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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:15:02 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0000660
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB00660
Metabolite Identification
Common NameD-Fructose
DescriptionFructose, or levulose, is a levorotatory monosaccharide and an isomer of glucose (C6H12O6). Pure fructose has a sweet taste similar to cane sugar, but with a "fruity" aroma. Pure, dry fructose is a sweet, white, odorless, crystalline solid, and is the most water-soluble of all the sugars. Although fructose is a hexose (6-carbon sugar), it generally exists as a 5-member hemiketal ring (a furanose). This structure is responsible for the long metabolic pathway and high reactivity compared to glucose. Fructose is a reducing sugar, as are all monosaccharides. Fructose is found in many foods including honey, tree fruits, berries, melons, and some root vegetables, such as beets, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and onions. Commercially, fructose is derived from sugar cane, sugar beets, and maize. Fructose is also derived from the digestion of sucrose, a disaccharide consisting of glucose and fructose that is broken down by enzymes during digestion. Fructose is the sweetest naturally occurring sugar, estimated to be twice as sweet as sucrose. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding. Excessive consumption of fructose (especially from sugar-sweetened beverages) may contribute to insulin resistance, obesity, elevated LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, leading to metabolic syndrome (PMID: 26429086 ). Fructose exists in foods either as a monosaccharide (free fructose) or as a unit of a disaccharide (sucrose). Free fructose is absorbed directly by the intestine. When fructose is consumed in the form of sucrose, it is digested (broken down) and then absorbed as free fructose. As sucrose comes into contact with the membrane of the small intestine, the enzyme sucrase catalyzes the cleavage of sucrose to yield one glucose unit and one fructose unit, which are then each absorbed. After absorption, it enters the hepatic portal vein and is directed toward the liver. fructose absorption occurs on the mucosal membrane via facilitated transport involving GLUT5 transport proteins. Since the concentration of fructose is higher in the lumen, fructose is able to flow down a concentration gradient into the enterocytes, assisted by transport proteins. Fructose may be transported out of the enterocyte across the basolateral membrane by either GLUT2 or GLUT5, although the GLUT2 transporter has a greater capacity for transporting fructose, and, therefore, the majority of fructose is transported out of the enterocyte through GLUT2. The catabolism of fructose is sometimes referred to as fructolysis. In fructolysis, the enzyme fructokinase produces fructose 1-phosphate, which is split by aldolase B to produce the trioses dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glyceraldehyde. Unlike glycolysis, in fructolysis the triose glyceraldehyde lacks a phosphate group. A third enzyme, triokinase, is therefore required to phosphorylate glyceraldehyde, producing glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. The resulting trioses can enter the gluconeogenic pathway for glucose or glycogen synthesis, or be further catabolized through the lower glycolytic pathway to pyruvate. Fructose metabolism leads to significant increases of plasma uric acid levels (PMID: 28420204 ). In fructolysis, fructose 1-phosphate accumulates, and intracellular phosphate decreases. This decrease stimulates AMP deaminase (AMPD), which catalyzes the degradation of AMP to inosine monophosphate, increasing the rate of purine degradation (PMID: 28420204 ). The purine degradation produces uric acid and generates mitochondrial oxidants. Mitochondrial oxidative stress then induces aconitase inhibition in the Krebs cycle, with accumulation of citrate and stimulation of ATP citrate lyase and fatty acid synthase (PMID: 28420204 ). The result is de novo lipogenesis and hepatic fat accumulation. Physiologically, the increase in intracellular uric acid is followed by an acute rise in circulating levels of uric acid, which is likely due to its release from the liver. Fructose also stimulates uric acid synthesis from amino acid precursors such as glycine. Moreover, long-term fructose administration suppresses renal excretion of uric acid, resulting in elevated serum uric acid levels.
Structure
Data?1676999702
Synonyms
ValueSource
beta-D-Arabino-hexuloseChEBI
beta-D-FructoseChEBI
beta-Fruit sugarChEBI
beta-LevuloseChEBI
FRUCTOSEChEBI
b-D-Arabino-hexuloseGenerator
Β-D-arabino-hexuloseGenerator
b-D-FructoseGenerator
Β-D-fructoseGenerator
b-Fruit sugarGenerator
Β-fruit sugarGenerator
b-LevuloseGenerator
Β-levuloseGenerator
beta-D-FructofuranoseHMDB
beta-delta-Arabino-hexuloseHMDB
beta-delta-FructofuranoseHMDB
beta-delta-FructoseHMDB
D-(-)-FructoseHMDB
delta-(-)-FructoseHMDB
delta-FructoseHMDB
FRUHMDB
FructonHMDB
LevuloseHMDB
Braun brand OF fructoseHMDB
Fleboplast levulosaHMDB
Fresenius kabi brand OF fructoseHMDB
Instituto farmacologico brand OF fructoseHMDB
LevulosaHMDB
Levulosa ifeHMDB
Grifols brand OF fructoseHMDB
Levulosa baxterHMDB
Levulosado braunHMDB
Ern brand OF fructoseHMDB
Levulosa grifolsHMDB
Levulosa meinHMDB
Levulosado vituliaHMDB
Apir levulosaHMDB
Baxter brand OF fructoseHMDB
Bieffe brand OF fructoseHMDB
Levulosa braunHMDB
Levulosa ibysHMDB
Levulosa, apirHMDB
Levulosa, fleboplastHMDB
Levulosado bieffe meditHMDB
Plast apyr levulosa meinHMDB
Chemical FormulaC6H12O6
Average Molecular Weight180.1559
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight180.063388116
IUPAC Name(2R,3S,4S,5R)-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-2,3,4-triol
Traditional Namefructose
CAS Registry Number53188-23-1
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-3-4(9)5(10)6(11,2-8)12-3/h3-5,7-11H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5+,6-/m1/s1
InChI KeyRFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as c-glycosyl compounds. These are glycoside in which a sugar group is bonded through one carbon to another group via a C-glycosidic bond.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentC-glycosyl compounds
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • C-glycosyl compound
  • Pentose monosaccharide
  • Monosaccharide
  • Tetrahydrofuran
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point119 - 122 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility778 mg/mL at 20 °CYALKOWSKY,SH & DANNENFELSER,RM (1992)
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_test_neg129.530932474
[M-H]-Astarita_neg135.330932474
[M-H]-Not Available129.5http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000413
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility1110 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.4ALOGPS
logP-2.8ChemAxon
logS0.79ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)10.28ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count5ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area110.38 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count2ChemAxon
Refractivity36.36 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability16.26 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings1ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+140.42631661259
DarkChem[M-H]-133.24831661259
AllCCS[M+H]+140.24232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.73532859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+137.27430932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-134.93330932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-169.37230932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+143.63230932474
AllCCS[M+H]+140.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+136.132859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+144.132859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+145.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-131.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-132.732859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-133.932859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
D-FructoseOC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O3390.8Standard polar33892256
D-FructoseOC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1867.2Standard non polar33892256
D-FructoseOC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1643.6Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
D-Fructose,1TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1703.6Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)O[C@]1(CO)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1765.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1697.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)CO1741.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O[C@@H]1CO1710.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1788.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #10C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)CO1748.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1761.0Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1769.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1742.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1777.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #6C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO1779.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #7C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[Si](C)(C)C1783.9Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #8C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1755.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TMS,isomer #9C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1766.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1819.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #10C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1778.1Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1818.0Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1813.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1801.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1788.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #6C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1770.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #7C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1819.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #8C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1802.3Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TMS,isomer #9C[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[Si](C)(C)C1790.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O1794.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TMS,isomer #2C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1787.6Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TMS,isomer #3C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1778.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TMS,isomer #4C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1765.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TMS,isomer #5C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1784.1Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,5TMS,isomer #1C[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C1838.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1933.1Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@]1(CO)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1988.6Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O1939.3Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)CO1955.3Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,1TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@](O)(CO)O[C@@H]1CO1940.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O2228.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #10CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@]1(O)CO2210.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O2201.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2213.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2189.9Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O2218.9Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #6CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@@H]1CO2231.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #7CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2232.1Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #8CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2207.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,2TBDMS,isomer #9CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2214.3Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O2473.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #10CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2480.0Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2489.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2491.3Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2480.8Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2466.9Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #6CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2471.4Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #7CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2485.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #8CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2479.7Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,3TBDMS,isomer #9CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)O[C@H]1[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2481.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O2718.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2731.6Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TBDMS,isomer #3CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2715.2Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TBDMS,isomer #4CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2713.5Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,4TBDMS,isomer #5CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@@]1(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2708.9Semi standard non polar33892256
D-Fructose,5TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)(C)[Si](C)(C)OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)(O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@@H]1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2919.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-076r-9600000000-f2c06850d0c3db9ec1032017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (5 TMS) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0fb9-5614950000-6ef14e948d063026f7ee2017-10-06Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - D-Fructose GC-MS (TMS_3_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-0002-0900000000-2ce9036c30158be73d602012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-00ri-9600000000-a826b29724713036f5792012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-007a-9200000000-7621d8d96132cc999f4c2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose LC-ESI-QTOF 10V, negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-f40ae4502b6a2e3ac8822020-07-21HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose LC-ESI-QTOF 20V, negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-a6de82c4270a43535ef42020-07-21HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose LC-ESI-QTOF 40V, negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-f9fa2c446096028a62b82020-07-21HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-000i-9000000000-f40ae4502b6a2e3ac8822021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-a6de82c4270a43535ef42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00di-9000000000-f9fa2c446096028a62b82021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-2afc98a319bf6041adf02017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03ea-3900000000-1dd0cdea93f529e6ccb22017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0007-9100000000-d0f08ad6c9dee008067a2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004i-2900000000-74b62c8ea3678afcff8a2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ta-1900000000-5a0f3f01ddf8c11c63702017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9000000000-93c2b00aa44481aa86302017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-056r-9800000000-b033c19e1db6b17bf7cf2021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9500000000-01306ef5e3c5a271dfb22021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4l-9000000000-4e87bfc49b16641330532021-09-23Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0900000000-6aefe19f3e63c1b3fbef2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03gm-9500000000-d2f178dbda765758ef3d2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - D-Fructose 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0btd-9000000000-62631cc26542b523e7d72021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, H2O, experimental)2021-10-10Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Extracellular
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Feces
  • Saliva
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
  • Semen
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified31.0 +/- 3.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
BloodDetected and Quantified48.0 +/- 16.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)MaleNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified240.0 (220.0 -260.0) uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal
    • Geigy Scientific ...
details
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)Detected and Quantified160 +/- 91 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot SpecifiedNot Specified
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedInfant (0-1 year old)Both
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Male
Normal
details
SalivaDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
    • Zerihun T. Dame, ...
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified129.518 +/- 61.708 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Normal
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
UrineDetected and Quantified70.38 +/- 107.54 umol/mmol creatinineInfant (0-1 year old)Not SpecifiedNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified12.00 +/- 3.8 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothDiabetes details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified8.4 +/- 7.0 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothDiabetes details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothBladder cancer details
UrineDetected and Quantified94.126 +/- 154.083 umol/mmol creatinineChildren (1 - 13 years old)Not Specified
Eosinophilic esophagitis
    • Analysis of 30 no...
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Phua LC, Chue XP, Koh PK, Cheah PY, Ho HK, Chan EC: Non-invasive fecal metabonomic detection of colorectal cancer. Cancer Biol Ther. 2014 Apr;15(4):389-97. doi: 10.4161/cbt.27625. Epub 2014 Jan 14. [PubMed:24424155 ]
  2. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  3. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  4. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Diabetes mellitus type 2
  1. Kawasaki T, Akanuma H, Yamanouchi T: Increased fructose concentrations in blood and urine in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002 Feb;25(2):353-7. [PubMed:11815509 ]
Eosinophilic esophagitis
  1. Slae, M., Huynh, H., Wishart, D.S. (2014). Analysis of 30 normal pediatric urine samples via NMR spectroscopy (unpublished work). NA.
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB031286
KNApSAcK IDC00001117
Chemspider ID388775
KEGG Compound IDC02336
BioCyc IDBETA-D-FRUCTOSE
BiGG ID33835
Wikipedia LinkFructose
METLIN ID135
PubChem Compound439709
PDB IDFRU
ChEBI ID28645
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDFRU
MarkerDB IDMDB00000210
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceLiu, Hong; Han, Dong; Meng, Xiang-bao; Li, Zhong-jun. Improved synthesis of fructose-derived 1,3,4-oxadiazole as novel antitumor agents. Journal of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences (2005), 14(4), 209-212.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Vicari E, La Vignera S, Castiglione R, Calogero AE: Sperm parameter abnormalities, low seminal fructose and reactive oxygen species overproduction do not discriminate patients with unilateral or bilateral post-infectious inflammatory prostato-vesiculo-epididymitis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2006 Jan;29(1):18-25. [PubMed:16553029 ]
  3. Bar A: Characteristics and significance of D-tagatose-induced liver enlargement in rats: An interpretative review. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol. 1999 Apr;29(2 Pt 2):S83-93. [PubMed:10341166 ]
  4. Andrade-Rocha FT: Semen analysis in an infertile man with seminal vesicles cysts associated with ipsilateral renal agenesis. Int Urol Nephrol. 2006;38(1):101-3. [PubMed:16502061 ]
  5. Andrade-Rocha FT: Seminal fructose levels in male infertility: relationship with sperm characteristics. Int Urol Nephrol. 1999;31(1):107-11. [PubMed:10408311 ]
  6. Gonzales GF, Villena A: True corrected seminal fructose level: a better marker of the function of seminal vesicles in infertile men. Int J Androl. 2001 Oct;24(5):255-60. [PubMed:11554981 ]
  7. Buemann B, Gesmar H, Astrup A, Quistorff B: Effects of oral D-tagatose, a stereoisomer of D-fructose, on liver metabolism in man as examined by 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolism. 2000 Oct;49(10):1335-9. [PubMed:11079825 ]
  8. Koca Y, Ozdal OL, Celik M, Unal S, Balaban N: Antioxidant activity of seminal plasma in fertile and infertile men. Arch Androl. 2003 Sep-Oct;49(5):355-9. [PubMed:12893512 ]
  9. Williams AC, Ford WC: The role of glucose in supporting motility and capacitation in human spermatozoa. J Androl. 2001 Jul-Aug;22(4):680-95. [PubMed:11451366 ]
  10. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]
  11. Malik VS, Hu FB: Fructose and Cardiometabolic Health: What the Evidence From Sugar-Sweetened Beverages Tells Us. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015 Oct 6;66(14):1615-1624. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2015.08.025. [PubMed:26429086 ]
  12. Caliceti C, Calabria D, Roda A, Cicero AFG: Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review. Nutrients. 2017 Apr 18;9(4). pii: nu9040395. doi: 10.3390/nu9040395. [PubMed:28420204 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 15 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HK3
Uniprot ID:
P52790
Molecular weight:
99024.56
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HK2
Uniprot ID:
P52789
Molecular weight:
102379.06
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
HK1
Uniprot ID:
P19367
Molecular weight:
102485.1
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + Beta-D-Fructose 6-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Plays an important role in the final stage of carbohydrate digestion. Isomaltase activity is specific for both alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-oligosaccharides.
Gene Name:
SI
Uniprot ID:
P14410
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
Neohancoside D + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Neohancoside D + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in zinc ion binding
Specific function:
Converts sorbitol to fructose. Part of the polyol pathway that plays an important role in sperm physiology. May play a role in the sperm motility by providing an energetic source for sperm (By similarity).
Gene Name:
SORD
Uniprot ID:
Q00796
Molecular weight:
38324.25
Reactions
Sorbitol + NAD → D-Fructose + NADH + Hydrogen Iondetails
General function:
Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Specific function:
Not Available
Gene Name:
KHK
Uniprot ID:
P50053
Molecular weight:
32730.055
Reactions
Adenosine triphosphate + D-Fructose → ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphatedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Essential for the degradation of glygogen to glucose in lysosomes.
Gene Name:
GAA
Uniprot ID:
P10253
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
May serve as an alternate pathway for starch digestion when luminal alpha-amylase activity is reduced because of immaturity or malnutrition. May play a unique role in the digestion of malted dietary oligosaccharides used in food manufacturing.
Gene Name:
MGAM
Uniprot ID:
O43451
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
Neohancoside D + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Neohancoside D + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in catalytic activity
Specific function:
Has alpha-glucosidase activity.
Gene Name:
GANC
Uniprot ID:
Q8TET4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + D-Glucosedetails
Sucrose + Water → D-Fructose + alpha-D-Glucosedetails
General function:
Involved in phosphohistidine phosphatase activity
Specific function:
Exhibits phosphohistidine phosphatase activity.
Gene Name:
PHPT1
Uniprot ID:
Q9NRX4
Molecular weight:
Not Available
Reactions
Beta-D-Fructose 2-phosphate + Water → D-Fructose + Phosphatedetails

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 15 proteins in total.