1. (-)-Lactate
2. (-)-Lactic acid
3. (R)-(-)-Lactate
4. (R)-(-)-Lactic acid
5. (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoate
6. (R)-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
7. (R)-2-Hydroxypropionate
8. (R)-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
9. (R)-Lactate
10. (R)-Lactic acid
11. (R)-a-Hydroxypropionate
12. (R)-a-Hydroxypropionic acid
13. (R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionate
14. (R)-alpha-Hydroxypropionic acid
15. D-(-)-Lactate
16. D-(-)-Lactic acid
17. D-2-Hydroxypropanoate
18. D-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
19. D-2-Hydroxypropionate
20. D-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
21. D-Lactate
22. D-Lactic acid
23. DLA
24. L-(+)-Lactate
25. L-Lactic acid
26. Propel
27. Tisulac
28. delta-(-)-Lactate
29. delta-(-)-Lactic acid
30. delta-2-Hydroxypropanoate
31. delta-2-Hydroxypropanoic acid
32. delta-2-Hydroxypropionate
33. delta-2-Hydroxypropionic acid
34. delta-Lactate
35. delta-Lactic acid

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
• Extracellular
• mitochondria

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid
• Urine

• 125853 (Diabetes mellitus type 2)

1. Hasegawa H, Fukushima T, Lee JA, Tsukamoto K, Moriya K, Ono Y, Imai K: Determination of serum D-lactic and L-lactic acids in normal subjects and diabetic patients by column-switching HPLC with pre-column fluorescence derivatization. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2003 Nov;377(5):886-91. Epub 2003 Jul 19. [PubMed ]
2. Smith SM, Eng RH, Buccini F: Use of D-lactic acid measurements in the diagnosis of bacterial infections. J Infect Dis. 1986 Oct;154(4):658-64. [PubMed ]
3. Ellis LC, Groesbeck MD, Farr CH, Tesi RJ: Contractility of seminiferous tubules as related to sperm transport in the male. Arch Androl. 1981 Jun;6(4):283-94. [PubMed ]
4. Pedersen M: Ciliary activity and pollution. Lung. 1990;168 Suppl:368-76. [PubMed ]
5. McLellan AC, Phillips SA, Thornalley PJ: Fluorimetric assay of D-lactate. Anal Biochem. 1992 Oct;206(1):12-6. [PubMed ]
6. Schmid-Schonbein GW: Microlymphatics and lymph flow. Physiol Rev. 1990 Oct;70(4):987-1028. [PubMed ]
7. Solito R, Alessandrini C, Fruschelli M, Pucci AM, Gerli R: An immunological correlation between the anchoring filaments of initial lymph vessels and the neighboring elastic fibers: a unified morphofunctional concept. Lymphology. 1997 Dec;30(4):194-202. [PubMed ]
8. Brandt RB, Siegel SA: Methylglyoxal production in human blood. Ciba Found Symp. 1978;(67):211-23. [PubMed ]
9. Zhang YJ, O'Neal WK, Randell SH, Blackburn K, Moyer MB, Boucher RC, Ostrowski LE: Identification of dynein heavy chain 7 as an inner arm component of human cilia that is synthesized but not assembled in a case of primary ciliary dyskinesia. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 17;277(20):17906-15. Epub 2002 Mar 4. [PubMed ]
10. Tanyel FC, Ulusu NN, Tezcan EF, Buyukpamukcu N: Total calcium content of sacs associated with inguinal hernia, hydrocele or undescended testis reflects differences dictated by programmed cell death. Urol Int. 2003;70(3):211-5. [PubMed ]
11. Kaneko T, Bando Y, Kurihara H, Satomi K, Nonoyama K, Matsuura N: Fecal microflora in a patient with short-bowel syndrome and identification of dominant lactobacilli. J Clin Microbiol. 1997 Dec;35(12):3181-5. [PubMed ]
12. Hoijer MA, Melief MJ, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Eulderink F, Hazenberg MP: Detection of muramic acid in a carbohydrate fraction of human spleen. Infect Immun. 1995 May;63(5):1652-7. [PubMed ]
13. Wikipedia

1. Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, mitochondrial
2. Probable D-lactate dehydrogenase, mitochondrial
3. Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase-like protein

1. Glyoxalase II
2. Glx II

MVVGRGLLGRRSLAALGAACARRGLGPALLGVFCHTDLRKNLTVDEGTMKVEVLPALTDN
YMYLVIDDETKEAAIVDPVQPQKVVDAARKHGVKLTTVLTTHHHWDHAGGNEKLVKLESG
LKVYGGDDRIGALTHKITHLSTLQVGSLNVKCLATPCHTSGHICYFVSKPGGSEPPAVFT
GDTLFVAGCGKFYEGTADEMCKALLEVLGRLPPDTRVYCGHEYTINNLKFARHVEPGNAA
IREKLAWAKEKYSIGEPTVPSTLAEEFTYNPFMRVREKTVQQHAGETDPVTTMRAVRREK
DQFKMPRD

• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• S-(2-hydroxyacyl)glutathione + H2O = glutathione + a 2-hydroxy carboxylate [RN:R04090]

• Lactamase_B (PF00753 )

• None

• None

ATGGTGGTGGGCCGAGGGCTGCTCGGCCGCCGCAGCCTCGCCGCGCTGGGAGCCGCCTGC
GCCCGCCGAGGCCTCGGTCCAGCCCTGCTGGGAGTTTTCTGCCACACAGATTTGCGGAAG
AACCTGACCGTGGACGAGGGCACCATGAAGGTAGAGGTGCTGCCTGCCCTGACCGACAAC
TACATGTACCTGGTCATTGATGATGAGACCAAGGAGGCTGCCATTGTGGATCCGGTGCAG
CCCCAGAAGGTCGTGGACGCGGCGAGAAAGCACGGGGTGAAACTGACCACAGTGCTCACC
ACCCACCACCACTGGGACCATGCTGGCGGGAATGAGAAACTGGTCAAGCTGGAGTCGGGA
CTGAAGGTGTACGGGGGTGACGACCGTATCGGGGCCCTGACTCACAAGATCACTCACCTG
TCCACACTGCAGGTGGGGTCTCTGAACGTCAAGTGCCTGGCGACCCCGTGCCACACTTCA
GGACACATTTGTTACTTCGTGAGCAAGCCCGGAGGCTCGGAGCCCCCTGCCGTGTTCACA
GGTGACACCTTGTTTGTGGCTGGCTGCGGGAAGTTCTATGAAGGGACTGCGGATGAGATG
TGTAAAGCTCTGCTGGAGGTCTTGGGCCGGCTCCCCCCGGACACAAGAGTCTACTGTGGC
CACGAGTACACCATCAACAACCTCAAGTTTGCACGCCACGTGGAGCCCGGCAATGCCGCC
ATCCGGGAGAAGCTGGCCTGGGCCAAGGAGAAGTACAGCATCGGGGAGCCCACAGTGCCA
TCCACCCTGGCAGAGGAGTTTACCTACAACCCCTTCATGAGAGTGAGGGAGAAGACGGTG
CAGCAGCACGCAGGTGAGACGGACCCGGTGACCACCATGCGGGCCGTGCGCAGGGAGAAG
GACCAGTTCAAGATGCCCCGGGACTGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Feb 15;10(4):339-52. [PubMed ]
3. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Ridderstrom M, Saccucci F, Hellman U, Bergman T, Principato G, Mannervik B: Molecular cloning, heterologous expression, and characterization of human glyoxalase II. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 5;271(1):319-23. [PubMed ]
6. Cordell PA, Futers TS, Grant PJ, Pease RJ: The Human hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase (HAGH) gene encodes both cytosolic and mitochondrial forms of glyoxalase II. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 2;279(27):28653-61. Epub 2004 Apr 26. [PubMed ]
7. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed ]
8. Cameron AD, Ridderstrom M, Olin B, Mannervik B: Crystal structure of human glyoxalase II and its complex with a glutathione thiolester substrate analogue. Structure. 1999 Sep 15;7(9):1067-78. [PubMed ]

1. DLD
2. Lactate dehydrogenase D

MARLLRSATWELFPWRGYCSQKAKGELCRDFVEALKAVVGGSHVSTAAVVREQHGRDESV
HRCEPPDAVVWPQNVEQVSRLAALCYRQGVPIIPFGTGTGLEGGVCAVQGGVCVNLTHMD
RILELNQEDFSVVVEPGVTRKALNAHLRDSGLWFPVDPGADASLCGMAATGASGTNAVRY
GTMRDNVLNLEVVLPDGRLLHTAGRGRHFRFGFWPEIPHHTAWYSPCVSLGRRKSAAGYN
LTGLFVGSEGTLGLITATTLRLHPAPEATVAATCAFPSVQAAVDSTVHILQAAVPVARIE
FLDEVMMDACNRYSKLNCLVAPTLFLEFHGSQQALEEQLQRTEEIVQQNGASDFSWAKEA
EERSRLWTARHNAWYAALATRPGCKGYSTDVCVPISRLPEIVVQTKEDLNASGLTGSIVG
HVGDGNFHCILLVNPDDAEELGRVKAFAEQLGRRALALHGTCTGEHGIGMGKRQLLQEEV
GAVGVETMRQLKAVLDPQGLMNPGKVL

• Pyruvate Metabolism (map00620 )

• (R)-lactate + 2 ferricytochrome c = pyruvate + 2 ferrocytochrome c [RN:R00197]

• FAD-oxidase_C (PF02913 )
• FAD_binding_4 (PF01565 )

• None

• None

ATGGCCCGACTGCTCAGGTCTGCAACCTGGGAGCTGTTCCCCTGGAGGGGCTACTGCTCC
CAGAAGGCAAAGGGAGAGCTCTGCAGGGACTTCGTAGAGGCTCTGAAGGCCGTGGTGGGC
GGCTCCCACGTGTCCACTGCCGCGGTGGTCCGAGAGCAGCACGGGCGCGATGAGTCGGTG
CACAGGTGCGAACCTCCTGATGCTGTGGTGTGGCCCCAGAACGTGGAGCAGGTCAGCCGG
CTGGCAGCCCTGTGCTATCGCCAAGGTGTGCCCATCATCCCATTCGGCACCGGCACCGGG
CTTGAGGGTGGCGTCTGTGCTGTGCAGGGCGGCGTCTGCGTTAACCTGACGCATATGGAC
CGAATCCTGGAGCTGAACCAGGAGGACTTCTCTGTGGTGGTGGAGCCAGGTGTCACCCGC
AAAGCCCTCAACGCCCACCTGCGGGACAGCGGCCTCTGGTTTCCCGTGGACCCAGGCGCG
GACGCCTCTCTCTGTGGCATGGCGGCCACCGGGGCGTCGGGGACCAACGCGGTCCGCTAC
GGCACCATGCGGGACAACGTGCTCAACCTGGAGGTGGTGCTGCCCGACGGGCGGCTGCTG
CACACGGCGGGCCGAGGCCGGCATTTCCGCTTCGGCTTCTGGCCAGAAATCCCTCATCAC
ACAGCCTGGTACTCACCTTGTGTGTCCCTGGGACGTAGGAAGAGTGCAGCCGGCTACAAC
CTCACGGGGCTCTTCGTGGGCTCCGAGGGGACGCTGGGCCTCATCACAGCCACCACCCTG
CGCCTGCACCCTGCCCCTGAGGCCACAGTGGCCGCCACGTGTGCGTTCCCCAGTGTCCAG
GCTGCTGTGGACAGCACTGTACACATCCTCCAGGCTGCAGTGCCCGTAGCCCGCATTGAG
TTCCTGGATGAAGTCATGATGGATGCCTGCAACAGGTACAGCAAGCTGAATTGCTTAGTG
GCGCCCACACTCTTCCTGGAGTTCCATGGCTCCCAGCAGGCACTGGAGGAGCAGCTGCAG
CGCACAGAGGAGATAGTCCAGCAGAACGGAGCCTCTGACTTCTCCTGGGCCAAGGAGGCC
GAGGAGCGCAGCCGGCTTTGGACAGCACGGCACAATGCCTGGTACGCAGCCCTGGCCACG
CGGCCAGGCTGCAAGGGCTACTCCACGGATGTGTGTGTGCCCATCTCCCGGCTGCCGGAG
ATCGTGGTGCAGACCAAGGAGGATCTGAATGCCTCAGGACTCACAGGAAGCATTGTCGGG
CATGTGGGTGACGGCAACTTCCACTGCATCCTGCTGGTCAACCCTGATGACGCCGAGGAA
CTGGGCAGGGTCAAGGCTTTTGCAGAACAGCTGGGCAGGCGGGCACTGGCTCTCCACGGA
ACGTGCACGGGGGAGCATGGCATCGGAATGGGCAAGCGGCAGCTGCTGCAGGAGGAGGTG
GGCGCCGTGGGCGTGGAGACCATGCGGCAGCTCAAGGCCGTGCTAGACCCCCAAGGCCTC
ATGAATCCAGGCAAAGTGCTGTGA

1. Flick MJ, Konieczny SF: Identification of putative mammalian D-lactate dehydrogenase enzymes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Jul 26;295(4):910-6. [PubMed ]
2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

MKVKVIPVLEDNYMYLVIEELTREAVAVDVAVPKRLLEIVGREGVSLTAVLTTHHHWDHA
RGNPELARLRPGLAVLGADERIFSLTRRLAHGEELRFGAIHVRCLLTPGHTAGHMSYFLW
EDDCPDPPALFSGDALSVAGCGSCLEGSAQQMYQSLAELGTLPPETKVFCGHEHTLSNLE
FAQKVEPCNDHVRAKLSWAKARPLSRRGKRVGGEGTGFGVGGALRQGLMVTGACGHSRRG
MRMTCPLCRRLWARSASTTPSCGWREYGCCPGASTVTWTLRKASGDCVLG

• Lactamase_B (PF00753 )

• None

• None

ATGAAGGTCAAGGTCATCCCCGTGCTCGAGGACAACTACATGTACCTGGTCATCGAGGAG
CTCACGCGCGAGGCGGTGGCCGTGGACGTGGCTGTGCCCAAGAGGCTGCTGGAGATCGTG
GGCCGGGAGGGGGTGTCTCTGACCGCTGTGCTGACCACCCACCATCACTGGGACCACGCG
CGGGGAAACCCGGAGCTGGCGCGGCTTCGTCCCGGGCTGGCGGTGCTGGGCGCGGACGAG
CGCATCTTCTCGCTGACGCGCAGGCTGGCGCACGGCGAGGAGCTGCGGTTCGGGGCCATC
CACGTGCGTTGCCTCCTGACGCCCGGCCACACCGCCGGCCACATGAGCTACTTCCTGTGG
GAGGACGATTGCCCGGACCCACCCGCCCTGTTCTCGGGCGACGCGCTGTCGGTGGCCGGC
TGCGGCTCGTGCCTGGAGGGCAGCGCCCAGCAGATGTACCAGAGCCTGGCCGAGCTGGGT
ACCCTGCCCCCCGAGACGAAGGTGTTCTGCGGCCACGAGCACACGCTTAGCAACCTGGAG
TTTGCCCAGAAAGTGGAGCCCTGCAACGACCACGTGAGAGCCAAGCTGTCCTGGGCTAAG
GCACGGCCCCTTTCCCGCCGCGGCAAGAGGGTGGGGGGGGAGGGAACAGGCTTCGGGGTG
GGGGGGGCTCTCAGACAAGGCCTAATGGTGACCGGGGCCTGTGGTCACTCCAGAAGAGGG
ATGAGGATGACGTGCCCACTGTGCCGTCGACTCTGGGCGAGGAGCGCCTCTACAACCCCT
TCCTGCGGGTGGCGTGAGTATGGCTGTTGTCCCGGGGCCTCCACCGTTACGTGGACCCTT
AGGAAGGCATCTGGGGACTGCGTGTTGGGCTGA

1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
2. Daniels RJ, Peden JF, Lloyd C, Horsley SW, Clark K, Tufarelli C, Kearney L, Buckle VJ, Doggett NA, Flint J, Higgs DR: Sequence, structure and pathology of the fully annotated terminal 2 Mb of the short arm of human chromosome 16. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 Feb 15;10(4):339-52. [PubMed ]
3. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed ]
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