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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-11 17:36:03 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:52:30 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0030311
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB30311
Metabolite Identification
Common NameHarmine
DescriptionHarmine, also known as banisterine or leucoharmine, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as harmala alkaloids. Harmala alkaloids are compounds with a structure based on harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harman or a derivative of those parents. These parents are beta-carbolines, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to the pyrrole moiety of an indole to form a pyrido[3,4-b]indole. Harmine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on Harmine.
Structure
Data?1563861967
Synonyms
ValueSource
6-MethoxyharmanChEBI
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-beta-carbolineChEBI
BanisterineChEBI
LeucoharmineChEBI
TelepathineChEBI
YageineChEBI
YajeineChEBI
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-b-carbolineGenerator
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-β-carbolineGenerator
1-Methyl-7-methoxy-beta -carbolineHMDB
1-Methyl-7-methoxy-beta-carbolineHMDB
442-51-3 (FREE base)HMDB
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido(3,4-b)indoleHMDB
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indoleHMDB
7-Methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole, 9ciHMDB
BanisterinHMDB
GarminHMDB
HarminHMDB
Harmin hydrochlorideHMDB
HRMHMDB
TelepathienHMDB
TelepathinHMDB
YageinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC13H12N2O
Average Molecular Weight212.2472
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight212.094963016
IUPAC Name7-methoxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole
Traditional Nameharmine
CAS Registry Number442-51-3
SMILES
COC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C13H12N2O/c1-8-13-11(5-6-14-8)10-4-3-9(16-2)7-12(10)15-13/h3-7,15H,1-2H3
InChI KeyBXNJHAXVSOCGBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as harmala alkaloids. Harmala alkaloids are compounds with a structure based on harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harman or a derivative of those parents. These parents are beta-carbolines, consisting of a pyrimidine fused to the pyrrole moiety of an indole to form a pyrido[3,4-b]indole.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassAlkaloids and derivatives
ClassHarmala alkaloids
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHarmala alkaloids
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Harman
  • Beta-carboline
  • Pyridoindole
  • Indole
  • Indole or derivatives
  • Anisole
  • Methylpyridine
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Benzenoid
  • Pyridine
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Pyrrole
  • Ether
  • Azacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point264 - 265 °CNot Available
Boiling Point421.40 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility2.68 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP3.56Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg145.27530932474
[M+H]+MetCCS_train_pos146.03330932474
[M+H]+Not Available144.507http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00001371
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.061 g/LALOGPS
logP3.05ALOGPS
logP1.85ChemAxon
logS-3.5ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.54ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)6.15ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count2ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area37.91 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count1ChemAxon
Refractivity62.37 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability23.45 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+150.031661259
DarkChem[M-H]-150.59531661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+151.430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-149.00530932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-182.09130932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+157.42130932474
AllCCS[M+H]+146.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+142.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+150.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+151.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-151.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-151.632859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-151.332859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
HarmineCOC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C12697.4Standard polar33892256
HarmineCOC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C12282.3Standard non polar33892256
HarmineCOC1=CC=C2C(NC3=C2C=CN=C3C)=C12239.9Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Harmine,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C2C3=CC=NC(C)=C3N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C12434.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmine,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C2C3=CC=NC(C)=C3N([Si](C)(C)C)C2=C12108.3Standard non polar33892256
Harmine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C2C3=CC=NC(C)=C3N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C12597.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Harmine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC=C2C3=CC=NC(C)=C3N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C2=C12304.6Standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0i00-0910000000-7d7913e8c62ca2fc405f2017-07-27Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Harmine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-03di-0190000000-fa0446e989509658da3d2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0910000000-4a6e6c341c48681497742017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-8d47230f745bacac39272017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0900000000-16e41b0926f6f19e8e382017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0900000000-8ad2d2db9ac2e4e33f2a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-03dj-0980000000-f76e1f1ebc0a34cf9e192017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-10a7486ab11a55848f362017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine LC-ESI-QTOF , negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-0900000000-f96154ced990a53da1ed2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-0900000000-f96154ced990a53da1ed2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0900000000-8ad2d2db9ac2e4e33f2a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-0950000000-5b86eae11b9584fb61d22021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0910000000-bd45bbe925cae07193f12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-0960000000-ba4967eea0296b4fe9bb2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-b59fd5cd0485f43365072021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-0eda59a868cc927c56cc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-0950000000-d72a407e7fcb51a907412021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0900000000-ebc0112ec46f469b1a232021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-0900000000-f5af858ddaae753b4b332021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-0970000000-2bf7107914c45050f9792021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0910000000-949ce85d021c031897dc2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-03dj-0890000000-c823f56aeed13de3d53e2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-34ecb37a74bcd4cb4b092021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014j-0900000000-3bb39ad8bbde59a43e4a2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0910000000-1eb8334547d0b6019ebe2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Harmine 50V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0900000000-c4015244dc4c0527398f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Membrane
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB07919
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB002149
KNApSAcK IDC00001737
Chemspider ID4444445
KEGG Compound IDC06538
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkHarmine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound5280953
PDB IDHRM
ChEBI ID28121
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1249111
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Gambelunghe C, Aroni K, Rossi R, Moretti L, Bacci M: Identification of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and beta-carbolines in psychotropic ayahuasca beverage. Biomed Chromatogr. 2008 Oct;22(10):1056-9. doi: 10.1002/bmc.1023. [PubMed:18506697 ]
  2. Yonezawa T, Lee JW, Hibino A, Asai M, Hojo H, Cha BY, Teruya T, Nagai K, Chung UI, Yagasaki K, Woo JT: Harmine promotes osteoblast differentiation through bone morphogenetic protein signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Jun 3;409(2):260-5. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.05.001. Epub 2011 May 6. [PubMed:21570953 ]
  3. Hamsa TP, Kuttan G: Harmine inhibits tumour specific neo-vessel formation by regulating VEGF, MMP, TIMP and pro-inflammatory mediators both in vivo and in vitro. Eur J Pharmacol. 2010 Dec 15;649(1-3):64-73. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2010.09.010. Epub 2010 Sep 19. [PubMed:20858484 ]
  4. Reus GZ, Stringari RB, de Souza B, Petronilho F, Dal-Pizzol F, Hallak JE, Zuardi AW, Crippa JA, Quevedo J: Harmine and imipramine promote antioxidant activities in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010 Sep-Oct;3(5):325-31. Epub 2010 Sep 1. [PubMed:21150338 ]
  5. Carpentier RG: The effect of harmine on the action potential of the guinea-pig atrial muscle depends on the external calcium concentration. Br J Pharmacol. 1981 Oct;74(2):415-8. [PubMed:7317690 ]
  6. (). Yannai, Shmuel. (2004) Dictionary of food compounds with CD-ROM: Additives, flavors, and ingredients. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC.. .