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Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (HMDB00763)

Record Information
Version 3.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700
Update Date 2013-02-08 17:09:16 -0700
HMDB ID HMDB00763
Secondary Accession Numbers None
Metabolite Identification
Common Name 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
Description 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) is a breakdown product of serotonin that is excreted in the urine. Serotonin is a hormone found at high levels in many body tissues. Serotonin and 5HIAA are produced in excess amounts by carcinoid tumors, and levels of these substances may be measured in the urine to test for carcinoid tumors. (NCI).
Structure Thumb
Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure
Synonyms
  1. 5-HIAA
  2. 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetate
  3. 5-Hydroxy-1H-indole-3-acetic acid
  4. 5-Hydroxy-3-indolylacetate
  5. 5-Hydroxy-IAA
  6. 5-Hydroxy-Indole-3-acetate
  7. 5-Hydroxy-Indole-3-acetic acid
  8. 5-Hydroxyheteroauxin
  9. 5-Hydroxyindol-3-ylacetate
  10. 5-Hydroxyindol-3-ylacetic acid
  11. 5-Hydroxyindole acetate
  12. 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetate
  13. 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid
  14. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetate
  15. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid
  16. 5-Oxyindoleacetate
  17. 5-Oxyindoleacetic acid
  18. 5HIAA
  19. Hydroxyindoleacetate
Chemical Formula C10H9NO3
Average Molecular Weight 191.1834
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 191.058243159
IUPAC Name 2-(5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid
Traditional IUPAC Name (5-hydroxy-1H-indol-3-yl)acetic acid
CAS Registry Number 54-16-0
SMILES OC(=O)CC1=CNC2=CC=C(O)C=C12
InChI Identifier InChI=1S/C10H9NO3/c12-7-1-2-9-8(4-7)6(5-11-9)3-10(13)14/h1-2,4-5,11-12H,3H2,(H,13,14)
InChI Key DUUGKQCEGZLZNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom Organic Compounds
Super Class Aromatic Heteropolycyclic Compounds
Class Indoles
Sub Class Indolyl Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
Other Descriptors
  • Indoles
  • indole-3-acetic acids(ChEBI)
Substituents
  • Carboxylic Acid
  • Phenol
  • Phenol Derivative
  • Pyrrole
Direct Parent Indole-3-acetic Acid Derivatives
Ontology
Status Detected and Quantified
Origin
  • Endogenous
Biofunction Not Available
Application Not Available
Cellular locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Physical Properties
State Solid
Experimental Properties
Property Value Reference
Melting Point 161 - 163 °C Not Available
Boiling Point Not Available Not Available
Water Solubility 24 mg/mL Not Available
LogP Not Available Not Available
Predicted Properties
Property Value Source
Water Solubility 1.8 g/L ALOGPS
LogP 1.28 ALOGPS
LogP 1.41 ChemAxon
LogS -2.03 ALOGPS
pKa (strongest acidic) 4.22 ChemAxon
pKa (strongest basic) -5.5 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count 3 ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count 3 ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area 73.32 A2 ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count 2 ChemAxon
Refractivity 50.43 ChemAxon
Polarizability 18.71 ChemAxon
Formal Charge 0 ChemAxon
Physiological Charge -1 ChemAxon
Spectra
Gas-MS Spectrum
1H NMR Spectrum
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 10
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 25
MS/MS Spectrum Quattro_QQQ 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 10
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 20
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 30
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 40
MS/MS Spectrum LC-ESI-QQ (API3000, Applied Biosystems) 50
MS/MS Spectrum GC-EI-TOF (Pegasus III TOF-MS system, Leco; GC 6890, Agilent Technologies )
MS/MS Spectrum GC-MS
[1H,13C] 2D NMR Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Mitochondria
Biofluid Locations
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
  • Urine
Tissue Location
  • Testes
  • Liver
  • Brain
  • Prostate
  • Nerve Cells
  • Platelet
  • Spleen
  • Hippocampus
  • Central Nervous System
  • Spinal Cord
  • Hypothalamus
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tryptophan Metabolism SMP00063 map00380 Link_out
Normal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
Article_icon
0.0516 +/- 0.0068 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.307 (0.152-0.462) uM Infant (0-1 year old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.428-1.122 uM Children (1-13 year old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.119-0.608 uM Children (1-13 year old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.07-0.14 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.109-0.214 uM Children (1-13 year old) Male Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.1-0.245 uM Children (1-13 year old) Male Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.61 +/- 0.06 uM Children (1-13 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.4 +/- 0.07 uM Adult (>18 years old) Male Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.47 (0.15-0.80) uM Infant (0-1 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.025 +/- 0.011 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.143 +/- 0.045 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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3.0 (0.48-4.5) umol/mmol creatinine Children (1-13 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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1.57 +/- 0.38 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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4.75 +/- 5.38 umol/mmol creatinine Infant (0-1 year old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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1.18 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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11.0 (4.0-18.0) umol/mmol creatinine Infant (0-1 year old) Not Specified Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and not Quantified
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Not Applicable Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Urine compound detected by GC-MS
Urine Detected and Quantified
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1.5 (0-7.2) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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1.1 +/- 0.5 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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2.4 +/- 0.40 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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2.9(0.4-5.8) umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Both Normal by GC-MS
Abnormal Concentrations
Biofluid Status Value Age Sex Condition Comments
Blood Detected and Quantified
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0.0475 +/- 0.0130 uM Adult (>18 years old) Male Schizophrenia Not Available
Blood Detected and Quantified
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0.0449 +/- 0.0140 uM Adult (>18 years old) Female Schizophrenia Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0703 +/- 0.0254 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both celiac disease Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.22725 (0.117-0.519) uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified PNPO deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0045 (0.004-0.005) uM Children (1-13 year old) Male sepiapterin reductase deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0025 (0.0000-0.0050) uM Infant (0-1 year old) Male Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.519 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified PNPO deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.122 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified PNPO deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.117 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified PNPO deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.151 uM Newborn (0-30 days old) Not Specified PNPO deficiency Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.071 +/- 0.0268 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified celiac disease Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.33 +/- 0.04 uM Children (1-13 year old) Both Epilepsy Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.1491 +/- 0.0591 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Leuprolide acetate-induce hypogonadism Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.1373 +/- 0.0457 uM Adult (>18 years old) Not Specified Leuprolide acetate-induced hypogonadism with testosterone replacment Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.08 +/- 0.08 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Major depression Also known as major depressive disorder,...
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0887 +/- 0.0385 uM Not Specified Not Specified Bipolar with childhood ADHD (attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder) Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.116 +/- 0.0479 uM Not Specified Not Specified pure bipolar Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.126 +/- 0.0526 uM Not Specified Not Specified Control (men) Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.096 +/- 0.0384 uM Not Specified Female Control (women) Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.112 +/- 0.0483 uM Not Specified Not Specified With lithium treatment Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0983 +/- 0.0444 uM Not Specified Not Specified Without lithium treatment Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.0912 +/- 0.0387 uM Not Specified Not Specified With antipsychotic treatment Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.123 +/- 0.0505 uM Not Specified Not Specified Without antipsychotic treatment Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.116 +/- 0.053 uM Not Specified Not Specified With episodes of interpersonal violence Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.104 +/- 0.0386 uM Not Specified Not Specified Without episodes of interpersonal violence Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.1 +/- 0.01 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Friedreich's ataxia Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.11 +/- 0.01 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.1 +/- 0.02 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Spastic Ataxia Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Detected and Quantified
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0.019 +/- 0.0094 uM Adult (>18 years old) Both Schizophrenia Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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0.9 +/- 0.0 umol/mmol creatinine Infant (0-1 year old) Male Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency Not Available
Urine Detected and Quantified
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5.0 umol/mmol creatinine Adult (>18 years old) Male Carcinoid tumors Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Epilepsy
  • Shaywitz BA, Cohen DJ, Bowers MB: Reduced cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in children with epilepsy. Neurology. 1975 Jan;25(1):72-9. Pubmed: 803305 Link_out
    Major depressive disorder
    • Sheline Y, Bardgett ME, Csernansky JG: Correlated reductions in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA and MHPG concentrations after treatment with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1997 Feb;17(1):11-4. Pubmed: 9004051 Link_out
      Friedreich's ataxia
      • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. Pubmed: 11383938 Link_out
        Olivopontocerebral atrophy
        • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. Pubmed: 11383938 Link_out
          Hereditary spastic paraplegia
          • Botez MI, Young SN: Biogenic amine metabolites and thiamine in cerebrospinal fluid in heredo-degenerative ataxias. Can J Neurol Sci. 2001 May;28(2):134-40. Pubmed: 11383938 Link_out
            Schizophrenia
            • Alfredsson G, Wiesel FA: Monoamine metabolites and amino acids in serum from schizophrenic patients before and during sulpiride treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1989;99(3):322-7. Pubmed: 2480613 Link_out
            • Do KQ, Lauer CJ, Schreiber W, Zollinger M, Gutteck-Amsler U, Cuenod M, Holsboer F: gamma-Glutamylglutamine and taurine concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid of drug-naive patients with schizophrenic disorders. J Neurochem. 1995 Dec;65(6):2652-62. Pubmed: 7595563 Link_out
              Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency
              • Abdenur JE, Abeling N, Specola N, Jorge L, Schenone AB, van Cruchten AC, Chamoles NA: Aromatic l-aminoacid decarboxylase deficiency: unusual neonatal presentation and additional findings in organic acid analysis. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Jan;87(1):48-53. Epub 2005 Nov 9. Pubmed: 16288991 Link_out
                Associated OMIM IDs
                • 107930 Link_out (Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency)
                • 608516 Link_out (Major depressive disorder)
                • 181500 Link_out (Schizophrenia)
                • 229300 Link_out (Friedreich's ataxia)
                • 182601 Link_out (Hereditary spastic paraplegia)
                DrugBank ID Not Available
                Phenol Explorer Compound ID Not Available
                Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID Not Available
                FoodDB ID FDB001403
                KNApSAcK ID C00000104 Link_out
                Chemspider ID 1760 Link_out
                KEGG Compound ID C05635 Link_out
                BioCyc ID 5-HYDROXYINDOLE_ACETATE Link_out
                BiGG ID 46167 Link_out
                Wikipedia Link 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid Link_out
                NuGOwiki Link HMDB00763 Link_out
                Metagene Link HMDB00763 Link_out
                METLIN ID 2975 Link_out
                PubChem Compound 1826 Link_out
                PDB ID HID Link_out
                ChEBI ID 27823 Link_out
                References
                Synthesis Reference Asero, B.; Colo, V. A.; Vercellone, A. Preparation of 5-hydroxy-3-indoleacetic acid. Farmaco, Edizione Scientifica (1956), 11 219-20.
                Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
                General References
                1. Carpenter LL, Anderson GM, Siniscalchi JM, Chappell PB, Price LH: Acute changes in cerebrospinal fluid 5-HIAA following oral paroxetine challenge in healthy humans. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2003 Feb;28(2):339-47. Pubmed: 12589387 Link_out
                2. Owens MJ, Nemeroff CB: Role of serotonin in the pathophysiology of depression: focus on the serotonin transporter. Clin Chem. 1994 Feb;40(2):288-95. Pubmed: 7508830 Link_out
                3. Li JM, Kong LD, Wang YM, Cheng CH, Zhang WY, Tan WZ: Behavioral and biochemical studies on chronic mild stress models in rats treated with a Chinese traditional prescription Banxia-houpu decoction. Life Sci. 2003 Nov 21;74(1):55-73. Pubmed: 14575813 Link_out
                4. Christofides J, Bridel M, Egerton M, Mackay GM, Forrest CM, Stoy N, Darlington LG, Stone TW: Blood 5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and melatonin levels in patients with either Huntington's disease or chronic brain injury. J Neurochem. 2006 May;97(4):1078-88. Epub 2006 Mar 29. Pubmed: 16573644 Link_out
                5. Csernansky JG, Sheline YI: Abnormalities of serotonin metabolism and nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 1993 Dec;5(4):275-81. Pubmed: 8312985 Link_out
                6. Rotondo A, Schuebel K, Bergen A, Aragon R, Virkkunen M, Linnoila M, Goldman D, Nielsen D: Identification of four variants in the tryptophan hydroxylase promoter and association to behavior. Mol Psychiatry. 1999 Jul;4(4):360-8. Pubmed: 10483053 Link_out
                7. Walendzik H, Zimmer G, Skopp G: [Serotonin, 5-hydroxyindolylacetic acid and cholesterol content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid and brain areas for differentiation of suicidal from non-suicidal cause of death] Arch Kriminol. 2000 May-Jun;205(5-6):131-44. Pubmed: 10923167 Link_out
                8. Fukuda H, Nakamura S, Hara K, Udaka F, Kameyama M: [Study on the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in neurological diseases] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1989 Sep;29(9):1192-4. Pubmed: 2480863 Link_out
                9. Meltzer H: Serotonergic dysfunction in depression. Br J Psychiatry Suppl. 1989 Dec;(8):25-31. Pubmed: 2692637 Link_out
                10. Yamamoto M: Depression in Parkinson's disease: its prevalence, diagnosis, and neurochemical background. J Neurol. 2001 Sep;248 Suppl 3:III5-11. Pubmed: 11697689 Link_out
                11. Korpi ER, Kleinman JE, Goodman SI, Phillips I, DeLisi LE, Linnoila M, Wyatt RJ: Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in brains of suicide victims. Comparison in chronic schizophrenic patients with suicide as cause of death. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1986 Jun;43(6):594-600. Pubmed: 2423050 Link_out
                12. Castejon AM, Paez X, Hernandez L, Cubeddu LX: Use of intravenous microdialysis to monitor changes in serotonin release and metabolism induced by cisplatin in cancer patients: comparative effects of granisetron and ondansetron. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Dec;291(3):960-6. Pubmed: 10565811 Link_out
                13. Lambert GW, Kaye DM, Cox HS, Vaz M, Turner AG, Jennings GL, Esler MD: Regional 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid production in humans. Life Sci. 1995;57(3):255-67. Pubmed: 7541101 Link_out
                14. Borg S, Kvande H, Liljeberg P, Mossberg D, Valverius P: 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid in cerebrospinal fluid in alcoholic patients under different clinical conditions. Alcohol. 1985 May-Jun;2(3):415-8. Pubmed: 2411275 Link_out
                15. Celada P, Sarrias MJ, Artigas F: Serotonin and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in plasma. Potential use as peripheral measures of MAO-A activity. J Neural Transm Suppl. 1990;32:149-54. Pubmed: 1708403 Link_out
                16. Feldman JM: Urinary serotonin in the diagnosis of carcinoid tumors. Clin Chem. 1986 May;32(5):840-4. Pubmed: 2421946 Link_out
                17. Mann JJ, McBride PA, Brown RP, Linnoila M, Leon AC, DeMeo M, Mieczkowski T, Myers JE, Stanley M: Relationship between central and peripheral serotonin indexes in depressed and suicidal psychiatric inpatients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1992 Jun;49(6):442-6. Pubmed: 1376106 Link_out
                18. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. Pubmed: 19212411 Link_out
                Enzymes
                Name: Hydroxyindole O-methyltransferase
                Reactions:
                • S-adenosyl-L-methionine + N-acetylserotonin = S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine + melatonin [RN:R03130]
                Gene Name: ASMT
                Uniprot ID: P46597 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Aldehyde oxidase
                Reactions:
                • an aldehyde + H2O + O2 = a carboxylic acid + H2O2 [RN:R00635]
                Gene Name: AOX1
                Uniprot ID: Q06278 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: 4-trimethylaminobutyraldehyde dehydrogenase
                Reactions:
                • 4-trimethylammoniobutanal + NAD+ + H2O = 4-trimethylammoniobutanoate + NADH + 2 H+ [RN:R03283]
                Gene Name: ALDH9A1
                Uniprot ID: P49189 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Alpha-aminoadipic semialdehyde dehydrogenase
                Reactions:
                • L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = L-2-aminoadipate + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R03102 R03103]
                Gene Name: ALDH7A1
                Uniprot ID: P49419 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A3
                Reactions:
                • an aldehyde + NAD(P)+ + H2O = an acid + NAD(P)H + H+ [RN:R00538 R00634]
                Gene Name: ALDH1A3
                Uniprot ID: P47895 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
                Reactions:
                • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
                Gene Name: ALDH2
                Uniprot ID: P05091 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase
                Reactions:
                • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
                Gene Name: ALDH3A2
                Uniprot ID: P51648 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA
                Name: Aldehyde dehydrogenase X, mitochondrial
                Reactions:
                • an aldehyde + NAD+ + H2O = an acid + NADH + H+ [RN:R00538]
                Gene Name: ALDH1B1
                Uniprot ID: P30837 Link_out
                Protein Sequence: FASTA
                Gene Sequence: FASTA