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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (HMDB01253)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2009-05-05 20:58:37
Accession Number HMDB01253
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid
Description 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid is an intermediate in the metabolism of Tyrosine. It is a substrate for Dopachrome tautomerase.
Synonyms
  1. 5,6-Dhica
  2. 5,6-Dihydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylate
  3. 5,6-Dihydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
  4. 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-indolecarboxylate
  5. 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-indolecarboxylic acid
  6. 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylate
  7. 5,6-Dihydroxy-2-indolylcarboxylic acid
  8. 5,6-Dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate
  9. DHI2C
  10. DHICA
Chemical IUPAC Name 5,6-dihydroxy-1H-indole-2-carboxylic acid
Chemical Formula C9H7NO4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Heterocyclic molecules
Class
  • Indoles and Indole Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Indole acids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • phenol or hydroxyhetarene
  • 1,2-diphenol
  • carboxylic acid
  • aromatic compound
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Component of Tyrosine metabolism
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 193.156
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 193.037506
Isomeric SMILES OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(N1)C=C(O)C(O)=C2
Canonical SMILES OC(=O)C1=CC2=C(N1)C=C(O)C(O)=C2
KEGG Compound ID C04185 Link Image
BioCyc ID 56-DIHYDROXYINDOLE-2-CARBOXYLATE Link Image
BiGG ID 1444022 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01253 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01253 Link Image
METLIN ID 6110 Link Image
PubChem Compound 119405 Link Image
PubChem Substance 700691 Link Image
ChEBI ID 16875 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 4790-08-3
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C9H7NO4/c11-7-2-4-1-6(9(13)14)10-5(4)3-8(7)12/h1-3,10-12H,(H,13,14)
Synthesis Reference Chioccara, Francesco; Novellino, Ettore. Biomimetic synthesis of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid and of its benzyl ester. Synthetic Communications (1987), 17(15), 1815-21.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 2.31 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 1.11 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.801 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tyrosine Metabolism SMP00006 Link Image map00350 Link Image
General References
  1. Hansson C: Some indolic compounds as markers of the melanocyte activity. Acta Derm Venereol Suppl (Stockh). 1988;138:1-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yamada K, Walsh N, Hara H, Jimbow K, Chen H, Ito S: Measurement of eumelanin precursor metabolites in the urine as a new marker for melanoma metastases. Arch Dermatol. 1992 Apr;128(4):491-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. L-dopachrome tautomerase
  2. 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase
  3. Tyrosinase-related protein 2
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5441
Enzyme 1 Name L-dopachrome tautomerase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. DCT
  2. DT
  3. L-dopachrome Delta-isomerase
  4. Tyrosinase-related protein 2
  5. TRP-2
  6. TRP2
Enzyme 1 Gene Name DCT
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >L-dopachrome tautomerase 
MSPLWWGFLLSCLGCKILPGAQGQFPRVCMTVDSLVNKECCPRLGAESANVCGSQQGRGQ
CTEVRADTRPWSGPYILRNQDDRELWPRKFFHRTCKCTGNFAGYNCGDCKFGWTGPNCER
KKPPVIRQNIHSLSPQEREQFLGALDLAKKRVHPDYVITTQHWLGLLGPNGTQPQFANCS
VYDFFVWLHYYSVRDTLLGPGRPYRAIDFSHQGPAFVTWHRYHLLCLERDLQRLIGNESF
ALPYWNFATGRNECDVCTDQLFGAARPDDPTLISRNSRFSSWETVCDSLDDYNHLVTLCN
GTYEGLLRRNQMGRNSMKLPTLKDIRDCLSLQKFDNPPFFQNSTFSFRNALEGFDKADGT
LDSQVMSLHNLVHSFLNGTNALPHSAANDPIFVVLHSFTDAIFDEWMKRFNPPADAWPQE
LAPIGHNRMYNMVPFFPPVTNEELFLTSDQLGYSYAIDLPVSVEETPGWPTTLLVVMGTL
VALVGLFVLLAFLQYRRLRKGYTPLMETHLSSKRYTEEA
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 519
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 59144.8
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.14
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Involved in regulating eumelanin and phaeomelanin levels
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • L-dopachrome = 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylate [RN:R03673]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-23
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 473-493
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 12313911 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P40126 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name TYRP2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1560 bp 
ATGAGCCCCCTTTGGTGGGGGTTTCTGCTCAGTTGCTTGGGCTGCAAAATCCTGCCAGGA
GCCCAGGGTCAGTTCCCCCGAGTCTGCATGACGGTGGACAGCCTAGTGAACAAGGAGTGC
TGCCCACGCCTGGGTGCAGAGTCGGCCAATGTCTGTGGCTCTCAGCAAGGCCGGGGGCAG
TGCACAGAGGTGCGAGCCGACACAAGGCCCTGGAGTGGTCCCTACATCCTACGAAACCAG
GATGACCGTGAGCTGTGGCCAAGAAAATTCTTCCACCGGACCTGCAAGTGCACAGGAAAC
TTTGCCGGCTATAATTGTGGAGACTGCAAGTTTGGCTGGACCGGTCCCAACTGCGAGCGG
AAGAAACCACCAGTGATTCGGCAGAACATCCATTCCTTGAGTCCTCAGGAAAGAGAGCAG
TTCTTGGGCGCCTTAGATCTCGCGAAGAAGAGAGTACACCCCGACTACGTGATCACCACA
CAACACTGGCTGGGCCTGCTTGGGCCCAATGGAACCCAGCCGCAGTTTGCCAACTGCAGT
GTTTATGATTTTTTTGTGTGGCTCCATTATTATTCTGTTAGAGATACATTATTAGGACCA
GGACGCCCCTACAGGGCCATAGATTTCTCACATCAAGGACCTGCATTTGTTACCTGGCAC
CGGTACCATTTGTTGTGTCTGGAAAGAGATCTCCAGCGACTCATTGGCAATGAGTCTTTT
GCTTTGCCCTACTGGAACTTTGCCACTGGGAGGAACGAGTGTGATGTGTGTACAGACCAG
CTGTTTGGGGCAGCGAGACCAGACGATCCGACTCTGATTAGTCGGAACTCAAGATTCTCC
AGCTGGGAAACTGTCTGTGATAGCTTGGATGACTACAACCACCTGGTCACCTTGTGCAAT
GGAACCTATGAAGGTTTGCTGAGAAGAAATCAAATGGGAAGAAACAGCATGAAATTGCCA
ACCTTAAAAGACATACGAGATTGCCTGTCTCTCCAGAAGTTTGACAATCCTCCCTTCTTC
CAGAACTCTACCTTCAGTTTCAGGAATGCTTTGGAAGGGTTTGATAAAGCAGATGGGACT
CTGGATTCTCAAGTGATGAGCCTTCATAATTTGGTTCATTCCTTCCTGAACGGGACAAAC
GCTTTGCCACATTCAGCCGCCAATGATCCCATTTTTGTGGTTCTTCATTCCTTTACTGAT
GCCATCTTTGATGAGTGGATGAAAAGATTTAATCCTCCTGCAGATGCCTGGCCTCAGGAG
CTGGCCCCTATTGGTCACAATCGGATGTACAACATGGTTCCTTTCTTCCCTCCAGTGACT
AATGAAGAACTCTTTTTAACCTCAGACCAACTTGGCTACAGCTATGCCATCGATCTGCCA
GTTTCAGTTGAAGAAACTCCAGGTTGGCCCACAACTCTCTTAGTAGTCATGGGAACACTG
GTGGCTTTGGTTGGTCTTTTTGTGCTGTTGGCTTTTCTTCAATATAGAAGACTTCGAAAA
GGATATACACCCCTAATGGAGACACATTTAAGCAGCAAGAGATACACAGAAGAAGCCTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AL139318 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID DCT Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID DCT Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2709 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 13q32
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Yokoyama K, Suzuki H, Yasumoto K, Tomita Y, Shibahara S: Molecular cloning and functional analysis of a cDNA coding for human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein-2. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Apr 6;1217(3):317-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Cassady JL, Sturm RA: Sequence of the human dopachrome tautomerase-encoding TRP-2 cDNA. Gene. 1994 Jun 10;143(2):295-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Bouchard B, Del Marmol V, Jackson IJ, Cherif D, Dubertret L: Molecular characterization of a human tyrosinase-related-protein-2 cDNA. Patterns of expression in melanocytic cells. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jan 15;219(1-2):127-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dunham A, Matthews LH, Burton J, Ashurst JL, Howe KL, Ashcroft KJ, Beare DM, Burford DC, Hunt SE, Griffiths-Jones S, Jones MC, Keenan SJ, Oliver K, Scott CE, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews DT, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Bannerjee R, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burrill W, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp ME, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg SC, Cobley V, Collins JE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Deloukas P, Dhami P, Dunham I, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AG, Faulkner L, Frankish AG, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gilbert JG, Gilson CJ, Ghori J, Grafham DV, Gribble SM, Griffiths C, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Johnson C, Johnson D, Kay M, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford CJ, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Lloyd C, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, McLaren SJ, McMurray A, Milne S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, Palmer SA, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Porter KM, Rice CM, Searle S, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thomas DW, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wright MW, Young L, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Beck S, Bentley DR, Rogers J, Ross MT: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 13. Nature. 2004 Apr 1;428(6982):522-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Sturm RA, O'Sullivan BJ, Box NF, Smith AG, Smit SE, Puttick ER, Parsons PG, Dunn IS: Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase-related protein gene family. Genomics. 1995 Sep 1;29(1):24-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Yokoyama K, Yasumoto K, Suzuki H, Shibahara S: Cloning of the human DOPAchrome tautomerase/tyrosinase-related protein 2 gene and identification of two regulatory regions required for its pigment cell-specific expression. J Biol Chem. 1994 Oct 28;269(43):27080-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Basrur V, Yang F, Kushimoto T, Higashimoto Y, Yasumoto K, Valencia J, Muller J, Vieira WD, Watabe H, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Hunt DF, Appella E: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins. J Proteome Res. 2003 Jan-Feb;2(1):69-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, Watabe H, Yamaguchi H, Mangini NJ, Huang H, Canfield VA, Cheng KC, Yang F, Abe R, Yamagishi S, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Wu C, Appella E, Hunt DF: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J Proteome Res. 2006 Nov;5(11):3135-44. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 7622
Enzyme 2 Name 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. DHICA oxidase
  2. Catalase B
  3. Glycoprotein 75
  4. Melanoma antigen gp75
  5. Tyrosinase-related protein 1
  6. TRP
  7. TRP-1
  8. TRP1
Enzyme 2 Gene Name TYRP1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid oxidase 
MSAPKLLSLGCIFFPLLLFQQARAQFPRQCATVEALRSGMCCPDLSPVSGPGTDRCGSSS
GRGRCEAVTADSRPHSPQYPHDGRDDREVWPLRFFNRTCHCNGNFSGHNCGTCRPGWRGA
ACDQRVLIVRRNLLDLSKEEKNHFVRALDMAKRTTHPLFVIATRRSEEILGPDGNTPQFE
NISIYNYFVWTHYYSVKKTFLGVGQESFGEVDFSHEGPAFLTWHRYHLLRLEKDMQEMLQ
EPSFSLPYWNFATGKNVCDICTDDLMGSRSNFDSTLISPNSVFSQWRVVCDSLEDYDTLG
TLCNSTEDGPIRRNPAGNVARPMVQRLPEPQDVAQCLEVGLFDTPPFYSNSTNSFRNTVE
GYSDPTGKYDPAVRSLHNLAHLFLNGTGGQTHLSPNDPIFVLLHTFTDAVFDEWLRRYNA
DISTFPLENAPIGHNRQYNMVPFWPPVTNTEMFVTAPDNLGYTYEIQWPSREFSVPEIIA
IAVVGALLLVALIFGTASYLIRARRSMDEANQPLLTDQYQCYAEEYEKLQNPNQSVV
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 537
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 60723.8
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 5.86
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • copper ion binding
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • monooxygenase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen, another compound as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • melanin biosynthetic process
  • melanin metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
  • secondary metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
  • melanosome membrane
  • membrane
  • organelle membrane
  • vesicle membrane
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in copper ion binding
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) into indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid. May regulate or influence the type of melanin synthesized
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-24
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 478-501
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 2735662 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P17643 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name TYRP1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1614 bp 
ATGAGTGCTCCTAAACTCCTCTCTCTGGGCTGTATCTTCTTCCCCTTGCTACTTTTTCAG
CAGGCCCGGGCTCAATTCCCAAGACAGTGTGCCACTGTTGAGGCTTTGAGAAGTGGTATG
TGTTGCCCAGACCTGTCCCCTGTGTCTGGGCCTGGGACAGACCGCTGTGGCTCATCATCA
GGGAGGGGCAGATGTGAGGCAGTGACTGCAGACTCCCGGCCCCACAGCCCTCAGTATCCC
CATGATGGCAGAGATGATCGGGAGGTCTGGCCCTTGCGCTTCTTCAATAGGACATGTCAC
TGCAACGGCAATTTCTCAGGACACAACTGTGGGACGTGCCGTCCTGGCTGGAGAGGAGCT
GCCTGTGACCAGAGGGTTCTCATAGTCAGGAGAAATCTTCTGGACTTAAGTAAAGAAGAA
AAGAACCACTTTGTCCGGGCCCTGGATATGGCAAAGCGCACAACTCACCCTTTATTTGTC
ATTGCCACCAGGAGATCAGAAGAAATACTGGGGCCAGATGGCAACACGCCACAATTTGAG
AACATTTCCATTTATAACTACTTTGTTTGGACACACTATTACTCAGTCAAAAAGACTTTC
CTTGGGGTAGGACAGGAAAGCTTTGGTGAAGTGGATTTCTCTCATGAGGGACCAGCTTTT
CTCACATGGCACAGGTACCACCTCCTGCGTCTGGAGAAAGACATGCAGGAAATGTTGCAA
GAGCCTTCTTTCTCCCTTCCTTACTGGAATTTTGCAACGGGGAAAAATGTCTGTGATATC
TGCACGGATGACTTGATGGGATCCAGAAGCAACTTTGATTCCACTCTAATAAGCCCAAAC
TCTGTCTTTTCTCAATGGCGAGTGGTCTGTGACTCCTTGGAAGATTATGATACCCTGGGA
ACACTTTGTAACAGCACCGAGGATGGGCCAATTAGGAGAAATCCAGCTGGAAATGTGGCC
AGACCAATGGTGCAACGTCTTCCTGAACCACAGGATGTCGCTCAGTGCTTGGAAGTTGGT
TTATTTGACACGCCTCCTTTTTATTCCAACTCTACAAACAGTTTCCGAAACACAGTGGAA
GGTTACAGTGACCCCACGGGAAAGTATGACCCTGCTGTTCGAAGTCTTCACAATTTGGCT
CATCTATTCCTGAATGGAACAGGGGGACAAACCCATTTGTCTCCAAATGATCCTATTTTT
GTCCTCCTGCACACCTTCACAGATGCAGTCTTTGATGAATGGCTGAGGAGATACAATGCT
GATATATCCACATTTCCATTGGAAAATGCCCCTATTGGACATAATAGACAATACAACATG
GTGCCATTCTGGCCCCCAGTCACCAACACAGAAATGTTTGTTACTGCTCCAGACAACCTG
GGATACACTTATGAAATTCAATGGCCAAGTCGGGAGTTTAGTGTACCTGAGATAATTGCC
ATAGCAGTAGTTGGCGCTTTGTTACTGGTTGCACTCATTTTTGGGACTGCTTCTTATCTG
ATTCGTGCCAGACGCAGTATGGATGAAGCTAACCAGCCTCTCCTCACTGATCAGTATCAA
TGCTATGCTGAAGAATATGAAAAACTCCAGAATCCTAATCAGTCTGTGGTCTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AF001295 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID TYRP1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID TYRP1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:12450 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 2 Locus 9p23
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Cohen T, Muller RM, Tomita Y, Shibahara S: Nucleotide sequence of the cDNA encoding human tyrosinase-related protein. Nucleic Acids Res. 1990 May 11;18(9):2807-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chintamaneni CD, Ramsay M, Colman MA, Fox MF, Pickard RT, Kwon BS: Mapping the human CAS2 gene, the homologue of the mouse brown (b) locus, to human chromosome 9p22-pter. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jul 15;178(1):227-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Box NF, Wyeth JR, Mayne CJ, O'Gorman LE, Martin NG, Sturm RA: Complete sequence and polymorphism study of the human TYRP1 gene encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1. Mamm Genome. 1998 Jan;9(1):50-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sturm RA, O'Sullivan BJ, Box NF, Smith AG, Smit SE, Puttick ER, Parsons PG, Dunn IS: Chromosomal structure of the human TYRP1 and TYRP2 loci and comparison of the tyrosinase-related protein gene family. Genomics. 1995 Sep 1;29(1):24-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Shibata K, Takeda K, Tomita Y, Tagami H, Shibahara S: Downstream region of the human tyrosinase-related protein gene enhances its promoter activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Apr 30;184(2):568-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Vijayasaradhi S, Bouchard B, Houghton AN: The melanoma antigen gp75 is the human homologue of the mouse b (brown) locus gene product. J Exp Med. 1990 Apr 1;171(4):1375-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Urquhart A: Human tyrosinase-like protein (TYRL) carboxy terminus: closer homology with the mouse protein than previously reported. Nucleic Acids Res. 1991 Oct 25;19(20):5803. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Halaban R, Moellmann G: Murine and human b locus pigmentation genes encode a glycoprotein (gp75) with catalase activity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jun;87(12):4809-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Basrur V, Yang F, Kushimoto T, Higashimoto Y, Yasumoto K, Valencia J, Muller J, Vieira WD, Watabe H, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Hunt DF, Appella E: Proteomic analysis of early melanosomes: identification of novel melanosomal proteins. J Proteome Res. 2003 Jan-Feb;2(1):69-79. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Chi A, Valencia JC, Hu ZZ, Watabe H, Yamaguchi H, Mangini NJ, Huang H, Canfield VA, Cheng KC, Yang F, Abe R, Yamagishi S, Shabanowitz J, Hearing VJ, Wu C, Appella E, Hunt DF: Proteomic and bioinformatic characterization of the biogenesis and function of melanosomes. J Proteome Res. 2006 Nov;5(11):3135-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Rooryck C, Roudaut C, Robine E, Musebeck J, Arveiler B: Oculocutaneous albinism with TYRP1 gene mutations in a Caucasian patient. Pigment Cell Res. 2006 Jun;19(3):239-42. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 15947
Enzyme 3 Name Tyrosinase-related protein 2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Tyrosinase-related protein 2 
MSPLWWGFLLSCLGCKILPGAQGQFPRVCMTVDSLVNKECCPRLGAESANVCGSQQGRGQ
CTEVRADTRPWSGPYILRNQDDRELWPRKFFHRTCKCTGNFAGYNCGDCKFGWTGPNCER
KKPPVIRQNIHSLSPQEREQFLGALDLAKKRVHPDYVITTQHWLGLLGPNGTQPQFANCS
VYDFFVWLHYYSVRDTLLGPGRPYRAIDFSHQGPAFVTWHRYHLLCLERDLQRLIGNESF
ALPYWNFATGRNECDVCTDQLFGAARPDDPTLISRNSRFSSWETVCDSLDDYNHLVTLCN
GTYEGLLRRNQMGRNSMKLPTLKDIRDCLSLQKFDNPPFFQNSTFSFRNALEGFDKADGT
LDSQVMSLHNLVHSFLNGTNALPHSAANDPIFVVISNRLLYNATTNILEHVRKEKATKEL
PSLHVLVLHSFTDAIFDEWMKRFNPPADAWPQELAPIGHNRMYNMVPFFPPVTNEELFLT
SDQLGYSYAIDLPVSVEETPGWPTTLLVVMGTLVALVGLFVLLAFLQYRRLRKGYTPLME
THLSSKRYTEEA
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 552
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 62928.2
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.46
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
—
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 114384149 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q09GT4 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q09GT4_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1659 bp 
ATGAGCCCCCTTTGGTGGGGGTTTCTGCTCAGTTGCTTGGGCTGCAAAATCCTGCCAGGA
GCCCAGGGTCAGTTCCCCCGAGTCTGCATGACGGTGGACAGCCTAGTGAACAAGGAGTGC
TGCCCACGCCTGGGTGCAGAGTCGGCCAATGTCTGTGGCTCTCAGCAAGGCCGGGGGCAG
TGCACAGAGGTGCGAGCCGACACAAGGCCCTGGAGTGGTCCCTACATCCTACGAAACCAG
GATGACCGTGAGCTGTGGCCAAGAAAATTCTTCCACCGGACCTGCAAGTGCACAGGAAAC
TTTGCCGGCTATAATTGTGGAGACTGCAAGTTTGGCTGGACCGGTCCCAACTGCGAGCGG
AAGAAACCACCAGTGATTCGGCAGAACATCCATTCCTTGAGTCCTCAGGAAAGAGAGCAG
TTCTTGGGCGCCTTAGATCTCGCGAAGAAGAGAGTACACCCCGACTACGTGATCACCACA
CAACACTGGCTGGGCCTGCTTGGGCCCAATGGAACCCAGCCGCAGTTTGCCAACTGCAGT
GTTTATGATTTTTTTGTGTGGCTCCATTATTATTCTGTTAGAGATACATTATTAGGACCA
GGACGCCCCTACAGGGCCATAGATTTCTCACATCAAGGACCTGCATTTGTTACCTGGCAC
CGGTACCATTTGTTGTGTCTGGAAAGAGATCTCCAGCGACTCATTGGCAATGAGTCTTTT
GCTTTGCCCTACTGGAACTTTGCCACTGGGAGGAACGAGTGTGATGTGTGTACAGACCAG
CTGTTTGGGGCAGCGAGACCAGACGATCCGACTCTGATTAGTCGGAACTCAAGATTCTCC
AGCTGGGAAACTGTCTGTGATAGCTTGGATGACTACAACCACCTGGTCACCTTGTGCAAT
GGAACCTATGAAGGTTTGCTGAGAAGAAATCAAATGGGAAGAAACAGCATGAAATTGCCA
ACCTTAAAAGACATACGAGATTGCCTGTCTCTCCAGAAGTTTGACAATCCTCCCTTCTTC
CAGAACTCTACCTTCAGTTTCAGGAATGCTTTGGAAGGGTTTGATAAAGCAGATGGGACT
CTGGATTCTCAAGTGATGAGCCTTCATAATTTGGTTCATTCCTTCCTGAACGGGACAAAC
GCTTTGCCACATTCAGCCGCCAATGATCCCATTTTTGTGGTGATTTCTAATCGTTTGCTT
TACAATGCTACAACAAACATCCTTGAACATGTAAGAAAAGAGAAAGCGACCAAGGAACTC
CCTTCCCTGCATGTGCTGGTTCTTCATTCCTTTACTGATGCCATCTTTGATGAGTGGATG
AAAAGATTTAATCCTCCTGCAGATGCCTGGCCTCAGGAGCTGGCCCCTATTGGTCACAAT
CGGATGTACAACATGGTTCCTTTCTTCCCTCCAGTGACTAATGAAGAACTCTTTTTAACC
TCAGACCAACTTGGCTACAGCTATGCCATCGATCTGCCAGTTTCAGTTGAAGAAACTCCA
GGTTGGCCCACAACTCTCTTAGTAGTCATGGGAACACTGGTGGCTTTGGTTGGTCTTTTT
GTGCTGTTGGCTTTTCTTCAATATAGAAGACTTCGAAAAGGATATACACCCCTAATGGAG
ACACATTTAAGCAGCAAGAGATACACAGAAGAAGCCTAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID DQ902581 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:2709 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Khong HT, Rosenberg SA: Pre-existing immunity to tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2, a new TRP-2 isoform, and the NY-ESO-1 melanoma antigen in a patient with a dramatic response to immunotherapy. J Immunol. 2002 Jan 15;168(2):951-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Liu G, Khong HT, Wheeler CJ, Yu JS, Black KL, Ying H: Molecular and functional analysis of tyrosinase-related protein (TRP)-2 as a cytotoxic T lymphocyte target in patients with malignant glioma. J Immunother. 2003 Jul-Aug;26(4):301-12. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available