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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2005-11-16 15:48:42 UTC
Update Date2021-10-13 04:34:20 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0001296
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB01296
Metabolite Identification
Common NameMaltotetraose
DescriptionMaltotetraose belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds. Maltotetraose exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. Outside of the human body, maltotetraose has been detected, but not quantified in several different foods, such as welsh onions, kales, small-leaf lindens, other bread, and romaine lettuces. Maltotetraose is a normal human oligo saccharide present in plasma, but is elevated in cases of Pompe disease (PMID 15886040 ).
Structure
Data?1582752190
Synonyms
ValueSource
(3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triolChEBI
alpha-D-Gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-alpha-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-gluco-hexopyranoseChEBI
AmylotetraoseChEBI
D-MaltotetraoseChEBI
O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucoseChEBI
WURCS=2.0/2,4,3/[a2122h-1x_1-5][a2122h-1a_1-5]/1-2-2-2/a4-b1_b4-c1_c4-D1ChEBI
a-D-Gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-a-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-gluco-hexopyranoseGenerator
Α-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-α-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-α-D-gluco-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-gluco-hexopyranoseGenerator
O-a-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-a-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucoseGenerator
O-Α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucoseGenerator
alpha-1,4-TetraglucoseHMDB
O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-D-glucoseHMDB
O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O(4xi)-alpha-D-xylo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-D-glucoseHMDB
O-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-D-glucoseHMDB
O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-O-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1-4)-delta-glucoseHMDB
O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-O(4xi)-alpha-delta-xylo-hexopyranosyl-(1->4)-O-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1->4)-delta-glucoseHMDB
O-alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-O-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-O-alpha-delta-glucopyranosyl-(1.4)-delta-glucoseHMDB
Chemical FormulaC24H42O21
Average Molecular Weight666.5777
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight666.221858406
IUPAC Name(3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol
Traditional Name(3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-{[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-5-{[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-3,4-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4-triol
CAS Registry Number34612-38-9
SMILES
OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]4CO)O[C@@H]3CO)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C24H42O21/c25-1-5-9(29)10(30)15(35)22(40-5)44-19-7(3-27)42-24(17(37)12(19)32)45-20-8(4-28)41-23(16(36)13(20)33)43-18-6(2-26)39-21(38)14(34)11(18)31/h5-38H,1-4H2/t5-,6-,7-,8-,9-,10+,11-,12-,13-,14-,15-,16-,17-,18-,19-,20-,21?,22-,23-,24-/m1/s1
InChI KeyLUEWUZLMQUOBSB-AYQJAVFRSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as oligosaccharides. These are carbohydrates made up of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units linked to each other through glycosidic bonds.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic oxygen compounds
ClassOrganooxygen compounds
Sub ClassCarbohydrates and carbohydrate conjugates
Direct ParentOligosaccharides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Oligosaccharide
  • O-glycosyl compound
  • Glycosyl compound
  • Oxane
  • Secondary alcohol
  • Hemiacetal
  • Oxacycle
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Polyol
  • Acetal
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Primary alcohol
  • Alcohol
  • Aliphatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAliphatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External DescriptorsNot Available
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling Point1116.88 °C. @ 760.00 mm Hg (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Water Solubility1000000 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogP-8.281 (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-Baker221.08230932474
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility350 g/LALOGPS
logP-2.7ALOGPS
logP-8.2ChemAxon
logS-0.28ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)11.19ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count21ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count14ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area347.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count10ChemAxon
Refractivity133.16 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability62.12 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings4ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+238.41832859911
AllCCS[M-H]-226.55432859911
DeepCCS[M+H]+229.17330932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-227.46630932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-261.49830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+235.3330932474
AllCCS[M+H]+238.432859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+237.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+238.932859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+239.032859911
AllCCS[M-H]-226.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-227.932859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-229.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
MaltotetraoseOC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]4CO)O[C@@H]3CO)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O3632.6Standard polar33892256
MaltotetraoseOC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]4CO)O[C@@H]3CO)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O5067.9Standard non polar33892256
MaltotetraoseOC[C@H]1O[C@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]4CO)O[C@@H]3CO)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O5503.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-052s-2321309000-339e4ce9a5b6b7184b252017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_11) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_12) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_13) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_1_14) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_4) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_5) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_6) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_7) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_8) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_9) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose GC-MS (TMS_2_10) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-18Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose Quattro_QQQ 10V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-002r-0109714000-92449118dd9f88ced9e52012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose Quattro_QQQ 25V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-03di-0902000000-bada4f81875480cef6302012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose Quattro_QQQ 40V, Positive-QTOF (Annotated)splash10-03ds-4900000000-8c70af31defdcfbbdace2012-07-24HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002n-0509528000-5fd5603d9448022610992017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-003l-0609511000-93559566aadd9ddb01d62017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-01sl-0904101000-2dc209564506d51c072b2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00kb-0322229000-836fde463c0313bb06f22017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00bm-2925316000-9af8644e1895bb3e54462017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-004l-2934001000-a30993c2dc002a86ef842017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-066r-0000019000-561cb56fc049e6ce0fa22021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0cdj-7112159000-1b569c0e93cebe1bffcf2021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0kbr-8935251000-4bae88e2efc6185da7e02021-09-21Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-014j-0201009000-e2e4df1292e56fc122e32021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05mk-1503249000-412ca6d5d74e3c846b602021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Maltotetraose 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05dj-9310011000-99dfb112622105e83ffd2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-29Wishart LabView Spectrum
Experimental 2D NMR[1H, 13C]-HSQC NMR Spectrum (2D, 600 MHz, H2O, experimental)2012-12-05Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
  • Placenta
  • Prostate
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal
      Not Available
details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected and Quantified375.0 +/- 345.0 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothPeritoneal dialysis details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Peritoneal dialysis
  1. Garcia-Lopez E, Anderstam B, Heimburger O, Amici G, Werynski A, Lindholm B: Determination of high and low molecular weight molecules of icodextrin in plasma and dialysate, using gel filtration chromatography, in peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2005 Mar-Apr;25(2):181-91. [PubMed:15796147 ]
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB001195
KNApSAcK IDC00018031
Chemspider ID388711
KEGG Compound IDC02052
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkMaltodextrin
METLIN ID4199
PubChem Compound439639
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID143180
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDM02451
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1256401
References
Synthesis ReferenceZhu, Ming. Production of maltotetraose. Wuxi Qinggong Daxue Xuebao (1999), 18(2), 7-12.
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General References
  1. Sreekumar A, Poisson LM, Rajendiran TM, Khan AP, Cao Q, Yu J, Laxman B, Mehra R, Lonigro RJ, Li Y, Nyati MK, Ahsan A, Kalyana-Sundaram S, Han B, Cao X, Byun J, Omenn GS, Ghosh D, Pennathur S, Alexander DC, Berger A, Shuster JR, Wei JT, Varambally S, Beecher C, Chinnaiyan AM: Metabolomic profiles delineate potential role for sarcosine in prostate cancer progression. Nature. 2009 Feb 12;457(7231):910-4. doi: 10.1038/nature07762. [PubMed:19212411 ]
  2. Yuge O, Morio M, Fukui T, Fujii K, Kikuchi H, Takahashi S: Maltotriose and maltotetraose excreted in urine following intravenous administration of maltose to human volunteers. Jpn J Surg. 1983 Jul;13(4):296-303. [PubMed:6645121 ]
  3. Dewit O, Dibba B, Prentice A: Breast-milk amylase activity in English and Gambian mothers: effects of prolonged lactation, maternal parity, and individual variations. Pediatr Res. 1990 Nov;28(5):502-6. [PubMed:1701531 ]
  4. An Y, Young SP, Kishnani PS, Millington DS, Amalfitano A, Corz D, Chen YT: Glucose tetrasaccharide as a biomarker for monitoring the therapeutic response to enzyme replacement therapy for Pompe disease. Mol Genet Metab. 2005 Aug;85(4):247-54. [PubMed:15886040 ]
  5. Kuriyama M, Hiwatari R, Osame M, Igata A: Leucocyte alpha-1,4- and alpha-1,6-glucosidase activities towards oligosaccharides in late onset glycogenosis type II. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1990 Aug;161(4):343-51. [PubMed:2256108 ]
  6. Whitlow KJ, Gochman N, Forrester RL, Wataji LJ: Maltotetraose as a substrate for enzyme-coupled assay of amylase activity in serum and urine. Clin Chem. 1979 Mar;25(3):481-3. [PubMed:95558 ]
  7. Elshenawy S, Pinney SE, Stuart T, Doulias PT, Zura G, Parry S, Elovitz MA, Bennett MJ, Bansal A, Strauss JF 3rd, Ischiropoulos H, Simmons RA: The Metabolomic Signature of the Placenta in Spontaneous Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 4;21(3). pii: ijms21031043. doi: 10.3390/ijms21031043. [PubMed:32033212 ]