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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for D-Ribose (HMDB00283)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:57:49
Accession Number HMDB00283
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name D-Ribose
Description D-ribose is commonly referred to simply as ribose, a five-carbon sugar found in all living cells. Ribose is not an essential nutrient because it can be synthesized by almost every tissue in the body from other substances, such as glucose. It is vital for life as a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, ADP, and AMP. In nature, small amounts of ribose can be found in ripe fruits and vegetables. Brewer's yeast, which has a high concentration of RNA, is another rich source of ribose. D-ribose is also a component of many so-called energy drinks and antiaging products available on the market today. Ribose is a structural component of ATP, which is the primary energy source for exercising muscle. The adenosine component is an adenine base attached to the five-carbon sugar ribose. ATP provides energy to working muscles by releasing a phosphate group, hence becoming ADP, which in turn may release a phosphate group, then becoming AMP. During intense muscular activity, the total amount of ATP available is quickly depleted. In an effort to correct this imbalance, AMP is broken down in the muscle and secreted from the cell. Once the breakdown products of AMP are released from the cell, the energy potential (TAN pool) of the muscle is reduced and ATP must then be reformed using ribose. Ribose helps restore the level of adenine nucleotides by bypassing the rate-limiting step in the de novo (oxidative pentose phosphate) pathway, which regenerates 5-phosphoribosyl-l-pyrophosphate (PRPP), the essential precursor for ATP. If ribose is not readily available to a cell, glucose may be converted to ribose. Ribose supplementation has been shown to increase the rate of ATP resynthesis following intense exercise. The use of ribose in men with severe coronary artery disease resulted in improved exercise tolerance. Hence, there is interest in the potential of ribose supplements to boost muscular performance in athletic activities. (PMID: 17618002, Curr Sports Med Rep. 2007 Jul;6(4):254-7.)
Synonyms
  1. d-Ribose
  2. Alpha-d-ribose
  3. D-Ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyvaleraldehyde
  4. D-(-)-ribose
  5. Ribose
  6. alpha-D-ribose-5
  7. delta-Ribose
  8. Alpha-delta-ribose
  9. delta-Ribo-2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxyvaleraldehyde
  10. delta-(-)-ribose
  11. alpha-delta-ribose-5
Chemical IUPAC Name (3R,4R,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol
Chemical Formula C5H10O5
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate conjugates
Class
  • Carbohydrates
Sub Class
  • Monosaccharides
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • hemiacetal
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Second messenger
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 150.130
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 150.052826
Isomeric SMILES OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Canonical SMILES OCC1OC(O)C(O)C1O
KEGG Compound ID C00121 Link Image
BioCyc ID CPD-560 Link Image
BiGG ID 33936 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Ribose Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00283 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00283 Link Image
METLIN ID 313 Link Image
PubChem Compound 5779 Link Image
PubChem Substance 3421 Link Image
ChEBI ID 16988 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 50-69-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C5H10O5/c6-1-2-3(7)4(8)5(9)10-2/h2-9H,1H2/t2-,3-,4-,5?/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Park, Yong-Cheol; Choi, Jin-Ho; Bennett, George N.; Seo, Jin-Ho. Characterization of D-ribose biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis JY200 deficient in transketolase gene. Journal of Biotechnology (2006), 121(4), 508-516.
Melting Point (Experimental) 95 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 1.07e+03 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.32 [HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.65 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -1.9 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1GQT Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adrenal Gland —
Epidermis —
Fibroblasts —
Kidney —
Lung —
Neuron —
Pancreas —
Placenta —
Platelet —
Prostate —
Skeletal Muscle —
Spleen —
Testes —
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 2.3 (0.0-5.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 2.5 (0.0 - 5.0) uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Control
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 2.5 (0.0 - 5.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 3.0 (2.6-4.4) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 130. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp. Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Urine
Value 6.35 +/- 4.59 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Infant:0-1 yr old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Shoemaker JD, Elliott WH: Automated screening of urine samples for carbohydrates, organic and amino acids after treatment with urease. J Chromatogr. 1991 Jan 2;562(1-2):125-38. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 2.4 (0.0-5.0) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 90.0 (47.0 - 146.0) uM
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 50.0 (5.0 - 102.0) umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adolescent:13-18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
Comments Not Available
References
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency
  • Huck JH, Verhoeven NM, Struys EA, Salomons GS, Jakobs C, van der Knaap MS: Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency: new inborn error in the pentose phosphate pathway associated with a slowly progressive leukoencephalopathy. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Apr;74(4):745-51. Epub 2004 Feb 25. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
  • 608611 Link Image (Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency)
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Pentose Phosphate Pathway SMP00031 Link Image map00030 Link Image
General References
  1. Drel VR, Pacher P, Stevens MJ, Obrosova IG: Aldose reductase inhibition counteracts nitrosative stress and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in diabetic rat kidney and high-glucose-exposed human mesangial cells. Free Radic Biol Med. 2006 Apr 15;40(8):1454-65. Epub 2006 Jan 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Dancis J, Lee J, Mendoza S, Liebes L: Nucleoside transport by perfused human placenta. Placenta. 1993 Sep-Oct;14(5):547-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Quadrilatero J, Rush JW: Increased DNA fragmentation and altered apoptotic protein levels in skeletal muscle of spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Appl Physiol. 2006 Oct;101(4):1149-61. Epub 2006 Jun 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Carloto A, Costas MJ, Cameselle JC, McLennan AG, Ribeiro JM: The specific, submicromolar-Km ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase purified from human placenta is enzymically indistinguishable from recombinant NUDT9 protein, including a selectivity for Mn2+ as activating cation and increase in Km for ADP-ribose, both elicited by H2O2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2006 Oct;1760(10):1545-51. Epub 2006 Jun 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Genovese T, Mazzon E, Di Paola R, Muia C, Crisafulli C, Caputi AP, Cuzzocrea S: ROLE OF ENDOGENOUS AND EXOGENOUS LIGANDS FOR THE PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR alpha IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BLEOMYCIN-INDUCED LUNG INJURY. Shock. 2005 Dec;24(6):547-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Abe H, Tanuma S: Properties of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase purified from pig testis nuclei. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1996 Dec 1;336(1):139-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Augustin A, Muller-Steffner H, Schuber F: Molecular cloning and functional expression of bovine spleen ecto-NAD+ glycohydrolase: structural identity with human CD38. Biochem J. 2000 Jan 1;345 Pt 1:43-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dodd SL, Johnson CA, Fernholz K, St Cyr JA: The role of ribose in human skeletal muscle metabolism. Med Hypotheses. 2004;62(5):819-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Cheng C, Zochodne DW: Sensory neurons with activated caspase-3 survive long-term experimental diabetes. Diabetes. 2003 Sep;52(9):2363-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Szabo E, Virag L, Bakondi E, Gyure L, Hasko G, Bai P, Hunyadi J, Gergely P, Szabo C: Peroxynitrite production, DNA breakage, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation in a mouse model of oxazolone-induced contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Jul;117(1):74-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Jacobson EL, Giacomoni PU, Roberts MJ, Wondrak GT, Jacobson MK: Optimizing the energy status of skin cells during solar radiation. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2001 Oct;63(1-3):141-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Wurzer G, Herceg Z, Wesierska-Gadek J: Increased resistance to anticancer therapy of mouse cells lacking the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase attributable to up-regulation of the multidrug resistance gene product P-glycoprotein. Cancer Res. 2000 Aug 1;60(15):4238-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Okamoto H: The Reg gene family and Reg proteins: with special attention to the regeneration of pancreatic beta-cells. J Hepatobiliary Pancreat Surg. 1999;6(3):254-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. McNealy T, Frey M, Trojan L, Knoll T, Alken P, Michel MS: Intrinsic presence of poly (ADP-ribose) is significantly increased in malignant prostate compared to benign prostate cell lines. Anticancer Res. 2003 Mar-Apr;23(2B):1473-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Alexy T, Toth A, Marton Z, Horvath B, Koltai K, Feher G, Kesmarky G, Kalai T, Hideg K, Sumegi B, Toth K: Inhibition of ADP-evoked platelet aggregation by selected poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2004 Mar;43(3):423-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Jiang Q, Wong J, Fyrst H, Saba JD, Ames BN: gamma-Tocopherol or combinations of vitamin E forms induce cell death in human prostate cancer cells by interrupting sphingolipid synthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Dec 21;101(51):17825-30. Epub 2004 Dec 13. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Toth O, Szabo C, Kecskes M, Poto L, Nagy A, Losonczy H: In vitro effect of the potent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor INO-1001 alone and in combination with aspirin, eptifibatide, tirofiban, enoxaparin or alteplase on haemostatic parameters. Life Sci. 2006 Jun 20;79(4):317-23. Epub 2006 Feb 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Wall KA, Klis M, Kornet J, Coyle D, Ame JC, Jacobson MK, Slama JT: Inhibition of the intrinsic NAD+ glycohydrolase activity of CD38 by carbocyclic NAD analogues. Biochem J. 1998 Nov 1;335 ( Pt 3):631-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Tamagno E, Parola M, Bardini P, Piccini A, Borghi R, Guglielmotto M, Santoro G, Davit A, Danni O, Smith MA, Perry G, Tabaton M: Beta-site APP cleaving enzyme up-regulation induced by 4-hydroxynonenal is mediated by stress-activated protein kinases pathways. J Neurochem. 2005 Feb;92(3):628-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Boros LG, Steinkamp MP, Fleming JC, Lee WN, Cascante M, Neufeld EJ: Defective RNA ribose synthesis in fibroblasts from patients with thiamine-responsive megaloblastic anemia (TRMA). Blood. 2003 Nov 15;102(10):3556-61. Epub 2003 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Takeda Y, Usukura M, Yoneda T, Oda N, Ito Y, Mabuchi H: The expression of messenger RNA for ADP-ribosyl cyclase in aldosterone-producing adenomas. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2005 Apr;62(4):504-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Thomas D, Yang H, Boffa DJ, Ding R, Sharma VK, Lagman M, Li B, Hering B, Mohanakumar T, Lakey J, Kapur S, Hancock WW, Suthanthiran M: Proapoptotic Bax is hyperexpressed in isolated human islets compared with antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Transplantation. 2002 Dec 15;74(11):1489-96. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Ribokinase
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 6377
Enzyme 1 Name Ribokinase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Name RBKS
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Ribokinase 
MAASGEPQRQWQEEVAAVVVVGSCMTDLVSLTSRLPKTGETIHGHKFFIGFGGKGANQCV
QAARLGAMTSMVCKVGKDSFGNDYIENLKQNDISTEFTYQTKDAATGTASIIVNNEGQNI
IVIVAGANLLLNTEDLRAAANVISRAKVMVCQLEITPATSLEALTMARRSGVKTLFNPAP
AIADLDPQFYTLSDVFCCNESEAEILTGLTVGSAADAGEAALVLLKRGCQVVIITLGAEG
CVVLSQTEPEPKHIPTEKVKAVDTTGAGDSFVGALAFYLAYYPNLSLEDMLNRSNFIAAV
SVQAAGTQSSYPYKKDLPLTLF
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 322
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 34142.7
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 4.68
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • phosphotransferase activity, alcohol group as acceptor
  • ribokinase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • D-ribose metabolic process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • pentose metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in ribokinase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • ATP + D-ribose = ADP + D-ribose 5-phosphate [RN:R01051]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 10799803 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9H477 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RBSK_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >969 bp 
ATGGCGGCGTCTGGGGAACCCCAGAGGCAGTGGCAAGAGGAGGTGGCGGCGGTGGTAGTG
GTGGGCTCCTGCATGACCGACCTGGTCAGTCTTACTTCTCGTTTGCCAAAAACTGGAGAA
ACCATCCATGGACATAAGTTTTTTATTGGCTTTGGAGGGAAAGGTGCCAACCAGTGTGTC
CAAGCTGCTCGGCTTGGAGCAATGACGTCCATGGTGTGTAAGGTTGGCAAAGATTCTTTT
GGCAATGATTATATAGAAAACTTAAAACAGAATGATATTTCTACAGAATTTACATATCAG
ACTAAAGATGCTGCTACAGGAACTGCTTCTATAATTGTCAATAATGAAGGCCAGAATATC
ATTGTCATAGTGGCTGGAGCAAATTTACTTTTGAATACGGAGGATCTGAGGGCAGCAGCC
AATGTCATTAGCAGAGCCAAAGTCATGGTCTGCCAGCTCGAAATAACTCCAGCAACTTCT
TTGGAAGCCCTAACAATGGCCCGCAGGAGTGGAGTGAAAACCTTGTTCAATCCAGCCCCT
GCCATTGCTGACCTGGATCCCCAGTTCTACACCCTCTCAGATGTGTTCTGCTGCAATGAA
AGTGAGGCTGAGATTTTAACTGGCCTCACGGTGGGCAGCGCTGCAGATGCTGGGGAGGCT
GCATTAGTGCTCTTGAAAAGGGGCTGCCAGGTGGTAATCATTACCTTAGGGGCTGAAGGA
TGTGTGGTGCTGTCACAGACAGAACCTGAGCCAAAGCACATTCCCACAGAGAAAGTCAAG
GCTGTGGATACCACGGGTGCTGGTGACAGCTTTGTGGGAGCTCTGGCCTTCTACCTGGCT
TACTATCCAAATCTGTCCTTGGAAGACATGCTCAACAGATCCAATTTCATTGCAGCAGTC
AGTGTCCAGGCTGCAGGAACACAGTCATCTTACCCTTACAAAAAAGACCTTCCGCTTACT
CTGTTTTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AJ404857 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID RBKS Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID RBKS Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:30325 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 1 Locus 2p23.3
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Park J, van Koeverden P, Singh B, Gupta RS: Identification and characterization of human ribokinase and comparison of its properties with E. coli ribokinase and human adenosine kinase. FEBS Lett. 2007 Jul 10;581(17):3211-6. Epub 2007 Jun 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available