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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:51 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:57 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015341
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15341
Metabolite Identification
Common NameLevobunolol
DescriptionLevobunolol is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonist used in the treatment of glaucoma. [PubChem]Levobunolol's mechanism of action in reducing IOP is not clearly defined, but is believed to be due to a reduction of the production of aqueous humor via blockage of endogenous catecholamine-stimulated increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) concentrations within the ciliary processes.
Structure
Data?1582753286
Synonyms
ValueSource
(-)-BunololChEBI
(S)-5-(3-((1,1-Dimethylethyl)amino)-2-hydroxypropoxy)-3,4-dihydro-1(2H)-naphthalenoneChEBI
LevobunololumChEBI
Akorn brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Allergan brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Apotex brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Novo-levobunololHMDB
UltracortenolHMDB
VistaganHMDB
Ratio levobunololHMDB
Apo-levobunololHMDB
PMS LevobunololHMDB
PMSLevobunololHMDB
Pharm allergan brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Pharmascience brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
AKBetaHMDB
Novopharm brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Pharm-allergan brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Ratiopharm brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Ratio-levobunololHMDB
Apo levobunololHMDB
ApoLevobunololHMDB
BetaganHMDB
Ciba vision brand OF levobunolol hydrochlorideHMDB
Novo levobunololHMDB
NovoLevobunololHMDB
PMS-LevobunololHMDB
Chemical FormulaC17H25NO3
Average Molecular Weight291.3853
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight291.183443671
IUPAC Name5-[(2S)-3-(tert-butylamino)-2-hydroxypropoxy]-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-one
Traditional Nameakβ
CAS Registry Number47141-42-4
SMILES
CC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C17H25NO3/c1-17(2,3)18-10-12(19)11-21-16-9-5-6-13-14(16)7-4-8-15(13)20/h5-6,9,12,18-19H,4,7-8,10-11H2,1-3H3/t12-/m0/s1
InChI KeyIXHBTMCLRNMKHZ-LBPRGKRZSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tetralins. These are polycyclic aromatic compounds containing a tetralin moiety, which consists of a benzene fused to a cyclohexane.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassTetralins
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentTetralins
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Tetralin
  • Aryl alkyl ketone
  • Aryl ketone
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • 1,2-aminoalcohol
  • Ketone
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Secondary aliphatic amine
  • Ether
  • Secondary amine
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Amine
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point209 - 211 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.25 g/LNot Available
LogP2.1Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.25 g/LALOGPS
logP2.06ALOGPS
logP2.18ChemAxon
logS-3.1ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)14.09ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)9.66ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area58.56 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity83.28 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability33.38 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+169.1731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-165.07431661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+168.58530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-166.22730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-199.11330932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+174.67830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+170.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+167.232859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+173.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+173.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-173.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-174.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-174.832859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
LevobunololCC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O2927.0Standard polar33892256
LevobunololCC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O2446.1Standard non polar33892256
LevobunololCC(C)(C)NC[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O2452.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Levobunolol,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2336.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)N(C[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)[Si](C)(C)C2513.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2568.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2694.0Standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2890.1Standard polar33892256
Levobunolol,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)NC[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2565.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)N(C[C@H](O)COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2798.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3054.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3140.8Standard non polar33892256
Levobunolol,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)N(C[C@@H](COC1=CC=CC2=C1CCCC2=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3039.3Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levobunolol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-08gi-9540000000-243680d4a0d98a06ee5e2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levobunolol GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-08mu-9423000000-24d9e3e549ee0f3caefc2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Levobunolol GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-1290000000-a27d598a50efb04fd09e2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9470000000-fade873eb3e9b9280e3f2016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0079-9400000000-9c86007a0342c84063d92016-08-02Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ox-1690000000-01bd12a64aa5a1ac1b0c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-f14eecc41eae40c5ae102016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-3900000000-bd973c4edbfdfc4ff33c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0006-0090000000-528baf592ca874e0be732021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-022l-3490000000-47baa556e9ab27cc0b6b2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9400000000-0bc68579194e5bf276512021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-0290000000-23bba37d597734cfc7912021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03dl-1910000000-29bcb195f7a66d163c962021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Levobunolol 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01oy-0900000000-698fee7bcd270c336dab2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01210 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01210 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01210
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID36089
KEGG Compound IDC07914
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkLevobunolol
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound39468
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID6438
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Lesar TS: Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jun;6(6):451-63. [PubMed:2891463 ]
  2. Gonzalez JP, Clissold SP: Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1987 Dec;34(6):648-61. [PubMed:2892662 ]
  3. Novack GD: Levobunolol for the long-term treatment of glaucoma. Gen Pharmacol. 1986;17(4):373-7. [PubMed:3019819 ]
  4. Leung M, Grunwald JE: Short-term effects of topical levobunolol on the human retinal circulation. Eye (Lond). 1997;11 ( Pt 3):371-6. [PubMed:9373479 ]
  5. Ogasawara H, Yoshida A, Fujio N, Konno S, Ishiko S: [Effect of topical levobunolol on retinal, optic nerve head, and choroidal circulation in normal volunteers]. Nippon Ganka Gakkai Zasshi. 1999 Jul;103(7):544-50. [PubMed:10443129 ]
  6. Ishibashi T, Yokoi N, Kinoshita S: Comparison of the effects of topical levobunolol and timolol solution on the human ocular surface. Cornea. 2003 Nov;22(8):709-15. [PubMed:14576520 ]
  7. Dong Y, Ishikawa H, Wu Y, Yoshitomi T: Vasodilatory mechanism of levobunolol on vascular smooth muscle cells. Exp Eye Res. 2007 Jun;84(6):1039-46. Epub 2007 Jan 27. [PubMed:17459374 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. This receptor binds epinephrine and norepinephrine with approximately equal affinity
Gene Name:
ADRB1
Uniprot ID:
P08588
Molecular weight:
51322.1
References
  1. Lesar TS: Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jun;6(6):451-63. [PubMed:2891463 ]
  2. Harris A, Malinovsky V, Martin B: Correlates of acute exercise-induced ocular hypotension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Oct;35(11):3852-7. [PubMed:7928182 ]
  3. Chidlow G, Melena J, Osborne NN: Betaxolol, a beta(1)-adrenoceptor antagonist, reduces Na(+) influx into cortical synaptosomes by direct interaction with Na(+) channels: comparison with other beta-adrenoceptor antagonists. Br J Pharmacol. 2000 Jun;130(4):759-66. [PubMed:10864881 ]
  4. Sharif NA, Xu SX, Crider JY, McLaughlin M, Davis TL: Levobetaxolol (Betaxon) and other beta-adrenergic antagonists: preclinical pharmacology, IOP-lowering activity and sites of action in human eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Aug;17(4):305-17. [PubMed:11572462 ]
  5. Brooks AM, Gillies WE: Ocular beta-blockers in glaucoma management. Clinical pharmacological aspects. Drugs Aging. 1992 May-Jun;2(3):208-21. [PubMed:1351412 ]
  6. Gonzalez JP, Clissold SP: Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1987 Dec;34(6):648-61. [PubMed:2892662 ]
General function:
Involved in G-protein coupled receptor protein signaling pathway
Specific function:
Beta-adrenergic receptors mediate the catecholamine- induced activation of adenylate cyclase through the action of G proteins. The beta-2-adrenergic receptor binds epinephrine with an approximately 30-fold greater affinity than it does norepinephrine
Gene Name:
ADRB2
Uniprot ID:
P07550
Molecular weight:
46458.3
References
  1. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]
  2. Quast U, Vollmer KO: Binding of beta-adrenoceptor antagonists to rat and rabbit lung: special reference to levobunolol. Arzneimittelforschung. 1984;34(5):579-84. [PubMed:6147147 ]
  3. Sharif NA, Xu SX, Crider JY, McLaughlin M, Davis TL: Levobetaxolol (Betaxon) and other beta-adrenergic antagonists: preclinical pharmacology, IOP-lowering activity and sites of action in human eyes. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther. 2001 Aug;17(4):305-17. [PubMed:11572462 ]
  4. Harris A, Malinovsky V, Martin B: Correlates of acute exercise-induced ocular hypotension. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1994 Oct;35(11):3852-7. [PubMed:7928182 ]
  5. Brooks AM, Gillies WE: Ocular beta-blockers in glaucoma management. Clinical pharmacological aspects. Drugs Aging. 1992 May-Jun;2(3):208-21. [PubMed:1351412 ]
  6. Gonzalez JP, Clissold SP: Ocular levobunolol. A review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic efficacy. Drugs. 1987 Dec;34(6):648-61. [PubMed:2892662 ]
  7. Lesar TS: Comparison of ophthalmic beta-blocking agents. Clin Pharm. 1987 Jun;6(6):451-63. [PubMed:2891463 ]