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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for dGDP (HMDB00960)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:24
Accession Number HMDB00960
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name dGDP
Description dGDP is a derivative of the common nucleic acid GTP, or guanosine triphosphate, in which the -OH (hydroxyl) group on the 2' carbon on the nucleotide's pentose has been removed (hence the deoxy- part of the name). Additionally, the diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphoryl groups of GTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis (Wikipedia).
Synonyms
  1. 2'-deoxyguanosine-5'-diphosphate
  2. dGDP
  3. deoxyguanosine-diphosphate
  4. 2'-Deoxy-GDP
  5. 5'-dGDP
  6. Deoxyguanosine 5'-diphosphate
  7. Deoxyguanosine diphosphate
Chemical IUPAC Name [[5-(2-amino-6-oxo-3H-purin-9-yl)-3-hydroxy-oxolan-2-yl]methoxy-hydroxy-phosphoryl]oxyphosphonic acid
Chemical Formula C10H15N5O10P2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Nucleosides and Nucleoside conjugates
Class
  • Nucleotides
Sub Class
  • Nucleotide diphosphates
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • primary amine
  • primary aromatic amine
  • oxo(het)arene
  • phosphoric acid ester
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • DNA component
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 427.201
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 427.029419
Isomeric SMILES NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2[C@H]2C[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O2)C(=O)N1
Canonical SMILES NC1=NC2=C(N=CN2C2CC(O)C(COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O)O2)C(=O)N1
KEGG Compound ID Not Available
BioCyc ID DGDP Link Image
BiGG ID 34741 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB00960 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB00960 Link Image
METLIN ID 5906 Link Image
PubChem Compound 644 Link Image
PubChem Substance 6592684 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 3493-09-2
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C10H15N5O10P2/c11-10-13-8-7(9(17)14-10)12-3-15(8)6-1-4(16)5(24-6)2-23-27(21,22)25-26(18,19)20/h3-6,16H,1-2H2,(H,21,22)(H2,18,19,20)(H3,11,13,14,17)/t4-,5+,6+/m0/s1
Synthesis Reference Klenow, Hans; Lichtler, Eleanor; Andersen, Bjorn. Adenine deoxyriboside polyphosphates. Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1956), 10 159-60
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility 5.5 mg/mL [HMP experimental] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 3.60 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -3
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.45 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -4 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID 1S59 Link Image
Experimental PDB File Show
Experimental PDB Structure
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
  • mitochondria
  • nucleus
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Purine Metabolism SMP00050 Link Image map00230 Link Image
General References
  1. Nomanbhoy TK, Leonard DA, Manor D, Cerione RA: Investigation of the GTP-binding/GTPase cycle of Cdc42Hs using extrinsic reporter group fluorescence. Biochemistry. 1996 Apr 9;35(14):4602-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Rothwell PS: The new MFGDP (UK) examination (formerly, the DGDP [UK]) Br Dent J. 1999 Oct 9;187(7):354-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Brady WA, Kokoris MS, Fitzgibbon M, Black ME: Cloning, characterization, and modeling of mouse and human guanylate kinases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 12;271(28):16734-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bialkowski K, Kasprzak KS: Inhibition of 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine 5'-triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (8-oxo-dGTPase) activity of the antimutagenic human MTH1 protein by nucleoside 5'-diphosphates. Free Radic Biol Med. 2003 Sep 15;35(6):595-602. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kumar V, Spangenberg O, Konrad M: Cloning of the guanylate kinase homologues AGK-1 and AGK-2 from Arabidopsis thaliana and characterization of AGK-1. Eur J Biochem. 2000 Jan;267(2):606-15. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6
  2. Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L
  3. Guanylate kinase
  4. Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5346
Enzyme 1 Name Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. NDK 6
  2. NDP kinase 6
  3. Inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis-alpha
  4. IPIA-alpha
  5. nm23-H6
Enzyme 1 Gene Name NME6
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Nucleoside diphosphate kinase 6
MASILRSPQALQLTLALIKPDAVAHPLILEAVHQQILSNKFLIVRMRELLWRKEDCQRFY
REHEGRFFYQRLVEFMASGPIRAYILAHKDAIQLWRTLMGPTRVFRARHVAPDSIRGSFG
LTDTRNTTHGSDSVVSASREIAAFFPDFSEQRWYEEEEPQLRCGPVCYSPEGGVHYVAGT
GGLGPA
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 186
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 21142.0
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.49
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • ATP binding
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • adenyl ribonucleotide binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleoside binding
  • nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity
  • phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor
  • purine nucleoside binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • CTP biosynthetic process
  • GTP biosynthetic process
  • UTP biosynthetic process
  • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
  • nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
  • nucleotide metabolic process
  • purine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
  • purine nucleotide biosynthetic process
  • purine nucleotide metabolic process
  • purine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
  • pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
  • pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthetic process
  • pyrimidine nucleotide metabolic process
  • pyrimidine ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in nucleoside diphosphate kinase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Major role in the synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates other than ATP. The ATP gamma phosphate is transferred to the NDP beta phosphate via a ping-pong mechanism, using a phosphorylated active-site intermediate. Inhibitor of p53-induced apoptosis
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • ATP + nucleoside diphosphate = ADP + nucleoside triphosphate [RN:R00331]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 3228530 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O75414 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name NDK6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >561 bp
ATGGCCTCAATCTTGCGAAGCCCTCAGGCTCTCCAGCTCACTCTAGCCCTGATCAAGCCT
GACGCAGTCGCCCATCCACTGATTCTGGAGGCTGTTCATCAGCAGATTCTAAGCAACAAG
TTCCTGATTGTACGAATGAGAGAACTACTGTGGAGAAAGGAAGATTGCCAGAGGTTTTAC
CGAGAGCATGAAGGGCGTTTTTTCTATCAGAGGCTGGTGGAGTTCATGGCCAGCGGGCCA
ATCCGAGCCTACATCCTTGCCCACAAGGATGCCATCCAGCTCTGGAGGACGCTCATGGGA
CCCACCAGAGTGTTCCGAGCACGCCATGTGGCCCCAGATTCTATCCGTGGGAGTTTCGGC
CTCACTGACACCCGCAACACCACCCATGGTTCGGACTCTGTGGTTTCAGCCAGCAGAGAG
ATTGCAGCCTTCTTCCCTGACTTCAGTGAACAGCGCTGGTATGAGGAGGAAGAGCCCCAG
TTGCGCTGTGGCCCTGTGTGCTATAGCCCAGAGGGAGGTGTCCACTATGTAGCTGGAACA
GGAGGCCTAGGACCAGCCTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AF051941 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID NME6 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID NME6 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:20567 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 3
Enzyme 1 Locus 3p21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Mehus JG, Deloukas P, Lambeth DO: NME6: a new member of the nm23/nucleoside diphosphate kinase gene family located on human chromosome 3p21.3. Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):454-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Muzny DM, Scherer SE, Kaul R, Wang J, Yu J, Sudbrak R, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Wei S, Wheeler DA, Wright MW, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clendenning J, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Chen R, Chen Z, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Dong W, Draper H, Ernst S, Fu G, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Garcia DK, Gillett W, Gu J, Hao B, Haugen E, Havlak P, He X, Hennig S, Hu S, Huang W, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Kube M, Levy R, Li Z, Liu B, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Palmeiri A, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Phelps KA, Plopper FJ, Qiang B, Raymond C, Rodriguez R, Saenphimmachak C, Santibanez J, Shen H, Shen Y, Subramanian S, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang J, Wang J, Wang Q, Williams GA, Wong GK, Yao Z, Zhang J, Zhang X, Zhao G, Zhou J, Zhou Y, Nelson D, Lehrach H, Reinhardt R, Naylor SL, Yang H, Olson M, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The DNA sequence, annotation and analysis of human chromosome 3. Nature. 2006 Apr 27;440(7088):1194-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 6041
Enzyme 2 Name Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Pyruvate kinase 1
  2. R-type/L-type pyruvate kinase
  3. Red cell/liver pyruvate kinase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name PKLR
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Pyruvate kinase isozymes R/L
MSIQENISSLQLRSWVSKSQRDLAKSILIGAPGGPAGYLRRASVAQLTQELGTAFFQQQQ
LPAAMADTFLEHLCLLDIDSEPVAARSTSIIATIGPASRSVERLKEMIKAGMNIARLNFS
HGSHEYHAESIANVREAVESFAGSPLSYRPVAIALDTKGPEIRTGILQGGPESEVELVKG
SQVLVTVDPAFRTRGNANTVWVDYPNIVRVVPVGGRIYIDDGLISLVVQKIGPEGLVTQV
ENGGVLGSRKGVNLPGAQVDLPGLSEQDVRDLRFGVEHGVDIVFASFVRKASDVAAVRAA
LGPEGHGIKIISKIENHEGVKRFDEILEVSDGIMVARGDLGIEIPAEKVFLAQKMMIGRC
NLAGKPVVCATQMLESMITKPRPTRAETSDVANAVLDGADCIMLSGETAKGNFPVEAVKM
QHAIAREAEAAVYHRQLFEELRRAAPLSRDPTEVTAIGAVEAAFKCCAAAIIVLTTTGRS
AQLLSRYRPRAAVIAVTRSAQAARQVHLCRGVFPLLYREPPEAIWADDVDRRVQFGIESG
KLRGFLRVGDLVIVVTGWRPGSGYTNIMRVLSIS
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 574
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 61829.6
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 7.83
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • alkali metal ion binding
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • kinase activity
  • magnesium ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • potassium ion binding
  • pyruvate kinase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • glucose catabolic process
  • glucose metabolic process
  • glycolysis
  • hexose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in magnesium ion binding
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Plays a key role in glycolysis
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • ATP + pyruvate = ADP + phosphoenolpyruvate [RN:R00200]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P30613 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name KPYR_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1LIU Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1725 bp
ATGTCGATCCAGGAGAACATATCATCCCTGCAGCTTCGGTCATGGGTCTCTAAGTCCCAA
AGAGACTTAGCAAAGTCCATCCTGATTGGGGCTCCAGGAGGGCCAGCGGGGTATCTGCGG
CGGGCCAGTGTGGCCCAACTGACCCAGGAGCTGGGCACTGCCTTCTTCCAGCAGCAGCAG
CTGCCAGCTGCTATGGCAGACACCTTCCTGGAACACCTCTGCCTACTGGACATTGACTCC
GAGCCCGTGGCTGCTCGCAGTACCAGCATCATTGCCACCATCGGGCCAGCATCTCGCTCC
GTGGAGCGCCTCAAGGAGATGATCAAGGCCGGGATGAACATTGCGCGACTCAACTTCTCC
CACGGCTCCCACGAGTACCATGCTGAGTCCATCGCCAACGTCCGGGAGGCGGTGGAGAGC
TTTGCAGGTTCCCCACTCAGCTACCGGCCCGTGGCCATCGCCCTGGACACCAAGGGACCG
GAGATCCGCACTGGGATCCTGCAGGGGGGTCCAGAGTCGGAAGTGGAGCTGGTGAAGGGC
TCCCAGGTGCTGGTGACTGTGGACCCCGCGTTCCGGACGCGGGGGAACGCGAACACCGTG
TGGGTGGACTACCCCAATATTGTCCGGGTCGTGCCGGTGGGGGGCCGCATCTACATTGAC
GACGGGCTCATCTCCCTAGTGGTCCAGAAAATCGGCCCAGAGGGACTGGTGACCCAAGTG
GAGAACGGCGGCGTCCTGGGCAGCCGGAAGGGCGTGAACTTGCCAGGGGCCCAGGTGGAC
TTGCCCGGGCTGTCCGAGCAGGACGTCCGAGACCTGCGCTTCGGGGTGGAGCATGGGGTG
GACATCGTCTTTGCCTCCTTTGTGCGGAAAGCCAGCGACGTGGCTGCCGTCAGGGCTGCT
CTGGGTCCGGAAGGACACGGCATCAAGATCATCAGCAAAATTGAGAACCACGAAGGCGTG
AAGAGGTTTGATGAAATCCTGGAGGTGAGCGACGGCATCATGGTGGCACGGGGGGACCTA
GGCATCGAGATCCCAGCAGAGAAGGTTTTCCTGGCTCAGAAGATGATGATTGGGCGCTGC
AACTTGGCGGGCAAGCCTGTTGTCTGTGCCACACAGATGCTGGAGAGCATGATTACCAAG
CCCCGGCCAACGAGGGCAGAGACAAGCGATGTCGCCAATGCTGTGCTGGATGGGGCTGAC
TGCATCATGCTGTCAGGGGAGACTGCCAAGGGCAACTTCCCTGTGGAAGCGGTGAAGATG
CAGCATGCGATTGCCCGGGAGGCAGAGGCCGCAGTGTACCACCGGCAGCTGTTTGAGGAG
CTACGTCGGGCAGCGCCACTAAGCCGTGATCCCACTGAGGTCACCGCCATTGGTGCTGTG
GAGGCTGCCTTCAAGTGCTGTGCTGCTGCCATCATTGTGCTGACCACAACTGGCCGCTCA
GCCCAGCTTCTGTCTCGGTACCGACCTCGGGCAGCAGTCATTGCTGTCACCCGCTCTGCC
CAGGCTGCCCGCCAGGTCCACTTATGCCGAGGAGTCTTCCCCTTGCTTTACCGTGAACCT
CCAGAAGCCATCTGGGCAGATGATGTAGATCGCCGGGTGCAATTTGGCATTGAAAGTGGA
AAGCTCCGTGGCTTCCTCCGTGTTGGAGACCTGGTGATTGTGGTGACAGGCTGGCGACCT
GGCTCCGGCTACACCAACATCATGAGGGTGCTAAGCATATCCTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AB015983 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID PKLR Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID PKLR Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:9020 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 1q21
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Kanno H, Fujii H, Hirono A, Miwa S: cDNA cloning of human R-type pyruvate kinase and identification of a single amino acid substitution (Thr384----Met) affecting enzymatic stability in a pyruvate kinase variant (PK Tokyo) associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Sep 15;88(18):8218-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Tani K, Fujii H, Nagata S, Miwa S: Human liver type pyruvate kinase: complete amino acid sequence and the expression in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Mar;85(6):1792-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Tani K, Fujii H, Tsutsumi H, Sukegawa J, Toyoshima K, Yoshida MC, Noguchi T, Tanaka T, Miwa S: Human liver type pyruvate kinase: cDNA cloning and chromosomal assignment. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987 Mar 13;143(2):431-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kanno H, Fujii H, Tsujino G, Miwa S: Molecular basis of impaired pyruvate kinase isozyme conversion in erythroid cells: a single amino acid substitution near the active site and decreased mRNA content of the R-type PK. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Apr 15;192(1):46-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Beutler E, Baronciani L: Mutations in pyruvate kinase. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(1):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Baronciani L, Bianchi P, Zanella A: Hematologically important mutations: red cell pyruvate kinase. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1996;22(1):85-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Baronciani L, Bianchi P, Zanella A: Hematologically important mutations: red cell pyruvate kinase (1st update). Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1996;22(3):259-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Baronciani L, Bianchi P, Zanella A: Hematologically important mutations: red cell pyruvate kinase (2nd update). Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1998 Sep;24(3):273-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Bianchi P, Zanella A: Hematologically important mutations: red cell pyruvate kinase (Third update). Blood Cells Mol Dis. 2000 Feb;26(1):47-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Valentini G, Chiarelli LR, Fortin R, Dolzan M, Galizzi A, Abraham DJ, Wang C, Bianchi P, Zanella A, Mattevi A: Structure and function of human erythrocyte pyruvate kinase. Molecular basis of nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. J Biol Chem. 2002 Jun 28;277(26):23807-14. Epub 2002 Apr 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Neubauer B, Lakomek M, Winkler H, Parke M, Hofferbert S, Schroter W: Point mutations in the L-type pyruvate kinase gene of two children with hemolytic anemia caused by pyruvate kinase deficiency. Blood. 1991 May 1;77(9):1871-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Kanno H, Fujii H, Hirono A, Omine M, Miwa S: Identical point mutations of the R-type pyruvate kinase (PK) cDNA found in unrelated PK variants associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Blood. 1992 Mar 1;79(5):1347-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Kanno H, Fujii H, Miwa S: Low substrate affinity of pyruvate kinase variant (PK Sapporo) caused by a single amino acid substitution (426 Arg-->Gln) associated with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Blood. 1993 May 1;81(9):2439-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Baronciani L, Beutler E: Analysis of pyruvate kinase-deficiency mutations that produce nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 May 1;90(9):4324-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Kanno H, Ballas SK, Miwa S, Fujii H, Bowman HS: Molecular abnormality of erythrocyte pyruvate kinase deficiency in the Amish. Blood. 1994 Apr 15;83(8):2311-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Lenzner C, Nurnberg P, Thiele BJ, Reis A, Brabec V, Sakalova A, Jacobasch G: Mutations in the pyruvate kinase L gene in patients with hereditary hemolytic anemia. Blood. 1994 May 15;83(10):2817-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Baronciani L, Beutler E: Molecular study of pyruvate kinase deficient patients with hereditary nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia. J Clin Invest. 1995 Apr;95(4):1702-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Beutler E, Westwood B, van Zwieten R, Roos D: G-->T transition at cDNA nt 110 (K37Q) in the PKLR (pyruvate kinase) gene is the molecular basis of a case of hereditary increase of red blood cell ATP. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(3):282-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Zarza R, Alvarez R, Pujades A, Nomdedeu B, Carrera A, Estella J, Remacha A, Sanchez JM, Morey M, Cortes T, Perez Lungmus G, Bureo E, Vives Corrons JL: Molecular characterization of the PK-LR gene in pyruvate kinase deficient Spanish patients. Red Cell Pathology Group of the Spanish Society of Haematology (AEHH). Br J Haematol. 1998 Nov;103(2):377-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Cohen-Solal M, Prehu C, Wajcman H, Poyart C, Bardakdjian-Michau J, Kister J, Prome D, Valentin C, Bachir D, Galacteros F: A new sickle cell disease phenotype associating Hb S trait, severe pyruvate kinase deficiency (PK Conakry), and an alpha2 globin gene variant (Hb Conakry). Br J Haematol. 1998 Dec;103(4):950-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Pastore L, Della Morte R, Frisso G, Alfinito F, Vitale D, Calise RM, Ferraro F, Zagari A, Rotoli B, Salvatore F: Novel mutations and structural implications in R-type pyruvate kinase-deficient patients from Southern Italy. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(2):127-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Zanella A, Bianchi P, Fermo E, Iurlo A, Zappa M, Vercellati C, Boschetti C, Baronciani L, Cotton F: Molecular characterization of the PK-LR gene in sixteen pyruvate kinase-deficient patients. Br J Haematol. 2001 Apr;113(1):43-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. van Wijk R, Huizinga EG, van Wesel AC, van Oirschot BA, Hadders MA, van Solinge WW: Fifteen novel mutations in PKLR associated with pyruvate kinase (PK) deficiency: structural implications of amino acid substitutions in PK. Hum Mutat. 2009 Mar;30(3):446-53. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 6218
Enzyme 3 Name Guanylate kinase
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. GMP kinase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name GUK1
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Guanylate kinase
MSGPRPVVLSGPSGAGKSTLLKRLLQEHSGIFGFSVSHTTRNPRPGEENGKDYYFVTREV
MQRDIAAGDFIEHAEFSGNLYGTSKVAVQAVQAMNRICVLDVDLQGVRNIKATDLRPIYI
SVQPPSLHVLEQRLRQRNTETEESLVKRLAAAQADMESSKEPGLFDVVIINDSLDQAYAE
LKEALSEEIKKAQRTGA
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 197
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 21725.4
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.53
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • guanylate kinase activity
  • phosphotransferase activity, phosphate group as acceptor
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
  • nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
  • nucleotide metabolic process
  • purine nucleotide metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in guanylate kinase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cGMP
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • ATP + GMP = ADP + GDP [RN:R00332]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 1196436 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16774 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name KGUA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >594 bp
ATGTCGGGCCCCAGGCCTGTGGTGCTGAGCGGGCCTTCGGGAGCTGGGAAGAGCACCCTG
CTGAAGAGGCTGCTCCAGGAGCACAGCGGCATCTTTGGCTTCAGCGTGTCCCATACCACG
AGGAACCCGAGGCCCGGCGAGGAGAACGGCAAAGATTACTACTTTGTAACCAGGGAGGTG
ATGCAGCGTGACATAGCAGCCGGCGACTTCATCGAGCATGCCGAGTTCTCGGGGAACCTG
TATGGCACGAGCAAGGTGGCGGTGCAGGCCGTGCAGGCCATGAACCGCATCTGTGTGCTG
GACGTGGACCTGCAGGGTGTGCGGAACATCAAGGCCACCGATCTGCGGCCCATCTACATC
TCTGTGCAGCCGCCTTCACTGCACGTGCTGGAGCAGCGGCTGCGGCAGCGCAACACTGAA
ACCGAGGAGAGCCTGGTGAAGCGGCTGGCTGCTGCCCAGGCCGACATGGAGAGCAGCAAG
GAGCCCGGCCTGTTTGATGTGGTCATCATTAACGACAGCCTGGACCAGGCCTACGCAGAG
CTGAAGGAGGCGCTCTCTGAGGAAATCAAGAAAGCTCAAAGGACCGGCGCCTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID L76200 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID GUK1 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID GUK1 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:4693 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1q32-q41
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Fitzgibbon J, Katsanis N, Wells D, Delhanty J, Vallins W, Hunt DM: Human guanylate kinase (GUK1): cDNA sequence, expression and chromosomal localisation. FEBS Lett. 1996 May 6;385(3):185-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Brady WA, Kokoris MS, Fitzgibbon M, Black ME: Cloning, characterization, and modeling of mouse and human guanylate kinases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jul 12;271(28):16734-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 13094
Enzyme 4 Name Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. TP53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase M2 B
  2. p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase small subunit 2-like protein
  3. p53R2
Enzyme 4 Gene Name RRM2B
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B
MGDPERPEAAGLDQDERSSSDTNESEIKSNEEPLLRKSSRRFVIFPIQYPDIWKMYKQAQ
ASFWTAEEVDLSKDLPHWNKLKADEKYFISHILAFFAASDGIVNENLVERFSQEVQVPEA
RCFYGFQILIENVHSEMYSLLIDTYIRDPKKREFLFNAIETMPYVKKKADWALRWIADRK
STFGERVVAFAAVEGVFFSGSFAAIFWLKKRGLMPGLTFSNELISRDEGLHCDFACLMFQ
YLVNKPSEERVREIIVDAVKIEQEFLTEALPVGLIGMNCILMKQYIEFVADRLLVELGFS
KVFQAENPFDFMENISLEGKTNFFEKRVSEYQRFAVMAETTDNVFTLDADF
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 351
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 40736.1
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 4.61
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on CH or CH2 groups, disulfide as acceptor
  • ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase activity
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • cellular nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • nitrogen compound metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide metabolic process
  • nucleobase, nucleoside, nucleotide and nucleic acid metabolic process
  • nucleoside diphosphate metabolic process
  • nucleoside phosphate metabolic process
  • nucleotide metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Plays a pivotal role in cell survival by repairing damaged DNA in a p53/TP53-dependent manner. Supplies deoxyribonucleotides for DNA repair in cells arrested at G1 or G2. Contains an iron-tyrosyl free radical center required for catalysis. Forms an active ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) complex with RRM1 which is expressed both in resting and proliferating cells in response to DNA damage
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin disulfide + H2O = ribonucleoside diphosphate + thioredoxin [RN:R04294]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q7LG56 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RIR2B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1056 bp
ATGGGCGACCCGGAAAGGCCGGAAGCGGCCGGGCTGGATCAGGATGAGAGATCATCTTCA
GACACCAACGAAAGTGAAATAAAGTCAAATGAAGAGCCACTCCTAAGAAAGAGTTCTCGC
CGGTTTGTCATCTTTCCAATCCAGTACCCTGATATTTGGAAAATGTATAAACAGGCACAG
GCTTCCTTCTGGACAGCAGAAGAGGTCGACTTATCAAAGGATCTCCCTCACTGGAACAAG
CTTAAAGCAGATGAGAAGTACTTCATCTCTCACATCTTAGCCTTTTTTGCAGCCAGTGAT
GGAATTGTAAATGAAAATTTGGTGGAGCGCTTTAGTCAGGAGGTGCAGGTTCCAGAGGCT
CGCTGTTTCTATGGCTTTCAAATTCTCATCGAGAATGTTCACTCAGAGATGTACAGTTTG
CTGATAGACACTTACATCAGAGATCCCAAGAAAAGGGAATTTTTATTTAATGCAATTGAA
ACCATGCCCTATGTTAAGAAAAAAGCAGATTGGGCCTTGCGATGGATAGCAGATAGAAAA
TCTACTTTTGGGGAAAGAGTGGTGGCCTTTGCTGCTGTAGAAGGAGTTTTCTTCTCAGGA
TCTTTTGCTGCTATATTCTGGCTAAAGAAGAGAGGTCTTATGCCAGGACTCACTTTTTCC
AATGAACTCATCAGCAGAGATGAAGGACTTCACTGTGACTTTGCTTGCCTGATGTTCCAA
TACTTAGTAAATAAGCCTTCAGAAGAAAGGGTCAGGGAGATCATTGTTGATGCTGTCAAA
ATTGAGCAGGAGTTTTTAACAGAAGCCTTGCCAGTTGGCCTCATTGGAATGAATTGCATT
TTGATGAAACAGTACATTGAGTTTGTAGCTGACAGATTACTTGTGGAACTTGGATTCTCA
AAGGTTTTTCAGGCAGAAAATCCTTTTGATTTTATGGAAAACATTTCTTTAGAAGGAAAA
ACAAATTTCTTTGAGAAACGAGTTTCAGAGTATCAGCGTTTTGCAGTTATGGCAGAAACC
ACAGATAACGTCTTCACCTTGGATGCAGATTTTTAA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AB036063 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID RRM2B Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID RRM2B Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:17296 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 4 Locus 8q23.1
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Tanaka H, Arakawa H, Yamaguchi T, Shiraishi K, Fukuda S, Matsui K, Takei Y, Nakamura Y: A ribonucleotide reductase gene involved in a p53-dependent cell-cycle checkpoint for DNA damage. Nature. 2000 Mar 2;404(6773):42-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Guittet O, Hakansson P, Voevodskaya N, Fridd S, Graslund A, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Thelander L: Mammalian p53R2 protein forms an active ribonucleotide reductase in vitro with the R1 protein, which is expressed both in resting cells in response to DNA damage and in proliferating cells. J Biol Chem. 2001 Nov 2;276(44):40647-51. Epub 2001 Aug 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Yamaguchi T, Matsuda K, Sagiya Y, Iwadate M, Fujino MA, Nakamura Y, Arakawa H: p53R2-dependent pathway for DNA synthesis in a p53-regulated cell cycle checkpoint. Cancer Res. 2001 Nov 15;61(22):8256-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Xue L, Zhou B, Liu X, Qiu W, Jin Z, Yen Y: Wild-type p53 regulates human ribonucleotide reductase by protein-protein interaction with p53R2 as well as hRRM2 subunits. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 1;63(5):980-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Zhou B, Liu X, Mo X, Xue L, Darwish D, Qiu W, Shih J, Hwu EB, Luh F, Yen Y: The human ribonucleotide reductase subunit hRRM2 complements p53R2 in response to UV-induced DNA repair in cells with mutant p53. Cancer Res. 2003 Oct 15;63(20):6583-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Qiu W, Zhou B, Darwish D, Shao J, Yen Y: Characterization of enzymatic properties of human ribonucleotide reductase holoenzyme reconstituted in vitro from hRRM1, hRRM2, and p53R2 subunits. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2006 Feb 10;340(2):428-34. Epub 2005 Dec 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Tyynismaa H, Ylikallio E, Patel M, Molnar MJ, Haller RG, Suomalainen A: A heterozygous truncating mutation in RRM2B causes autosomal-dominant progressive external ophthalmoplegia with multiple mtDNA deletions. Am J Hum Genet. 2009 Aug;85(2):290-5. Epub 2009 Aug 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Smith P, Zhou B, Ho N, Yuan YC, Su L, Tsai SC, Yen Y: 2.6 A X-ray crystal structure of human p53R2, a p53-inducible ribonucleotide reductase . Biochemistry. 2009 Nov 24;48(46):11134-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Bourdon A, Minai L, Serre V, Jais JP, Sarzi E, Aubert S, Chretien D, de Lonlay P, Paquis-Flucklinger V, Arakawa H, Nakamura Y, Munnich A, Rotig A: Mutation of RRM2B, encoding p53-controlled ribonucleotide reductase (p53R2), causes severe mitochondrial DNA depletion. Nat Genet. 2007 Jun;39(6):776-80. Epub 2007 May 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Bornstein B, Area E, Flanigan KM, Ganesh J, Jayakar P, Swoboda KJ, Coku J, Naini A, Shanske S, Tanji K, Hirano M, DiMauro S: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome due to mutations in the RRM2B gene. Neuromuscul Disord. 2008 Jun;18(6):453-9. Epub 2008 May 27. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available