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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-09-14 15:44:38 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000629
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB0006277
  • HMDB00629
  • HMDB06277
Metabolite Identification
Common NameChondroitin
DescriptionChondroitin, without the "sulfate", has been used to describe a fraction of chondroitin sulfate with little or no sulfation. However, this distinction is not universally used (Wikipedia ). Chondroitin is a mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. Chondrin is a gelatin-like protein-carbohydrate substance that can be obtained by boiling cartilage in water. Cartilage is a connective tissue that contains cells embedded in a matrix of chondrin. Chondroitin is a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) composed of a chain of alternating sugars (N-acetyl-galactosamine and glucuronic acid). It is usually found attached to proteins as part of a proteoglycan. A chondroitin chain can have over 100 individual sugars, each of which can be sulfated in variable positions and quantities. Chondroitin's functions largely depend on the properties of the overall proteoglycan of which it is a part. These functions can be broadly divided into structural and regulatory roles. However, this division is not absolute and some proteoglycans have both structural and regulatory roles. Chondroitin is an ingredient found commonly in dietary supplements used as an alternative medicine to treat osteoarthritis. It is commonly sold together with glucosamine. The dosage of oral chondroitin used in human clinical trials is 800-1200 mg per day. Most chondroitin appears to be made from extracts of cartilaginous cow and pig tissues (cow trachea and pig ear and nose), but other sources such as shark, fish and bird cartilage are also used. Since chondroitin is not a uniform substance, and is naturally present in a wide variety of forms, the precise composition of each supplement will vary. While it is a prescription or over-the-counter drug in 22 countries, chondroitin is regulated in the U.S. as a food product by the Food and Drug Administration. As a result, there are no mandatory standards for formulation, and no guarantee that the product is correctly labelled.
Structure
Data?1582752145
Synonyms
ValueSource
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranuronosyl-beta-D-galactopyranoseChEBI
beta-D-GlcA-(1->3)-beta-D-galnacChEBI
beta-D-Glucuronosyl-(1->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-beta-D-galactoseChEBI
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-b-D-glucopyranuronosyl-b-D-galactopyranoseGenerator
2-Acetamido-2-deoxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranuronosyl-β-D-galactopyranoseGenerator
b-D-GlcA-(1->3)-b-D-galnacGenerator
Β-D-glca-(1->3)-β-D-galnacGenerator
b-D-Glucuronosyl-(1->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-b-D-galactoseGenerator
Β-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-galactoseGenerator
b-D-GlcpA-(1->3)-b-D-galpnacGenerator
Β-D-glcpa-(1->3)-β-D-galpnacGenerator
N-AcetylchondrosineMeSH
ChondroitinHMDB
Chondroitin-D-glucuronateHMDB
Chemical Formula(C14H21NO11)nH2O
Average Molecular WeightNot Available
Monoisotopic Molecular WeightNot Available
IUPAC NameNot Available
Traditional NameNot Available
CAS Registry Number9007-27-6
SMILES
[H]O[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)C(O)=O)[C@H]1NC(C)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C14H23NO12/c1-3(17)15-5-10(6(18)4(2-16)25-13(5)24)26-14-9(21)7(19)8(20)11(27-14)12(22)23/h4-11,13-14,16,18-21,24H,2H2,1H3,(H,15,17)(H,22,23)/t4-,5-,6+,7+,8+,9-,10-,11+,13-,14-/m1/s1
InChI KeyLJORHONFMDUUHP-YHCGEDBISA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as acylaminosugars. These are organic compounds containing a sugar linked to a chain through N-acyl group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentAcylaminosugars
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Acylaminosugar
  • N-acyl-alpha-hexosamine
  • 1-o-glucuronide
  • O-glucuronide
  • Glucuronic acid or derivatives
  • Disaccharide
  • Glycosyl compound
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Beta-hydroxy acid
  • Hydroxy acid
  • Pyran
  • Oxane
  • Acetamide
  • Carboxamide group
  • Hemiacetal
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Monocarboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Oxacycle
  • Carboxylic acid
  • Carboxylic acid derivative
  • Acetal
  • Polyol
  • Alcohol
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Primary alcohol
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water SolubilityNot AvailableNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility52 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.6ALOGPS
logS-0.53ALOGPS
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M+H]+187.39730932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-185.50930932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-219.00230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+193.00330932474

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Not Available
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Chondroitin GC-MS (TMS_3_47) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2022-08-08Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000b-0009000000-dfbae8cb164cf2a4bc592021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a70-3309000000-6e7a8358f685e9850f222021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-052f-9611000000-2a56acd4c73bad9a21212021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0002-0019000000-7a1949b4f7c0d3a62ba82021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0uka-0596000000-cc72b6e48da60c12ec1a2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Chondroitin 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-00ne-5920000000-4c3ce0c28c68d9a006552021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular LocationsNot Available
Biospecimen LocationsNot Available
Tissue Locations
  • Cartilage
  • Epidermis
  • Fibroblasts
  • Kidney
  • Neuron
  • Placenta
  • Spleen
  • Testis
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
Not Available
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB022150
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID26332083
KEGG Compound IDC00401
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkChondroitin_sulfate
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound14389182
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID16137
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceHallen, Anund; Nasir-Ud-Din; Jeanloz, Roger W. Chemical structure of shark cartilage chondroitin sulfate. Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan (1989), 11(2), 168-77.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Yanagisawa M, Yu RK: The expression and functions of glycoconjugates in neural stem cells. Glycobiology. 2007 Jul;17(7):57R-74R. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed:17307762 ]
  2. Ameye LG, Chee WS: Osteoarthritis and nutrition. From nutraceuticals to functional foods: a systematic review of the scientific evidence. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8(4):R127. [PubMed:16859534 ]
  3. Roughley P, Martens D, Rantakokko J, Alini M, Mwale F, Antoniou J: The involvement of aggrecan polymorphism in degeneration of human intervertebral disc and articular cartilage. Eur Cell Mater. 2006 Jan 18;11:1-7; discussion 7. [PubMed:16425147 ]
  4. Tan AM, Zhang W, Levine JM: NG2: a component of the glial scar that inhibits axon growth. J Anat. 2005 Dec;207(6):717-25. [PubMed:16367799 ]
  5. Polito A, Reynolds R: NG2-expressing cells as oligodendrocyte progenitors in the normal and demyelinated adult central nervous system. J Anat. 2005 Dec;207(6):707-16. [PubMed:16367798 ]
  6. Butt AM, Hamilton N, Hubbard P, Pugh M, Ibrahim M: Synantocytes: the fifth element. J Anat. 2005 Dec;207(6):695-706. [PubMed:16367797 ]
  7. Nishiyama A, Yang Z, Butt A: Astrocytes and NG2-glia: what's in a name? J Anat. 2005 Dec;207(6):687-93. [PubMed:16367796 ]
  8. Simanek V, Kren V, Ulrichova J, Gallo J: The efficacy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of osteoarthritis: are these saccharides drugs or nutraceuticals? Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub. 2005 Jun;149(1):51-6. [PubMed:16170388 ]
  9. Tkachenko E, Rhodes JM, Simons M: Syndecans: new kids on the signaling block. Circ Res. 2005 Mar 18;96(5):488-500. [PubMed:15774861 ]
  10. Davenport G: Rheumatology and musculoskeletal medicine. Br J Gen Pract. 2004 Jun;54(503):457-64. [PubMed:15186570 ]
  11. Rhodes KE, Fawcett JW: Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans: preventing plasticity or protecting the CNS? J Anat. 2004 Jan;204(1):33-48. [PubMed:14690476 ]
  12. Waddington RJ, Roberts HC, Sugars RV, Schonherr E: Differential roles for small leucine-rich proteoglycans in bone formation. Eur Cell Mater. 2003 Oct 6;6:12-21; discussion 21. [PubMed:14562268 ]
  13. Murakami T, Ohtsuka A: Perisynaptic barrier of proteoglycans in the mature brain and spinal cord. Arch Histol Cytol. 2003 Aug;66(3):195-207. [PubMed:14527161 ]
  14. Fries E, Kaczmarczyk A: Inter-alpha-inhibitor, hyaluronan and inflammation. Acta Biochim Pol. 2003;50(3):735-42. [PubMed:14515153 ]
  15. Tobacman JK: Does deficiency of arylsulfatase B have a role in cystic fibrosis? Chest. 2003 Jun;123(6):2130-9. [PubMed:12796199 ]
  16. Cavalcante LA, Garcia-Abreu J, Moura Neto V, Silva LC, Weissmuller G: Modulators of axonal growth and guidance at the brain midline with special reference to glial heparan sulfate proteoglycans. An Acad Bras Cienc. 2002 Dec;74(4):691-716. Epub 2003 Jan 24. [PubMed:12563418 ]
  17. Morelli V, Naquin C, Weaver V: Alternative therapies for traditional disease states: osteoarthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Jan 15;67(2):339-44. [PubMed:12562155 ]
  18. Parcell S: Sulfur in human nutrition and applications in medicine. Altern Med Rev. 2002 Feb;7(1):22-44. [PubMed:11896744 ]
  19. Embery G, Hall R, Waddington R, Septier D, Goldberg M: Proteoglycans in dentinogenesis. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2001;12(4):331-49. [PubMed:11603505 ]
  20. McAlindon TE, LaValley MP, Gulin JP, Felson DT: Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2000 Mar 15;283(11):1469-75. [PubMed:10732937 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues in desulfated dermatan sulfate. Preferentially sulfates in GlcA->GalNAc unit than in IdoA->GalNAc unit. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.
Gene Name:
CHST11
Uniprot ID:
Q9NPF2
Molecular weight:
41002.97
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Chondroitin → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfatedetails
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Can also sulfate Gal residues of keratan sulfate, another glycosaminoglycan, and the Gal residues in sialyl N-acetyllactosamine (sialyl LacNAc) oligosaccharides. May play a role in the maintenance of naive T-lymphocytes in the spleen.
Gene Name:
CHST3
Uniprot ID:
Q7LGC8
Molecular weight:
54705.5
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Chondroitin → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + Chondroitin 6-sulfatedetails
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Transfers sulfate to the C4 hydroxyl of beta1,4-linked GalNAc that is substituted with a beta-linked glucuronic acid at the C-3 hydroxyl. No activity toward dermatan.
Gene Name:
CHST13
Uniprot ID:
Q8NET6
Molecular weight:
38919.34
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Chondroitin → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfatedetails
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Catalyzes the transfer of sulfate to position 4 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin and desulfated dermatan sulfate. Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many cells and extracellular matrices. Activity toward partially desulfated dermatan sulfate is however lower. Does not form 4, 6-di-O-sulfated GalNAc when chondroitin sulfate C is used as an acceptor.
Gene Name:
CHST12
Uniprot ID:
Q9NRB3
Molecular weight:
48413.945
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Chondroitin → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + chondroitin 4'-sulfatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
ARSB
Uniprot ID:
P15848
Molecular weight:
Not Available
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that utilizes 3'-phospho-5'-adenylyl sulfate (PAPS) as sulfonate donor to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of non-reducing N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) residues. Preferentially acts on mannose-linked GlcNAc. Also able to catalyze the transfer of sulfate to position 6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) residue of chondroitin. Also acts on core 2 mucin-type oligosaccharide and N-acetyllactosamine oligomer with a lower efficiency. Has weak or no activity toward keratan sulfate and oligosaccharides containing the Galbeta1-4GlcNAc. Catalyzes 6-O-sulfation of beta-benzyl GlcNAc but not alpha- or beta-benzyl GalNAc.
Gene Name:
CHST7
Uniprot ID:
Q9NS84
Molecular weight:
54265.635
Reactions
Phosphoadenosine phosphosulfate + Chondroitin → Adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate + Chondroitin 6-sulfatedetails
General function:
Involved in galactosylgalactosylxylosylprotein 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Glycosaminoglycans biosynthesis. Involved in forming the linkage tetrasaccharide present in heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Transfers a glucuronic acid moiety from the uridine diphosphate-glucuronic acid (UDP-GlcUA) to the common linkage region trisaccharide Gal-beta-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-Xyl covalently bound to a Ser residue at the glycosaminylglycan attachment site of proteoglycans. Can also play a role in the biosynthesis of l2/HNK-1 carbohydrate epitope on glycoproteins. Shows strict specificity for Gal-beta-1,3-Gal-beta-1,4-Xyl, exhibiting negligible incorporation into other galactoside substrates including Galbeta1-3Gal beta1-O-benzyl, Galbeta1-4GlcNAc and Galbeta1-4Glc.
Gene Name:
B3GAT3
Uniprot ID:
O94766
Molecular weight:
37121.52
General function:
Involved in sugar binding
Specific function:
May modulate neuronal adhesion and neurite growth during development by binding to neural cell adhesion molecules (NG-CAM and N-CAM). Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan; binds to hyaluronic acid
Gene Name:
NCAN
Uniprot ID:
O14594
Molecular weight:
143092.1
General function:
Involved in galactosyltransferase activity
Specific function:
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase that transfers galactose from UDP-galactose to substrates with a terminal beta-linked galactose residue. Has a preference for galactose-beta-1,4-xylose that is found in the linker region of glycosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate. Has no activity towards substrates with terminal glucosamine or galactosamine residues.
Gene Name:
B3GALT6
Uniprot ID:
Q96L58
Molecular weight:
37137.08
General function:
Involved in sulfotransferase activity
Specific function:
Sulfotransferase that transfers sulfate from 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the C-6 hydroxyl group of the GalNAc 4-sulfate residue of chondroitin sulfate A and forms chondroitin sulfate E containing GlcA-GalNAc(4,6-SO(4)) repeating units. It also transfers sulfate to a unique non-reducing terminal sequence, GalNAc(4SO4)-GlcA(2SO4)-GalNAc(6SO4), to yield a highly sulfated structure similar to the structure found in thrombomodulin chondroitin sulfate. May also act as a B-cell receptor involved in BCR ligation-mediated early activation that mediate regulatory signals key to B-cell development and/or regulation of B-cell-specific RAG expression; however such results are unclear in vivo.
Gene Name:
CHST15
Uniprot ID:
Q7LFX5
Molecular weight:
64925.66

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 14 proteins in total.