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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-15 20:10:24 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:02 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000492
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0002073
  • HMDB00492
  • HMDB02073
Metabolite Identification
Common NameChloride ion
DescriptionUnder standard conditions, chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule. Chlorine is a highly toxic, pale yellow-green gas that has a specific strong smell. In nature, chlorine is most abundant as a chloride ion. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. The chloride ion is an essential anion that the body needs for many critical functions. It also helps keep the body's acid-base balance. The amount of chloride in the blood is carefully controlled by the kidneys. Chloride ions have important physiological roles. For instance, in the central nervous system, the inhibitory action of glycine and some of the action of GABA relies on the entry of Cl- into specific neurons. Also, the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger biological transport protein relies on the chloride ion to increase the blood's capacity of carbon dioxide, in the form of the bicarbonate ion. Chloride-transporting proteins (CLC) play fundamental roles in many tissues in the plasma membrane as well as in intracellular membranes. CLC proteins form a gene family that comprises nine members in mammals, at least four of which are involved in human genetic diseases. GABA(A) receptors are pentameric complexes that function as ligand-gated chloride ion channels. WNK kinases are a family of serine-threonine kinases that have been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of electrolyte homeostasis, and they are found in diverse epithelia throughout the body that are involved in chloride ion flux. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by alterations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTCR) gene that result in deranged sodium and chloride ion transport channels. (PMID: 17539703 , 17729441 , 17562499 , 15300163 ) (For a complete review see Evans, Richard B. Chlorine: state of the art. Lung (2005), 183(3), 151-167. PMID: 16078037 ).
Structure
Data?1589493404
Synonyms
ValueSource
Chloride(1-)ChEBI
Chlorine anionChEBI
CL(-)ChEBI
ChlorideKegg
BertholiteHMDB
ChloorHMDB
ChlorHMDB
ChloreHMDB
ChlorineHMDB
Chlorine gasHMDB
ClHMDB
Cl2HMDB
Diatomic chlorineHMDB
DichlorineHMDB
Molecular chlorineHMDB
Chloride ion levelHMDB
Ion level, chlorideHMDB
ChloridesHMDB
Level, chloride ionHMDB
MSR-1 Protein, nicotiana plumbaginifoliaHMDB
PLS216 Protein, nicotiana plumbaginifoliaHMDB
Chemical FormulaCl
Average Molecular Weight35.453
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight34.968852707
IUPAC Namechloride
Traditional Namechloride
CAS Registry Number16887-00-6
SMILES
[Cl-]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/ClH/h1H/p-1
InChI KeyVEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous halogens. These are inorganic non-metallic compounds in which the largest atom is a nobel gas.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassHomogeneous non-metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous halogens
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHomogeneous halogens
Alternative ParentsNot Available
Substituents
  • Homogeneous halogen
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateLiquid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point-101 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility6.3 mg/mL at 25 °CNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP0.61ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)-7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity5.62 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability2.39 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+112.57630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-110.8230932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-146.11830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+119.57130932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Chloride ion[Cl-]692.5Standard polar33892256
Chloride ion[Cl-]241.4Standard non polar33892256
Chloride ion[Cl-]95.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-6fb9c471131023c432df2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-81a678b03172c0d73abf2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-5df8560ed945712b84812021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0009000000-80bd16051562ea5ee2b72021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0009000000-cf0884f0a8324da15f742021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-c4fb3d037fe2e74c2a5e2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-c4fb3d037fe2e74c2a5e2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-c4fb3d037fe2e74c2a5e2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-d488e6da5c7ecb77869a2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-d488e6da5c7ecb77869a2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-d488e6da5c7ecb77869a2015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c2fa753da65a4bac80a12021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c2fa753da65a4bac80a12021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chloride ion 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-c2fa753da65a4bac80a12021-09-22Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Sweat
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • All Tissues
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified94000-104000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified99000-109000 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified94000-109000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified95000-105000 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified97000-110000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified98000-107000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified110000.0 +/- 4500.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified103200.0 +/- 2640.0 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified103700.0 +/- 1900.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified0.06 +/- 0.08 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified62510 +/- 73440 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified57800 +/- 73110 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified63230 +/- 75710 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified57630 +/- 74070 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified64740 +/- 71350 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified63930 +/- 55770 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified59550 +/- 59390 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified550-730 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified8881.6 (5263.2-17763.2) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified96000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleAdrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified87000 (74000-95000) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
details
BloodDetected and Quantified110000 uMAdolescent (13-18 years old)Both
Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1
details
BloodDetected and Quantified102000-140000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothRenal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1 details
BloodDetected and Quantified110000-116000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Both
Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1
details
BloodDetected and Quantified111000-114000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Both
Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1
details
BloodDetected and Quantified94000-116000 uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothRenal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1 details
BloodDetected and Quantified96000-100000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified86000-87000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified101000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified81000-97000 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified108000-115000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothCongenital secretory diarrhea details
BloodDetected and Quantified69900 (53000-88000) uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothCongenital chloride diarrhea details
BloodDetected and Quantified86000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal details
BloodDetected and Quantified84000-100000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleBartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient details
BloodDetected and Quantified84000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
details
SweatDetected and Quantified12800 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleDibasic Amino Aciduria I details
UrineDetected and Quantified2200-3970 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothCongenital secretory diarrhea details
UrineDetected and Quantified6167.790-7991.801 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1
  1. Karet FE, Gainza FJ, Gyory AZ, Unwin RJ, Wrong O, Tanner MJ, Nayir A, Alpay H, Santos F, Hulton SA, Bakkaloglu A, Ozen S, Cunningham MJ, di Pietro A, Walker WG, Lifton RP: Mutations in the chloride-bicarbonate exchanger gene AE1 cause autosomal dominant but not autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998 May 26;95(11):6337-42. [PubMed:9600966 ]
Primary hypomagnesemia
  1. Jin-no Y, Kamiya Y, Okada M, Hirako M, Takada N, Kawaguchi M: Primary hypomagnesemia caused by isolated magnesium malabsorption: atypical case in adult. Intern Med. 1999 Mar;38(3):261-5. [PubMed:10337938 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
  1. Adachi M, Asakura Y, Sato Y, Tajima T, Nakajima T, Yamamoto T, Fujieda K: Novel SLC12A1 (NKCC2) mutations in two families with Bartter syndrome type 1. Endocr J. 2007 Dec;54(6):1003-7. Epub 2007 Nov 12. [PubMed:17998760 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal
  1. Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29. [PubMed:26069767 ]
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
  1. Guven A, Polat S: Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor in Two Brothers with a Novel Mutation in the 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017 Mar 1;9(1):85-90. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.3306. Epub 2016 Jul 29. [PubMed:27476613 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
  1. Seys E, Andrini O, Keck M, Mansour-Hendili L, Courand PY, Simian C, Deschenes G, Kwon T, Bertholet-Thomas A, Bobrie G, Borde JS, Bourdat-Michel G, Decramer S, Cailliez M, Krug P, Cozette P, Delbet JD, Dubourg L, Chaveau D, Fila M, Jourde-Chiche N, Knebelmann B, Lavocat MP, Lemoine S, Djeddi D, Llanas B, Louillet F, Merieau E, Mileva M, Mota-Vieira L, Mousson C, Nobili F, Novo R, Roussey-Kesler G, Vrillon I, Walsh SB, Teulon J, Blanchard A, Vargas-Poussou R: Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Aug;28(8):2540-2552. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101057. Epub 2017 Apr 5. [PubMed:28381550 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944. [PubMed:18310267 ]
Congenital secretory diarrhea
  1. Muller T, Wijmenga C, Phillips AD, Janecke A, Houwen RH, Fischer H, Ellemunter H, Fruhwirth M, Offner F, Hofer S, Muller W, Booth IW, Heinz-Erian P: Congenital sodium diarrhea is an autosomal recessive disorder of sodium/proton exchange but unrelated to known candidate genes. Gastroenterology. 2000 Dec;119(6):1506-13. [PubMed:11113072 ]
Congenital chloride diarrhea
  1. Lubani MM, Doudin KI, Sharda DC, Shaltout AA, al-Shab TS, Abdul Al YK, Said MA, Salhi MM, Ahmed SA: Congenital chloride diarrhoea in Kuwaiti children. Eur J Pediatr. 1989 Jan;148(4):333-6. [PubMed:2651131 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient
  1. Laghmani K, Beck BB, Yang SS, Seaayfan E, Wenzel A, Reusch B, Vitzthum H, Priem D, Demaretz S, Bergmann K, Duin LK, Gobel H, Mache C, Thiele H, Bartram MP, Dombret C, Altmuller J, Nurnberg P, Benzing T, Levtchenko E, Seyberth HW, Klaus G, Yigit G, Lin SH, Timmer A, de Koning TJ, Scherjon SA, Schlingmann KP, Bertrand MJ, Rinschen MM, de Backer O, Konrad M, Komhoff M: Polyhydramnios, Transient Antenatal Bartter's Syndrome, and MAGED2 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507629. Epub 2016 Apr 27. [PubMed:27120771 ]
Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I
  1. Whelan DT, Scriver CR: Hyperdibasicaminoaciduria: an inherited disorder of amino acid transport. Pediatr Res. 1968 Nov;2(6):525-34. [PubMed:5727921 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 179800 (Renal tubular acidosis, distal, RTA type 1)
  • 248250 (Primary hypomagnesemia)
  • 601678 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal)
  • 241200 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal)
  • 201810 (Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency)
  • 607364 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 3)
  • 613090 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 270420 (Congenital secretory diarrhea)
  • 214700 (Congenital chloride diarrhea)
  • 300971 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient)
  • 222690 (Hyperdibasic aminoaciduria I)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB006557
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID4514529
KEGG Compound IDC00698
BioCyc IDCL-
BiGG ID50130
Wikipedia LinkChloride
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound312
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID17996
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDCL
MarkerDB IDMDB00013427
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceWeber, Rainer; Bulan, Andreas; Haas, Michel; Warsitz, Rafael; Werner, Knud. Production of chlorine from hydrogen chloride and oxygen. PCT Int. Appl. (2007), 30pp. CODEN: PIXXD2 WO 2007134861 A1 20071129 CAN 148:35931 AN 2007:1361621
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Fainsinger RL: Palliative care in Edmonton. Support Care Cancer. 1995 Mar;3(2):91-2. [PubMed:7539703 ]
  2. Zifarelli G, Pusch M: CLC chloride channels and transporters: a biophysical and physiological perspective. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol. 2007;158:23-76. [PubMed:17729441 ]
  3. Tarran R, Donaldson S, Boucher RC: Rationale for hypertonic saline therapy for cystic fibrosis lung disease. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Jun;28(3):295-302. [PubMed:17562499 ]
  4. Kahle KT, Wilson FH, Lalioti M, Toka H, Qin H, Lifton RP: WNK kinases: molecular regulators of integrated epithelial ion transport. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens. 2004 Sep;13(5):557-62. [PubMed:15300163 ]
  5. Harrison NL: Mechanisms of sleep induction by GABA(A) receptor agonists. J Clin Psychiatry. 2007;68 Suppl 5:6-12. [PubMed:17539703 ]
  6. Evans RB: Chlorine: state of the art. Lung. 2005 May-Jun;183(3):151-67. [PubMed:16078037 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 110 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in protein methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Methylates (mono and asymmetric dimethylation) the guanidino nitrogens of arginyl residues in some proteins
Gene Name:
PRMT3
Uniprot ID:
O60678
Molecular weight:
59902.7
General function:
Posttranslational modification, protein turnover, chaperones
Specific function:
Conjugation of reduced glutathione to a wide number of exogenous and endogenous hydrophobic electrophiles. Acts on 1,2-epoxy-3-(4-nitrophenoxy)propane, phenethylisothiocyanate 4-nitrobenzyl chloride and 4-nitrophenethyl bromide. Displays glutathione peroxidase activity with cumene hydroperoxide.
Gene Name:
GSTT1
Uniprot ID:
P30711
Molecular weight:
27334.755
General function:
Involved in protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Specific function:
Protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. Activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability and renal sodium excretion. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Mediates cell survival signals, phosphorylates and negatively regulates pro-apoptotic FOXO3A. Phosphorylates NEDD4L, which leads to its inactivation and to the subsequent activation of various channels and transporters such as ENaC, KCNA3/Kv1.3 or EAAT1. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of ENaC and Na(+) transport than isoform 1
Gene Name:
SGK1
Uniprot ID:
O00141
Molecular weight:
48942.0
General function:
Involved in protein kinase activity
Specific function:
Regulates the activity of the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter, SLC12A3, by phosphorylation which appears to prevent membrane trafficking of SLC12A3. Also inhibits the renal K(+) channel, KCNJ1, via a kinase-independent mechanism by which it induces clearance of the protein from the cell surface by clathrin-dependent endocytosis. WNK4 appears to act as a molecular switch that can vary the balance between NaCl reabsorption and K(+) secretion to maintain integrated homeostasis
Gene Name:
WNK4
Uniprot ID:
Q96J92
Molecular weight:
134737.7
General function:
Involved in metallopeptidase activity
Specific function:
Converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II by release of the terminal His-Leu, this results in an increase of the vasoconstrictor activity of angiotensin. Also able to inactivate bradykinin, a potent vasodilator. Has also a glycosidase activity which releases GPI-anchored proteins from the membrane by cleaving the mannose linkage in the GPI moiety
Gene Name:
ACE
Uniprot ID:
P12821
Molecular weight:
149713.7
General function:
Involved in histone-arginine N-methyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Arginine methyltransferase that can both catalyze the formation of omega-N monomethylarginine (MMA) and symmetrical dimethylarginine (sDMA), with a preference for the formation of MMA. Specifically mediates the symmetrical dimethylation of arginine residues in the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins Sm D1 (SNRPD1) and Sm D3 (SNRPD3); such methylation being required for the assembly and biogenesis of snRNP core particles. Methylates SUPT5H. Mono- and dimethylates arginine residues of myelin basic protein (MBP) in vitro. Plays a role in the assembly of snRNP core particles. May play a role in cytokine-activated transduction pathways. Negatively regulates cyclin E1 promoter activity and cellular proliferation. May regulate the SUPT5H transcriptional elongation properties. May be part of a pathway that is connected to a chloride current, possibly through cytoskeletal rearrangement. Methylates histone H2A and H4 'Arg-3' during germ cell development. Methylates histone H3 'Arg-8', which may repress transcription. Methylates the Piwi proteins (PIWIL1, PIWIL2 and PIWIL4), methylation of Piwi proteins being required for the interaction with Tudor domain-containing proteins and subsequent localization to the meiotic nuage. Methylates RPS10. Attenuates EGF signaling through the MAPK1/MAPK3 pathway acting at 2 levels. First, monomethylates EGFR; this enhances EGFR 'Tyr-1197' phosphorylation and PTPN6 recruitment, eventually leading to reduced SOS1 phosphorylation. Second, methylates RAF1 and probably BRAF, hence destabilizing these 2 signaling proteins and reducing their catalytic activity. Required for induction of E-selectin and VCAM-1, on the endothelial cells surface at sites of inflammation. Methylates HOXA9. Methylates and regulates SRGAP2 which is involved in cell migration and differentiation.
Gene Name:
PRMT5
Uniprot ID:
O14744
Molecular weight:
71319.755
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY1A
Uniprot ID:
P04745
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY2A
Uniprot ID:
P04746
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Involved in the transport of chloride ions. May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the SLC4A7 transporter. Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO1.
Gene Name:
CFTR
Uniprot ID:
P13569
Molecular weight:
168139.895
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
AMY2B
Uniprot ID:
P19961
Molecular weight:
Not Available

Transporters

General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent.
Gene Name:
SLC5A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9GZV3
Molecular weight:
63202.985
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport in mature neurons. Transport occurs under isotonic conditions, but is activated 20-fold by cell swelling. Important for Cl(-) homeostasis in neurons
Gene Name:
SLC12A5
Uniprot ID:
Q9H2X9
Molecular weight:
126182.5
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume
Gene Name:
SLC12A2
Uniprot ID:
P55011
Molecular weight:
131445.8
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Electrically silent transporter system. Mediates sodium and chloride reabsorption. Plays a vital role in the regulation of ionic balance and cell volume
Gene Name:
SLC12A1
Uniprot ID:
Q13621
Molecular weight:
121449.1
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport when activated by cell swelling. May contribute to cell volume homeostasis in single cells. May be involved in the regulation of basolateral Cl(-) exit in NaCl absorbing epithelia. Isoform 4 has no transport activity
Gene Name:
SLC12A4
Uniprot ID:
Q9UP95
Molecular weight:
120648.7
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport. May be activated by cell swelling. May contribute to cell volume homeostasis in single cells
Gene Name:
SLC12A6
Uniprot ID:
Q9UHW9
Molecular weight:
127615.7
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Mediates electroneutral potassium-chloride cotransport when activated by cell swelling. May mediate K(+) uptake into Deiters' cells in the cochlea and contribute to K(+) recycling in the inner ear. Important for the survival of cochlear outer and inner hair cells and the maintenance of the organ of Corti. May be required for basolateral Cl(-) extrusion in the kidney and contribute to renal acidification
Gene Name:
SLC12A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9Y666
Molecular weight:
119104.8
General function:
Involved in inorganic anion exchanger activity
Specific function:
Electrogenic sodium/bicarbonate cotransporter in exchange for intracellular chloride. Plays an important role in regulating intracellular pH
Gene Name:
SLC4A10
Uniprot ID:
Q6U841
Molecular weight:
125945.1

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 110 proteins in total.