Hmdb loader
Survey
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:33:00 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:19 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0029845
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB29845
Metabolite Identification
Common NameChymopapain
DescriptionChymopapain, also known as chymodiactin or discase, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof that is linked to a benzene ring. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Chymopapain.
Structure
Data?1582753474
Synonyms
ValueSource
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium saltHMDB
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonate disodium saltHMDB
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonate disodium saltHMDB
1,2-Dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulphonic acid disodium saltHMDB
1,2-DIHYDROXYBENZENE-3,5-disulfonIC ACID,di na saltHMDB
1,3-Benzenedisulfonic acid, 4,5-dihydroxy-, disodium saltHMDB
149-46-2 (Parent CPD)HMDB
3,5-Disulfocatechol disodium saltHMDB
4,5-DIHYDROXY-1,3-benzenedisulfonIC ACIDHMDB
4,5-Dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium saltHMDB
4,5-Dihydroxy-m-benzenedisulfonic acid disodium saltHMDB
BAX 1526HMDB
ChymodiactinHMDB
Dihydroxy benzene disulfonate disodium saltHMDB
DiscaseHMDB
Disodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzene-3,5-disulfonateHMDB
Disodium 4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonateHMDB
Disodium 4,5-dihydroxy-m-benzenedisulfonateHMDB
Disodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonateHMDB
Disodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulphonateHMDB
Disodium pyrocatechol-3,5-disulfonateHMDB
m-Benzenedisulfonic acid, 4,5-dihydroxy-, disodium saltHMDB
NSC 107079HMDB
Pyrocatechol-3,5-disulfonic acid disodium saltHMDB
SDDHMDB
Sodium 1,2-dihydroxy-3,5-benzenedisulfonateHMDB
Sodium 1,2-dihydroxybenzenedisulfonateHMDB
Sodium 4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonateHMDB
Sodium catechol sulfateHMDB
Sodium catechol sulphateHMDB
Sodium pyrocatechol-3,5-disulfonateHMDB
TiferronHMDB
TironHMDB
Tiron(R)HMDB
4,5-Dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonateHMDB
4,5-Dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulphonateHMDB
4,5-Dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulphonic acidHMDB
ChemolaseHMDB
Chymopapain aHMDB
Chymopapain bHMDB
Sodium-4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzene disulfonateHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H6O8S2
Average Molecular Weight270.23
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight269.950409501
IUPAC Name4,5-dihydroxybenzene-1,3-disulfonic acid
Traditional Nametiron
CAS Registry Number9001-09-6
SMILES
OC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H6O8S2/c7-4-1-3(15(9,10)11)2-5(6(4)8)16(12,13)14/h1-2,7-8H,(H,9,10,11)(H,12,13,14)
InChI KeyXXAXVMUWHZHZMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as benzenesulfonic acids and derivatives. These are organic compounds containing a sulfonic acid or a derivative thereof that is linked to a benzene ring.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassBenzenoids
ClassBenzene and substituted derivatives
Sub ClassBenzenesulfonic acids and derivatives
Direct ParentBenzenesulfonic acids and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Benzenesulfonate
  • Arylsulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Benzenesulfonyl group
  • 1-sulfo,2-unsubstituted aromatic compound
  • Catechol
  • 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid
  • Phenol
  • Organic sulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid or derivatives
  • Organosulfonic acid
  • Sulfonyl
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organosulfur compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic homomonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homomonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateNot Available
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility11.3 g/LALOGPS
logP-2ALOGPS
logP0.38ChemAxon
logS-2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-3.5ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-6.5ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count8ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area149.2 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity51.26 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability21.72 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+157.39331661259
DarkChem[M-H]-154.92931661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+148.70830932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-146.3530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-179.31130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+154.80130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+155.632859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+152.032859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+159.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+159.932859911
AllCCS[M-H]-141.832859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-142.132859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-142.532859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ChymopapainOC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O4479.9Standard polar33892256
ChymopapainOC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O1419.6Standard non polar33892256
ChymopapainOC1=CC(=CC(=C1O)S(O)(=O)=O)S(O)(=O)=O2325.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Chymopapain,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O2428.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O2409.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(O)=C1O2456.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=C12466.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2412.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O2467.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O2441.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O2354.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2461.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TMS,isomer #6C[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C12443.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2372.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2729.5Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2452.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2744.3Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O2450.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O2684.5Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2414.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C2680.6Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2468.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C2825.5Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O2677.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O2648.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(O)=C1O2715.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,1TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(S(=O)(=O)O)=C12723.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2872.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O2921.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O2933.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O2845.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2928.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,2TBDMS,isomer #6CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C12943.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3084.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3552.2Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3100.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3557.9Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O3163.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O3561.8Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3114.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=C(O)C=C(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=C1S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3555.0Standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3331.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Chymopapain,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC1=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=CC(S(=O)(=O)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3951.5Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Chymopapain GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0090000000-ee475594b730b56c6eb02019-02-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0940000000-1e5750f1431e6cbd6c772019-02-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-1900000000-d4f4308734952b0dd39c2019-02-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-2090000000-a531d791554411d3d07d2019-02-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-015i-5590000000-e77e665626e6331157df2019-02-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9300000000-604f74c133b0dc6e17642019-02-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0fk9-0090000000-4079438743e1c69aa57c2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0190000000-bb4932b8faa638c46cb32021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-053r-9400000000-ecb405f2be85fcc885ac2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0090000000-c1230a2d7270d7a592462021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-1090000000-2c961ab3fb0ca78594b52021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chymopapain 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9700000000-a6d03b28abe7fcf973d12021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-30Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB031408
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID8652
KEGG Compound IDC11159
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkChymopapain
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound9002
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID278533
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Porter RW, Ralston SH: Pharmacological management of back pain syndromes. Drugs. 1994 Aug;48(2):189-98. [PubMed:7527324 ]
  2. Sawin PD, Traynelis VC, Rich G, Smith BA, Maves TJ, Follett KA, Moore SA: Chymopapain-induced reduction of proinflammatory phospholipase A2 activity and amelioration of neuropathic behavioral changes in an in vivo model of acute sciatica. J Neurosurg. 1997 Jun;86(6):998-1006. [PubMed:9171179 ]
  3. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .