| Record Information |
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| Version | 5.0 |
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| Status | Expected but not Quantified |
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| Creation Date | 2012-09-11 17:36:03 UTC |
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| Update Date | 2022-03-07 02:52:30 UTC |
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| HMDB ID | HMDB0030311 |
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| Secondary Accession Numbers | |
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| Metabolite Identification |
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| Common Name | Harmine |
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| Description | Harmine, also known as banisterine or leucoharmine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as harmala alkaloids. Harmala alkaloids are compounds with a structure based on harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harman or a derivative of those parents. These parents are beta-carbolines, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to the pyrrole moiety of an indole to form a pyrido[3,4-b]indole. Harmine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Harmine. |
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| Structure | COC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C1 InChI=1S/C13H12N2O/c1-8-13-11(5-6-14-8)10-4-3-9(16-2)7-12(10)15-13/h3-7,15H,1-2H3 |
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| Synonyms | | Value | Source |
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| 6-Methoxyharman | ChEBI | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-beta-carboline | ChEBI | | Banisterine | ChEBI | | Leucoharmine | ChEBI | | Telepathine | ChEBI | | Yageine | ChEBI | | Yajeine | ChEBI | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-b-carboline | Generator | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-β-carboline | Generator | | 1-Methyl-7-methoxy-beta -carboline | HMDB | | 1-Methyl-7-methoxy-beta-carboline | HMDB | | 442-51-3 (FREE base) | HMDB | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indole | HMDB | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole | HMDB | | 7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 9ci | HMDB | | Banisterin | HMDB | | Garmin | HMDB | | Harmin | HMDB | | Harmin hydrochloride | HMDB | | HRM | HMDB | | Telepathien | HMDB | | Telepathin | HMDB | | Yagein | HMDB |
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| Chemical Formula | C13H12N2O |
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| Average Molecular Weight | 212.2472 |
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| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight | 212.094963016 |
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| IUPAC Name | 7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole |
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| Traditional Name | harmine |
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| CAS Registry Number | 442-51-3 |
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| SMILES | COC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C1 |
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| InChI Identifier | InChI=1S/C13H12N2O/c1-8-13-11(5-6-14-8)10-4-3-9(16-2)7-12(10)15-13/h3-7,15H,1-2H3 |
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| InChI Key | BXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Chemical Taxonomy |
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| Description | Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as harmala alkaloids. Harmala alkaloids are compounds with a structure based on harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harman or a derivative of those parents. These parents are beta-carbolines, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to the pyrrole moiety of an indole to form a pyrido[3,4-b]indole. |
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| Kingdom | Organic compounds |
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| Super Class | Alkaloids and derivatives |
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| Class | Harmala alkaloids |
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| Sub Class | Not Available |
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| Direct Parent | Harmala alkaloids |
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| Alternative Parents | |
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| Substituents | - Harman
- Beta-carboline
- Pyridoindole
- Indole
- Indole or derivatives
- Anisole
- Methylpyridine
- Alkyl aryl ether
- Benzenoid
- Pyridine
- Heteroaromatic compound
- Pyrrole
- Ether
- Azacycle
- Organoheterocyclic compound
- Organopnictogen compound
- Organic nitrogen compound
- Organic oxygen compound
- Hydrocarbon derivative
- Organonitrogen compound
- Organooxygen compound
- Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
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| Molecular Framework | Aromatic heteropolycyclic compounds |
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| External Descriptors | |
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| Ontology |
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| Physiological effect | Not Available |
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| Disposition | |
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| Process | Not Available |
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| Role | |
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| Physical Properties |
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| State | Solid |
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| Experimental Molecular Properties | |
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| Experimental Chromatographic Properties | Experimental Collision Cross Sections |
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| Predicted Molecular Properties | |
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| Predicted Chromatographic Properties | Predicted Collision Cross SectionsPredicted Retention Times Underivatized| Chromatographic Method | Retention Time | Reference |
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| Measured using a Waters Acquity ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC) ethylene-bridged hybrid (BEH) C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm; 1.7 μmparticle diameter). Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. Predicted by Afia on May 17, 2022. | 4.57 minutes | 32390414 | | Predicted by Siyang on May 30, 2022 | 9.8317 minutes | 33406817 | | Predicted by Siyang using ReTip algorithm on June 8, 2022 | 2.2 minutes | 32390414 | | AjsUoB = Accucore 150 Amide HILIC with 10mM Ammonium Formate, 0.1% Formic Acid | 56.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Long = Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 1484.9 seconds | 40023050 | | Fem_Lipids = Ascentis Express C18 with (60:40 water:ACN):(90:10 IPA:ACN) and 10mM NH4COOH + 0.1% Formic Acid | 305.0 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_Old = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:(20:80 acetone:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 90.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Life_New = RP Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18 with Water:(30:70 MeOH:ACN) and 0.1% Formic Acid | 177.3 seconds | 40023050 | | RIKEN = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 133.4 seconds | 40023050 | | Eawag_XBridgeC18 = XBridge C18 3.5u 2.1x50 mm with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 342.0 seconds | 40023050 | | BfG_NTS_RP1 =Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 (2.1 mm x 150 mm, 3.5 um) with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 302.4 seconds | 40023050 | | HILIC_BDD_2 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN(0.1% formic acid):water(16 mM ammonium formate) | 57.6 seconds | 40023050 | | UniToyama_Atlantis = RP Waters Atlantis T3 (2.1 x 150 mm, 5 um) with ACN:Water and 0.1% Formic Acid | 570.0 seconds | 40023050 | | BDD_C18 = Hypersil Gold 1.9µm C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 192.1 seconds | 40023050 | | UFZ_Phenomenex = Kinetex Core-Shell C18 2.6 um, 3.0 x 100 mm, Phenomenex with Water:MeOH and 0.1% Formic Acid | 922.6 seconds | 40023050 | | SNU_RIKEN_POS = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 220.8 seconds | 40023050 | | RPMMFDA = Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 with Water:ACN and 0.1% Formic Acid | 251.0 seconds | 40023050 | | MTBLS87 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water and :ammonium carbonate | 670.7 seconds | 40023050 | | KI_GIAR_zic_HILIC_pH2_7 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-HILIC with ACN:Water and 0.1% FA | 205.6 seconds | 40023050 | | Meister zic-pHILIC pH9.3 = Merck SeQuant ZIC-pHILIC column with ACN:Water 5mM NH4Ac pH9.3 and 5mM ammonium acetate in water | 111.8 seconds | 40023050 |
Predicted Kovats Retention IndicesUnderivatizedDerivatized |
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| General References | - Gambelunghe C, Aroni K, Rossi R, Moretti L, Bacci M: Identification of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and beta-carbolines in psychotropic ayahuasca beverage. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Oct;22(10):1056-9. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1023. [PubMed:18506697 ]
- Yonezawa T, Lee JW, Hibino A, Asai M, Hojo H, Cha BY, Teruya T, Nagai K, Chung UI, Yagasaki K, Woo JT: Harmine promotes osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jun 3;409(2):260-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.001. Epub 2011 May 6. [PubMed:21570953 ]
- Hamsa TP, Kuttan G: Harmine inhibits tumour specific neo-vessel formation by regulating VEGF, MMP, TIMP and pro-inflammatory mediators both in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Dec 15;649(1-3):64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.010. Epub 2010 Sep 19. [PubMed:20858484 ]
- Reus GZ, Stringari RB, de Souza B, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Quevedo J: Harmine and imipramine promote antioxidant activities in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010 Sep-Oct;3(5):325-31. Epub 2010 Sep 1. [PubMed:21150338 ]
- Carpentier RG: The effect of harmine on the action potential of the guinea-pig atrial muscle depends on the external calcium concentration. Br J Pharmacol. 1981 Oct;74(2):415-8. [PubMed:7317690 ]
- (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .
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