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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2006-08-15 22:07:35 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:49:04 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000588
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00588
Metabolite Identification
Common NameSodium
DescriptionSodium, also known as Na+ or sodium ion, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkali metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkali metal atom. Sodium is a weakly acidic compound (based on its pKa). Sodium exists in all living species, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, sodium is involved in the metabolic disorder called the triamterene action pathway. Outside of the human body, Sodium has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as cashew nuts, sugar apples, oregon yampahs, hazelnuts, and turnips. This could make sodium a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Sodium, with regard to humans, has been found to be associated with several diseases such as lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia, congenital secretory diarrhea, bartter syndrome, type 4b, neonatal, with sensorineural deafness, and adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency; sodium has also been linked to the inborn metabolic disorder primary hypomagnesemia. Sodium ions are necessary for regulation of blood and body fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and certain metabolic functions. Sodium is needed by animals, which maintain high concentrations in their blood and extracellular fluids, but the ion is not needed by plants. For certain people with salt-sensitive blood pressure, this extra intake may cause a negative effect on health. Most people consume far more sodium than is physiologically needed.
Structure
Data?1582752142
Synonyms
ValueSource
Na(+)ChEBI
Na+ChEBI
SODIUM ionChEBI
Sodium(1+)Kegg
Chemical FormulaNa
Average Molecular Weight22.9898
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight22.989769675
IUPAC Namesodium(1+) ion
Traditional Namesodium(1+) ion
CAS Registry Number7440-23-5
SMILES
[Na+]
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/Na/q+1
InChI KeyFKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as homogeneous alkali metal compounds. These are inorganic compounds containing only metal atoms,with the largest atom being a alkali metal atom.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassHomogeneous metal compounds
ClassHomogeneous alkali metal compounds
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentHomogeneous alkali metal compounds
Alternative ParentsNot Available
Substituents
  • Homogeneous alkali metal
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point97.82 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
logP-0.77ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.09ChemAxon
Physiological Charge1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count0ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area0 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity0 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability1.78 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings0ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleYesChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+109.7730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-108.04730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-143.27630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+116.60130932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Sodium[Na+]714.2Standard polar33892256
Sodium[Na+]207.0Standard non polar33892256
Sodium[Na+]63.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-25bf08b0ab99f8116a312015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-25bf08b0ab99f8116a312015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-25bf08b0ab99f8116a312015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-fba837e9c7559de067802015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-fba837e9c7559de067802015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-fba837e9c7559de067802015-09-15Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-1d278094c49273af723f2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-1d278094c49273af723f2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Sodium 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-1d278094c49273af723f2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Peroxisome
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified144000.0 +/- 5700.0 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified139100.0 +/- 2020.0 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified142600.0 (138000.0-146000.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified137000-146000 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified132000-155000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified132000-142000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified136000-145000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified136000 uMNot SpecifiedNot SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified134000-146000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
BloodDetected and Quantified135000-145000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified135000-145000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified109788 +/- 10048 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified145000.0 (137000.0 - 153000.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified16369.0203 +/- 14797.0167 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified36371.396 +/- 22633.546 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified45250 +/- 17410 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified20250 +/- 2770 uMAdult (>18 years old)Not Specified
Normal
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified12347.23 +/- 6902.57 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
details
SalivaDetected and Quantified32000 +/- 20000 uMNot SpecifiedBoth
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified12477 (1863.49-37249.07) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified10.32 +/- 6.02 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified11.73 +/-6.323 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified12.16 +/- 5.83 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified12.19 +/- 7.47 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified13.34 +/- 3.96 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected and Quantified14736.8 (5263.15-36842.1) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
    • West Cadwell, N.J...
    • Basel, Switzerlan...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified8466.667 +/- 2866.667 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified8733.333 +/- 2200 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified9066.667 +/- 3933.333 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified11000 +/- 3600 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified11533.333 +/- 2866.667 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified1400 (550-2700) umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified9079.00 +/- 329.00 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified10789.00 +/- 394.00 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified120000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleAdrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency details
BloodDetected and Quantified128000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Female
21-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified105000-129000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
21-hydroxylase deficiency
details
BloodDetected and Quantified133000 (127000-137000) uMChildren (1-13 years old)Both
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
details
BloodDetected and Quantified138000-139000 uMAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
BloodDetected and Quantified128000-138000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified143000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified134000-138000 uMChildren (1-13 years old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness details
BloodDetected and Quantified131000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleLipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified127000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleCorticosterone methyloxidase I deficiency- CMO I details
BloodDetected and Quantified126000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Not AvailablePseudohypoaldosteronism, type I, autosomal dominant details
BloodDetected and Quantified118000-123000 uMInfant (0-1 year old)BothCongenital secretory diarrhea details
BloodDetected and Quantified129000 (125000-132000) uMChildren (1-13 years old)BothCongenital chloride diarrhea details
BloodDetected and Quantified189000 uMAdult (>18 years old)FemaleWolfram syndrome 1 details
BloodDetected and Quantified113000-132000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal details
BloodDetected and Quantified128000 (123000-133000) uMNewborn (0-30 days old)MaleBartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient details
BloodDetected and Quantified128000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleLipoid Adrenal Hyperplasia details
BloodDetected and Quantified132000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
details
BloodDetected and Quantified133000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
details
BloodDetected and Quantified121000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
details
BloodDetected and Quantified125000 uMNewborn (0-30 days old)Female
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
details
UrineDetected and Quantified5045.716-6408.639 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Male
Primary Hypomagnesemia
details
UrineDetected and Quantified8000 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)FemaleCorticosterone methyloxidase I deficiency- CMO I details
UrineDetected and Quantified7500 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)FemaleWolfram syndrome 1 details
UrineDetected and Quantified4700-9100 umol/mmol creatinineNewborn (0-30 days old)FemaleBartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Primary hypomagnesemia
  1. Jin-no Y, Kamiya Y, Okada M, Hirako M, Takada N, Kawaguchi M: Primary hypomagnesemia caused by isolated magnesium malabsorption: atypical case in adult. Intern Med. 1999 Mar;38(3):261-5. [PubMed:10337938 ]
21-Hydroxylase deficiency
  1. Warinner SA, Zimmerman D, Thompson GB, Grant CS: Study of three patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia treated by bilateral adrenalectomy. World J Surg. 2000 Nov;24(11):1347-52. [PubMed:11038205 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Zaffanello M, Taranta A, Palma A, Bettinelli A, Marseglia GL, Emma F: Type IV Bartter syndrome: report of two new cases. Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Jun;21(6):766-70. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0090-x. Epub 2006 Apr 1. [PubMed:16583241 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal
  1. Adachi M, Asakura Y, Sato Y, Tajima T, Nakajima T, Yamamoto T, Fujieda K: Novel SLC12A1 (NKCC2) mutations in two families with Bartter syndrome type 1. Endocr J. 2007 Dec;54(6):1003-7. Epub 2007 Nov 12. [PubMed:17998760 ]
Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete
  1. Kim CJ, Lin L, Huang N, Quigley CA, AvRuskin TW, Achermann JC, Miller WL: Severe combined adrenal and gonadal deficiency caused by novel mutations in the cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme, P450scc. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Mar;93(3):696-702. doi: 10.1210/jc.2007-2330. Epub 2008 Jan 8. [PubMed:18182448 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal
  1. Chan WK, To KF, Tong JH, Law CW: Paradoxical hypertension and salt wasting in Type II Bartter syndrome. Clin Kidney J. 2012 Jun;5(3):217-20. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sfs026. Epub 2012 Mar 29. [PubMed:26069767 ]
Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency
  1. Guven A, Polat S: Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumor in Two Brothers with a Novel Mutation in the 3-Beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-2 Gene. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2017 Mar 1;9(1):85-90. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.3306. Epub 2016 Jul 29. [PubMed:27476613 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 3
  1. Seys E, Andrini O, Keck M, Mansour-Hendili L, Courand PY, Simian C, Deschenes G, Kwon T, Bertholet-Thomas A, Bobrie G, Borde JS, Bourdat-Michel G, Decramer S, Cailliez M, Krug P, Cozette P, Delbet JD, Dubourg L, Chaveau D, Fila M, Jourde-Chiche N, Knebelmann B, Lavocat MP, Lemoine S, Djeddi D, Llanas B, Louillet F, Merieau E, Mileva M, Mota-Vieira L, Mousson C, Nobili F, Novo R, Roussey-Kesler G, Vrillon I, Walsh SB, Teulon J, Blanchard A, Vargas-Poussou R: Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of Bartter Syndrome Type 3. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2017 Aug;28(8):2540-2552. doi: 10.1681/ASN.2016101057. Epub 2017 Apr 5. [PubMed:28381550 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness
  1. Nozu K, Inagaki T, Fu XJ, Nozu Y, Kaito H, Kanda K, Sekine T, Igarashi T, Nakanishi K, Yoshikawa N, Iijima K, Matsuo M: Molecular analysis of digenic inheritance in Bartter syndrome with sensorineural deafness. J Med Genet. 2008 Mar;45(3):182-6. doi: 10.1136/jmg.2007.052944. [PubMed:18310267 ]
Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
  1. Fujieda K, Tajima T, Nakae J, Sageshima S, Tachibana K, Suwa S, Sugawara T, Strauss JF 3rd: Spontaneous puberty in 46,XX subjects with congenital lipoid adrenal hyperplasia. Ovarian steroidogenesis is spared to some extent despite inactivating mutations in the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene. J Clin Invest. 1997 Mar 15;99(6):1265-71. doi: 10.1172/JCI119284. [PubMed:9077535 ]
  2. Hauffa BP, Miller WL, Grumbach MM, Conte FA, Kaplan SL: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to deficient cholesterol side-chain cleavage activity (20, 22-desmolase) in a patient treated for 18 years. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1985 Nov;23(5):481-93. [PubMed:3841304 ]
Corticosterone methyl oxidase I deficiency
  1. Ustyol A, Atabek ME, Taylor N, Yeung MC, Chan AO: Corticosterone Methyl Oxidase Deficiency Type 1 with Normokalemia in an Infant. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016 Sep 1;8(3):356-9. doi: 10.4274/jcrpe.2824. Epub 2016 Apr 29. [PubMed:27125267 ]
Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I, autosomal dominant
  1. Bowden SA, Cozzi C, Hickey SE, Thrush DL, Astbury C, Nuthakki S: Autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 in an infant with salt wasting crisis associated with urinary tract infection and obstructive uropathy. Case Rep Endocrinol. 2013;2013:524647. doi: 10.1155/2013/524647. Epub 2013 Dec 19. [PubMed:24455331 ]
Congenital secretory diarrhea
  1. Muller T, Wijmenga C, Phillips AD, Janecke A, Houwen RH, Fischer H, Ellemunter H, Fruhwirth M, Offner F, Hofer S, Muller W, Booth IW, Heinz-Erian P: Congenital sodium diarrhea is an autosomal recessive disorder of sodium/proton exchange but unrelated to known candidate genes. Gastroenterology. 2000 Dec;119(6):1506-13. [PubMed:11113072 ]
Congenital chloride diarrhea
  1. Lubani MM, Doudin KI, Sharda DC, Shaltout AA, al-Shab TS, Abdul Al YK, Said MA, Salhi MM, Ahmed SA: Congenital chloride diarrhoea in Kuwaiti children. Eur J Pediatr. 1989 Jan;148(4):333-6. [PubMed:2651131 ]
Wolfram syndrome 1
  1. Valsalan R, Gonsalves H, Mailankot M, Mulamani N, Sheshadri S: Wolfram syndrome - clinical and diagnostic details. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2009 Oct;24(4):436-8. doi: 10.1007/s12291-009-0079-x. Epub 2009 Dec 30. [PubMed:23105875 ]
Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient
  1. Laghmani K, Beck BB, Yang SS, Seaayfan E, Wenzel A, Reusch B, Vitzthum H, Priem D, Demaretz S, Bergmann K, Duin LK, Gobel H, Mache C, Thiele H, Bartram MP, Dombret C, Altmuller J, Nurnberg P, Benzing T, Levtchenko E, Seyberth HW, Klaus G, Yigit G, Lin SH, Timmer A, de Koning TJ, Scherjon SA, Schlingmann KP, Bertrand MJ, Rinschen MM, de Backer O, Konrad M, Komhoff M: Polyhydramnios, Transient Antenatal Bartter's Syndrome, and MAGED2 Mutations. N Engl J Med. 2016 May 12;374(19):1853-63. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1507629. Epub 2016 Apr 27. [PubMed:27120771 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
  • 248250 (Primary hypomagnesemia)
  • 201910 (21-Hydroxylase deficiency)
  • 602522 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4A, Neonatal, with Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 601678 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 1, Antenatal)
  • 613743 (Adrenal insufficiency, congenital, with 46,XY sex reversal, partial or complete)
  • 241200 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 2, Antenatal)
  • 201810 (Adrenal hyperplasia, congenital, due to 3-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 deficiency)
  • 607364 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 3)
  • 613090 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 4B, Neonatal, With Sensorineural Deafness)
  • 201710 (Lipoid Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia)
  • 203400 (Corticosterone methyl oxidase I deficiency)
  • 177735 (Pseudohypoaldosteronism, type I, autosomal dominant)
  • 270420 (Congenital secretory diarrhea)
  • 214700 (Congenital chloride diarrhea)
  • 222300 (Wolfram syndrome 1)
  • 300971 (Bartter Syndrome, Type 5, Antenatal, Transient)
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB031052
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID899
KEGG Compound IDC01330
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG ID37376
Wikipedia LinkSodium
METLIN ID3192
PubChem Compound923
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID29101
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNA1
MarkerDB IDMDB00013429
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Fox CS, Larson MG, Hwang SJ, Leip EP, Rifai N, Levy D, Benjamin EJ, Murabito JM, Meigs JB, Vasan RS: Cross-sectional relations of serum aldosterone and urine sodium excretion to urinary albumin excretion in a community-based sample. Kidney Int. 2006 Jun;69(11):2064-9. [PubMed:16572107 ]
  2. Felder RA, Jose PA: Mechanisms of disease: the role of GRK4 in the etiology of essential hypertension and salt sensitivity. Nat Clin Pract Nephrol. 2006 Nov;2(11):637-50. [PubMed:17066056 ]
  3. Achard JM, Hadchouel J, Faure S, Jeunemaitre X: Inherited sodium avid states. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2006 Apr;13(2):118-23. [PubMed:16580612 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 196 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in acid-amino acid ligase activity
Specific function:
Accepts ubiquitin from the E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. In vitro catalyzes 'Lys-11'- and 'Lys-48'-, as well as 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitination. Participates in the regulation of transepithelial sodium transport in renal cells. May be involved in cell growth arrest.
Gene Name:
UBE2E3
Uniprot ID:
Q969T4
Molecular weight:
22912.32
General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to the inactive metabolite cortisone. Modulates intracellular glucocorticoid levels, thus protecting the nonselective mineralocorticoid receptor from occupation by glucocorticoids.
Gene Name:
HSD11B2
Uniprot ID:
P80365
Molecular weight:
44126.06
General function:
Involved in ion channel activity
Specific function:
Hyperpolarization-activated ion channel exhibiting weak selectivity for potassium over sodium ions. Contributes to the native pacemaker currents in heart (If) and in neurons (Ih). Activated by cAMP, and at 10-100 times higher concentrations, also by cGMP. May mediate responses to sour stimuli
Gene Name:
HCN1
Uniprot ID:
O60741
Molecular weight:
98795.3
General function:
Involved in sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
Specific function:
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-3 subunit is not known
Gene Name:
ATP1B3
Uniprot ID:
P54709
Molecular weight:
31512.3
General function:
Involved in sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
Specific function:
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The exact function of the beta-2 subunit is not known
Gene Name:
ATP1B2
Uniprot ID:
P14415
Molecular weight:
33366.9
General function:
Involved in sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
Specific function:
This is the non-catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of Na(+) and K(+) ions across the plasma membrane. The beta subunit regulates, through assembly of alpha/beta heterodimers, the number of sodium pumps transported to the plasma membrane
Gene Name:
ATP1B1
Uniprot ID:
P05026
Molecular weight:
35061.1
General function:
Involved in protein serine/threonine kinase activity
Specific function:
Protein kinase that plays an important role in cellular stress response. Activates certain potassium, sodium, and chloride channels, suggesting an involvement in the regulation of processes such as cell survival, neuronal excitability and renal sodium excretion. Sustained high levels and activity may contribute to conditions such as hypertension and diabetic nephropathy. Mediates cell survival signals, phosphorylates and negatively regulates pro-apoptotic FOXO3A. Phosphorylates NEDD4L, which leads to its inactivation and to the subsequent activation of various channels and transporters such as ENaC, KCNA3/Kv1.3 or EAAT1. Isoform 2 exhibited a greater effect on cell plasma membrane expression of ENaC and Na(+) transport than isoform 1
Gene Name:
SGK1
Uniprot ID:
O00141
Molecular weight:
48942.0
General function:
Involved in sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase activity
Specific function:
May act as a transcriptional coregulator during muscle development through its interaction with SNW1. Has lost its ancestral function as a Na,K-ATPase beta-subunit
Gene Name:
ATP1B4
Uniprot ID:
Q9UN42
Molecular weight:
41597.4
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Gene Name:
ATP1A1
Uniprot ID:
P05023
Molecular weight:
112895.01
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
This is the catalytic component of the active enzyme, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP coupled with the exchange of sodium and potassium ions across the plasma membrane. This action creates the electrochemical gradient of sodium and potassium ions, providing the energy for active transport of various nutrients.
Gene Name:
ATP1A3
Uniprot ID:
P13637
Molecular weight:
113132.965

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, high affinity carnitine transporter. Involved in the active cellular uptake of carnitine. Transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Also relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 11.3
Gene Name:
SLC22A5
Uniprot ID:
O76082
Molecular weight:
62751.1
General function:
Involved in sodium:dicarboxylate symporter activity
Specific function:
Has a broad substrate specificity, a preference for zwitterionic amino acids, and a sodium-dependence. It accepts as substrates all neutral amino acids, including glutamine, asparagine, and branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, and excludes methylated amino acids, anionic amino acids, and cationic amino acids. Act as a cell surface receptor for feline endogenous virus RD114, baboon M7 endogenous virus and type D simian retroviruses
Gene Name:
SLC1A5
Uniprot ID:
Q15758
Molecular weight:
56597.6
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Amine transporter. Terminates the action of noradrenaline by its high affinity sodium-dependent reuptake into presynaptic terminals.
Gene Name:
SLC6A2
Uniprot ID:
P23975
Molecular weight:
69331.42
General function:
Involved in neurotransmitter:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Serotonin transporter whose primary function in the central nervous system involves the regulation of serotonergic signaling via transport of serotonin molecules from the synaptic cleft back into the pre-synaptic terminal for re-utilization. Plays a key role in mediating regulation of the availability of serotonin to other receptors of serotonergic systems. Terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent manner.
Gene Name:
SLC6A4
Uniprot ID:
P31645
Molecular weight:
70324.165
General function:
Involved in nucleoside transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Mediates both influx and efflux of nucleosides across the membrane (equilibrative transporter). It is sensitive (ES) to low concentrations of the inhibitor nitrobenzylmercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR) and is sodium-independent. It has a higher affinity for adenosine. Inhibited by dipyridamole and dilazep (anticancer chemotherapeutics drugs)
Gene Name:
SLC29A1
Uniprot ID:
Q99808
Molecular weight:
50218.8
General function:
Involved in transporter activity
Specific function:
Imports choline from the extracellular space to the neuron with high affinity. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis. Sodium ion- and chloride ion-dependent.
Gene Name:
SLC5A7
Uniprot ID:
Q9GZV3
Molecular weight:
63202.985
General function:
Involved in transport
Specific function:
Sodium-independent, high-affinity transport of small and large neutral amino acids such as alanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, leucine, arginine and tryptophan, when associated with SLC3A2/4F2hc. Acts as an amino acid exchanger. Has higher affinity for L-phenylalanine than LAT1 but lower affinity for glutamine and serine. L-alanine is transported at physiological concentrations. Plays a role in basolateral (re)absorption of neutral amino acids. Involved in the uptake of methylmercury (MeHg) when administered as the L-cysteine or D,L-homocysteine complexes, and hence plays a role in metal ion homeostasis and toxicity. Involved in the cellular activity of small molecular weight nitrosothiols, via the stereoselective transport of L-nitrosocysteine (L-CNSO) across the transmembrane. Plays an essential role in the reabsorption of neutral amino acids from the epithelial cells to the bloodstream in the kidney
Gene Name:
SLC7A8
Uniprot ID:
Q9UHI5
Molecular weight:
58381.1
General function:
Involved in ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Sodium-ion dependent, low affinity carnitine transporter. Probably transports one sodium ion with one molecule of carnitine. Also transports organic cations such as tetraethylammonium (TEA) without the involvement of sodium. Relative uptake activity ratio of carnitine to TEA is 1.78. A key substrate of this transporter seems to be ergothioneine (ET)
Gene Name:
SLC22A4
Uniprot ID:
Q9H015
Molecular weight:
62154.5
General function:
Involved in bile acid:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
Plays a critical role in the sodium-dependent reabsorption of bile acids from the lumen of the small intestine. Plays a key role in cholesterol metabolism
Gene Name:
SLC10A2
Uniprot ID:
Q12908
Molecular weight:
37697.4
General function:
Involved in bile acid:sodium symporter activity
Specific function:
The hepatic sodium/bile acid uptake system exhibits broad substrate specificity and transports various non-bile acid organic compounds as well. It is strictly dependent on the extracellular presence of sodium.
Gene Name:
SLC10A1
Uniprot ID:
Q14973
Molecular weight:
38118.64

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 196 proteins in total.