1. D-fructose-1-P
2. D-fructose-1-phosphate
3. Fructose 1-phosphate
4. Fructose 1-phosphic acid
5. fructose-1-P
6. fructose-1-phosphate
7. D-Fructose 1-phosphate

• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)

1. Alvarez E, Roncero I, Chowen JA, Vazquez P, Blazquez E: Evidence that glucokinase regulatory protein is expressed and interacts with glucokinase in rat brain. J Neurochem. 2002 Jan;80(1):45-53. [PubMed ]
2. Malaisse WJ: [Metabolic interactions between glucose and fructose] Bull Mem Acad R Med Belg. 2002;157(7-9):349-52; discussion 352-3. [PubMed ]
3. Watford M: Small amounts of dietary fructose dramatically increase hepatic glucose uptake through a novel mechanism of glucokinase activation. Nutr Rev. 2002 Aug;60(8):253-7. [PubMed ]
4. Wikipedia

1. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A
2. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase C
3. Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase B
4. Ketohexokinase
5. cDNA, FLJ92580, Homo sapiens aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate (ALDOC), mRNA (Aldolase C, fructose-bisphosphate, isoform CRA_a)

1. Lung cancer antigen NY-LU-1
2. Muscle-type aldolase

MPYQYPALTPEQKKELSDIAHRIVAPGKGILAADESTGSIAKRLQSIGTENTEENRRFYR
QLLLTADDRVNPCIGGVILFHETLYQKADDGRPFPQVIKSKGGVVGIKVDKGVVPLAGTN
GETTTQGLDGLSERCAQYKKDGADFAKWRCVLKIGEHTPSALAIMENANVLARYASICQQ
NGIVPIVEPEILPDGDHDLKRCQYVTEKVLAAVYKALSDHHIYLEGTLLKPNMVTPGHAC
TQKFSHEEIAMATVTALRRTVPPAVTGITFLSGGQSEEEASINLNAINKCPLLKPWALTF
SYGRALQASALKAWGGKKENLKAAQEEYVKRALANSLACQGKYTPSGQAGAAASESLFVS
NHAY

• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pentose Pathway (map00030 )

• D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate [RN:R01068]

• Glycolytic (PF00274 )

• None

• None

ATGCCCTACCAATATCCAGCACTGACCCCGGAGCAGAAGAAGGAGCTGTCTGACATCGCT
CACCGCATCGTGGCACCTGGCAAGGGCATCCTGGCTGCAGATGAGTCCACTGGGAGCATT
GCCAAGCGGCTGCAGTCCATTGGCACCGAGAACACCGAGGAGAACCGGCGCTTCTACCGC
CAGCTGCTGCTGACAGCTGACGACCGCGTGAACCCCTGCATTGGGGGTGTCATCCTCTTC
CATGAGACACTCTACCAGAAGGCGGATGATGGGCGTCCCTTCCCCCAAGTTATCAAATCC
AAGGGCGGTGTTGTGGGCATCAAGGTAGACAAGGGCGTGGTCCCCCTGGCAGGGACAAAT
GGCGAGACTACCACCCAAGGGTTGGATGGGCTGTCTGAGCGCTGTGCCCAGTACAAGAAG
GACGGAGCTGACTTCGCCAAGTGGCGTTGTGTGCTGAAGATTGGGGAACACACCCCCTCA
GCCCTCGCCATCATGGAAAATGCCAATGTTCTGGCCCGTTATGCCAGTATCTGCCAGCAG
AATGGCATTGTGCCCATCGTGGAGCCTGAGATCCTCCCTGATGGGGACCATGACTTGAAG
CGCTGCCAGTATGTGACCGAGAAGGTGCTGGCTGCTGTCTACAAGGCTCTGAGTGACCAC
CACATCTACCTGGAAGGCACCTTGCTGAAGCCCAACATGGTCACCCCAGGCCATGCTTGC
ACTCAGAAGTTTTCTCATGAGGAGATTGCCATGGCGACCGTCACAGCGCTGCGCCGCACA
GTGCCCCCCGCTGTCACTGGGATCACCTTCCTGTCTGGAGGCCAGAGTGAGGAGGAGGCG
TCCATCAACCTCAATGCCATTAACAAGTGCCCCCTGCTGAAGCCCTGGGCCCTGACCTTC
TCCTACGGCCGAGCCCTGCAGGCCTCTGCCCTGAAGGCCTGGGGCGGGAAGAAGGAGAAC
CTGAAGGCTGCGCAGGAGGAGTATGTCAAGCGAGCCCTGGCCAACAGCCTTGCCTGTCAA
GGAAAGTACACTCCGAGCGGTCAGGCTGGGGCTGCTGCCAGCGAGTCCCTCTTCGTCTCT
AACCACGCCTATTAA

1. Sakakibara M, Mukai T, Hori K: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase: a messenger RNA in the liver. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1985 Aug 30;131(1):413-20. [PubMed ]
2. Izzo P, Costanzo P, Lupo A, Rippa E, Borghese AM, Paolella G, Salvatore F: A new human species of aldolase A mRNA from fibroblasts. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Apr 1;164(1):9-13. [PubMed ]
3. Izzo P, Costanzo P, Lupo A, Rippa E, Paolella G, Salvatore F: Human aldolase A gene. Structural organization and tissue-specific expression by multiple promoters and alternate mRNA processing. Eur J Biochem. 1988 Jul 1;174(4):569-78. [PubMed ]
4. Mukai T, Arai Y, Yatsuki H, Joh K, Hori K: An additional promoter functions in the human aldolase A gene, but not in rat. Eur J Biochem. 1991 Feb 14;195(3):781-7. [PubMed ]
5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
6. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
7. Maire P, Gautron S, Hakim V, Gregori C, Mennecier F, Kahn A: Characterization of three optional promoters in the 5' region of the human aldolase A gene. J Mol Biol. 1987 Oct 5;197(3):425-38. [PubMed ]
8. Freemont PS, Dunbar B, Fothergill-Gilmore LA: The complete amino acid sequence of human skeletal-muscle fructose-bisphosphate aldolase. Biochem J. 1988 Feb 1;249(3):779-88. [PubMed ]
9. Freemont PS, Dunbar B, Fothergill LA: Human skeletal-muscle aldolase: N-terminal sequence analysis of CNBr- and o-iodosobenzoic acid-cleavage fragments. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1984 Jan;228(1):342-52. [PubMed ]
10. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed ]
11. Lee KN, Maxwell MD, Patterson MK Jr, Birckbichler PJ, Conway E: Identification of transglutaminase substrates in HT29 colon cancer cells: use of 5-(biotinamido)pentylamine as a transglutaminase-specific probe. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Jul 22;1136(1):12-6. [PubMed ]
12. Tolan DR, Niclas J, Bruce BD, Lebo RV: Evolutionary implications of the human aldolase-A, -B, -C, and -pseudogene chromosome locations. Am J Hum Genet. 1987 Nov;41(5):907-24. [PubMed ]
13. Rush J, Moritz A, Lee KA, Guo A, Goss VL, Spek EJ, Zhang H, Zha XM, Polakiewicz RD, Comb MJ: Immunoaffinity profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation in cancer cells. Nat Biotechnol. 2005 Jan;23(1):94-101. Epub 2004 Dec 12. [PubMed ]
14. Gevaert K, Staes A, Van Damme J, De Groot S, Hugelier K, Demol H, Martens L, Goethals M, Vandekerckhove J: Global phosphoproteome analysis on human HepG2 hepatocytes using reversed-phase diagonal LC. Proteomics. 2005 Sep;5(14):3589-99. [PubMed ]
15. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed ]
16. Kim SC, Sprung R, Chen Y, Xu Y, Ball H, Pei J, Cheng T, Kho Y, Xiao H, Xiao L, Grishin NV, White M, Yang XJ, Zhao Y: Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. Mol Cell. 2006 Aug;23(4):607-18. [PubMed ]
17. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed ]
18. Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed ]
19. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
20. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed ]
21. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed ]
22. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
23. Gamblin SJ, Cooper B, Millar JR, Davies GJ, Littlechild JA, Watson HC: The crystal structure of human muscle aldolase at 3.0 A resolution. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):282-6. [PubMed ]
24. Gamblin SJ, Davies GJ, Grimes JM, Jackson RM, Littlechild JA, Watson HC: Activity and specificity of human aldolases. J Mol Biol. 1991 Jun 20;219(4):573-6. [PubMed ]
25. Dalby A, Dauter Z, Littlechild JA: Crystal structure of human muscle aldolase complexed with fructose 1,6-bisphosphate: mechanistic implications. Protein Sci. 1999 Feb;8(2):291-7. [PubMed ]
26. Kishi H, Mukai T, Hirono A, Fujii H, Miwa S, Hori K: Human aldolase A deficiency associated with a hemolytic anemia: thermolabile aldolase due to a single base mutation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Dec;84(23):8623-7. [PubMed ]
27. Takasaki Y, Takahashi I, Mukai T, Hori K: Human aldolase A of a hemolytic anemia patient with Asp-128----Gly substitution: characteristics of an enzyme generated in E. coli transfected with the expression plasmid pHAAD128G. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1990 Aug;108(2):153-7. [PubMed ]
28. Kreuder J, Borkhardt A, Repp R, Pekrun A, Gottsche B, Gottschalk U, Reichmann H, Schachenmayr W, Schlegel K, Lampert F: Brief report: inherited metabolic myopathy and hemolysis due to a mutation in aldolase A. N Engl J Med. 1996 Apr 25;334(17):1100-4. [PubMed ]
29. Yao DC, Tolan DR, Murray MF, Harris DJ, Darras BT, Geva A, Neufeld EJ: Hemolytic anemia and severe rhabdomyolysis caused by compound heterozygous mutations of the gene for erythrocyte/muscle isozyme of aldolase, ALDOA(Arg303X/Cys338Tyr). Blood. 2004 Mar 15;103(6):2401-3. Epub 2003 Nov 13. [PubMed ]
30. Esposito G, Vitagliano L, Costanzo P, Borrelli L, Barone R, Pavone L, Izzo P, Zagari A, Salvatore F: Human aldolase A natural mutants: relationship between flexibility of the C-terminal region and enzyme function. Biochem J. 2004 May 15;380(Pt 1):51-6. [PubMed ]

1. Brain-type aldolase

MPHSYPALSAEQKKELSDIALRIVAPGKGILAADESVGSMAKRLSQIGVENTEENRRLYR
QVLFSADDRVKKCIGGVIFFHETLYQKDDNGVPFVRTIQDKGIVVGIKVDKGVVPLAGTD
GETTTQGLDGLSERCAQYKKDGADFAKWRCVLKISERTPSALAILENANVLARYASICQQ
NGIVPIVEPEILPDGDHDLKRCQYVTEKVLAAVYKALSDHHVYLEGTLLKPNMVTPGHAC
PIKYTPEEIAMATVTALRRTVPPAVPGVTFLSGGQSEEEASFNLNAINRCPLPRPWALTF
SYGRALQASALNAWRGQRDNAGAATEEFIKRAEVNGLAAQGKYEGSGEDGGAAAQSLYIA
NHAY

• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pentose Pathway (map00030 )

• D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate [RN:R01068]

• Glycolytic (PF00274 )

• None

• None

ATGCCTCACTCGTACCCAGCCCTTTCTGCTGAGCAGAAGAAGGAGTTGTCTGACATTGCC
CTGCGGATTGTAGCCCCGGGCAAAGGCATTCTGGCTGCGGATGAGTCTGTAGGCAGCATG
GCCAAGCGGCTGAGCCAAATTGGGGTGGAAAACACAGAGGAGAACCGCCGGCTGTACCGC
CAGGTCCTGTTCAGTGCTGATGACCGTGTGAAAAAGTGCATTGGAGGCGTCATTTTCTTC
CATGAGACCCTCTACCAGAAAGATGATAATGGTGTTCCCTTCGTCCGAACCATCCAGGAT
AAGGGCATCGTCGTGGGCATCAAGGTTGACAAGGGTGTGGTGCCTCTAGCTGGGACTGAT
GGAGAAACCACCACTCAAGGGCTGGATGGGCTCTCAGAACGCTGTGCCCAATACAAGAAG
GATGGTGCTGACTTTGCCAAGTGGCGCTGTGTGCTGAAAATCAGTGAGCGTACACCCTCT
GCACTTGCCATTCTGGAGAACGCCAACGTGCTGGCCCGTTATGCCAGTATCTGCCAGCAG
AATGGCATTGTGCCTATTGTGGAACCTGAAATATTGCCTGATGGAGACCACGACCTCAAA
CGTTGTCAGTATGTTACAGAGAAGGTCTTGGCTGCTGTGTACAAGGCCCTGAGTGACCAT
CATGTATACCTGGAGGGGACCCTGCTCAAGCCCAACATGGTGACCCCGGGCCATGCCTGT
CCCATCAAGTATACCCCAGAGGAGATTGCCATGGCAACTGTCACTGCCCTGCGTCGCACT
GTGCCCCCAGCTGTCCCAGGAGTGACCTTCCTGTCTGGGGGTCAGAGCGAAGAAGAGGCA
TCATTCAACCTCAATGCCATCAACCGCTGCCCCCTTCCCCGACCCTGGGCGCTTACCTTC
TCCTATGGGCGTGCCCTGCAAGCCTCTGCACTCAATGCCTGGCGAGGGCAACGGGACAAT
GCTGGGGCTGCCACTGAGGAGTTCATCAAGCGGGCTGAGGTGAATGGGCTTGCAGCCCAG
GGCAAGTATGAAGGCAGTGGAGAAGATGGTGGAGCAGCAGCACAGTCACTCTACATTGCC
AACCATGCCTACTGA

1. Rottmann WH, Deselms KR, Niclas J, Camerato T, Holman PS, Green CJ, Tolan DR: The complete amino acid sequence of the human aldolase C isozyme derived from genomic clones. Biochimie. 1987 Feb;69(2):137-45. [PubMed ]
2. Buono P, Paolella G, Mancini FP, Izzo P, Salvatore F: The complete nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the human aldolase C. Nucleic Acids Res. 1988 May 25;16(10):4733. [PubMed ]
3. Buono P, Mancini FP, Izzo P, Salvatore F: Characterization of the transcription-initiation site and of the promoter region within the 5' flanking region of the human aldolase C gene. Eur J Biochem. 1990 Sep 24;192(3):805-11. [PubMed ]
4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Lu M, Holliday LS, Zhang L, Dunn WA Jr, Gluck SL: Interaction between aldolase and vacuolar H+-ATPase: evidence for direct coupling of glycolysis to the ATP-hydrolyzing proton pump. J Biol Chem. 2001 Aug 10;276(32):30407-13. Epub 2001 Jun 8. [PubMed ]
7. Kim JH, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee TG, Hirata M, Suh PG, Ryu SH: Phospholipase D2 directly interacts with aldolase via Its PH domain. Biochemistry. 2002 Mar 12;41(10):3414-21. [PubMed ]
8. Kim SC, Sprung R, Chen Y, Xu Y, Ball H, Pei J, Cheng T, Kho Y, Xiao H, Xiao L, Grishin NV, White M, Yang XJ, Zhao Y: Substrate and functional diversity of lysine acetylation revealed by a proteomics survey. Mol Cell. 2006 Aug;23(4):607-18. [PubMed ]
9. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
10. Arakaki TL, Pezza JA, Cronin MA, Hopkins CE, Zimmer DB, Tolan DR, Allen KN: Structure of human brain fructose 1,6-(bis)phosphate aldolase: linking isozyme structure with function. Protein Sci. 2004 Dec;13(12):3077-84. Epub 2004 Nov 10. [PubMed ]

1. Liver-type aldolase

MAHRFPALTQEQKKELSEIAQSIVANGKGILAADESVGTMGNRLQRIKVENTEENRRQFR
EILFSVDSSINQSIGGVILFHETLYQKDSQGKLFRNILKEKGIVVGIKLDQGGAPLAGTN
KETTIQGLDGLSERCAQYKKDGVDFGKWRAVLRIADQCPSSLAIQENANALARYASICQQ
NGLVPIVEPEVIPDGDHDLEHCQYVTEKVLAAVYKALNDHHVYLEGTLLKPNMVTAGHAC
TKKYTPEQVAMATVTALHRTVPAAVPGICFLSGGMSEEDATLNLNAINLCPLPKPWKLSF
SYGRALQASALAAWGGKAANKEATQEAFMKRAMANCQAAKGQYVHTGSSGAASTQSLFTA
CYTY

• Carbon fixation (map00710 )
• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )
• Gluconeogenesis (map00010 )
• Pentose Pathway (map00030 )

• D-fructose 1,6-bisphosphate = glycerone phosphate + D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate [RN:R01068]

• Glycolytic (PF00274 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCCACCGATTTCCAGCCCTCACCCAGGAGCAGAAGAAGGAGCTCTCAGAAATTGCC
CAGAGCATTGTTGCCAATGGAAAGGGGATCCTGGCTGCAGATGAATCTGTAGGTACCATG
GGGAACCGCCTGCAGAGGATCAAGGTGGAAAACACTGAAGAGAACCGCCGGCAGTTCCGA
GAAATCCTCTTCTCTGTGGACAGTTCCATCAACCAGAGCATCGGGGGTGTGATCCTTTTC
CACGAGACCCTCTACCAGAAGGACAGCCAGGGAAAGCTGTTCAGAAACATCCTCAAGGAA
AAGGGGATCGTGGTGGGAATCAAGTTAGACCAAGGAGGTGCTCCTCTTGCAGGAACAAAC
AAAGAAACCACCATTCAAGGGCTTGATGGCCTCTCAGAGCGCTGTGCTCAGTACAAGAAA
GATGGTGTTGACTTTGGGAAGTGGCGTGCTGTGCTGAGGATTGCCGACCAGTGTCCATCC
AGCCTCGCTATCCAGGAAAACGCCAACGCCCTGGCTCGCTACGCCAGCATCTGTCAGCAG
AATGGACTGGTACCTATTGTTGAACCAGAGGTAATTCCTGATGGAGACCATGACCTGGAA
CACTGCCAGTATGTTACTGAGAAGGTCCTGGCTGCTGTCTACAAGGCCCTGAATGACCAT
CATGTTTACCTGGAGGGCACCCTGCTAAAGCCCAACATGGTGACTGCTGGACATGCCTGC
ACCAAGAAGTATACTCCAGAACAAGTAGCTATGGCCACCGTAACAGCTCTCCACCGTACT
GTTCCTGCAGCTGTTCCTGGCATCTGCTTTTTGTCTGGTGGCATGAGTGAAGAGGATGCC
ACTCTCAACCTCAATGCTATCAACCTTTGCCCTCTACCAAAGCCCTGGAAACTAAGTTTC
TCTTATGGACGGGCCCTGCAGGCCAGTGCACTGGCTGCCTGGGGTGGCAAGGCTGCAAAC
AAGGAGGCAACCCAGGAGGCTTTTATGAAGCGGGCCATGGCTAACTGCCAGGCGGCCAAA
GGACAGTATGTTCACACGGGTTCTTCTGGGGCTGCTTCCACCCAGTCGCTCTTCACAGCC
TGCTATACCTACTAG

1. Paolella G, Santamaria R, Izzo P, Costanzo P, Salvatore F: Isolation and nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA coding for aldolase B from human liver. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Oct 11;12(19):7401-10. [PubMed ]
2. Sakakibara M, Mukai T, Yatsuki H, Hori K: Human aldolase isozyme gene: the structure of multispecies aldolase B mRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Jul 25;13(14):5055-69. [PubMed ]
3. Rottmann WH, Tolan DR, Penhoet EE: Complete amino acid sequence for human aldolase B derived from cDNA and genomic clones. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 May;81(9):2738-42. [PubMed ]
4. Mukai T, Yatsuki H, Arai Y, Joh K, Matsuhashi S, Hori K: Human aldolase B gene: characterization of the genomic aldolase B gene and analysis of sequences required for multiple polyadenylations. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1987 Nov;102(5):1043-51. [PubMed ]
5. Tolan DR, Penhoet EE: Characterization of the human aldolase B gene. Mol Biol Med. 1986 Jun;3(3):245-64. [PubMed ]
6. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed ]
7. Sakakibara M, Takahashi I, Takasaki Y, Mukai T, Hori K: Construction and expression of human aldolase A and B expression plasmids in Escherichia coli host. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1989 Apr 12;1007(3):334-42. [PubMed ]
8. Besmond C, Dreyfus JC, Gregori C, Frain M, Zakin MM, Sala Trepat J, Kahn A: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone for human aldolase B. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1983 Dec 16;117(2):601-9. [PubMed ]
9. Dalby AR, Tolan DR, Littlechild JA: The structure of human liver fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001 Nov;57(Pt 11):1526-33. Epub 2001 Oct 25. [PubMed ]
10. Tolan DR: Molecular basis of hereditary fructose intolerance: mutations and polymorphisms in the human aldolase B gene. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):210-8. [PubMed ]
11. Cross NC, Tolan DR, Cox TM: Catalytic deficiency of human aldolase B in hereditary fructose intolerance caused by a common missense mutation. Cell. 1988 Jun 17;53(6):881-5. [PubMed ]
12. Cross NC, de Franchis R, Sebastio G, Dazzo C, Tolan DR, Gregori C, Odievre M, Vidailhet M, Romano V, Mascali G, et al.: Molecular analysis of aldolase B genes in hereditary fructose intolerance. Lancet. 1990 Feb 10;335(8685):306-9. [PubMed ]
13. Brooks CC, Tolan DR: A partially active mutant aldolase B from a patient with hereditary fructose intolerance. FASEB J. 1994 Jan;8(1):107-13. [PubMed ]
14. Ali M, Cox TM: Diverse mutations in the aldolase B gene that underlie the prevalence of hereditary fructose intolerance. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Apr;56(4):1002-5. [PubMed ]
15. Ali M, Sebastio G, Cox TM: Identification of a novel mutation (Leu 256-->Pro) in the human aldolase B gene associated with hereditary fructose intolerance. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jan;3(1):203-4. [PubMed ]
16. Cross NC, Stojanov LM, Cox TM: A new aldolase B variant, N334K, is a common cause of hereditary fructose intolerance in Yugoslavia. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 Apr 11;18(7):1925. [PubMed ]
17. Lau J, Tolan DR: Screening for hereditary fructose intolerance mutations by reverse dot-blot. Mol Cell Probes. 1999 Feb;13(1):35-40. [PubMed ]
18. Santamaria R, Esposito G, Vitagliano L, Race V, Paglionico I, Zancan L, Zagari A, Salvatore F: Functional and molecular modelling studies of two hereditary fructose intolerance-causing mutations at arginine 303 in human liver aldolase. Biochem J. 2000 Sep 15;350 Pt 3:823-8. [PubMed ]
19. Sanchez-Gutierrez JC, Benlloch T, Leal MA, Samper B, Garcia-Ripoll I, Feliu JE: Molecular analysis of the aldolase B gene in patients with hereditary fructose intolerance from Spain. J Med Genet. 2002 Sep;39(9):e56. [PubMed ]
20. Esposito G, Santamaria R, Vitagliano L, Ieno L, Viola A, Fiori L, Parenti G, Zancan L, Zagari A, Salvatore F: Six novel alleles identified in Italian hereditary fructose intolerance patients enlarge the mutation spectrum of the aldolase B gene. Hum Mutat. 2004 Dec;24(6):534. [PubMed ]
21. Santer R, Rischewski J, von Weihe M, Niederhaus M, Schneppenheim S, Baerlocher K, Kohlschutter A, Muntau A, Posselt HG, Steinmann B, Schneppenheim R: The spectrum of aldolase B (ALDOB) mutations and the prevalence of hereditary fructose intolerance in Central Europe. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jun;25(6):594. [PubMed ]

1. Hepatic fructokinase

MEEKQILCVGLVVLDVISLVDKYPKEDSEIRCLSQRWQRGGNASNSCTVLSLLGAPCAFM
GSMAPGHVADFVLDDLRRYSVDLRYTVFQTTGSVPIATVIINEASGSRTILYYDRSLPDV
SATDFEKVDLTQFKWIHIEGRNASEQVKMLQRIDAHNTRQPPEQKIRVSVEVEKPREELF
QLFGYGDVVFVSKDVAKHLGFQSAEEALRGLYGRVRKGAVLVCAWAEEGADALGPDGKLL
HSDAFPPPRVVDTLGAGDTFNASVIFSLSQGRSVQEALRFGCQVAGKKCGLQGFDGIV

• Fructose and Mannose Metabolism (map00051 )

• ATP + D-fructose = ADP + D-fructose 1-phosphate [RN:R00866]

• PfkB (PF00294 )

• None

• None

ATGGAAGAGAAGCAGATCCTGTGCGTGGGGCTAGTGGTGCTGGACGTCATCAGCCTGGTG
GACAAGTACCCTAAGGAGGACTCGGAGATAAGGTGTTTGTCCCAGAGATGGCAGCGCGGA
GGCAACGCGTCCAACTCCTGCACCGTTCTCTCCCTGCTCGGAGCCCCCTGTGCCTTCATG
GGCTCAATGGCTCCTGGCCATGTTGCTGATTTTGTCCTGGATGACCTCCGCCGCTATTCT
GTGGACCTACGCTACACAGTCTTTCAGACCACAGGCTCCGTCCCCATCGCCACGGTCATC
ATCAACGAGGCCAGTGGTAGCCGCACCATCCTATACTATGACAGGAGCCTGCCAGATGTG
TCTGCTACAGACTTTGAGAAGGTTGATCTGACCCAGTTCAAGTGGATCCACATTGAGGGC
CGGAACGCATCGGAGCAGGTGAAGATGCTGCAGCGGATAGACGCACACAACACCAGGCAG
CCTCCAGAGCAGAAGATCCGGGTGTCCGTGGAGGTGGAGAAGCCACGAGAGGAGCTCTTC
CAGCTGTTTGGCTACGGAGACGTGGTGTTTGTCAGCAAAGATGTGGCCAAGCACTTGGGG
TTCCAGTCAGCAGAGGAAGCCTTGAGGGGCTTGTATGGTCGTGTGAGGAAAGGGGCTGTG
CTTGTCTGTGCCTGGGCTGAGGAGGGCGCCGACGCCCTGGGCCCTGATGGCAAATTGCTC
CACTCGGATGCTTTCCCGCCACCCCGCGTGGTGGATACACTGGGAGCTGGAGACACCTTC
AATGCCTCCGTCATCTTCAGCCTCTCCCAGGGGAGGAGCGTGCAGGAAGCACTGAGATTC
GGGTGCCAGGTGGCCGGCAAGAAGTGTGGCCTGCAGGGCTTTGATGGCATCGTGTGA

1. Bonthron DT, Brady N, Donaldson IA, Steinmann B: Molecular basis of essential fructosuria: molecular cloning and mutational analysis of human ketohexokinase (fructokinase). Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Sep;3(9):1627-31. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
3. Hayward BE, Bonthron DT: Structure and alternative splicing of the ketohexokinase gene. Eur J Biochem. 1998 Oct 1;257(1):85-91. [PubMed ]
4. Trinh CH, Asipu A, Bonthron DT, Phillips SE: Structures of alternatively spliced isoforms of human ketohexokinase. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2009 Mar;65(Pt 3):201-11. Epub 2009 Feb 20. [PubMed ]

MPHSYPALSAEQKKELSDIALRIVAPGKGILAADESVGSMAKRLSQIGVENTEENRRLYR
QVLFSADDRVKKCIGGVIFFHETLYQKDDNGVPFVRTIQDKGIVVGIKVDKGVVPLAGTD
GETTTQGLDGLSERCAQYKKDGADFAKWRCVLKISERTPSALAILENANVLARYASICQQ
NGIVPIVEPEILPDGDHDLKRCQYVTEKVLAAVYKALSDHHVYLEGTLLKPNMVTPGHAC
PIKYTPEEIAMATVTALRRTVPPAVPGVTFLSGGQSEEEASFNLNAINRCPLPRPWALTF
SYGRALQASALNAWRGQRDNAGAATEEFIKRAEVNGLAAQGKYEGSGEDGGAAAQSLYIA
NHAY

• Glycolytic (PF00274 )

• None

• None