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Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:57 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015336
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15336
Metabolite Identification
Common NameFlumazenil
DescriptionFlumazenil is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug.Flumazenil, an imidazobenzodiazepine derivative, antagonizes the actions of benzodiazepines on the central nervous system. Flumazenil competitively inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor complex, thereby reversing the effects of benzodiazepine on the central nervous system. Flumazenil is a weak partial agonist in some animal models of activity, but has little or no agonist activity in man.
Structure
Data?1582753285
Synonyms
ValueSource
AnexateChEBI
FlumazeniloChEBI
FlumazenilumChEBI
LanexatChEBI
RomaziconKegg
Anexic acidGenerator
Hoffman-la roche brand OF flumazenilHMDB
FlumazepilHMDB
Roche brand OF flumazenilHMDB
Hoffman la roche brand OF flumazenilHMDB
Chemical FormulaC15H14FN3O3
Average Molecular Weight303.2884
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight303.101919534
IUPAC Nameethyl 12-fluoro-8-methyl-9-oxo-2,4,8-triazatricyclo[8.4.0.0²,⁶]tetradeca-1(10),3,5,11,13-pentaene-5-carboxylate
Traditional Nameflumazenil
CAS Registry Number78755-81-4
SMILES
CCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(F)=C3)N2C=N1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C15H14FN3O3/c1-3-22-15(21)13-12-7-18(2)14(20)10-6-9(16)4-5-11(10)19(12)8-17-13/h4-6,8H,3,7H2,1-2H3
InChI KeyOFBIFZUFASYYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines. Imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines are compounds containing an imidazole ring and a 1,4-benzodiazepine ring system, both sharing one nitrogen atom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassBenzodiazepines
Sub Class1,4-benzodiazepines
Direct ParentImidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepine
  • Para-diazepine
  • Imidazole-4-carbonyl group
  • Aryl fluoride
  • Aryl halide
  • Benzenoid
  • N-substituted imidazole
  • Azole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Tertiary carboxylic acid amide
  • Imidazole
  • Carboxamide group
  • Carboxylic acid ester
  • Lactam
  • Azacycle
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organofluoride
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point201 - 203 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility1.04 g/LNot Available
LogP1.9Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M+H]+CBM165.830932474
[M+H]+Not Available165.631http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001062
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1.04 g/LALOGPS
logP1.54ALOGPS
logP0.33ChemAxon
logS-2.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Basic)3.27ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area64.43 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count3ChemAxon
Refractivity87.93 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability29.97 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+178.08130932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-175.72330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-209.37730932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+184.60330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+168.732859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+165.432859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+171.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+172.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-171.232859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-170.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-170.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
FlumazenilCCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(F)=C3)N2C=N13312.2Standard polar33892256
FlumazenilCCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(F)=C3)N2C=N12410.2Standard non polar33892256
FlumazenilCCOC(=O)C1=C2CN(C)C(=O)C3=C(C=CC(F)=C3)N2C=N12506.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flumazenil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-004i-3490000000-d0d0177798f08c7ec17a2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flumazenil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Flumazenil GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0lg0-3890000000-2453b74fd469fb2285892017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil , positive-QTOFsplash10-0kdi-1293000000-7a192ee695af1d78e7bd2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil , positive-QTOFsplash10-0kdi-0193000000-a02a88da5dbc9ae8b8a52017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil , positive-QTOFsplash10-0lg0-3890000000-2453b74fd469fb2285892017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 35V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pxr-0290000000-d4bd11c45454f089d4e92021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0039000000-512256f7d9c74da3dba92016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-2094000000-2d484b39bd1b420cc8212016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-4950000000-0e25df1f3bb12b6672c92016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0zfr-2098000000-b0cd088a5536709840142016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-2092000000-d4159177fc35a792370a2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a71-3790000000-b679dafe637ef02962132016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0029000000-ea5ff0185619f28dfa792021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0pb9-0095000000-53b3b234fff80e66c40a2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-055r-0390000000-e81718d47d5a3874b74b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0019000000-a44687b430e97e86bb722021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pc0-0093000000-3aaa035c9d0947af61262021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Flumazenil 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-08fr-0290000000-06260a3ca1602bf6180f2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01205 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01205 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01205
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID3256
KEGG Compound IDC07825
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkFlumazenil
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound3373
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID5103
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Ngo AS, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R: Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department? Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed:17306436 ]
  2. Olkkola KT, Ahonen J: Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;(182):335-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_16. [PubMed:18175099 ]
  3. Maeda S, Miyawaki T, Higuchi H, Shimada M: Effect of flumazenil on disturbance of equilibrium function induced by midazolam. Anesth Prog. 2008 Fall;55(3):73-7. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.73. [PubMed:18788841 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA1
Uniprot ID:
P14867
Molecular weight:
51801.4
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Clement Y, Le Guisquet AM, Venault P, Chapouthier G, Belzung C: Pharmacological alterations of anxious behaviour in mice depending on both strain and the behavioural situation. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 11;4(11):e7745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007745. [PubMed:19907641 ]
  4. Hosaka K, Jackson D, Pickrell JE, Heima M, Milgrom P: Flumazenil reversal of sublingual triazolam: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 May;140(5):559-66. [PubMed:19411525 ]
  5. Ngo AS, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R: Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department? Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed:17306436 ]
  6. Olkkola KT, Ahonen J: Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;(182):335-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_16. [PubMed:18175099 ]
  7. Maeda S, Miyawaki T, Higuchi H, Shimada M: Effect of flumazenil on disturbance of equilibrium function induced by midazolam. Anesth Prog. 2008 Fall;55(3):73-7. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.73. [PubMed:18788841 ]
  8. Raffa RB, Cavallo F, Capasso A: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 14;564(1-3):88-93. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17368613 ]
  9. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  10. Padgett CL, Lummis SC: The F-loop of the GABA A receptor gamma2 subunit contributes to benzodiazepine modulation. J Biol Chem. 2008 Feb 1;283(5):2702-8. Epub 2007 Oct 31. [PubMed:17974564 ]
  11. Wingrove PB, Safo P, Wheat L, Thompson SA, Wafford KA, Whiting PJ: Mechanism of alpha-subunit selectivity of benzodiazepine pharmacology at gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol. 2002 Feb 15;437(1-2):31-9. [PubMed:11864636 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA2
Uniprot ID:
P47869
Molecular weight:
51325.9
References
  1. Clement Y, Le Guisquet AM, Venault P, Chapouthier G, Belzung C: Pharmacological alterations of anxious behaviour in mice depending on both strain and the behavioural situation. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 11;4(11):e7745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007745. [PubMed:19907641 ]
  2. Hosaka K, Jackson D, Pickrell JE, Heima M, Milgrom P: Flumazenil reversal of sublingual triazolam: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 May;140(5):559-66. [PubMed:19411525 ]
  3. Ngo AS, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R: Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department? Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed:17306436 ]
  4. Olkkola KT, Ahonen J: Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;(182):335-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_16. [PubMed:18175099 ]
  5. Maeda S, Miyawaki T, Higuchi H, Shimada M: Effect of flumazenil on disturbance of equilibrium function induced by midazolam. Anesth Prog. 2008 Fall;55(3):73-7. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.73. [PubMed:18788841 ]
  6. Raffa RB, Cavallo F, Capasso A: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 14;564(1-3):88-93. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17368613 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA3
Uniprot ID:
P34903
Molecular weight:
55164.1
References
  1. Clement Y, Le Guisquet AM, Venault P, Chapouthier G, Belzung C: Pharmacological alterations of anxious behaviour in mice depending on both strain and the behavioural situation. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 11;4(11):e7745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007745. [PubMed:19907641 ]
  2. Hosaka K, Jackson D, Pickrell JE, Heima M, Milgrom P: Flumazenil reversal of sublingual triazolam: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 May;140(5):559-66. [PubMed:19411525 ]
  3. Ngo AS, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R: Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department? Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed:17306436 ]
  4. Olkkola KT, Ahonen J: Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;(182):335-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_16. [PubMed:18175099 ]
  5. Maeda S, Miyawaki T, Higuchi H, Shimada M: Effect of flumazenil on disturbance of equilibrium function induced by midazolam. Anesth Prog. 2008 Fall;55(3):73-7. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.73. [PubMed:18788841 ]
  6. Raffa RB, Cavallo F, Capasso A: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 14;564(1-3):88-93. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17368613 ]
General function:
Involved in ion transport
Specific function:
GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, mediates neuronal inhibition by binding to the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor and opening an integral chloride channel
Gene Name:
GABRA5
Uniprot ID:
P31644
Molecular weight:
52145.6
References
  1. Clement Y, Le Guisquet AM, Venault P, Chapouthier G, Belzung C: Pharmacological alterations of anxious behaviour in mice depending on both strain and the behavioural situation. PLoS One. 2009 Nov 11;4(11):e7745. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007745. [PubMed:19907641 ]
  2. Hosaka K, Jackson D, Pickrell JE, Heima M, Milgrom P: Flumazenil reversal of sublingual triazolam: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2009 May;140(5):559-66. [PubMed:19411525 ]
  3. Ngo AS, Anthony CR, Samuel M, Wong E, Ponampalam R: Should a benzodiazepine antagonist be used in unconscious patients presenting to the emergency department? Resuscitation. 2007 Jul;74(1):27-37. Epub 2007 Feb 15. [PubMed:17306436 ]
  4. Olkkola KT, Ahonen J: Midazolam and other benzodiazepines. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008;(182):335-60. doi: 10.1007/978-3-540-74806-9_16. [PubMed:18175099 ]
  5. Maeda S, Miyawaki T, Higuchi H, Shimada M: Effect of flumazenil on disturbance of equilibrium function induced by midazolam. Anesth Prog. 2008 Fall;55(3):73-7. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-55.3.73. [PubMed:18788841 ]
  6. Raffa RB, Cavallo F, Capasso A: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. Eur J Pharmacol. 2007 Jun 14;564(1-3):88-93. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17368613 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Mahar Doan KM, Humphreys JE, Webster LO, Wring SA, Shampine LJ, Serabjit-Singh CJ, Adkison KK, Polli JW: Passive permeability and P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux differentiate central nervous system (CNS) and non-CNS marketed drugs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002 Dec;303(3):1029-37. [PubMed:12438524 ]