1. (+-)-homocysteine
2. (S)-2-amino-4-mercapto-Butanoic acid
3. 2-Amino-4-mercaptobutyric acid
4. 2-amino-4-mercapto-Butanoic acid
5. 2-amino-4-mercapto-Butyric acid
6. 2-amino-4-mercapto-DL-Butyrate
7. 2-amino-4-mercapto-DL-Butyric acid
8. 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoic acid
9. D,l-homocysteine
10. DL-2-Amino-4-mercaptobutyric acid
11. DL-2-amino-4-mercapto-Butyric acid
12. DL-Homocysteine
13. DL-homocysteine (free base)
14. HCY
15. Homo-CYS
16. L-2-amino-4-mercapto-Butyric acid
17. L-Homocysteine
18. Usaf B-12
19. homocysteine
20. (S)-2-amino-4-mercapto-Butanoate
21. 2-amino-4-mercapto-Butanoate
22. 2-amino-4-sulfanylbutanoate

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 104300 (Alzheimer's disease)
• 105400 (Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis)
• 123400 (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease)
• 167320 (Dementia)
• 236200 (Homocystinuria)
• 126200 (Multiple sclerosis)
• 168600 (Parkinson's disease)
• 603903 (Sickle cell anemia)
• 540000 (Stroke)

1. Yu CK, Lakasing L, Papageorghiou AT, Spencer K, Nicolaides KH: Uterine artery Doppler and mid-trimester maternal plasma homocysteine in subsequent pre-eclampsia. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2004 Aug;16(2):134-9. [PubMed ]
2. Giladi N, Mordechovich M, Gruendlinger L, Shabtai H, Merims D, Naor S, Baltadzhieva R, Hausdorff JM, Gur AY, Bornstein NM: "Brain Screen": A self-referral, screening program for strokes, falls and dementia risk factors. J Neurol. 2006 Mar;253(3):307-15. Epub 2005 Oct 10. [PubMed ]
3. Terzolo M, Allasino B, Bosio S, Brusa E, Daffara F, Ventura M, Aroasio E, Sacchetto G, Reimondo G, Angeli A, Camaschella C: Hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Aug;89(8):3745-51. [PubMed ]
4. Laxdal E, Eide GE, Amundsen SR, Dregelid EB, Pedersen G, Jonung T, Aune S: Homocysteine levels, haemostatic risk factors and restenosis after carotid thrombendarterectomy. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2004 Sep;28(3):323-8. [PubMed ]
5. Akoglu B, Wondra K, Caspary WF, Faust D: Determinants of fasting total serum homocysteine levels in liver transplant recipients. Exp Clin Transplant. 2006 Jun;4(1):462-6. [PubMed ]
6. Krantz JS, Mack WJ, Hodis HN, Liu CR, Liu CH, Kaufman FR: Early onset of subclinical atherosclerosis in young persons with type 1 diabetes. J Pediatr. 2004 Oct;145(4):452-7. [PubMed ]
7. Selley ML, Close DR, Stern SE: The effect of increased concentrations of homocysteine on the concentration of (E)-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2002 May-Jun;23(3):383-8. [PubMed ]
8. Serot JM, Barbe F, Arning E, Bottiglieri T, Franck P, Montagne P, Nicolas JP: Homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid: relation with age and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2005 Nov;76(11):1585-7. [PubMed ]
9. Hershcovici T, Schechner V, Orlin J, Harell D, Beigel Y: Effect of different LDL-apheresis methods on parameters involved in atherosclerosis. J Clin Apher. 2004;19(2):90-7. [PubMed ]
10. Muller T, Renger K, Kuhn W: Levodopa-associated increase of homocysteine levels and sural axonal neurodegeneration. Arch Neurol. 2004 May;61(5):657-60. [PubMed ]
11. Eskes TK: Homocysteine and human reproduction. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2000;27(3-4):157-67. [PubMed ]
12. Winkelmayer WC, Kramar R, Curhan GC, Chandraker A, Endler G, Fodinger M, Horl WH, Sunder-Plassmann G: Fasting plasma total homocysteine levels and mortality and allograft loss in kidney transplant recipients: a prospective study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2005 Jan;16(1):255-60. Epub 2004 Nov 24. [PubMed ]
13. Park BH, Kim YJ, Park JS, Lee HY, Ha EH, Min JW, Park HS: [Folate and homocysteine levels during pregnancy affect DNA methylation in human placenta] J Prev Med Pub Health. 2005 Nov;38(4):437-42. [PubMed ]
14. Hossain GS, van Thienen JV, Werstuck GH, Zhou J, Sood SK, Dickhout JG, de Koning AB, Tang D, Wu D, Falk E, Poddar R, Jacobsen DW, Zhang K, Kaufman RJ, Austin RC: TDAG51 is induced by homocysteine, promotes detachment-mediated programmed cell death, and contributes to the cevelopment of atherosclerosis in hyperhomocysteinemia. J Biol Chem. 2003 Aug 8;278(32):30317-27. Epub 2003 May 8. [PubMed ]
15. Schafer SA, Mussig K, Stefan N, Haring HU, Fritsche A, Balletshofer BM: Plasma homocysteine concentrations in young individuals at increased risk of type 2 diabetes are associated with subtle differences in glomerular filtration rate but not with insulin resistance. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes. 2006 Jun;114(6):306-9. [PubMed ]
16. Tchantchou F: Homocysteine increase folate oxidative brain homocysteine metabolism and various consequences of folate deficiency. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006 Aug;9(4):421-7. [PubMed ]
17. Siroka R, Trefil L, Rajdl D, Racek J, Rusnakova H, Cibulka R, Eiselt J, Filipovsky J: Asymmetric dimethylarginine, homocysteine and renal function--is there a relation? Clin Chem Lab Med. 2005;43(10):1147-50. [PubMed ]
18. Onalan R, Onalan G, Gunenc Z, Karabulut E: Combining 2nd-trimester maternal serum homocysteine levels and uterine artery Doppler for prediction of preeclampsia and isolated intrauterine growth restriction. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 2006;61(3):142-8. Epub 2005 Dec 20. [PubMed ]
19. Robinson G, Narasimhan S, Weatherall M, Beasley R: Raised plasma homocysteine levels in alcoholism: increasing the risk of heart disease and dementia? N Z Med J. 2005 Jun 3;118(1216):U1490. [PubMed ]
20. Gulsen M, Yesilova Z, Bagci S, Uygun A, Ozcan A, Ercin CN, Erdil A, Sanisoglu SY, Cakir E, Ates Y, Erbil MK, Karaeren N, Dagalp K: Elevated plasma homocysteine concentrations as a predictor of steatohepatitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005 Sep;20(9):1448-55. [PubMed ]
21. Wikipedia

1. Methionine synthase
2. Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 1
3. Putative adenosylhomocysteinase 3
4. Adenosylhomocysteinase
5. Putative adenosylhomocysteinase 2
6. Cystathionine beta-synthase
7. Betaine--homocysteine S-methyltransferase 2
8. cDNA FLJ76252, highly similar to Homo sapiens S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

1. 5-methyltetrahydrofolate--homocysteine methyltransferase
2. Vitamin-B12 dependent methionine synthase
3. MS

MSPALQDLSQPEGLKKTLRDEINAILQKRIMVLDGGMGTMIQREKLNEEHFRGQEFKDHA
RPLKGNNDILSITQPDVIYQIHKEYLLAGADIIETNTFSSTSIAQADYGLEHLAYRMNMC
SAGVARKAAEEVTLQTGIKRFVAGALGPTNKTLSVSPSVERPDYRNITFDELVEAYQEQA
KGLLDGGVDILLIETIFDTANAKAALFALQNLFEEKYAPRPIFISGTIVDKSGRTLSGQT
GEGFVISVSHGEPLCIGLNCALGAAEMRPFIEIIGKCTTAYVLCYPNAGLPNTFGDYDET
PSMMAKHLKDFAMDGLVNIVGGCCGSTPDHIREIAEAVKNCKPRVPPATAFEGHMLLSGL
EPFRIGPYTNFVNIGERCNVAGSRKFAKLIMAGNYEEALCVAKVQVEMGAQVLDVNMDDG
MLDGPSAMTRFCNLIASEPDIAKVPLCIDSSNFAVIEAGLKCCQGKCIVNSISLKEGEDD
FLEKARKIKKYGAAMVVMAFDEEGQATETDTKIRVCTRAYHLLVKKLGFNPNDIIFDPNI
LTIGTGMEEHNLYAINFIHATKVIKETLPGARISGGLSNLSFSFRGMEAIREAMHGVFLY
HAIKSGMDMGIVNAGNLPVYDDIHKELLQLCEDLIWNKDPEATEKLLRYAQTQGTGGKKV
IQTDEWRNGPVEERLEYALVKGIEKHIIEDTEEARLNQKKYPRPLNIIEGPLMNGMKIVG
DLFGAGKMFLPQVIKSARVMKKAVGHLIPFMEKEREETRVLNGTVEEEDPYQGTIVLATV
KGDVHDIGKNIVGVVLGCNNFRVIDLGVMTPCDKILKAALDHKADIIGLSGLITPSLDEM
IFVAKEMERLAIRIPLLIGGATTSKTHTAVKIAPRYSAPVIHVLDASKSVVVCSQLLDEN
LKDEYFEEIMEEYEDIRQDHYESLKERRYLPLSQARKSGFQMDWLSEPHPVKPTFIGTQV
FEDYDLQKLVDYIDWKPFFDVWQLRGKYPNRGFPKIFNDKTVGGEARKVYDDAHNMLNTL
ISQKKLRARGVVGFWPAQSIQDDIHLYAEAAVPQAAEPIATFYGLRQQAEKDSASTEPYY
CLSDFIAPLHSGIRDYLGLFAVACFGVEELSKAYEDDGDDYSSIMVKALGDRLAEAFAEE
LHERVRRELWAYCGSEQLDVADLRRLRYKGIRPAPGYPSQPDHTEKLTMWRLADIEQSTG
IRLTESLAMAPASAVSGLYFSNLKSKYFAVGKISKDQVEDYALRKNISVAEVEKWLGPIL
GYDTD

• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• One Carbon Pool By Folate (map00670 )

• 5-methyltetrahydrofolate + L-homocysteine = tetrahydrofolate + L-methionine [RN:R00946]

• B12-binding (PF02310 )
• B12-binding_2 (PF02607 )
• Met_synt_B12 (PF02965 )
• Pterin_bind (PF00809 )
• S-methyl_trans (PF02574 )

• None

• None

ATGTCACCCGCGCTCCAAGACCTGTCGCAACCCGAAGGTCTGAAGAAAACCCTGCGGGAT
GAGATCAATGCCATTCTGCAGAAGAGGATTATGGTGCTGGATGGAGGGATGGGGACCATG
ATCCAGCGGGAGAAGCTAAACGAAGAACACTTCCGAGGTCAGGAATTTAAAGATCATGCC
AGGCCGCTGAAAGGCAACAATGACATTTTAAGTATAACTCAGCCTGATGTCATTTACCAA
ATCCATAAGGAATACTTGCTGGCTGGGGCAGATATCATTGAAACAAATACTTTTAGCAGC
ACTAGTATTGCCCAAGCTGACTATGGCCTTGAACACTTGGCCTACCGGATGAACATGTGC
TCTGCAGGAGTGGCCAGAAAAGCTGCCGAGGAGGTAACTCTCCAGACAGGAATTAAGAGG
TTTGTGGCAGGGGCTCTGGGTCCGACTAATAAGACACTCTCTGTGTCCCCATCTGTGGAA
AGGCCGGATTATAGGAACATCACATTTGATGAGCTTGTTGAAGCATACCAAGAGCAGGCC
AAAGGACTTCTGGATGGCGGGGTTGATATCTTACTCATTGAAACTATTTTTGATACTGCC
AATGCCAAGGCAGCCTTGTTTGCACTCCAAAATCTTTTTGAGGAGAAATATGCTCCCCGG
CCTATCTTTATTTCAGGGACGATCGTTGATAAAAGTGGGCGGACTCTTTCCGGACAGACA
GGAGAGGGATTTGTCATCAGCGTGTCTCATGGAGAACCACTCTGCATTGGATTAAATTGT
GCTTTGGGTGCAGCTGAGATGAGACCTTTTATTGAAATAATTGGAAAATGTACAACAGCC
TATGTCCTCTGTTATCCCAATGCAGGTCTTCCCAACACCTTTGGTGACTATGATGAAACG
CCTTCTATGATGGCCAAGCACCTAAAGGATTTTGCTATGGATGGCTTGGTCAATATAGTT
GGAGGATGCTGTGGGTCAACACCAGATCATATCAGGGAAATTGCTGAAGCTGTGAAAAAT
TGTAAGCCTAGAGTTCCACCTGCCACTGCTTTTGAAGGACATATGTTACTGTCTGGTCTA
GAGCCCTTCAGGATTGGACCGTACACCAACTTTGTTAACATTGGAGAGCGCTGTAATGTT
GCAGGATCAAGGAAGTTTGCTAAACTCATCATGGCAGGAAACTATGAAGAAGCCTTGTGT
GTTGCCAAAGTGCAGGTGGAAATGGGAGCCCAGGTGTTGGATGTCAACATGGATGATGGC
ATGCTAGATGGTCCAAGTGCAATGACCAGATTTTGCAACTTAATTGCTTCCGAGCCAGAC
ATCGCAAAGGTACCTTTGTGCATCGACTCCTCCAATTTTGCTGTGATTGAAGCTGGGTTA
AAGTGCTGCCAAGGGAAGTGCATTGTCAATAGCATTAGTCTGAAGGAAGGAGAGGACGAC
TTCTTGGAGAAGGCCAGGAAGATTAAAAAGTATGGAGCTGCTATGGTGGTCATGGCTTTT
GATGAAGAAGGACAGGCAACAGAAACAGACACAAAAATCAGAGTGTGCACCCGGGCCTAC
CATCTGCTTGTGAAAAAACTGGGCTTTAATCCAAATGACATTATTTTTGACCCTAATATC
CTAACCATTGGGACTGGAATGGAGGAACACAACTTGTATGCCATTAATTTTATCCATGCA
ACAAAAGTCATTAAAGAAACATTACCTGGAGCCAGAATAAGTGGAGGTCTTTCCAACTTG
TCCTTCTCCTTCCGAGGAATGGAAGCCATTCGAGAAGCAATGCATGGGGTTTTCCTTTAC
CATGCAATCAAGTCTGGCATGGACATGGGGATAGTGAATGCTGGAAACCTCCCTGTGTAT
GATGATATCCATAAGGAACTTCTGCAGCTCTGTGAAGATCTCATCTGGAATAAAGACCCT
GAGGCCACTGAGAAGCTCTTACGTTATGCCCAGACTCAAGGCACAGGAGGGAAGAAAGTC
ATTCAGACTGATGAGTGGAGAAATGGCCCTGTCGAAGAACGCCTTGAGTATGCCCTTGTG
AAGGGCATTGAAAAACATATTATTGAGGATACTGAGGAAGCCAGGTTAAACCAAAAAAAA
TATCCCCGACCTCTCAATATAATTGAAGGACCCCTGATGAATGGAATGAAAATTGTTGGT
GATCTTTTTGGAGCTGGAAAAATGTTTCTACCTCAGGTTATAAAGTCAGCCCGGGTTATG
AAGAAGGCTGTTGGCCACCTTATCCCTTTCATGGAAAAAGAAAGAGAAGAAACCAGAGTG
CTTAACGGCACAGTAGAAGAAGAGGACCCTTACCAGGGCACCATCGTGCTGGCCACTGTT
AAAGGCGACGTGCACGACATAGGCAAGAACATAGTTGGAGTAGTCCTTGGCTGCAATAAT
TTCCGAGTTATTGATTTAGGAGTCATGACTCCATGTGATAAGATACTGAAAGCTGCTCTT
GACCACAAAGCAGATATAATTGGCCTGTCAGGACTCATCACTCCTTCCCTGGATGAAATG
ATTTTTGTTGCCAAGGAAATGGAGAGATTAGCTATAAGGATTCCATTGTTGATTGGAGGA
GCAACCACTTCAAAAACCCACACAGCAGTTAAAATAGCTCCGAGATACAGTGCACCTGTA
ATCCATGTCCTGGACGCGTCCAAGAGTGTGGTGGTGTGTTCCCAGCTGTTAGATGAAAAT
CTAAAGGATGAATACTTTGAGGAAATCATGGAAGAATATGAAGATATTAGACAGGACCAT
TATGAGTCTCTCAAGGAGAGGAGATACTTACCCTTAAGTCAAGCCAGAAAAAGTGGTTTC
CAAATGGATTGGCTGTCTGAACCTCACCCAGTGAAGCCCACGTTTATTGGGACCCAGGTC
TTTGAAGACTATGACCTGCAGAAGCTGGTGGACTACATTGACTGGAAGCCTTTCTTTGAT
GTCTGGCAGCTCCGGGGCAAGTACCCGAATCGAGGCTTCCCCAAGATATTTAACGACAAA
ACAGTAGGTGGAGAGGCCAGGAAGGTCTACGATGATGCCCACAATATGCTGAACACACTG
ATTAGTCAAAAGAAACTCCGGGCCCGGGGTGTGGTTGGGTTCTGGCCAGCACAGAGTATC
CAAGACGACATTCACCTGTACGCAGAGGCTGCTGTGCCCCAGGCTGCAGAGCCCATAGCC
ACTTTCTATGGGTTAAGGCAACAGGCTGAGAAGGACTCTGCCAGCACGGAGCCATACTAC
TGCCTCTCAGACTTCATCGCTCCCTTGCATTCTGGCATCCGTGACTACCTGGGCCTGTTT
GCCGTTGCCTGCTTTGGGGTAGAAGAGCTGAGCAAGGCCTATGAGGATGATGGTGACGAC
TACAGCAGCATCATGGTCAAGGCGCTGGGGGACCGGCTGGCAGAGGCCTTTGCAGAAGAG
CTCCATGAAAGAGTTCGCCGAGAACTGTGGGCCTACTGTGGCAGTGAGCAGCTGGACGTC
GCAGACCTGCGAAGGTTGCGGTACAAGGGCATCCGCCCGGCTCCTGGCTACCCCAGCCAG
CCCGACCACACCGAGAAGCTCACCATGTGGAGACTCGCAGACATCGAGCAGTCTACAGGC
ATTAGGTTAACAGAATCATTAGCAATGGCACCTGCTTCAGCAGTCTCAGGCCTCTACTTC
TCCAATTTGAAGTCCAAATATTTTGCTGTGGGGAAGATTTCCAAGGATCAGGTTGAGGAT
TATGCATTGAGGAAGAACATATCTGTGGCTGAGGTTGAGAAATGGCTTGGACCCATTTTG
GGATATGATACAGACTAA

1. Leclerc D, Campeau E, Goyette P, Adjalla CE, Christensen B, Ross M, Eydoux P, Rosenblatt DS, Rozen R, Gravel RA: Human methionine synthase: cDNA cloning and identification of mutations in patients of the cblG complementation group of folate/cobalamin disorders. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Dec;5(12):1867-74. [PubMed ]
2. Li YN, Gulati S, Baker PJ, Brody LC, Banerjee R, Kruger WD: Cloning, mapping and RNA analysis of the human methionine synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Dec;5(12):1851-8. [PubMed ]
3. Chen LH, Liu ML, Hwang HY, Chen LS, Korenberg J, Shane B: Human methionine synthase. cDNA cloning, gene localization, and expression. J Biol Chem. 1997 Feb 7;272(6):3628-34. [PubMed ]
4. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Gulati S, Baker P, Li YN, Fowler B, Kruger W, Brody LC, Banerjee R: Defects in human methionine synthase in cblG patients. Hum Mol Genet. 1996 Dec;5(12):1859-65. [PubMed ]
7. Doolin MT, Barbaux S, McDonnell M, Hoess K, Whitehead AS, Mitchell LE: Maternal genetic effects, exerted by genes involved in homocysteine remethylation, influence the risk of spina bifida. Am J Hum Genet. 2002 Nov;71(5):1222-6. Epub 2002 Oct 9. [PubMed ]
8. O'Leary VB, Mills JL, Pangilinan F, Kirke PN, Cox C, Conley M, Weiler A, Peng K, Shane B, Scott JM, Parle-McDermott A, Molloy AM, Brody LC: Analysis of methionine synthase reductase polymorphisms for neural tube defects risk association. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Jul;85(3):220-7. Epub 2005 Mar 17. [PubMed ]

MPPVGGKKAKKGILERLNAGEIVIGDGGFVFALEKRGYVKAGPWTPEAAVEHPEAVRQLH
REFLRAGSNVMQTFTFYASEDKLENRGNYVLEKISGQEVNEAACDIARQVADEGDALVAG
GVSQTPSYLSCKSETEVKKVFLQQLEVFMKKNVDFLIAEYFEHVEEAVWAVETLIASGKP
VAATMCIGPEGDLHGVPPGECAVRLVKAGASIIGVNCHFDPTISLKTVKLMKEGLEAARL
KAHLMSQPLAYHTPDCNKQGFIDLPEFPFGLEPRVATRWDIQKYAREAYNLGVRYIGGCC
GFEPYHIRAIAEELAPERGFLPPASEKHGSWGSGLDMHTKPWVRARARKEYWENLRIASG
RPYNPSMSKPDGWGVTKGTAELMQQKEATTEQQLKELFEKQKFKSQ

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )

• trimethylammonioacetate + L-homocysteine = dimethylglycine + L-methionine [RN:R02821]

• S-methyl_trans (PF02574 )

• None

• None

ATGCCACCCGTTGGGGGCAAAAAGGCCAAGAAGGGCATCCTAGAACGTTTAAATGCTGGA
GAGATTGTGATTGGAGATGGAGGGTTTGTCTTTGCACTGGAGAAGAGGGGCTACGTAAAG
GCAGGACCCTGGACTCCTGAAGCTGCTGTGGAGCACCCAGAAGCAGTTCGCCAGCTTCAT
CGAGAGTTCCTCAGAGCTGGCTCAAACGTCATGCAGACCTTCACCTTCTATGCGAGTGAA
GACAAGCTGGAGAACAGGGGCAACTATGTCTTAGAGAAGATATCTGGGCAGGAAGTCAAT
GAAGCTGCTTGCGACATCGCCCGACAAGTGGCTGATGAAGGAGATGCTTTGGTAGCAGGA
GGAGTGAGTCAGACACCTTCATACCTTAGCTGCAAGAGTGAAACTGAAGTCAAAAAAGTA
TTTCTGCAACAGTTAGAGGTCTTTATGAAGAAGAACGTGGACTTCTTGATTGCAGAGTAT
TTTGAACACGTTGAAGAAGCTGTGTGGGCAGTTGAAACCTTGATAGCATCCGGTAAACCT
GTGGCAGCAACCATGTGCATTGGCCCAGAAGGAGATTTGCATGGCGTGCCCCCCGGCGAG
TGTGCAGTGCGCCTGGTGAAAGCAGGAGCATCCATCATTGGTGTGAACTGCCACTTTGAC
CCCACCATTAGTTTAAAAACAGTGAAGCTCATGAAGGAGGGCTTGGAGGCTGCCCGACTG
AAAGCTCACCTGATGAGCCAGCCCTTGGCTTACCACACTCCTGACTGCAACAAGCAGGGA
TTCATCGATCTCCCAGAATTCCCATTTGGACTGGAACCCAGAGTTGCCACCAGATGGGAT
ATTCAAAAATACGCCAGAGAGGCCTACAACCTGGGGGTCAGGTACATTGGCGGGTGCTGT
GGATTTGAGCCCTACCACATCAGGGCAATTGCAGAGGAGCTGGCCCCAGAAAGGGGCTTT
TTGCCACCAGCTTCAGAAAAACATGGCAGCTGGGGAAGTGGTTTGGACATGCACACCAAA
CCCTGGGTTAGAGCAAGGGCCAGGAAGGAATACTGGGAGAATCTTCGGATAGCCTCAGGC
CGGCCATACAACCCTTCAATGTCAAAGCCAGATGGCTGGGGAGTGACCAAAGGAACAGCC
GAGCTGATGCAGCAGAAAGAAGCCACAACTGAGCAGCAGCTGAAAGAGCTCTTTGAAAAA
CAAAAATTCAAATCACAGTAG

1. Garrow TA: Purification, kinetic properties, and cDNA cloning of mammalian betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 13;271(37):22831-8. [PubMed ]
2. Park EI, Garrow TA: Interaction between dietary methionine and methyl donor intake on rat liver betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase gene expression and organization of the human gene. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 19;274(12):7816-24. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Sunden SL, Renduchintala MS, Park EI, Miklasz SD, Garrow TA: Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase expression in porcine and human tissues and chromosomal localization of the human gene. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1997 Sep 1;345(1):171-4. [PubMed ]
5. Millian NS, Garrow TA: Human betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase is a zinc metalloenzyme. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1998 Aug 1;356(1):93-8. [PubMed ]
6. Evans JC, Huddler DP, Jiracek J, Castro C, Millian NS, Garrow TA, Ludwig ML: Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase: zinc in a distorted barrel. Structure. 2002 Sep;10(9):1159-71. [PubMed ]
7. Weisberg IS, Park E, Ballman KV, Berger P, Nunn M, Suh DS, Breksa AP 3rd, Garrow TA, Rozen R: Investigations of a common genetic variant in betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase (BHMT) in coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis. 2003 Apr;167(2):205-14. [PubMed ]

1. AdoHcyase 3
2. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase 3
3. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 2

MSVQVVSAAAAAKVPEVELKDLSPSEAESQLGLSTAAVGAMAPPAGGGDPEAPAPAAERP
PVPGPGSGPAAALSPAAGKVPQASAMKRSDPHHQHQRHRDGGEALVSPDGTVTEAPRTVK
KQIQFADQKQEFNKRPTKIGRRSLSRSISQSSTDSYSSAASYTDSSDDETSPRDKQQKNS
KGSSDFCVKNIKQAEFGRREIEIAEQEMPALMALRKRAQGEKPLAGAKIVGCTHITAQTA
VLMETLGALGAQCRWAACNIYSTLNEVAAALAESGFPVFAWKGESEDDFWWCIDRCVNVE
GWQPNMILDDGGDLTHWIYKKYPNMFKKIKGIVEESVTGVHRLYQLSKAGKLCVPAMNVN
DSVTKQKFDNLYCCRESILDGLKRTTDMMFGGKQVVVCGYGEVGKGCCAALKAMGSIVYV
TEIDPICALQACMDGFRLVKLNEVIRQVDIVITCTGNKNVVTREHLDRMKNSCIVCNMGH
SNTEIDVASLRTPELTWERVRSQVDHVIWPDGKRIVLLAEGRLLNLSCSTVPTFVLSITA
TTQALALIELYNAPEGRYKQDVYLLPKKMDEYVASLHLPTFDAHLTELTDEQAKYLGLNK
NGPFKPNYYRY

• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = L-homocysteine + adenosine [RN:R00192]

• AdoHcyase (PF05221 )
• AdoHcyase_NAD (PF00670 )

• None

• None

ATGTCGGTGCAGGTTGTGTCAGCCGCGGCTGCCGCCAAGGTGCCTGAGGTGGAGCTGAAG
GACCTGAGCCCCTCCGAGGCGGAGTCGCAACTAGGACTGAGCACGGCCGCCGTGGGCGCC
ATGGCCCCCCCGGCGGGCGGTGGAGACCCTGAGGCTCCAGCTCCCGCCGCGGAGCGGCCC
CCGGTCCCCGGCCCGGGCTCGGGGCCCGCCGCCGCTCTCAGCCCCGCCGCCGGGAAGGTG
CCTCAGGCGTCGGCCATGAAGCGGAGCGACCCACATCACCAGCACCAGCGGCACCGCGAC
GGCGGCGAGGCCCTGGTCAGCCCCGACGGCACCGTCACCGAGGCGCCGCGCACAGTCAAG
AAGCAGATCCAGTTTGCTGACCAGAAGCAAGAATTCAACAAACGTCCCACCAAAATTGGA
CGTCGCTCTTTGTCTCGTTCCATTTCTCAGTCATCTACTGACAGCTACAGCTCAGCGGCT
TCATATACAGATAGCTCTGATGATGAGACATCGCCCAGGGACAAGCAGCAAAAGAACTCT
AAGGGAAGCAGTGACTTCTGTGTTAAGAACATCAAACAGGCAGAGTTTGGACGAAGAGAA
ATTGAAATTGCTGAACAAGAAATGCCTGCATTGATGGCTTTGAGGAAGAGAGCTCAAGGA
GAAAAGCCTTTGGCTGGAGCCAAAATCGTGGGTTGCACACACATCACTGCTCAGACTGCT
GTGCTTATGGAAACTCTGGGTGCTCTGGGGGCCCAGTGCCGATGGGCTGCCTGCAACATC
TATTCCACTCTCAATGAAGTGGCTGCTGCTCTAGCAGAAAGTGGATTTCCTGTTTTTGCC
TGGAAGGGAGAGTCAGAAGATGACTTTTGGTGGTGTATCGATAGATGTGTGAATGTGGAG
GGCTGGCAGCCAAACATGATCTTGGATGATGGAGGGGATCTTACCCACTGGATTTATAAA
AAGTATCCCAACATGTTTAAGAAAATCAAGGGCATAGTAGAGGAGAGTGTTACTGGAGTT
CACAGGCTGTACCAACTGTCCAAAGCTGGGAAGCTGTGTGTTCCAGCCATGAATGTCAAT
GACTCAGTCACCAAACAGAAATTTGACAACCTCTACTGTTGCCGTGAATCAATTCTTGAT
GGACTTAAAAGGACAACAGACATGATGTTTGGTGGAAAGCAAGTGGTAGTCTGTGGCTAT
GGAGAGGTGGGGAAAGGGTGCTGTGCTGCCCTGAAAGCCATGGGCTCCATTGTGTATGTA
ACTGAAATTGACCCCATCTGTGCCCTGCAAGCCTGTATGGATGGATTTCGACTGGTGAAA
TTAAATGAGGTCATCCGACAAGTGGACATTGTTATTACCTGTACAGGTAACAAGAATGTG
GTAACCAGAGAGCACTTGGACCGTATGAAGAATAGCTGCATCGTTTGTAACATGGGACAT
TCCAACACAGAGATTGACGTGGCGAGTCTGCGGACACCAGAACTGACCTGGGAGCGAGTG
AGATCTCAAGTTGACCATGTGATATGGCCTGATGGCAAGAGGATAGTACTGCTGGCAGAG
GGCCGCCTGCTGAACCTTAGCTGCTCCACAGTGCCTACATTTGTGCTCTCAATCACTGCT
ACTACTCAGGCTCTTGCCTTGATAGAGCTTTACAATGCTCCTGAGGGTCGCTATAAGCAG
GATGTCTACCTGTTGCCCAAGAAGATGGATGAGTATGTGGCCAGCCTACACCTGCCTACC
TTTGATGCCCACTTGACAGAGCTGACAGATGAACAGGCCAAGTATCTGGGACTCAACAAG
AATGGGCCCTTCAAGCCTAATTACTACAGGTATTAA

1. Nagase T, Ishikawa K, Suyama M, Kikuno R, Hirosawa M, Miyajima N, Tanaka A, Kotani H, Nomura N, Ohara O: Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XII. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro. DNA Res. 1998 Dec 31;5(6):355-64. [PubMed ]
2. Hillier LW, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Graves TA, Pepin KH, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Maas J, Jaeger S, Walker R, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, O'Laughlin MD, Schaller ME, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Cordes M, Du H, Sun H, Edwards J, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Andrews S, Isak A, Vanbrunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Lamar B, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Bielicki L, Scott K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Harris A, Strong CM, Hou S, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Leonard S, Rohlfing T, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Abbott A, Minx P, Maupin R, Strowmatt C, Latreille P, Miller N, Johnson D, Murray J, Woessner JP, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Schultz BR, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Nelson JO, Berkowicz N, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Bedell JA, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Chissoe SL, Marra MA, Raymond C, Haugen E, Gillett W, Zhou Y, James R, Phelps K, Iadanoto S, Bubb K, Simms E, Levy R, Clendenning J, Kaul R, Kent WJ, Furey TS, Baertsch RA, Brent MR, Keibler E, Flicek P, Bork P, Suyama M, Bailey JA, Portnoy ME, Torrents D, Chinwalla AT, Gish WR, Eddy SR, McPherson JD, Olson MV, Eichler EE, Green ED, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 7. Nature. 2003 Jul 10;424(6945):157-64. [PubMed ]
3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
4. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

1. AdoHcyase
2. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase

MSDKLPYKVADIGLAAWGRKALDIAENEMPGLMRMRERYSASKPLKGARIAGCLHMTVET
AVLIETLVTLGAEVQWSSCNIFSTQDHAAAAIAKAGIPVYAWKGETDEEYLWCIEQTLYF
KDGPLNMILDDGGDLTNLIHTKYPQLLPGIRGISEETTTGVHNLYKMMANGILKVPAINV
NDSVTKSKFDNLYGCRESLIDGIKRATDVMIAGKVAVVAGYGDVGKGCAQALRGFGARVI
ITEIDPINALQAAMEGYEVTTMDEACQEGNIFVTTTGCIDIILGRHFEQMKDDAIVCNIG
HFDVEIDVKWLNENAVEKVNIKPQVDRYRLKNGRRIILLAEGRLVNLGCAMGHPSFVMSN
SFTNQVMAQIELWTHPDKYPVGVHFLPKKLDEAVAEAHLGKLNVKLTKLTEKQAQYLGMS
CDGPFKPDHYRY

• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = L-homocysteine + adenosine [RN:R00192]

• AdoHcyase (PF05221 )
• AdoHcyase_NAD (PF00670 )

• None

• None

ATGTCTGACAAACTGCCCTACAAAGTCGCCGACATCGGCCTGGCTGCCTGGGGACGCAAG
GCCCTGGACATTGCTGAGAACGAGATGCCGGGCCTGATGCGTATGCGGGAGCGGTACTCG
GCCTCCAAGCCACTGAAGGGCGCCCGCATCGCTGGCTGCCTGCACATGACCGTGGAGACG
GCCGTCCTCATTGAGACCCTCGTCACCCTGGGTGCTGAGGTGCAGTGGTCCAGCTGCAAC
ATCTTCTCCACCCAGAACCATGCGGCGGCTGCCATTGCCAAGGCTGGCATTCCGGTGTAT
GCCTGGAAGGGCGAAACGGACGAGGAGTACCTGTGGTGCATTGAGCAGACCCTGTACTTC
AAGGACGGGCCCCTCAACATGATTCTGGACGACGGGGGCGACCTCACCAACCTCATCCAC
ACCAAGTACCCGCAGCTTCTGCCAGGCATCCGAGGCATCTCTGAGGAGACCACGACTGGG
GTCCACAACCTCTACAAGATGATGGCCAATGGGATCCTCAAGGTGCCTGCCATCAATGTC
AATGACTCCGTCACCAAGAGCAAGTTTGACAACCTCTATGGCTGCCGGGAGTCCCTCATA
GATGGCATCAAGCGGGCCACAGATGTGATGATTGCCGGCAAGGTAGCGGTGGTAGCAGGC
TATGGTGATGTGGGCAAGGGCTGTGCCCAGGCCCTGCGGGGTTTCGGAGCCCGCGTCATC
ATCACCGAGATTGACCCCATCAACGCACTGCAGGCTGCCATGGAGGGCTATGAGGTGACC
ACCATGGATGAGGCCTGTCAGGAGGGCAACATCTTTGTCACCACCACAGGCTGTATTGAC
ATCATCCTTGGCCGGCACTTTGAGCAGATGAAGGATGATGCCATTGTGTGTAACATTGGA
CACTTTGACGTGGAGATCGATGTCAAGTGGCTCAACGAGAACGCCGTGGAGAAGGTGAAC
ATCAAGCCGCAGGTGGACCGGTATCGGTTGAAGAATGGGCGCCGCATCATCCTGCTGGCC
GAGGGTCGGCTGGTCAACCTGGGTTGTGCCATGGGCCACCCCAGCTTCGTGATGAGTAAC
TCCTTCACCAACCAGGTGATGGCGCAGATCGAGCTGTGGACCCATCCAGACAAGTACCCC
GTTGGGGTTCATTTCCTGCCCAAGAAGCTGGATGAGGCAGTGGCTGAAGCCCACCTGGGC
AAGCTGAATGTGAAGTTGACCAAGCTAACTGAGAAGCAAGCCCAGTACCTGGGCATGTCC
TGTGATGGCCCCTTCAAGCCGGATCACTACCGCTACTGA

1. Coulter-Karis DE, Hershfield MS: Sequence of full length cDNA for human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase. Ann Hum Genet. 1989 May;53(Pt 2):169-75. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Gupta RA, Yuan CS, Ault-Riche DB, Borchardt RT: Limited proteolysis of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase: implications for the three-dimensional structure. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1995 Jun 1;319(2):365-71. [PubMed ]
6. Arredondo-Vega FX, Charlton JA, Edwards YH, Hopkinson DA, Whitehouse DB: Isozyme and DNA analysis of human S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase (AHCY). Ann Hum Genet. 1989 May;53(Pt 2):157-67. [PubMed ]
7. Yuan CS, Borchardt RT: Photoaffinity labeling of human placental S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase with [2-3H]8-azido-adenosine. J Biol Chem. 1995 Jul 7;270(27):16140-6. [PubMed ]
8. Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, Watabe H, Yamaguchi H, Mangini NJ, Huang H, Canfield VA, Cheng KC, Yang F, Abe R, Yamagishi S, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Wu C, Appella E, Hunt DF: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J Proteome Res. 2006 Nov;5(11):3135-44. [PubMed ]
9. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
10. Turner MA, Yuan CS, Borchardt RT, Hershfield MS, Smith GD, Howell PL: Structure determination of selenomethionyl S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase using data at a single wavelength. Nat Struct Biol. 1998 May;5(5):369-76. [PubMed ]
11. Yang X, Hu Y, Yin DH, Turner MA, Wang M, Borchardt RT, Howell PL, Kuczera K, Schowen RL: Catalytic strategy of S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase: transition-state stabilization and the avoidance of abortive reactions. Biochemistry. 2003 Feb 25;42(7):1900-9. [PubMed ]
12. Gellekink H, den Heijer M, Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ: Effect of genetic variation in the human S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase gene on total homocysteine concentrations and risk of recurrent venous thrombosis. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Nov;12(11):942-8. [PubMed ]
13. Baric I, Fumic K, Glenn B, Cuk M, Schulze A, Finkelstein JD, James SJ, Mejaski-Bosnjak V, Pazanin L, Pogribny IP, Rados M, Sarnavka V, Scukanec-Spoljar M, Allen RH, Stabler S, Uzelac L, Vugrek O, Wagner C, Zeisel S, Mudd SH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a human: a genetic disorder of methionine metabolism. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Mar 23;101(12):4234-9. Epub 2004 Mar 15. [PubMed ]
14. Buist NR, Glenn B, Vugrek O, Wagner C, Stabler S, Allen RH, Pogribny I, Schulze A, Zeisel SH, Baric I, Mudd SH: S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency in a 26-year-old man. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2006 Aug;29(4):538-545. Epub 2006 May 30. [PubMed ]
15. Vugrek O, Beluzic R, Nakic N, Mudd SH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AHCY) deficiency: two novel mutations with lethal outcome. Hum Mutat. 2009 Apr;30(4):E555-65. [PubMed ]

1. AdoHcyase 2
2. DC-expressed AHCY-like molecule
3. S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine hydrolase 2
4. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1

MSMPDAMPLPGVGEELKQAKEIEDAEKYSFMATVTKAPKKQIQFADDMQEFTKFPTKTGR
RSLSRSISQSSTDSYSSAASYTDSSDDEVSPREKQQTNSKGSSNFCVKNIKQAEFGRREI
EIAEQDMSALISLRKRAQGEKPLAGAKIVGCTHITAQTAVLIETLCALGAQCRWSACNIY
STQNEVAAALAEAGVAVFAWKGESEDDFWWCIDRCVNMDGWQANMILDDGGDLTHWVYKK
YPNVFKKIRGIVEESVTGVHRLYQLSKAGKLCVPAMNVNDSVTKQKFDNLYCCRESILDG
LKRTTDVMFGGKQVVVCGYGEVGKGCCAALKALGAIVYITEIDPICALQACMDGFRVVKL
NEVIRQVDVVITCTGNKNVVTREHLDRMKNSCIVCNMGHSNTEIDVTSLRTPELTWERVR
SQVDHVIWPDGKRVVLLAEGRLLNLSCSTVPTFVLSITATTQALALIELYNAPEGRYKQD
VYLLPKKMDEYVASLHLPSFDAHLTELTDDQAKYLGLNKNGPFKPNYYRY

• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + H2O = L-homocysteine + adenosine [RN:R00192]

• AdoHcyase (PF05221 )
• AdoHcyase_NAD (PF00670 )

• None

• None

ATGTCGATGCCTGACGCGATGCCGCTGCCCGGGGTCGGGGAGGAGCTGAAGCAGGCCAAG
GAGATCGAGGACGCCGAGAAGTACTCCTTCATGGCCACCGTCACCAAGGCGCCCAAGAAG
CAAATCCAGTTTGCTGATGACATGCAGGAGTTCACCAAATTCCCCACCAAAACTGGCCGA
AGATCTTTGTCTCGCTCGATCTCACAGTCCTCCACTGACAGCTACAGTTCAGCTGCATCC
TACACAGATAGCTCTGATGATGAGGTTTCTCCCCGAGAGAAGCAGCAAACCAACTCCAAG
GGCAGCAGCAATTTCTGTGTGAAGAACATCAAGCAGGCAGAATTTGGACGCCGGGAGATT
GAGATTGCAGAGCAAGACATGTCTGCTCTGATTTCACTCAGGAAACGTGCTCAGGGGGAG
AAGCCCTTGGCTGGTGCTAAAATAGTGGGCTGTACACACATCACAGCCCAGACAGCGGTG
TTGATTGAGACACTCTGTGCCCTGGGGGCTCAGTGCCGCTGGTCTGCTTGTAACATCTAC
TCAACTCAGAATGAAGTAGCTGCAGCACTGGCTGAGGCTGGAGTTGCAGTGTTCGCTTGG
AAGGGCGAGTCAGAAGATGACTTCTGGTGGTGTATTGACCGCTGTGTGAACATGGATGGG
TGGCAGGCCAACATGATCCTGGATGATGGGGGAGACTTAACCCACTGGGTTTATAAGAAG
TATCCAAACGTGTTTAAGAAGATCCGAGGCATTGTGGAAGAGAGCGTGACTGGTGTTCAC
AGGCTGTATCAGCTCTCCAAAGCTGGGAAGCTCTGTGTTCCGGCCATGAACGTCAATGAT
TCTGTTACCAAACAGAAGTTTGATAACTTGTACTGCTGCCGAGAATCCATTTTGGATGGC
CTGAAGAGGACCACAGATGTGATGTTTGGTGGGAAACAAGTGGTGGTGTGTGGCTATGGT
GAGGTAGGCAAGGGCTGCTGTGCTGCTCTCAAAGCTCTTGGAGCAATTGTCTACATTACC
GAAATCGACCCCATCTGTGCTCTGCAGGCCTGCATGGATGGGTTCAGGGTGGTAAAGCTA
AATGAAGTCATCCGGCAAGTCGATGTCGTAATAACTTGCACAGGAAATAAGAATGTAGTG
ACACGGGAGCACTTGGATCGCATGAAAAACAGTTGTATCGTATGCAATATGGGCCACTCC
AACACAGAAATCGATGTGACCAGCCTCCGCACTCCGGAGCTGACGTGGGAGCGAGTACGT
TCTCAGGTGGACCATGTCATCTGGCCAGATGGCAAACGAGTTGTCCTCCTGGCAGAGGGT
CGTCTACTCAATTTGAGCTGCTCCACAGTTCCCACCTTTGTTCTGTCCATCACAGCCACA
ACACAGGCTTTGGCACTGATAGAACTCTATAATGCACCCGAGGGGCGATACAAGCAGGAT
GTGTACTTGCTTCCTAAGAAAATGGATGAATACGTTGCCAGCTTGCATCTGCCATCATTT
GATGCCCACCTTACAGAGCTGACAGATGACCAAGCAAAATATCTGGGACTCAACAAAAAT
GGGCCATTCAAACCTAATTATTACAGATACTAA

1. Dekker JW, Budhia S, Angel NZ, Cooper BJ, Clark GJ, Hart DN, Kato M: Identification of an S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like transcript induced during dendritic cell differentiation. Immunogenetics. 2002 Mar;53(12):993-1001. Epub 2002 Feb 13. [PubMed ]
2. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Imabayashi H, Mori T, Gojo S, Kiyono T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Isogai T, Hata J, Toyama Y, Umezawa A: Redifferentiation of dedifferentiated chondrocytes and chondrogenesis of human bone marrow stromal cells via chondrosphere formation with expression profiling by large-scale cDNA analysis. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Aug 1;288(1):35-50. [PubMed ]
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7. Zhang Y, Wolf-Yadlin A, Ross PL, Pappin DJ, Rush J, Lauffenburger DA, White FM: Time-resolved mass spectrometry of tyrosine phosphorylation sites in the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling network reveals dynamic modules. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2005 Sep;4(9):1240-50. Epub 2005 Jun 11. [PubMed ]
8. Cooper BJ, Key B, Carter A, Angel NZ, Hart DN, Kato M: Suppression and overexpression of adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase-like protein 1 (AHCYL1) influences zebrafish embryo development: a possible role for AHCYL1 in inositol phospholipid signaling. J Biol Chem. 2006 Aug 11;281(32):22471-84. Epub 2006 Jun 5. [PubMed ]
9. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed ]

1. Beta-thionase
2. Serine sulfhydrase

MPSETPQAEVGPTGCPHRSGPHSAKGSLEKGSPEDKEAKEPLWIRPDAPSRCTWQLGRPA
SESPHHHTAPAKSPKILPDILKKIGDTPMVRINKIGKKFGLKCELLAKCEFFNAGGSVKD
RISLRMIEDAERDGTLKPGDTIIEPTSGNTGIGLALAAAVRGYRCIIVMPEKMSSEKVDV
LRALGAEIVRTPTNARFDSPESHVGVAWRLKNEIPNSHILDQYRNASNPLAHYDTTADEI
LQQCDGKLDMLVASVGTGGTITGIARKLKEKCPGCRIIGVDPEGSILAEPEELNQTEQTT
YEVEGIGYDFIPTVLDRTVVDKWFKSNDEEAFTFARMLIAQEGLLCGGSAGSTVAVAVKA
AQELQEGQRCVVILPDSVRNYMTKFLSDRWMLQKGFLKEEDLTEKKPWWWHLRVQELGLS
APLTVLPTITCGHTIEILREKGFDQAPVVDEAGVILGMVTLGNMLSSLLAGKVQPSDQVG
KVIYKQFKQIRLTDTLGRLSHILEMDHFALVVHEQIQYHSTGKSSQRQMVFGVVTAIDLL
NFVAAQERDQK

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )
• Selenoamino Acid Metabolism (map00450 )

• L-serine + L-homocysteine = L-cystathionine + H2O [RN:R01290]

• CBS (PF00571 )
• PALP (PF00291 )

• None

• None

ATGCCTTCTGAGACCCCCCAGGCAGAAGTGGGGCCCACAGGCTGCCCCCACCGCTCAGGG
CCACACTCGGCGAAGGGGAGCCTGGAGAAGGGGTCCCCAGAGGATAAGGAAGCCAAGGAG
CCCCTGTGGATCCGGCCCGATGCTCCGAGCAGGTGCACCTGGCAGCTGGGCCGGCCTGCC
TCCGAGTCCCCACATCACCACACTGCCCCGGCAAAATCTCCAAAAATCTTGCCAGATATT
CTGAAGAAAATCGGGGACACCCCTATGGTCAGAATCAACAAGATTGGGAAGAAGTTCGGC
CTGAAGTGTGAGCTCTTGGCCAAGTGTGAGTTCTTCAACGCGGGCGGGAGCGTGAAGGAC
CGCATCAGCCTGCGGATGATTGAGGATGCTGAGCGCGACGGGACGCTGAAGCCCGGGGAC
ACGATTATCGAGCCGACATCCGGGAACACCGGGATCGGGCTGGCCCTGGCTGCGGCAGTG
AGGGGCTATCGCTGCATCATCGTGATGCCAGAGAAGATGAGCTCCGAGAAGGTGGACGTG
CTGCGGGCACTGGGGGCTGAGATTGTGAGGACGCCCACCAATGCCAGGTTCGACTCCCCG
GAGTCACACGTGGGGGTGGCCTGGCGGCTGAAGAACGAAATCCCCAATTCTCACATCCTA
GACCAGTACCGCAACGCCAGCAACCCCCTGGCTCACTACGACACCACCGCTGATGAGATC
CTGCAGCAGTGTGATGGGAAGCTGGACATGCTGGTGGCTTCAGTGGGCACGGGCGGCACC
ATCACGGGCATTGCCAGGAAGCTGAAGGAGAAGTGTCCTGGATGCAGGATCATTGGGGTG
GATCCCGAAGGGTCCATCCTCGCAGAGCCGGAGGAGCTGAACCAGACGGAGCAGACAACC
TACGAGGTGGAAGGGATCGGCTACGACTTCATCCCCACGGTGCTGGACAGGACGGTGGTG
GACAAGTGGTTCAAGAGCAACGATGAGGAGGCGTTCACCTTTGCCCGCATGCTGATCGCG
CAAGAGGGGCTGCTGTGCGGTGGCAGTGCTGGCAGCACGGTGGCGGTGGCCGTGAAGGCT
GCGCAGGAGCTGCAGGAGGGCCAGCGCTGCGTGGTCATTCTGCCCGACTCAGTGCGGAAC
TACATGACCAAGTTCCTGAGCGACAGGTGGATGCTGCAGAAGGGCTTTCTGAAGGAGGAG
GACCTCACGGAGAAGAAGCCCTGGTGGTGGCACCTCCGTGTTCAGGAGCTGGGCCTGTCA
GCCCCGCTGACCGTGCTCCCGACCATCACCTGTGGGCACACCATCGAGATCCTCCGGGAG
AAGGGCTTCGACCAGGCGCCCGTGGTGGATGAGGCGGGGGTAATCCTGGGAATGGTGACG
CTTGGGAACATGCTCTCGTCCCTGCTTGCCGGGAAGGTGCAGCCGTCAGACCAAGTTGGC
AAAGTCATCTACAAGCAGTTCAAACAGATCCGCCTCACGGACACGCTGGGCAGGCTCTCG
CACATCCTGGAGATGGACCACTTCGCCCTGGTGGTGCACGAGCAGATCCAGTACCACAGC
ACCGGGAAGTCCAGTCAGCGGCAGATGGTGTTCGGGGTGGTCACCGCCATTGACTTGCTG
AACTTCGTGGCCGCCCAGGAGCGGGACCAGAAGTGA

1. Kraus JP, Le K, Swaroop M, Ohura T, Tahara T, Rosenberg LE, Roper MD, Kozich V: Human cystathionine beta-synthase cDNA: sequence, alternative splicing and expression in cultured cells. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1633-8. [PubMed ]
2. Chasse JF, Paly E, Paris D, Paul V, Sinet PM, Kamoun P, London J: Genomic organization of the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene: evidence for various cDNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jun 26;211(3):826-32. [PubMed ]
3. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast system for expression of human cystathionine beta-synthase: structural and functional conservation of the human and yeast genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6614-8. [PubMed ]
4. Chasse JF, Paul V, Escanez R, Kamoun P, London J: Human cystathionine beta-synthase: gene organization and expression of different 5' alternative splicing. Mamm Genome. 1997 Dec;8(12):917-21. [PubMed ]
5. Kraus JP, Oliveriusova J, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Vlcek C, de Franchis R, Maclean KN, Bao L, Bukovsk, Patterson D, Paces V, Ansorge W, Kozich V: The human cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene: complete sequence, alternative splicing, and polymorphisms. Genomics. 1998 Sep 15;52(3):312-24. [PubMed ]
6. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
8. Kraus J, Packman S, Fowler B, Rosenberg LE: Purification and properties of cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver. Evidence for identical subunits. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25;253(18):6523-8. [PubMed ]
9. Kabil O, Zhou Y, Banerjee R: Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a target for sumoylation. Biochemistry. 2006 Nov 14;45(45):13528-36. [PubMed ]
10. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
11. Meier M, Janosik M, Kery V, Kraus JP, Burkhard P: Structure of human cystathionine beta-synthase: a unique pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent heme protein. EMBO J. 2001 Aug 1;20(15):3910-6. [PubMed ]
12. Taoka S, Lepore BW, Kabil O, Ojha S, Ringe D, Banerjee R: Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a heme sensor protein. Evidence that the redox sensor is heme and not the vicinal cysteines in the CXXC motif seen in the crystal structure of the truncated enzyme. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20;41(33):10454-61. [PubMed ]
13. Kraus JP, Janosik M, Kozich V, Mandell R, Shih V, Sperandeo MP, Sebastio G, de Franchis R, Andria G, Kluijtmans LA, Blom H, Boers GH, Gordon RB, Kamoun P, Tsai MY, Kruger WD, Koch HG, Ohura T, Gaustadnes M: Cystathionine beta-synthase mutations in homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):362-75. [PubMed ]
14. Kozich V, Kraus JP: Screening for mutations by expressing patient cDNA segments in E. coli: homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):113-23. [PubMed ]
15. Kozich V, de Franchis R, Kraus JP: Molecular defect in a patient with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jun;2(6):815-6. [PubMed ]
16. Hu FL, Gu Z, Kozich V, Kraus JP, Ramesh V, Shih VE: Molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in pyridoxine responsive and nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1857-60. [PubMed ]
17. de Franchis R, Kozich V, McInnes RR, Kraus JP: Identical genotypes in siblings with different homocystinuric phenotypes: identification of three mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase using an improved bacterial expression system. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1103-8. [PubMed ]
18. Marble M, Geraghty MT, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Valle D: Characterization of a cystathionine beta-synthase allele with three mutations in cis in a patient with B6 nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1883-6. [PubMed ]
19. Kraus JP: Komrower Lecture. Molecular basis of phenotype expression in homocystinuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(4):383-90. [PubMed ]
20. Shih VE, Fringer JM, Mandell R, Kraus JP, Berry GT, Heidenreich RA, Korson MS, Levy HL, Ramesh V: A missense mutation (I278T) in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene prevalent in pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria and associated with mild clinical phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jul;57(1):34-9. [PubMed ]
21. Sebastio G, Sperandeo MP, Panico M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G: The molecular basis of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Italian families, and report of four novel mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jun;56(6):1324-33. [PubMed ]
22. Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ, Boers GH, van Oost BA, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP: Two novel missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in homocystinuric patients. Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;96(2):249-50. [PubMed ]
23. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast assay for functional detection of mutations in the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1155-61. [PubMed ]
24. Sperandeo MP, Panico M, Pepe A, Candito M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G, Sebastio G: Molecular analysis of patients affected by homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: report of a new mutation in exon 8 and a deletion in intron 11. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(2):211-4. [PubMed ]
25. Kluijtmans LA, Boers GH, Stevens EM, Renier WO, Kraus JP, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 15;98(2):285-9. [PubMed ]
26. Sperandeo MP, Candito M, Sebastio G, Rolland MO, Turc-Carel C, Giudicelli H, Dellamonica P, Andria G: Homocysteine response to methionine challenge in four obligate heterozygotes for homocystinuria and relationship with cystathionine beta-synthase mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19(3):351-6. [PubMed ]
27. Dawson PA, Cox AJ, Emmerson BT, Dudman NP, Kraus JP, Gordon RB: Characterisation of five missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene from three patients with B6-nonresponsive homocystinuria. Eur J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan-Feb;5(1):15-21. [PubMed ]
28. Kim CE, Gallagher PM, Guttormsen AB, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Ose L, Folling I, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY, Kruger WD: Functional modeling of vitamin responsiveness in yeast: a common pyridoxine-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase mutation in homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Dec;6(13):2213-21. [PubMed ]
29. Aral B, Coude M, London J, Aupetit J, Chasse JF, Zabot MT, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Kamoun P: Two novel mutations (K384E and L539S) in the C-terminal moiety of the cystathionine beta-synthase protein in two French pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(1):81-2. [PubMed ]
30. Kozich V, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Oliveriusova J, Orendac M, Kraus JP, Elleder D: Analysis of CBS alleles in Czech and Slovak patients with homocystinuria: report on three novel mutations E176K, W409X and 1223 + 37 del99. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Jul;20(3):363-6. [PubMed ]
31. Tsai MY, Wong PW, Garg U, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K: Two Novel Mutations in the Cystathionine beta-synthase Gene of Homocystinuric Patients. Mol Diagn. 1997 Jun;2(2):129-133. [PubMed ]
32. Gordon RB, Cox AJ, Dawson PA, Emmerson BT, Kraus JP, Dudman NP: Mutational analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: a splicing mutation, two missense mutations and an insertion in patients with homocystinuria. Mutations in brief no. 120. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):332. [PubMed ]
33. Gallagher PM, Naughten E, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K, Bignell M, Yuan M, Ward P, Yap S, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY: Characterization of mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Irish patients with homocystinuria. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Dec;65(4):298-302. [PubMed ]
34. de Franchis R, Kraus E, Kozich V, Sebastio G, Kraus JP: Four novel mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: effect of a second linked mutation on the severity of the homocystinuric phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):453-7. [PubMed ]
35. Gat-Yablonski G, Mandel H, Fowler B, Taleb O, Sela BA: Homocystinuria in the Arab population of Israel: identification of two novel mutations using DGGE analysis. Hum Mutat. 2000 Oct;16(4):372. [PubMed ]
36. Janosik M, Oliveriusova J, Janosikova B, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Kraus JP, Kozich V: Impaired heme binding and aggregation of mutant cystathionine beta-synthase subunits in homocystinuria. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1506-13. Epub 2001 May 15. [PubMed ]
37. Castro R, Heil SG, Rivera I, Jakobs C, de Almeida IT, Blom HJ: Molecular genetic analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Portuguese homocystinuria patients: three novel mutations. Clin Genet. 2001 Aug;60(2):161-3. [PubMed ]
38. Maclean KN, Gaustadnes M, Oliveriusova J, Janosik M, Kraus E, Kozich V, Kery V, Skovby F, Rudiger N, Ingerslev J, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Kraus JP: High homocysteine and thrombosis without connective tissue disorders are associated with a novel class of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Jun;19(6):641-55. [PubMed ]
39. Gaustadnes M, Wilcken B, Oliveriusova J, McGill J, Fletcher J, Kraus JP, Wilcken DE: The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Australian patients: genotype-phenotype correlations and response to treatment. Hum Mutat. 2002 Aug;20(2):117-26. [PubMed ]
40. Urreizti R, Balcells S, Rodes M, Vilarinho L, Baldellou A, Couce ML, Munoz C, Campistol J, Pinto X, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D: Spectrum of CBS mutations in 16 homocystinuric patients from the Iberian Peninsula: high prevalence of T191M and absence of I278T or G307S. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jul;22(1):103. [PubMed ]
41. Kruger WD, Wang L, Jhee KH, Singh RH, Elsas LJ 2nd: Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Georgia (USA): correlation of clinical and biochemical phenotype with genotype. Hum Mutat. 2003 Dec;22(6):434-41. [PubMed ]
42. Orendae M, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Linnebank M, Koch HG, Kozich V: Identification and functional analysis of two novel mutations in the CBS gene in Polish patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2004 Jun;23(6):631. [PubMed ]
43. Linnebank M, Janosik M, Kozich V, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Sokolova J, Linnebank A, Schmidt E, Leyendecker C, Klockgether T, Kraus JP, Koch HG: The cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutation c.1224-2A>C in Central Europe: Vitamin B6 nonresponsiveness and a common ancestral haplotype. Hum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):352-3. [PubMed ]
44. Porto MP, Galdieri LC, Pereira VG, Vergani N, da Rocha JC, Micheletti C, Martins AM, Perez AB, Almeida VD: Molecular analysis of homocystinuria in Brazilian patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Dec;362(1-2):71-8. Epub 2005 Jul 5. [PubMed ]
45. Lee SJ, Lee DH, Yoo HW, Koo SK, Park ES, Park JW, Lim HG, Jung SC: Identification and functional analysis of cystathionine beta-synthase gene mutations in patients with homocystinuria. J Hum Genet. 2005;50(12):648-54. Epub 2005 Oct 5. [PubMed ]
46. Urreizti R, Asteggiano C, Cozar M, Frank N, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D, Balcells S: Functional assays testing pathogenicity of 14 cystathionine-beta synthase mutations. Hum Mutat. 2006 Feb;27(2):211. [PubMed ]

MAPAGRPGAKKGILERLESGEVVIGDGSFLITLEKRGYVKAGLWTPEAVIEHPDAVRQLH
MEFLRAGSNVMQTFTFSASEDNMESKWEDVNAAACDLAREVAGKGDALVAGGICQTSIYK
YQKDEARIKKLFRQQLEVFAWKNVDFLIAEYFEHVEEAVWAVEVLKESDRPVAVTMCIGP
EGDMHDITPGECAVRLVKAGASIVGVNCRFGPDTSLKTMELMKEGLEWAGLKAHLMVQPL
GFHAPDCGKEGFVDLPEYPFGLESRVATRWDIQKYAREAYNLGVRYIGGCCGFEPYHIRA
IAEELAPERGFLPPASEKHGSWGSGLDMHTKPWIRARARREYWENLLPASGRPFCPSLSK
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• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )
• Methionine Metabolism (map00271 )

• trimethylammonioacetate + L-homocysteine = dimethylglycine + L-methionine [RN:R02821]

• S-methyl_trans (PF02574 )

• None

• None

ATGGCACCTGCTGGACGCCCGGGGGCCAAGAAGGGGATTTTGGAGCGCCTGGAGAGTGGG
GAGGTTGTGATTGGAGATGGCAGCTTTCTCATTACTCTGGAGAAGAGAGGCTATGTGAAG
GCTGGGCTCTGGACTCCAGAGGCAGTGATAGAACACCCAGACGCAGTTCGTCAACTTCAC
ATGGAATTCTTGAGAGCAGGATCAAATGTCATGCAGACTTTTACCTTTTCTGCCAGTGAG
GACAATATGGAAAGCAAGTGGGAAGATGTAAATGCTGCTGCCTGTGACCTCGCCAGGGAA
GTGGCTGGCAAAGGTGATGCTTTGGTAGCAGGGGGGATCTGCCAGACATCAATATACAAA
TACCAGAAGGATGAAGCTAGAATTAAAAAACTTTTTCGACAACAGCTAGAAGTTTTTGCC
TGGAAAAATGTGGACTTCTTGATTGCAGAGTATTTTGAGCACGTTGAAGAAGCTGTGTGG
GCTGTGGAAGTCTTAAAAGAATCAGATAGACCCGTGGCAGTTACCATGTGCATAGGCCCA
GAGGGAGACATGCATGATATAACCCCCGGAGAATGTGCTGTGAGGCTGGTGAAGGCAGGG
GCTTCCATCGTTGGCGTGAACTGCCGCTTTGGGCCCGACACCAGCTTGAAGACGATGGAG
CTCATGAAGGAGGGTCTTGAGTGGGCAGGGCTGAAAGCGCACCTCATGGTGCAGCCTCTG
GGGTTCCACGCGCCTGACTGTGGCAAAGAGGGGTTTGTGGATCTCCCAGAATATCCCTTT
GGACTGGAGTCCAGAGTTGCCACCAGATGGGATATTCAAAAATACGCCAGAGAGGCCTAC
AACCTGGGGGTCAGGTACATTGGCGGGTGCTGTGGATTTGAGCCCTACCACATCAGGGCA
ATTGCAGAGGAGCTGGCCCCAGAAAGGGGCTTTTTGCCACCAGCTTCAGAAAAACACGGC
AGCTGGGGAAGTGGTTTGGACATGCACACCAAACCCTGGATTAGAGCAAGGGCTCGAAGG
GAGTATTGGGAGAATCTGCTGCCAGCTTCAGGCAGACCTTTCTGTCCTTCGCTGTCAAAG
CCAGACTTCTAA

1. Chadwick LH, McCandless SE, Silverman GL, Schwartz S, Westaway D, Nadeau JH: Betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase-2: cDNA cloning, gene sequence, physical mapping, and expression of the human and mouse genes. Genomics. 2000 Nov 15;70(1):66-73. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]

1. AHCY, mRNA
2. S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, isoform CRA_a

MSDKLPYKVADIGLAAWGRKALDIAENEMPGLMRMRERYSASKPLKGARIAGCLHMTVET
AVLIETLVTLGAEVQWSSCNIFSTQDHAAAAIAKAGIPVYAWKGETDEEYLWCIEQTLYF
KDGPLNMILDDGGDLTNLIHTKYPQLLPGIRGISEETTTGVHNLYKMMANGILKVPAINV
NDSVTKSKFDNLYGCRESLIDGIKRATDVMIAGKVAVVAGYGDVGKGCAQALRGFGARVI
ITEIDPINALQAAMEGYEVTTMDEACQEGNIFVTTTGCIDIILGRHFEQMKDDAIVCNIG
HFDVEIDVKWLNENAVEKVNIKPQVDRYRLKNGRRIILLAEGRLVNLGCAMGHPSFVMSN
SFTNQVMAQIELWTHPDKYPVGVHFLPKKLDEAVAEAHLGKLNVKLTKLTEKQAQYLGMS
CDGPFKPDHYRY

• None

• None