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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:02 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015587
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15587
Metabolite Identification
Common NameCyproterone
DescriptionCyproterone, also known as ciproterona or novo-cyproterone, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety. Cyproterone is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
Structure
Data?1582753313
Synonyms
ValueSource
6-Chlor-delta(6)-1,2-alpha-methylen-17-alpha-hydroxyprogesteronChEBI
Apo-cyproteroneChEBI
CiproteronaChEBI
CiproteroneChEBI
CyproteronumChEBI
Novo-cyproteroneChEBI
Ciproterona servycalKegg
6-Chlor-delta(6)-1,2-a-methylen-17-a-hydroxyprogesteronGenerator
6-Chlor-δ(6)-1,2-α-methylen-17-α-hydroxyprogesteronGenerator
6-Chlor-δ(6)-1,2-a-methylen-17-a-hydroxyprogesteronHMDB
Cyproterone acetateHMDB
Cyproterone, 1alpha,2 alpha,9 beta,10 alpha-isomerHMDB
Chemical FormulaC22H27ClO3
Average Molecular Weight374.901
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight374.164872437
IUPAC Name(1S,2S,3S,5R,11R,12S,15R,16S)-15-acetyl-9-chloro-15-hydroxy-2,16-dimethylpentacyclo[9.7.0.0²,⁸.0³,⁵.0¹²,¹⁶]octadeca-7,9-dien-6-one
Traditional Namecyproterone
CAS Registry Number2098-66-0
SMILES
[H][C@@]12C[C@]1([H])[C@@]1(C)C(=CC2=O)C(Cl)=C[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@](O)(C(C)=O)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@]12[H]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C22H27ClO3/c1-11(24)22(26)7-5-14-12-9-18(23)17-10-19(25)13-8-16(13)21(17,3)15(12)4-6-20(14,22)2/h9-10,12-16,26H,4-8H2,1-3H3/t12-,13+,14-,15-,16-,20-,21-,22-/m0/s1
InChI KeyDUSHUSLJJMDGTE-ZJPMUUANSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as gluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives. These are steroids with a structure based on a hydroxylated prostane moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassLipids and lipid-like molecules
ClassSteroids and steroid derivatives
Sub ClassPregnane steroids
Direct ParentGluco/mineralocorticoids, progestogins and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Progestogin-skeleton
  • 20-oxosteroid
  • 3-oxosteroid
  • 6-halo-steroid
  • Halo-steroid
  • Hydroxysteroid
  • Oxosteroid
  • 17-hydroxysteroid
  • Cyclohexenone
  • Cyclic alcohol
  • Alpha-hydroxy ketone
  • Tertiary alcohol
  • Ketone
  • Vinyl halide
  • Vinyl chloride
  • Haloalkene
  • Chloroalkene
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organochloride
  • Organohalogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Alcohol
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Aliphatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.0066 g/LNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.0066 g/LALOGPS
logP3.37ALOGPS
logP3.2ChemAxon
logS-4.8ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)12.7ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.8ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count3ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area54.37 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity102.66 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.67 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings5ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-223.08530932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+197.32130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+188.132859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+185.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+190.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+191.132859911
AllCCS[M-H]-195.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-196.032859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-196.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Cyproterone[H][C@@]12C[C@]1([H])[C@@]1(C)C(=CC2=O)C(Cl)=C[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@](O)(C(C)=O)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@]12[H]4065.1Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone[H][C@@]12C[C@]1([H])[C@@]1(C)C(=CC2=O)C(Cl)=C[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@](O)(C(C)=O)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@]12[H]2902.7Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone[H][C@@]12C[C@]1([H])[C@@]1(C)C(=CC2=O)C(Cl)=C[C@@]2([H])[C@]3([H])CC[C@](O)(C(C)=O)[C@@]3(C)CC[C@]12[H]3328.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Cyproterone,1TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3182.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,1TMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3181.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,1TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3076.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3147.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3118.7Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3406.2Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3078.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3062.4Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3498.1Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3021.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3065.7Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3545.0Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3027.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3121.9Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3470.0Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3448.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(=O)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3420.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,1TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3328.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3634.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3593.2Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(=O)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3619.4Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3591.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3544.8Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #2C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(=O)[C@@H]5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3690.4Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3493.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3517.1Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,2TBDMS,isomer #3C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3757.5Standard polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3732.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3730.5Standard non polar33892256
Cyproterone,3TBDMS,isomer #1C=C(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC[C@H]2[C@@H]3C=C(Cl)C4=CC(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C5C[C@@H]5[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@@]21C3716.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cyproterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0006-8169000000-e02863f674ce9b2cd8af2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cyproterone GC-MS (1 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-000x-8206900000-f9ad399212ec8f93d7a62017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cyproterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Cyproterone GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0009000000-5c9997dd704debdab5ca2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0009000000-e47fd3a55c3a12221dd52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01t9-0791000000-039d99fb2a68dd3679cd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0597000000-a25d388400f2d217a3fd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00dj-0009000000-537af4c0d2592f4389fd2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-bb0aa272579ae3c1410f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01sl-0960000000-1c9079a8f9c4255701142021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01sl-0960000000-cfffb9275cd265ceda382021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0009000000-def96e1d98e700f1f8e52021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0497000000-0fc287e4bba295d3133f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01t9-0791000000-3adc56165c0ed068e6d42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-004i-0009000000-db09659a5c3f6e2f3fe22016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0570-0149000000-c48ae0dca71891c801fe2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ku-5190000000-499aae6f81444f0a43b82016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-e97a51829845bb3ec8ba2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00e9-0009000000-f19f24879c0b4fb2bfb42016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0aos-0159000000-749c9046181d23da6e9e2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-056r-0009000000-473b61a34f936d1e65972021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0550-0149000000-d743c7bd774552b0fafd2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0080-5291000000-e21e7e39ebcfd99de9372021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-3fb88b233fdbbb8c98382021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-5a882a4f198cfad8fba92021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cyproterone 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00ai-3009000000-e1e5a78c72aa7b9a95042021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB04839 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB04839 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4447594
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkCyproterone
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5284537
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID50742
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Stadtler FA, Langner V: The effect of cyproterone and gonadotrophins on the adrenal gland of juvenile and adult rats. A morphological and morphometrical study. Pathol Res Pract. 1985 Mar;179(4-5):493-8. [PubMed:4001026 ]
  2. Giorgi EP, Shirley IM, Grant JK, Stewart JC: Androgen dynamics in vitro in the human prostate gland. Effect of cyproterone and cyproterone acetate. Biochem J. 1973 Mar;132(3):465-74. [PubMed:4125095 ]
  3. Holdaway IM, Croxson MS, Evans MC, France J, Sheehan A, Wilson T, Ibbertson HK: Effect of cyproterone acetate on glucocorticoid secretion in patients treated for hirsutism. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1983 Oct;104(2):222-6. [PubMed:6227191 ]
  4. Pham-Huu-Trung MT, de Smitter N, Bogyo A, Girard F: Effects of cyproterone acetate on adrenal steroidogenesis in vitro. Horm Res. 1984;20(2):108-15. [PubMed:6237971 ]
  5. Honer C, Nam K, Fink C, Marshall P, Ksander G, Chatelain RE, Cornell W, Steele R, Schweitzer R, Schumacher C: Glucocorticoid receptor antagonism by cyproterone acetate and RU486. Mol Pharmacol. 2003 May;63(5):1012-20. [PubMed:12695529 ]
  6. Simons K, Toomre D: Lipid rafts and signal transduction. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Oct;1(1):31-9. [PubMed:11413487 ]
  7. Watson AD: Thematic review series: systems biology approaches to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Lipidomics: a global approach to lipid analysis in biological systems. J Lipid Res. 2006 Oct;47(10):2101-11. Epub 2006 Aug 10. [PubMed:16902246 ]
  8. Sethi JK, Vidal-Puig AJ: Thematic review series: adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue function and plasticity orchestrate nutritional adaptation. J Lipid Res. 2007 Jun;48(6):1253-62. Epub 2007 Mar 20. [PubMed:17374880 ]
  9. Lingwood D, Simons K: Lipid rafts as a membrane-organizing principle. Science. 2010 Jan 1;327(5961):46-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1174621. [PubMed:20044567 ]
  10. Gunstone, Frank D., John L. Harwood, and Albert J. Dijkstra (2007). The lipid handbook with CD-ROM. CRC Press.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the formation of aromatic C18 estrogens from C19 androgens.
Gene Name:
CYP19A1
Uniprot ID:
P11511
Molecular weight:
57882.48
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in DNA binding
Specific function:
Steroid hormone receptors are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and affect cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Transcription factor activity is modulated by bound coactivator and corepressor proteins. Transcription activation is down-regulated by NR0B2. Activated, but not phosphorylated, by HIPK3
Gene Name:
AR
Uniprot ID:
P10275
Molecular weight:
98987.9
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Agoulnik IU, Weigel NL: Coactivator selective regulation of androgen receptor activity. Steroids. 2009 Aug;74(8):669-74. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2009.02.007. Epub 2009 Mar 9. [PubMed:19463689 ]
  4. Cabeza M, Flores M, Bratoeff E, de la Pena A, Mendez E, Ceballos G: Intracellular Ca2+ stimulates the binding to androgen receptors in platelets. Steroids. 2004 Oct-Nov;69(11-12):767-72. [PubMed:15579329 ]
  5. Sonneveld E, Jansen HJ, Riteco JA, Brouwer A, van der Burg B: Development of androgen- and estrogen-responsive bioassays, members of a panel of human cell line-based highly selective steroid-responsive bioassays. Toxicol Sci. 2005 Jan;83(1):136-48. Epub 2004 Oct 13. [PubMed:15483189 ]