P31644
Molecular weight:
52145.6
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRB1
Uniprot ID:
P18505
Molecular weight:
54234.1
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRB2
Uniprot ID:
P47870
Molecular weight:
59149.9
References
  1. Mohler H, Fritschy JM, Rudolph U: A new benzodiazepine pharmacology. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Jan;300(1):2-8. [PubMed:11752090 ]
  2. Riss J, Cloyd J, Gates J, Collins S: Benzodiazepines in epilepsy: pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Acta Neurol Scand. 2008 Aug;118(2):69-86. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2008.01004.x. Epub 2008 Mar 31. [PubMed:18384456 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 20 proteins in total.