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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Chlorine (HMDB00492)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2006-08-15 14:10:24 -0600
Update Date 2013-02-08 17:08:41 -0700
HMDB ID HMDB00492
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB02073
Metabolite Identification
Common Name Chlorine
Description Under standard conditions, chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule. Chlorine is a highly toxic, pale yellow-green gas that has a specific strong smell. In nature, chlorine is most abundant as a chloride ion. Physiologically, this it. exists as an ion in the body. The chloride ion is an essential anion that the body needs for many critical functions. It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Chloride ions have important physiological roles. For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action of glycine and some of the action of GABA relies on the entry of Cl- into specific neurons. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. Chloride-transporting proteins (CLC) play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. CLC proteins form a gene family that comprises nine members in mammals, at least four of which are involved in human genetic diseases. GABA(A) receptors are pentameric complexes that function as ligand-gated chloride ion channels. WNK kinases are a family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, and they are found in diverse epithelia throughout the body that are involved in chloride ion flux. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. (PMID: 17539703 Link_out, 17729441 Link_out, 17562499 Link_out, 15300163 Link_out) (For a complete review see Evans, Richard B. Chlorine: state of the art. Lung (2005), 183(3), 151-167. PMID: 16078037 Link_out).
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. Bertholite
  2. Chloor
  3. Chlor
  4. Chlore
  5. Chloride
  6. Chloride ion
  7. Chlorine
  8. Chlorine gas
  9. Cl
  10. Cl2
  11. Diatomic chlorine
  12. Dichlorine
  13. Molecular chlorine
Chemical Formula Cl
Average Molecular Weight 35.453
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 34.968852707
IUPAC Name chloride
Traditional IUPAC Name chloride
CAS Registry Number 16887-00-6
SMILES [Cl-]
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1
InChI Key VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Inorganic Compounds
Super Class Homogeneous Non-metal Compounds
Class Homogeneous Halogens
Sub Class N/A
Other Descriptors
  • an anion(Cyc)
  • halide anion(ChEBI)
  • monoatomic chlorine(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • N/A
Direct Parent Homogeneous Halogens
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
  • Food
  • Drug
Biofunction
  • Osmolyte, enzyme cofactor, signalling
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Physical Properties
State Gas
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point -101 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 6.3 mg/mL at 25 °C Not Available
LogP Not Available Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility ALOGPS
LogP 0.61 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest acidic) -7 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 0 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 0 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 0 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 0 ChemAxon
Refractivity 5.62 ChemAxon
Polarizability 2.39 ChemAxon
Formal Charge -1 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon
Spectra
Not Available
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Location
  • All Tissues
Pathways Not Available
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
110000.0 +/- 4500.0 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
103200.0 +/- 2640.0 uM Infant (0-1 year old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
103700.0 +/- 1900.0 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.06 +/- 0.08 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
8881.6 (5263.2-17763.2) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References None
Associated OMIM IDs None
DrugBank ID Not Available
Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
FoodDB ID FDB006557
KNApSAcK ID Not Available
Chemspider ID 4514529 Link_out
KEGG Compound ID Not Available
BioCyc ID CPD-4521 Link_out
BiGG ID 50130 Link_out
Wikipedia Link Chlorine Link_out
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00492 Link_out
Metagene Link HMDB00492 Link_out
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 24526 Link_out
PDB ID CL Link_out
ChEBI ID 29311 Link_out
References
Synthesis Reference Weber, Rainer; Bulan, Andreas; Haas, Michel; Warsitz, Rafael; Werner, Knud. Production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 30pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2007134861 A1 20071129 CAN 148:35931 AN 2007:1361621
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Pubmed: 7539703 Link_out
  2. Zifarelli G, Pusch M: CLC chloride channels and transporters: a biophysical and physiological perspective. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;158:23-76. Pubmed: 17729441 Link_out
  3. Tarran R, Donaldson S, Boucher RC: Rationale for hypertonic saline therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jun;28(3):295-302. Pubmed: 17562499 Link_out
  4. Kahle KT, Wilson FH, Lalioti M, Toka H, Qin H, Lifton RP: WNK kinases: molecular regulators of integrated epithelial ion transport. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2004 Sep;13(5):557-62. Pubmed: 15300163 Link_out

Enzymes
Name: Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 3
Reactions:
    Gene Name: PRMT3
    Uniprot ID: O60678 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Glutathione S-transferase theta-1
    Reactions:
    • RX + glutathione = HX + R-S-glutathione [RN:R03522 R08511 R08512]
    Gene Name: GSTT1
    Uniprot ID: P30711 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase Sgk1
    Reactions:
    • ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein [RN:R00162]
    Gene Name: SGK1
    Uniprot ID: O00141 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK4
    Reactions:
    • ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein [RN:R00162]
    Gene Name: WNK4
    Uniprot ID: Q96J92 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Angiotensin-converting enzyme
    Reactions:
    • Release of a C-terminal dipeptide, oligopeptide!Xaa-Yaa, when Xaa is not Pro, and Yaa is neither Asp nor Glu. Thus, conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, with increase in vasoconstrictor activity, but no action on angiotensin II COFACTOR Zinc [CPD:C00038] INHIBITOR (S)-N-[3-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-oxoprolyl]g lycine [CPD:C01313]
    • (S)-N-[3-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(mercaptomethyl)-1-oxoprolyl]- (S)-alanine [CPD:C01314]
    • (S)-N-[3-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(acetylthio)methyl-1-oxoprolyl ]glycine benzyl ester [CPD:C01315]
    • (S)-N-[3-(3,4-Methylenedioxyphenyl)-2-(acetylthio)methyl-1-oxoprolyl ]-(S)-alanine benzyl ester [CPD:C01316]
    Gene Name: ACE
    Uniprot ID: P12821 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Protein arginine N-methyltransferase 5
    Reactions:
    • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + histone-arginine = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + histone-Nomega-methyl-arginine [RN:R04718]
    Gene Name: PRMT5
    Uniprot ID: O14744 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Alpha-amylase 1
    Reactions:
    • Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1->4)-alpha-linked D-glucose units ALL_REAC (other) R02108 R06209(G)
    Gene Name: AMY1A
    Uniprot ID: P04745 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Pancreatic alpha-amylase
    Reactions:
    • Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1->4)-alpha-linked D-glucose units ALL_REAC (other) R02108 R06209(G)
    Gene Name: AMY2A
    Uniprot ID: P04746 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
    Reactions:
    • ATP + H2O = ADP + phosphate [RN:R00086]
    Gene Name: CFTR
    Uniprot ID: P13569 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Alpha-amylase 2B
    Reactions:
    • Endohydrolysis of (1->4)-alpha-D-glucosidic linkages in polysaccharides containing three or more (1->4)-alpha-linked D-glucose units ALL_REAC (other) R02108 R06209(G)
    Gene Name: AMY2B
    Uniprot ID: P19961 Link_out
    Protein Sequence: FASTA
    Gene Sequence: FASTA
    Name: Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
    Reactions:
      Gene Name: GRM5
      Uniprot ID: P41594 Link_out
      Protein Sequence: FASTA
      Gene Sequence: FASTA
      Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
      Reactions:
        Gene Name: GABRG2
        Uniprot ID: P18507 Link_out
        Protein Sequence: FASTA
        Gene Sequence: FASTA
        Name: Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily KQT member 1
        Reactions:
          Gene Name: KCNQ1
          Uniprot ID: P51787 Link_out
          Protein Sequence: FASTA
          Gene Sequence: FASTA
          Name: Chloride channel protein 1
          Reactions:
            Gene Name: CLCN1
            Uniprot ID: P35523 Link_out
            Protein Sequence: FASTA
            Gene Sequence: FASTA
            Name: Potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 2
            Reactions:
              Gene Name: HCN2
              Uniprot ID: Q9UL51 Link_out
              Protein Sequence: FASTA
              Gene Sequence: FASTA
              Name: Equilibrative nucleoside transporter 4
              Reactions:
                Gene Name: SLC29A4
                Uniprot ID: Q7RTT9 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Pendrin
                Reactions:
                  Gene Name: SLC26A4
                  Uniprot ID: O43511 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 3
                  Reactions:
                  • --- []
                  Gene Name: SLC12A3
                  Uniprot ID: P55017 Link_out
                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                  Name: Excitatory amino acid transporter 5
                  Reactions:
                    Gene Name: SLC1A7
                    Uniprot ID: O00341 Link_out
                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                    Name: Chloride anion exchanger
                    Reactions:
                      Gene Name: SLC26A3
                      Uniprot ID: P40879 Link_out
                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                      Name: Solute carrier family 26 member 9
                      Reactions:
                        Gene Name: SLC26A9
                        Uniprot ID: Q7LBE3 Link_out
                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                        Name: Anion exchange transporter
                        Reactions:
                          Gene Name: SLC26A7
                          Uniprot ID: Q8TE54 Link_out
                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                          Name: Testis anion transporter 1
                          Reactions:
                            Gene Name: SLC26A8
                            Uniprot ID: Q96RN1 Link_out
                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                            Name: Large neutral amino acids transporter small subunit 4
                            Reactions:
                              Gene Name: SLC43A2
                              Uniprot ID: Q8N370 Link_out
                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                              Name: Bestrophin-1
                              Reactions:
                                Gene Name: BEST1
                                Uniprot ID: O76090 Link_out
                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                Name: Bestrophin-2
                                Reactions:
                                  Gene Name: BEST2
                                  Uniprot ID: Q8NFU1 Link_out
                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                  Name: Bestrophin-3
                                  Reactions:
                                    Gene Name: BEST3
                                    Uniprot ID: Q8N1M1 Link_out
                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                    Name: Bestrophin-4
                                    Reactions:
                                      Gene Name: BEST4
                                      Uniprot ID: Q8NFU0 Link_out
                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                      Name: Solute carrier family 26 member 10
                                      Reactions:
                                        Gene Name: SLC26A10
                                        Uniprot ID: Q8NG04 Link_out
                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                        Name: Prestin
                                        Reactions:
                                          Gene Name: SLC26A5
                                          Uniprot ID: P58743 Link_out
                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                          Name: Anoctamin-10
                                          Reactions:
                                            Gene Name: ANO10
                                            Uniprot ID: Q9NW15 Link_out
                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                            Name: Anoctamin-1
                                            Reactions:
                                              Gene Name: ANO1
                                              Uniprot ID: Q5XXA6 Link_out
                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                              Name: Anoctamin-2
                                              Reactions:
                                                Gene Name: ANO2
                                                Uniprot ID: Q9NQ90 Link_out
                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                Name: Anoctamin-3
                                                Reactions:
                                                  Gene Name: ANO3
                                                  Uniprot ID: Q9BYT9 Link_out
                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                  Name: Anoctamin-4
                                                  Reactions:
                                                    Gene Name: ANO4
                                                    Uniprot ID: Q32M45 Link_out
                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                    Name: Anoctamin-5
                                                    Reactions:
                                                      Gene Name: ANO5
                                                      Uniprot ID: Q75V66 Link_out
                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                      Name: Anoctamin-6
                                                      Reactions:
                                                        Gene Name: ANO6
                                                        Uniprot ID: Q4KMQ2 Link_out
                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                        Name: Anoctamin-7
                                                        Reactions:
                                                          Gene Name: ANO7
                                                          Uniprot ID: Q6IWH7 Link_out
                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                          Name: Anoctamin-8
                                                          Reactions:
                                                            Gene Name: ANO8
                                                            Uniprot ID: Q9HCE9 Link_out
                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                            Name: Anoctamin-9
                                                            Reactions:
                                                              Gene Name: ANO9
                                                              Uniprot ID: A1A5B4 Link_out
                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                              Name: Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 2
                                                              Reactions:
                                                                Gene Name: CLCA2
                                                                Uniprot ID: Q9UQC9 Link_out
                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                Name: Calcium-activated chloride channel regulator 4
                                                                Reactions:
                                                                  Gene Name: CLCA4
                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q14CN2 Link_out
                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                  Name: Potassium channel subfamily T member 1
                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                    Gene Name: KCNT1
                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q5JUK3 Link_out
                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                    Name: Potassium channel subfamily T member 2
                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                      Gene Name: KCNT2
                                                                      Uniprot ID: Q6UVM3 Link_out
                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                      Name: Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 3
                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                        Gene Name: KCNE3
                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q9Y6H6 Link_out
                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                        Name: Phospholemman
                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                          Gene Name: FXYD1
                                                                          Uniprot ID: O00168 Link_out
                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Name: Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                          • angiotensin II + H2O = angiotensin-(1--7) + L-phenylalanine
                                                                          Gene Name: ACE2
                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q9BYF1 Link_out
                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                          Name: Atrial natriuretic peptide receptor 3
                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                            Gene Name: NPR3
                                                                            Uniprot ID: P17342 Link_out
                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                            Name: Barttin
                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                              Gene Name: BSND
                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q8WZ55 Link_out
                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Name: Dipeptidyl peptidase 1
                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                              • Release of an N-terminal dipeptide, Xaa-Yaa!Zaa-, except when Xaa is Arg or Lys, or Yaa or Zaa is Pro
                                                                              Gene Name: CTSC
                                                                              Uniprot ID: P53634 Link_out
                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                              Name: Chloride channel CLIC-like protein 1
                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                Gene Name: CLCC1
                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q96S66 Link_out
                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                Name: Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka
                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                  Gene Name: CLCNKA
                                                                                  Uniprot ID: P51800 Link_out
                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                  Name: Chloride channel protein ClC-Kb
                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                    Gene Name: CLCNKB
                                                                                    Uniprot ID: P51801 Link_out
                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                    Name: Chloride channel protein 2
                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                      Gene Name: CLCN2
                                                                                      Uniprot ID: P51788 Link_out
                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                      Name: H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3
                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                        Gene Name: CLCN3
                                                                                        Uniprot ID: P51790 Link_out
                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                        Name: H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4
                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                          Gene Name: CLCN4
                                                                                          Uniprot ID: P51793 Link_out
                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                          Name: H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5
                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                            Gene Name: CLCN5
                                                                                            Uniprot ID: P51795 Link_out
                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                            Name: Chloride transport protein 6
                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                              Gene Name: CLCN6
                                                                                              Uniprot ID: P51797 Link_out
                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                              Name: H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 7
                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                Gene Name: CLCN7
                                                                                                Uniprot ID: P51798 Link_out
                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 1
                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                  Gene Name: CLIC1
                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: O00299 Link_out
                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                  Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 2
                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                    Gene Name: CLIC2
                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: O15247 Link_out
                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                    Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 3
                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                      Gene Name: CLIC3
                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: O95833 Link_out
                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                      Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 4
                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                        Gene Name: CLIC4
                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q9Y696 Link_out
                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                        Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 5
                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                          Gene Name: CLIC5
                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q9NZA1 Link_out
                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                          Name: Chloride intracellular channel protein 6
                                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                                            Gene Name: CLIC6
                                                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q96NY7 Link_out
                                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                            Name: Beta-defensin 104
                                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                                              Gene Name: DEFB104A
                                                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q8WTQ1 Link_out
                                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                              Name: FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 3
                                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                                Gene Name: FXYD3
                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q14802 Link_out
                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-1
                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                  Gene Name: GABRA1
                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: P14867 Link_out
                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                  Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-2
                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                    Gene Name: GABRA2
                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: P47869 Link_out
                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                    Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-3
                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                      Gene Name: GABRA3
                                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: P34903 Link_out
                                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                      Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-4
                                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                                        Gene Name: GABRA4
                                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: P48169 Link_out
                                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                        Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-5
                                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                                          Gene Name: GABRA5
                                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: P31644 Link_out
                                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                          Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit alpha-6
                                                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                                                            Gene Name: GABRA6
                                                                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q16445 Link_out
                                                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                            Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-1
                                                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                                                              Gene Name: GABRB1
                                                                                                                              Uniprot ID: P18505 Link_out
                                                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                              Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-2
                                                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                                                Gene Name: GABRB2
                                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: P47870 Link_out
                                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit beta-3
                                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                                  Gene Name: GABRB3
                                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: P28472 Link_out
                                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                  Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit delta
                                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: GABRD
                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: O14764 Link_out
                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                    Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit epsilon
                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                      Gene Name: GABRE
                                                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: P78334 Link_out
                                                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                      Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-1
                                                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                                                        Gene Name: GABRG1
                                                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q8N1C3 Link_out
                                                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                        Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-3
                                                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                                                          Gene Name: GABRG3
                                                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q99928 Link_out
                                                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                          Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit pi
                                                                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                                                                            Gene Name: GABRP
                                                                                                                                            Uniprot ID: O00591 Link_out
                                                                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                            Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-1
                                                                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                                                                              Gene Name: GABRR1
                                                                                                                                              Uniprot ID: P24046 Link_out
                                                                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                              Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-2
                                                                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                Gene Name: GABRR2
                                                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: P28476 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit rho-3
                                                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                  Gene Name: GABRR3
                                                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: A8MPY1 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                  Name: Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit theta
                                                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: GABRQ
                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q9UN88 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                    Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-1
                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                      Gene Name: GLRA1
                                                                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: P23415 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                      Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-2
                                                                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                        Gene Name: GLRA2
                                                                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: P23416 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                        Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-3
                                                                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                          Gene Name: GLRA3
                                                                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: O75311 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                          Name: Glycine receptor subunit beta
                                                                                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                            Gene Name: GLRB
                                                                                                                                                            Uniprot ID: P48167 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                            Name: Golgi-associated PDZ and coiled-coil motif-containing protein
                                                                                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                              Gene Name: GOPC
                                                                                                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q9HD26 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                              Name: Methylosome subunit pICln
                                                                                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                Gene Name: CLNS1A
                                                                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: P54105 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                Name: NADPH oxidase 3
                                                                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Name: NOX3
                                                                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q9HBY0 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                  Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase OSR1
                                                                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                  • ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein [RN:R00162]
                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Name: OXSR1
                                                                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: O95747 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                  Name: Na(+)/H(+) exchange regulatory cofactor NHE-RF3
                                                                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: PDZK1
                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q5T2W1 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 8
                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                      Gene Name: SLC12A8
                                                                                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: A0AV02 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                      Name: Sodium-dependent neutral amino acid transporter B(0)AT1
                                                                                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                        Gene Name: SLC6A19
                                                                                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q695T7 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                        Name: Sodium-coupled monocarboxylate transporter 1
                                                                                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                          Gene Name: SLC5A8
                                                                                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q8N695 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                          Name: Protein tweety homolog 1
                                                                                                                                                                          Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                            Gene Name: TTYH1
                                                                                                                                                                            Uniprot ID: Q9H313 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                            Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                            Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                            Name: Protein tweety homolog 2
                                                                                                                                                                            Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                              Gene Name: TTYH2
                                                                                                                                                                              Uniprot ID: Q9BSA4 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                              Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                              Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                              Name: Protein tweety homolog 3
                                                                                                                                                                              Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                Gene Name: TTYH3
                                                                                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q9C0H2 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                Name: Serine/threonine-protein kinase WNK1
                                                                                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                • ATP + a protein = ADP + a phosphoprotein [RN:R00162]
                                                                                                                                                                                Gene Name: WNK1
                                                                                                                                                                                Uniprot ID: Q9H4A3 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                Name: Glycine receptor subunit alpha-4
                                                                                                                                                                                Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Name: GLRA4
                                                                                                                                                                                  Uniprot ID: Q5JXX5 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                  Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                  Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                  Transporters
                                                                                                                                                                                  Name: High affinity choline transporter 1
                                                                                                                                                                                  Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: SLC5A7
                                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q9GZV3 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 5
                                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • --- []
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: SLC12A5
                                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q9H2X9 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 2
                                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • --- []
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: SLC12A2
                                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: P55011 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 1
                                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • --- []
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: SLC12A1
                                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q13621 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 4
                                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                    • --- []
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Name: SLC12A4
                                                                                                                                                                                    Uniprot ID: Q9UP95 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                    Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                    Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 6
                                                                                                                                                                                    Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                      Gene Name: SLC12A6
                                                                                                                                                                                      Uniprot ID: Q9UHW9 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                      Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                      Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                      Name: Solute carrier family 12 member 7
                                                                                                                                                                                      Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                        Gene Name: SLC12A7
                                                                                                                                                                                        Uniprot ID: Q9Y666 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                        Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                        Gene Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                        Name: Sodium-driven chloride bicarbonate exchanger
                                                                                                                                                                                        Reactions:
                                                                                                                                                                                          Gene Name: SLC4A10
                                                                                                                                                                                          Uniprot ID: Q6U841 Link_out
                                                                                                                                                                                          Protein Sequence: FASTA
                                                                                                                                                                                          Gene Sequence: FASTA