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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Alpha-Linolenic acid (HMDB01388)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-16 15:48:42
Update Date 2011-07-11 17:06:42
Accession Number HMDB01388
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Alpha-Linolenic acid
Description Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). It is a member of the group of essential fatty acids called omega-3 fatty acids. Alpha-linolenic acid, in particular, is not synthesized by mammals and therefore is an essential dietary requirement for all mammals. Certain nuts (English walnuts) and vegetable oils (canola, soybean, flaxseed/linseed, olive) are particularly rich in alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Omega-3 fatty acids get their name based on the location of one of their first double bond. In all omega-3 fatty acids, the first double bond is located between the third and fourth carbon atom counting from the methyl end of the fatty acid (n-3). Although humans and other mammals can synthesize saturated and some monounsaturated fatty acids from carbon groups in carbohydrates and proteins, they lack the enzymes necessary to insert a cis double bond at the n-6 or the n-3 position of a fatty acid. Omega-3 fatty acids like a-linolenic acid are important structural components of cell membranes. When incorporated into phospholipids, they affect cell membrane properties such as fluidity, flexibility, permeability and the activity of membrane bound enzymes. Omega-3 fatty acids can modulate the expression of a number of genes, including those involved with fatty acid metabolism and inflammation. Alpha linolenic acid and other omega 3 fatty acids may regulate gene expression by interacting with specific transcription factors, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and liver X receptors (LXRs).
Synonyms
  1. (9,12,15)-linolenate
  2. (9,12,15)-linolenic acid
  3. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoate
  4. (9Z,12Z,15Z)-Octadecatrienoic acid
  5. (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
  6. (Z,Z,Z)-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
  7. 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
  8. 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
  9. 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-octadecatrienoate
  10. 9-cis,12-cis,15-cis-octadecatrienoic acid
  11. Industrene 120
  12. Linolenate
  13. Linolenic acid
  14. a-Linolenate
  15. all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
  16. all-cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
  17. alpha-Linolenate
  18. cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoate
  19. cis,cis,cis-9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid
  20. cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoate
  21. cis-9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid
  22. a-Linolenic acid
  23. alpha-Linolenic acid
Chemical IUPAC Name (9Z,12Z,15Z)-octadeca-9,12,15-trienoic acid
Chemical Formula C18H30O2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Organic acids
Class
  • Fatty Acids
Sub Class
  • Long chain fatty acids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • carboxylic acid
  • alkene
Biofunction
  • Essential fatty acid
Application
Source
  • Exogenous
Average Molecular Weight 278.430
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 278.224579
Isomeric SMILES CCC=C/CC=C/CC=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O
Canonical SMILES CCC=CCC=CCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C06427 Link Image
BioCyc ID LINOLENIC_ACID Link Image
BiGG ID 48237 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Linolenic acid Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01388 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01388 Link Image
METLIN ID 6208 Link Image
PubChem Compound 860 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11362510 Link Image
ChEBI ID 27432 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 463-40-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C18H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h3-4,6-7,9-10H,2,5,8,11-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b4-3-,7-6-,10-9-
Synthesis Reference Li, Guihua; Qian, Xiangming; Jiang, Yanchao; Ma, Shushi. Preparation of a-linolenic acid from linseed oil. Zhengzhou Gongcheng Xueyuan Xuebao (2004), 25(3), 13-15.
Melting Point (Experimental) -16.5 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.000124 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM et al. (1996)]; 2.66e-04 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Liquid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity 6.46 [SANGSTER (1993)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 6.62 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 5.8 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Membrane (Predicted from LogP)
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Adipose Tissue
Epidermis
Fibroblasts
Intestine
Muscle
Nervous Tissues
Placenta
Platelet
Prostate
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 1.1 +/- 0.8 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 1.975 +/- 1.223 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Psychogios N, Hau DD, Peng J, Guo AC, Mandal R, Bouatra S, Sinelnikov I, Krishnamurthy R, Eisner R, Gautam B, Young N, Xia J, Knox C, Dong E, Huang P, Hollander Z, Pedersen TL, Smith SR, Bamforth F, Greiner R, McManus B, Newman JW, Goodfriend T, Wishart DS: The human serum metabolome. PLoS One. 2011 Feb 16;6(2):e16957. [PubMed Link Image]
  • Wishart DS, Knox C, Guo AC, Eisner R, Young N, Gautam B, Hau DD, Psychogios N, Dong E, Bouatra S, Mandal R, Sinelnikov I, Xia J, Jia L, Cruz JA, Lim E, Sobsey CA, Shrivastava S, Huang P, Liu P, Fang L, Peng J, Fradette R, Cheng D, Tzur D, Clements M, Lewis A, De Souza A, Zuniga A, Dawe M, Xiong Y, Clive D, Greiner R, Nazyrova A, Shaykhutdinov R, Li L, Vogel HJ, Forsythe I: HMDB: a knowledgebase for the human metabolome. Nucleic Acids Res. 2008 Oct 25. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 17.5 +/- 7.6 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 16.8 +/- 7.3 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 18.5 +/- 7.9 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.115 +/- 0.004 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Quehenberger O, Armando AM, Brown AH, Milne SB, Myers DS, Merrill AH, Bandyopadhyay S, Jones KN, Kelly S, Shaner RL, Sullards CM, Wang E, Murphy RC, Barkley RM, Leiker TJ, Raetz CR, Guan Z, Laird GM, Six DA, Russell DW, McDonald JG, Subramaniam S, Fahy E, Dennis EA: Lipidomics reveals a remarkable diversity of lipids in human plasma. J Lipid Res. 2010 Nov;51(11):3299-305. Epub 2010 Jul 29. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.73 +/- 0.54 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Kim KM, Jung BH, Lho DS, Chung WY, Paeng KJ, Chung BC: Alteration of urinary profiles of endogenous steroids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003 Dec 30;202(2):173-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 21.2 +/- 7.2 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Condition Hypertension
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 20.5 +/- 7.5 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Condition Essential hypertension
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Blood
Value 22.7 +/- 6.2 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Essential hypertension
Comments Not Available
References
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid Urine
Value 0.49 +/- 0.46 umol/mmol creatinine
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Condition Thyroid cancer
Comments Not Available
References
  • Kim KM, Jung BH, Lho DS, Chung WY, Paeng KJ, Chung BC: Alteration of urinary profiles of endogenous steroids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003 Dec 30;202(2):173-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Essential hypertension
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Hypertension
  • Wang S, Ma A, Song S, Quan Q, Zhao X, Zheng X: Fasting serum free fatty acid composition, waist/hip ratio and insulin activity in essential hypertensive patients. Hypertens Res. 2008 Apr;31(4):623-32. [PubMed Link Image]
Thyroid cancer
  • Kim KM, Jung BH, Lho DS, Chung WY, Paeng KJ, Chung BC: Alteration of urinary profiles of endogenous steroids and polyunsaturated fatty acids in thyroid cancer. Cancer Lett. 2003 Dec 30;202(2):173-9. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Alpha Linolenic Acid and Linoleic Acid Metabolism SMP00018 Link Image map00592 Link Image
General References
  1. Christensen JH, Fabrin K, Borup K, Barber N, Poulsen J: Prostate tissue and leukocyte levels of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in men with benign prostate hyperplasia or prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2006 Feb;97(2):270-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Attar-Bashi NM, Frauman AG, Sinclair AJ: Alpha-linolenic acid and the risk of prostate cancer. What is the evidence? J Urol. 2004 Apr;171(4):1402-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Rastogi SK, Singh J: Effect of chemical penetration enhancer and iontophoresis on the in vitro percutaneous absorption enhancement of insulin through porcine epidermis. Pharm Dev Technol. 2005;10(1):97-104. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Allman MA, Pena MM, Pang D: Supplementation with flaxseed oil versus sunflowerseed oil in healthy young men consuming a low fat diet: effects on platelet composition and function. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1995 Mar;49(3):169-78. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Fokkema MR, Brouwer DA, Hasperhoven MB, Martini IA, Muskiet FA: Short-term supplementation of low-dose gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), or GLA plus ALA does not augment LCP omega 3 status of Dutch vegans to an appreciable extent. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 2000 Nov;63(5):287-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Becker CC, Lund P, Holmer G, Jensen H, Sandstrom B: Effects of butter oil blends with increased concentrations of stearic, oleic and linolenic acid on blood lipids in young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr. 1999 Jul;53(7):535-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Jones DB, Scaretto L, Carter R, Mann JI: Glucose, insulin and platelet fatty acids following myocardial infarction: an association with infarct size. Diabete Metab. 1987 Jul-Aug;13(4):463-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Crastes de Paulet A, Babin F, Billeaud C, Bougle D, Sarda P, Mendy F: [Biological effects on premature neonates of a milk formula enriched with alpha-linolenic acid: a multicenter study] Bull Acad Natl Med. 1994 Feb;178(2):267-73; discussion 273-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Richieri GV, Ogata RT, Kleinfeld AM: Equilibrium constants for the binding of fatty acids with fatty acid-binding proteins from adipocyte, intestine, heart, and liver measured with the fluorescent probe ADIFAB. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 30;269(39):23918-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Li D, Sinclair A, Wilson A, Nakkote S, Kelly F, Abedin L, Mann N, Turner A: Effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on thrombotic risk factors in vegetarian men. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999 May;69(5):872-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Bhatia KS, Singh J: Effect of linolenic acid/ethanol or limonene/ethanol and iontophoresis on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of LHRH and ultrastructure of human epidermis. Int J Pharm. 1999 Apr 15;180(2):235-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Baylin A, Kabagambe EK, Ascherio A, Spiegelman D, Campos H: Adipose tissue alpha-linolenic acid and nonfatal acute myocardial infarction in Costa Rica. Circulation. 2003 Apr 1;107(12):1586-91. Epub 2003 Mar 10. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Williard DE, Nwankwo JO, Kaduce TL, Harmon SD, Irons M, Moser HW, Raymond GV, Spector AA: Identification of a fatty acid delta6-desaturase deficiency in human skin fibroblasts. J Lipid Res. 2001 Apr;42(4):501-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Campbell FM, Gordon MJ, Dutta-Roy AK: Preferential uptake of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids by isolated human placental membranes. Mol Cell Biochem. 1996 Feb 9;155(1):77-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Cunnane SC, Hamadeh MJ, Liede AC, Thompson LU, Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ: Nutritional attributes of traditional flaxseed in healthy young adults. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995 Jan;61(1):62-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Bajaj M, Suraamornkul S, Romanelli A, Cline GW, Mandarino LJ, Shulman GI, DeFronzo RA: Effect of a sustained reduction in plasma free fatty acid concentration on intramuscular long-chain fatty Acyl-CoAs and insulin action in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes. 2005 Nov;54(11):3148-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2
  2. Group IIF secretory phospholipase A2
  3. Cytosolic phospholipase A2
  4. Phospholipase A2
  5. Group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein
  6. Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2
  7. Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2
  8. 85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2
  9. Group IID secretory phospholipase A2
  10. Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2
  11. Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
  12. Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
  13. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial
  14. Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
  15. Phospholipase A2, group XIIA, isoform CRA_b
  16. Fatty acid desaturase 2
  17. Cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta
  18. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4
  19. cDNA FLJ75686, highly similar to Homo sapiens phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) (PLA2G2A), mRNA (Phospholipase A2, group IIA (Platelets, synovial fluid), isoform CRA_a)
  20. Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent) (Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent), isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5287
Enzyme 1 Name Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Group V phospholipase A2
  2. PLA2-10
  3. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 5
Enzyme 1 Gene Name PLA2G5
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2
MKGLLPLAWFLACSVPAVQGGLLDLKSMIEKVTGKNALTNYGFYGCYCGWGGRGTPKDGT
DWCCWAHDHCYGRLEEKGCNIRTQSYKYRFAWGVVTCEPGPFCHVNLCACDRKLVYCLKR
NLRSYNPQYQYFPNILCS
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 138
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 15674.1
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.48
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. This isozyme hydrolyzes more efficiently L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine than L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylcholine, L- alpha-1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylethanolamine, or L- alpha-1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl phosphatidylinositol. May be involved in the production of lung surfactant, the remodeling or regulation of cardiac muscle
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-20
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 10862735 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P39877 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2G5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >417 bp
ATGAAAGGCCTCCTCCCACTGGCTTGGTTCCTGGCTTGTAGTGTGCCTGCTGTGCAAGGA
GGCTTGCTGGACCTAAAATCAATGATCGAGAAGGTGACAGGGAAGAACGCCCTGACAAAC
TACGGCTTCTACGGCTGTTACTGCGGCTGGGGCGGCCGAGGAACCCCCAAGGATGGCACC
GATTGGTGCTGTTGGGCGCATGACCACTGCTATGGGCGGCTGGAGGAGAAGGGCTGCAAC
ATTCGCACACAGTCCTACAAATACAGATTCGCGTGGGGCGTGGTCACCTGCGAGCCCGGG
CCCTTCTGCCATGTGAACCTCTGTGCCTGTGACCGGAAGCTCGTCTACTGCCTCAAGAGA
AACCTACGGAGCTACAACCCACAGTACCAATACTTTCCCAACATCCTCTGCTCCTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AL158172 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID PLA2G5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID PLA2G5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9038 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 1p36-p34
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Chen J, Engle SJ, Seilhamer JJ, Tischfield JA: Cloning and recombinant expression of a novel human low molecular weight Ca(2+)-dependent phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jan 28;269(4):2365-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5288
Enzyme 2 Name Group IIF secretory phospholipase A2
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. GIIF sPLA2
  2. sPLA2-IIF
  3. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2F
Enzyme 2 Gene Name PLA2G2F
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Group IIF secretory phospholipase A2
MKKFFTVAILAGSVLSTAHGSLLNLKAMVEAVTGRSAILSFVGYGCYCGLGGRGQPKDEV
DWCCHAHDCCYQELFDQGCHPYVDHYDHTIENNTEIVCSDLNKTECDKQTCMCDKNMVLC
LMNQTYREEYRGFLNVYCQGPTPNCSIYEPPPEEVTCSHQSPAPPAPP
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 168
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 18658.0
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 4.94
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Hydrolyzes phosphatidylglycerol versus phosphatidylcholine with a 15-fold preference
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-20
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 12276060 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BZM2 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2GF_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >507 bp
ATGAAGAAGTTCTTCACCGTGGCCATCCTTGCTGGCAGCGTTCTGTCCACAGCTCACGGC
AGCCTGCTCAACCTGAAGGCCATGGTGGAGGCCGTCACAGGGAGGAGCGCCATCCTGTCC
TTCGTGGGCTACGGTTGCTACTGTGGGCTGGGGGGCCGTGGCCAGCCCAAGGATGAGGTG
GACTGGTGCTGCCACGCCCACGACTGCTGCTACCAGGAACTCTTTGACCAAGGCTGTCAC
CCCTATGTGGACCACTATGATCACACCATCGAGAACAACACTGAGATAGTCTGCAGTGAC
CTCAACAAGACAGAGTGTGACAAGCAGACATGCATGTGTGACAAGAACATGGTTCTGTGC
CTCATGAACCAGACGTACCGAGAGGAGTACCGTGGCTTCCTCAATGTCTACTGCCAGGGC
CCCACGCCCAACTGCAGCATCTATGAACCGCCCCCTGAGGAGGTCACCTGCAGTCACCAA
TCCCCAGCGCCCCCCGCCCCTCCCTAG
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AF306566 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID PLA2G2F Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID PLA2G2F Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:30040 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 1p35
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Valentin E, Singer AG, Ghomashchi F, Lazdunski M, Gelb MH, Lambeau G: Cloning and recombinant expression of human group IIF-secreted phospholipase A(2). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Dec 9;279(1):223-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5289
Enzyme 3 Name Cytosolic phospholipase A2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. cPLA2
  2. Phospholipase A2 group IVA
  3. Phospholipase A2
  4. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase
  5. Lysophospholipase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PLA2G4A
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Cytosolic phospholipase A2
MSFIDPYQHIIVEHQYSHKFTVVVLRATKVTKGAFGDMLDTPDPYVELFISTTPDSRKRT
RHFNNDINPVWNETFEFILDPNQENVLEITLMDANYVMDETLGTATFTVSSMKVGEKKEV
PFIFNQVTEMVLEMSLEVCSCPDLRFSMALCDQEKTFRQQRKEHIRESMKKLLGPKNSEG
LHSARDVPVVAILGSGGGFRAMVGFSGVMKALYESGILDCATYVAGLSGSTWYMSTLYSH
PDFPEKGPEEINEELMKNVSHNPLLLLTPQKVKRYVESLWKKKSSGQPVTFTDIFGMLIG
ETLIHNRMNTTLSSLKEKVNTAQCPLPLFTCLHVKPDVSELMFADWVEFSPYEIGMAKYG
TFMAPDLFGSKFFMGTVVKKYEENPLHFLMGVWGSAFSILFNRVLGVSGSQSRGSTMEEE
LENITTKHIVSNDSSDSDDESHEPKGTENEDAGSDYQSDNQASWIHRMIMALVSDSALFN
TREGRAGKVHNFMLGLNLNTSYPLSPLSDFATQDSFDDDELDAAVADPDEFERIYEPLDV
KSKKIHVVDSGLTFNLPYPLILRPQRGVDLIISFDFSARPSDSSPPFKELLLAEKWAKMN
KLPFPKIDPYVFDREGLKECYVFKPKNPDMEKDCPTIIHFVLANINFRKYKAPGVPRETE
EEKEIADFDIFDDPESPFSTFNFQYPNQAFKRLHDLMHFNTLNNIDVIKEAMVESIEYRR
QNPSRCSVSLSNVEARRFFNKEFLSKPKA
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 749
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 85210.2
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 5.03
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • lipase activity
  • phospholipase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid catabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in metabolic process
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Selectively hydrolyzes arachidonyl phospholipids in the sn-2 position releasing arachidonic acid. Together with its lysophospholipid activity, it is implicated in the initiation of the inflammatory response
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • 2-lysophosphatidylcholine + H2O = glycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R07291]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P47712 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA24A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1CJY Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >2250 bp
ATGTCATTTATAGATCCTTACCAGCACATTATAGTGGAGCACCAGTATTCCCACAAGTTT
ACGGTAGTGGTGTTACGTGCCACCAAAGTGACAAAGGGGGCCTTTGGTGACATGCTTGAT
ACTCCAGATCCCTATGTGGAACTTTTTATCTCTACAACCCCTGACAGCAGGAAGAGAACA
AGACATTTCAATAATGACATAAACCCTGTGTGGAATGAGACCTTTGAATTTATTTTGGAT
CCTAATCAGGAAAATGTTTTGGAGATTACGTTAATGGATGCCAATTATGTCATGGATGAA
ACTCTAGGGACAGCAACATTTACTGTATCTTCTATGAAGGTGGGAGAAAAGAAAGAAGTT
CCTTTTATTTTCAACCAAGTCACTGAAATGGTTCTAGAAATGTCTCTTGAAGTTTGCTCA
TGCCCAGACCTACGATTTAGTATGGCTCTGTGTGATCAGGAGAAGACTTTCAGACAACAG
AGAAAAGAACACATAAGGGAGAGCATGAAGAAACTCTTGGGTCCAAAGAATAGTGAAGGA
TTGCATTCTGCACGTGATGTGCCTGTGGTAGCCATATTGGGTTCAGGTGGGGGTTTCCGA
GCCATGGTGGGATTCTCTGGTGTGATGAAGGCATTATACGAATCAGGAATTCTGGATTGT
GCTACCTACGTTGCTGGTCTTTCTGGCTCCACCTGGTATATGTCAACCTTGTATTCTCAC
CCTGATTTTCCAGAGAAAGGGCCAGAGGAGATTAATGAAGAACTAATGAAAAATGTTAGC
CACAATCCCCTTTTACTTCTCACACCACAGAAAGTTAAAAGATATGTTGAGTCTTTATGG
AAGAAGAAAAGCTCTGGACAACCTGTCACCTTTACTGATATCTTTGGGATGTTAATAGGA
GAAACACTAATTCATAATAGAATGAATACTACTCTGAGCAGTTTGAAGGAAAAAGTTAAT
ACTGCACAATGCCCTTTACCTCTTTTCACCTGTCTTCATGTCAAACCTGACGTTTCAGAG
CTGATGTTTGCAGATTGGGTTGAATTTAGTCCATACGAAATTGGCATGGCTAAATATGGT
ACTTTTATGGCTCCCGACTTATTTGGAAGCAAATTTTTTATGGGAACAGTCGTTAAGAAG
TATGAAGAAAACCCCTTGCATTTCTTAATGGGTGTCTGGGGCAGTGCCTTTTCCATATTG
TTCAACAGAGTTTTGGGCGTTTCTGGTTCACAAAGCAGAGGCTCCACAATGGAGGAAGAA
TTAGAAAATATTACCACAAAGCATATTGTGAGTAATGATAGCTCGGACAGTGATGATGAA
TCACACGAACCCAAAGGCACTGAAAATGAAGATGCTGGAAGTGACTATCAAAGTGATAAT
CAAGCAAGTTGGATTCATCGTATGATAATGGCCTTGGTGAGTGATTCAGCTTTATTCAAT
ACCAGAGAAGGACGTGCTGGGAAGGTACACAACTTCATGCTGGGCTTGAATCTCAATACA
TCTTATCCACTGTCTCCTTTGAGTGACTTTGCCACACAGGACTCCTTTGATGATGATGAA
CTGGATGCAGCTGTAGCAGATCCTGATGAATTTGAGCGAATATATGAGCCTCTGGATGTC
AAAAGTAAAAAGATTCATGTAGTGGACAGTGGGCTCACATTTAACCTGCCGTATCCCTTG
ATACTGAGACCTCAGAGAGGGGTTGATCTCATAATCTCCTTTGACTTTTCTGCAAGGCCA
AGTGACTCTAGTCCTCCGTTCAAGGAACTTCTACTTGCAGAAAAGTGGGCTAAAATGAAC
AAGCTCCCCTTTCCAAAGATTGATCCTTATGTGTTTGATCGGGAAGGGCTGAAGGAGTGC
TATGTCTTTAAACCCAAGAATCCTGATATGGAGAAAGATTGCCCAACCATCATCCACTTT
GTTCTGGCCAACATCAACTTCAGAAAGTACAAGGCTCCAGGTGTTCCAAGGGAAACTGAG
GAAGAGAAAGAAATCGCTGACTTTGATATTTTTGATGACCCAGAATCACCATTTTCAACC
TTCAATTTTCAATATCCAAATCAAGCATTCAAAAGACTACATGATCTTATGCACTTCAAT
ACTCTGAACAACATTGATGTGATAAAAGAAGCCATGGTTGAAAGCATTGAATATAGAAGA
CAGAATCCATCTCGTTGCTCTGTTTCCCTTAGTAATGTTGAGGCAAGAAGATTTTTCAAC
AAGGAGTTTCTAAGTAAACCCAAAGCATAG
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M72393 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID PLA2G4A Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PLA2G4A Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:9035 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1q25
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Clark JD, Lin LL, Kriz RW, Ramesha CS, Sultzman LA, Lin AY, Milona N, Knopf JL: A novel arachidonic acid-selective cytosolic PLA2 contains a Ca(2+)-dependent translocation domain with homology to PKC and GAP. Cell. 1991 Jun 14;65(6):1043-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Sharp JD, White DL, Chiou XG, Goodson T, Gamboa GC, McClure D, Burgett S, Hoskins J, Skatrud PL, Sportsman JR, et al.: Molecular cloning and expression of human Ca(2+)-sensitive cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1991 Aug 15;266(23):14850-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Lin LL, Wartmann M, Lin AY, Knopf JL, Seth A, Davis RJ: cPLA2 is phosphorylated and activated by MAP kinase. Cell. 1993 Jan 29;72(2):269-78. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Sharp JD, Pickard RT, Chiou XG, Manetta JV, Kovacevic S, Miller JR, Varshavsky AD, Roberts EF, Strifler BA, Brems DN, et al.: Serine 228 is essential for catalytic activities of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1994 Sep 16;269(37):23250-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Borsch-Haubold AG, Bartoli F, Asselin J, Dudler T, Kramer RM, Apitz-Castro R, Watson SP, Gelb MH: Identification of the phosphorylation sites of cytosolic phospholipase A2 in agonist-stimulated human platelets and HeLa cells. J Biol Chem. 1998 Feb 20;273(8):4449-58. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Sheridan AM, Force T, Yoon HJ, O'Leary E, Choukroun G, Taheri MR, Bonventre JV: PLIP, a novel splice variant of Tip60, interacts with group IV cytosolic phospholipase A(2), induces apoptosis, and potentiates prostaglandin production. Mol Cell Biol. 2001 Jul;21(14):4470-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Beausoleil SA, Jedrychowski M, Schwartz D, Elias JE, Villen J, Li J, Cohn MA, Cantley LC, Gygi SP: Large-scale characterization of HeLa cell nuclear phosphoproteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 17;101(33):12130-5. Epub 2004 Aug 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Beausoleil SA, Villen J, Gerber SA, Rush J, Gygi SP: A probability-based approach for high-throughput protein phosphorylation analysis and site localization. Nat Biotechnol. 2006 Oct;24(10):1285-92. Epub 2006 Sep 10. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Perisic O, Fong S, Lynch DE, Bycroft M, Williams RL: Crystal structure of a calcium-phospholipid binding domain from cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 16;273(3):1596-604. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Xu GY, McDonagh T, Yu HA, Nalefski EA, Clark JD, Cumming DA: Solution structure and membrane interactions of the C2 domain of cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Mol Biol. 1998 Jul 17;280(3):485-500. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5290
Enzyme 4 Name Phospholipase A2
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Group IB phospholipase A2
  2. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 1B
Enzyme 4 Gene Name PLA2G1B
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Phospholipase A2
MKLLVLAVLLTVAAADSGISPRAVWQFRKMIKCVIPGSDPFLEYNNYGCYCGLGGSGTPV
DELDKCCQTHDNCYDQAKKLDSCKFLLDNPYTHTYSYSCSGSAITCSSKNKECEAFICNC
DRNAAICFSKAPYNKAHKNLDTKKYCQS
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 148
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 16359.5
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.91
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 4 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • 1-15
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04054 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA21B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >447 bp
ATGAAACTCCTTGTGCTAGCTGTGCTGCTCACAGTGGCCGCCGCCGACAGCGGCATCAGC
CCTCGGGCCGTGTGGCAGTTCCGCAAAATGATCAAGTGCGTGATCCCGGGGAGTGACCCC
TTCTTGGAATACAACAACTACGGCTGCTACTGTGGCTTGGGGGGCTCAGGCACCCCCGTG
GATGAACTGGACAAGTGCTGCCAGACACATGACAACTGCTATGACCAGGCCAAGAAGCTG
GACAGCTGTAAATTTCTGCTGGACAACCCGTACACCCACACCTATTCATACTCGTGCTCT
GGCTCGGCAATCACCTGTAGCAGCAAAAACAAAGAGTGTGAGGCCTTCATTTGCAACTGC
GACCGCAACGCTGCCATCTGCTTTTCAAAAGCTCCATATAACAAGGCACACAAGAACCTG
GACACCAAGAAGTATTGTCAGAGTTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID M21054 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID PLA2G1B Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID PLA2G1B Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:9030 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 4 Locus 12q23-q24.1
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Seilhamer JJ, Randall TL, Yamanaka M, Johnson LK: Pancreatic phospholipase A2: isolation of the human gene and cDNAs from porcine pancreas and human lung. DNA. 1986 Dec;5(6):519-27. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Scherer SE, Muzny DM, Buhay CJ, Chen R, Cree A, Ding Y, Dugan-Rocha S, Gill R, Gunaratne P, Harris RA, Hawes AC, Hernandez J, Hodgson AV, Hume J, Jackson A, Khan ZM, Kovar-Smith C, Lewis LR, Lozado RJ, Metzker ML, Milosavljevic A, Miner GR, Montgomery KT, Morgan MB, Nazareth LV, Scott G, Sodergren E, Song XZ, Steffen D, Lovering RC, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Yuan Y, Zhang Z, Adams CQ, Ansari-Lari MA, Ayele M, Brown MJ, Chen G, Chen Z, Clerc-Blankenburg KP, Davis C, Delgado O, Dinh HH, Draper H, Gonzalez-Garay ML, Havlak P, Jackson LR, Jacob LS, Kelly SH, Li L, Li Z, Liu J, Liu W, Lu J, Maheshwari M, Nguyen BV, Okwuonu GO, Pasternak S, Perez LM, Plopper FJ, Santibanez J, Shen H, Tabor PE, Verduzco D, Waldron L, Wang Q, Williams GA, Zhang J, Zhou J, Allen CC, Amin AG, Anyalebechi V, Bailey M, Barbaria JA, Bimage KE, Bryant NP, Burch PE, Burkett CE, Burrell KL, Calderon E, Cardenas V, Carter K, Casias K, Cavazos I, Cavazos SR, Ceasar H, Chacko J, Chan SN, Chavez D, Christopoulos C, Chu J, Cockrell R, Cox CD, Dang M, Dathorne SR, David R, Davis CM, Davy-Carroll L, Deshazo DR, Donlin JE, D'Souza L, Eaves KA, Egan A, Emery-Cohen AJ, Escotto M, Flagg N, Forbes LD, Gabisi AM, Garza M, Hamilton C, Henderson N, Hernandez O, Hines S, Hogues ME, Huang M, Idlebird DG, Johnson R, Jolivet A, Jones S, Kagan R, King LM, Leal B, Lebow H, Lee S, LeVan JM, Lewis LC, London P, Lorensuhewa LM, Loulseged H, Lovett DA, Lucier A, Lucier RL, Ma J, Madu RC, Mapua P, Martindale AD, Martinez E, Massey E, Mawhiney S, Meador MG, Mendez S, Mercado C, Mercado IC, Merritt CE, Miner ZL, Minja E, Mitchell T, Mohabbat F, Mohabbat K, Montgomery B, Moore N, Morris S, Munidasa M, Ngo RN, Nguyen NB, Nickerson E, Nwaokelemeh OO, Nwokenkwo S, Obregon M, Oguh M, Oragunye N, Oviedo RJ, Parish BJ, Parker DN, Parrish J, Parks KL, Paul HA, Payton BA, Perez A, Perrin W, Pickens A, Primus EL, Pu LL, Puazo M, Quiles MM, Quiroz JB, Rabata D, Reeves K, Ruiz SJ, Shao H, Sisson I, Sonaike T, Sorelle RP, Sutton AE, Svatek AF, Svetz LA, Tamerisa KS, Taylor TR, Teague B, Thomas N, Thorn RD, Trejos ZY, Trevino BK, Ukegbu ON, Urban JB, Vasquez LI, Vera VA, Villasana DM, Wang L, Ward-Moore S, Warren JT, Wei X, White F, Williamson AL, Wleczyk R, Wooden HS, Wooden SH, Yen J, Yoon L, Yoon V, Zorrilla SE, Nelson D, Kucherlapati R, Weinstock G, Gibbs RA: The finished DNA sequence of human chromosome 12. Nature. 2006 Mar 16;440(7082):346-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Grataroli R, Dijkman R, Dutilh CE, van der Ouderaa F, De Haas GH, Figarella C: Studies on prophospholipase A2 and its enzyme from human pancreatic juice. Catalytic properties and sequence of the N-terminal region. Eur J Biochem. 1982 Feb;122(1):111-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Verheij HM, Westerman J, Sternby B, De Haas GH: The complete primary structure of phospholipase A2 from human pancreas. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Sep 14;747(1-2):93-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5291
Enzyme 5 Name Group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. Group XIII secretory phospholipase A2-like protein
  2. GXIII sPLA2-like
  3. sPLA2-GXIIB
  4. GXIIB
Enzyme 5 Gene Name PLA2G12B
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Group XIIB secretory phospholipase A2-like protein
MKLASGFLVLWLSLGGGLAQSDTSPDTEESYSDWGLRHLRGSFESVNSYFDSFLELLGGK
NGVCQYRCRYGKAPMPRPGYKPQEPNGCGSYFLGLKVPESMDLGIPAMTKCCNQLDVCYD
TCGANKYRCDAKFRWCLHSICSDLKRSLGFVSKVEAACDSLVDTVFNTVWTLGCRPFMNS
QRAACICAEEEKEEL
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 195
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 21658.5
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 5.81
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
  • extracellular region
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not known; does not seem to have catalytic activity
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 15824793 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9BX93 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PG12B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >588 bp
ATGAAGCTGGCCAGTGGCTTCTTGGTTTTGTGGCTCAGCCTTGGGGGTGGCCTGGCTCAG
AGCGACACGAGCCCTGACACGGAGGAGTCCTATTCAGACTGGGGCCTTCGGCACCTCCGG
GGAAGCTTTGAATCCGTCAATAGCTACTTCGATTCTTTTCTGGAGCTGCTGGGAGGGAAG
AATGGAGTCTGTCAGTACAGGTGCCGATATGGAAAGGCACCAATGCCCAGACCTGGCTAC
AAGCCCCAAGAGCCCAATGGCTGCGGCTCCTATTTCCTGGGTCTCAAGGTACCAGAAAGT
ATGGACTTGGGCATTCCAGCAATGACAAAGTGCTGCAACCAGCTGGATGTCTGTTATGAC
ACTTGCGGTGCCAACAAATATCGCTGTGATGCAAAATTCCGATGGTGTCTCCACTCGATC
TGCTCTGACCTTAAGCGGAGTCTGGGCTTTGTCTCCAAAGTGGAAGCAGCCTGTGATTCC
CTGGTTGACACTGTGTTCAACACCGTGTGGACCTTGGGCTGCCGCCCCTTTATGAATAGT
CAGCGGGCAGCTTGCATCTGTGCAGAGGAGGAGAAGGAAGAGTTATGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AF339053 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID PLA2G12B Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID PLA2G12B Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:18555 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 5 Locus 10q22.1
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Rouault M, Bollinger JG, Lazdunski M, Gelb MH, Lambeau G: Novel mammalian group XII secreted phospholipase A2 lacking enzymatic activity. Biochemistry. 2003 Oct 7;42(39):11494-503. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zhang Z, Henzel WJ: Signal peptide prediction based on analysis of experimentally verified cleavage sites. Protein Sci. 2004 Oct;13(10):2819-24. Epub 2004 Aug 31. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 5292
Enzyme 6 Name Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. Group X secretory phospholipase A2
  2. GX sPLA2
  3. sPLA2-X
  4. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 10
Enzyme 6 Gene Name PLA2G10
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >Group 10 secretory phospholipase A2
MGPLPVCLPIMLLLLLPSLLLLLLLPGPGSGEASRILRVHRRGILELAGTVGCVGPRTPI
AYMKYGCFCGLGGHGQPRDAIDWCCHGHDCCYTRAEEAGCSPKTERYSWQCVNQSVLCGP
AENKCQELLCKCDQEIANCLAQTEYNLKYLFYPQFLCEPDSPKCD
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 165
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 18153.0
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 6.46
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 6 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 6 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a powerful potency for releasing arachidonic acid from cell membrane phospholipids. Prefers phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine liposomes to those of phosphatidylserine
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • 1-31
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15496 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2GX_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID 1LE7 Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB File Show
Enzyme 6 3D Structure
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >498 bp
ATGGGGCCGCTACCTGTGTGCCTGCCAATCATGCTGCTCCTGCTACTGCCGTCGCTGCTG
CTGCTGCTGCTTCTACCTGGCCCCGGGTCCGGCGAGGCCTCCAGGATATTACGTGTGCAC
CGGCGTGGGATCCTGGAACTGGCAGGAACTGTGGGTTGTGTTGGTCCCCGAACCCCCATC
GCCTATATGAAATATGGTTGCTTTTGTGGCTTGGGAGGCCATGGCCAGCCCCGCGATGCC
ATTGACTGGTGCTGCCATGGCCACGACTGTTGTTACACTCGAGCTGAGGAGGCCGGCTGC
AGCCCCAAGACAGAGCGCTACTCCTGGCAGTGCGTCAATCAGAGCGTCCTGTGCGGACCG
GCAGAGAACAAATGCCAAGAACTGTTGTGCAAGTGTGACCAGGAGATTGCTAACTGCTTA
GCCCAAACTGAGTACAACTTAAAGTACCTCTTCTACCCCCAGTTCCTATGTGAGCCGGAC
TCGCCCAAGTGTGACTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID U95301 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID PLA2G10 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID PLA2G10 Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:9029 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 6 Locus 16p13.1-p12
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Cupillard L, Koumanov K, Mattei MG, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G: Cloning, chromosomal mapping, and expression of a novel human secretory phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1997 Jun 20;272(25):15745-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Martin J, Han C, Gordon LA, Terry A, Prabhakar S, She X, Xie G, Hellsten U, Chan YM, Altherr M, Couronne O, Aerts A, Bajorek E, Black S, Blumer H, Branscomb E, Brown NC, Bruno WJ, Buckingham JM, Callen DF, Campbell CS, Campbell ML, Campbell EW, Caoile C, Challacombe JF, Chasteen LA, Chertkov O, Chi HC, Christensen M, Clark LM, Cohn JD, Denys M, Detter JC, Dickson M, Dimitrijevic-Bussod M, Escobar J, Fawcett JJ, Flowers D, Fotopulos D, Glavina T, Gomez M, Gonzales E, Goodstein D, Goodwin LA, Grady DL, Grigoriev I, Groza M, Hammon N, Hawkins T, Haydu L, Hildebrand CE, Huang W, Israni S, Jett J, Jewett PB, Kadner K, Kimball H, Kobayashi A, Krawczyk MC, Leyba T, Longmire JL, Lopez F, Lou Y, Lowry S, Ludeman T, Manohar CF, Mark GA, McMurray KL, Meincke LJ, Morgan J, Moyzis RK, Mundt MO, Munk AC, Nandkeshwar RD, Pitluck S, Pollard M, Predki P, Parson-Quintana B, Ramirez L, Rash S, Retterer J, Ricke DO, Robinson DL, Rodriguez A, Salamov A, Saunders EH, Scott D, Shough T, Stallings RL, Stalvey M, Sutherland RD, Tapia R, Tesmer JG, Thayer N, Thompson LS, Tice H, Torney DC, Tran-Gyamfi M, Tsai M, Ulanovsky LE, Ustaszewska A, Vo N, White PS, Williams AL, Wills PL, Wu JR, Wu K, Yang J, Dejong P, Bruce D, Doggett NA, Deaven L, Schmutz J, Grimwood J, Richardson P, Rokhsar DS, Eichler EE, Gilna P, Lucas SM, Myers RM, Rubin EM, Pennacchio LA: The sequence and analysis of duplication-rich human chromosome 16. Nature. 2004 Dec 23;432(7020):988-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 5294
Enzyme 7 Name Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. GIIE sPLA2
  2. sPLA2-IIE
  3. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2E
Enzyme 7 Gene Name PLA2G2E
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Group IIE secretory phospholipase A2
MKSPHVLVFLCLLVALVTGNLVQFGVMIEKMTGKSALQYNDYGCYCGIGGSHWPVDQTDW
CCHAHDCCYGRLEKLGCEPKLEKYLFSVSERGIFCAGRTTCQRLTCECDKRAALCFRRNL
GTYNRKYAHYPNKLCTGPTPPC
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 142
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 15988.5
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 8.28
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 7 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 7 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Has a preference for arachidonic-containing phospholipids
Enzyme 7 Pathways
Enzyme 7 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NZK7 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2GE_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence >429 bp
ATGAAATCTCCCCACGTGCTGGTGTTCCTTTGCCTCCTGGTGGCTCTGGTCACCGGGAAC
CTGGTTCAGTTTGGGGTGATGATCGAGAAGATGACAGGCAAGTCCGCCCTGCAGTACAAC
GACTATGGCTGTTACTGCGGCATCGGTGGCTCCCACTGGCCGGTGGACCAGACTGACTGG
TGCTGCCACGCCCACGACTGCTGCTACGGGCGTCTGGAGAAGCTGGGCTGTGAGCCCAAA
CTGGAAAAGTATCTTTTCTCTGTCAGCGAACGTGGCATTTTCTGCGCCGGCAGGACCACC
TGCCAGCGGCTGACCTGCGAGTGTGACAAGAGGGCTGCCCTCTGCTTTCGCCGCAACCTG
GGCACCTACAACCGCAAATATGCCCATTATCCCAACAAGCTGTGCACCGGGCCCACCCCG
CCCTGCTGA
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID AF189279 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID PLA2G2E Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID PLA2G2E Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:13414 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 7 Locus 1p36.13
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Suzuki N, Ishizaki J, Yokota Y, Higashino K, Ono T, Ikeda M, Fujii N, Kawamoto K, Hanasaki K: Structures, enzymatic properties, and expression of novel human and mouse secretory phospholipase A(2)s. J Biol Chem. 2000 Feb 25;275(8):5785-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 5297
Enzyme 8 Name 85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. CaI-PLA2
  2. iPLA2
  3. Group VI phospholipase A2
  4. GVI PLA2
Enzyme 8 Gene Name PLA2G6
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >85 kDa calcium-independent phospholipase A2
MQFFGRLVNTFSGVTNLFSNPFRVKEVAVADYTSSDRVREEGQLILFQNTPNRTWDCVLV
NPRNSQSGFRLFQLELEADALVNFHQYSSQLLPFYESSPQVLHTEVLQHLTDLIRNHPSW
SVAHLAVELGIRECFHHSRIISCANCAENEEGCTPLHLACRKGDGEILVELVQYCHTQMD
VTDYKGETVFHYAVQGDNSQVLQLLGRNAVAGLNQVNNQGLTPLHLACQLGKQEMVRVLL
LCNARCNIMGPNGYPIHSAMKFSQKGCAEMIISMDSSQIHSKDPRYGASPLHWAKNAEMA
RMLLKRGCNVNSTSSAGNTALHVAVMRNRFDCAIVLLTHGANADARGEHGNTPLHLAMSK
DNVEMIKALIVFGAEVDTPNDFGETPTFLASKIGRLVTRKAILTLLRTVGAEYCFPPIHG
VPAEQGSAAPHHPFSLERAQPPPISLNNLELQDLMHISRARKPAFILGSMRDEKRTHDHL
LCLDGGGVKGLIIIQLLIAIEKASGVATKDLFDWVAGTSTGGILALAILHSKSMAYMRGM
YFRMKDEVFRGSRPYESGPLEEFLKREFGEHTKMTDVRKPKVMLTGTLSDRQPAELHLFR
NYDAPETVREPRFNQNVNLRPPAQPSDQLVWRAARSSGAAPTYFRPNGRFLDGGLLANNP
TLDAMTEIHEYNQDLIRKGQANKVKKLSIVVSLGTGRSPQVPVTCVDVFRPSNPWELAKT
VFGAKELGKMVVDCCTDPDGRAVDRARAWCEMVGIQYFRLNPQLGTDIMLDEVSDTVLVN
ALWETEVYIYEHREEFQKLIQLLLSP
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 806
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 89902.3
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 7.28
Enzyme 8 GO Classification
Function
Process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 8 General Function Involved in metabolic process
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Isoform ankyrin-iPLA2-1 and isoform ankyrin-iPLA2-2, which lack the catalytic domain, are probably involved in the negative regulation of iPLA2 activity
Enzyme 8 Pathways
Enzyme 8 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein 3142700 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O60733 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2G6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence >2421 bp
ATGCAGTTCTTTGGCCGCCTGGTCAATACCTTCAGTGGCGTCACCAACTTGTTCTCTAAC
CCATTCCGGGTGAAGGAGGTGGCTGTGGCCGACTACACCTCGAGTGACCGAGTTCGGGAG
GAAGGGCAGCTGATTCTGTTCCAGAACACTCCCAACCGCACCTGGGACTGCGTCCTGGTC
AACCCCAGGAACTCACAGAGTGGATTCCGACTCTTCCAGCTGGAGTTGGAGGCTGACGCC
CTAGTGAATTTCCATCAGTATTCTTCCCAGCTGCTACCCTTCTATGAGAGCTCCCCTCAG
GTCCTGCACACTGAGGTCCTGCAGCACCTGACCGACCTCATCCGTAACCACCCCAGCTGG
TCAGTGGCCCACCTGGCTGTGGAGCTAGGGATCCGCGAGTGCTTCCATCACAGCCGTATC
ATCAGCTGTGCCAATTGCGCGGAGAACGAGGAGGGCTGCACACCCCTGCACCTGGCCTGC
CGCAAGGGTGATGGGGAGATCCTGGTGGAGCTGGTGCAGTACTGCCACACTCAGATGGAT
GTCACCGACTACAAGGGAGAGACCGTCTTCCATTATGCTGTCCAGGGTGACAATTCTCAG
GTGCTGCAGCTCCTTGGAAGGAACGCAGTGGCTGGCCTGAACCAGGTGAATAACCAAGGG
CTGACCCCGCTGCACCTGGCCTGCCAGCTGGGGAAGCAGGAGATGGTCCGCGTGCTGCTG
CTGTGCAATGCTCGGTGCAACATCATGGGCCCCAACGGCTACCCCATCCACTCGGCCATG
AAGTTCTCTCAGAAGGGGTGTGCGGAGATGATCATCAGCATGGACAGCAGCCAGATCCAC
AGCAAAGACCCCCGTTACGGAGCCAGCCCCCTCCACTGGGCCAAGAACGCAGAGATGGCC
CGCATGCTGCTGAAACGGGGCTGCAACGTGAACAGCACCAGCTCCGCGGGGAACACGGCC
CTGCACGTGGCGGTGATGCGCAACCGCTTCGACTGTGCCATAGTGCTGCTGACCCACGGG
GCCAACGCGGATGCCCGCGGAGAGCACGGCAACACCCCGCTGCACCTGGCCATGTCGAAA
GACAACGTGGAGATGATCAAGGCCCTCATCGTGTTCGGAGCAGAAGTGGACACCCCGAAT
GACTTTGGGGAGACTCCTACATTCCTAGCCTCCAAAATCGGCAGACTTGTCACCAGGAAG
GCGATCTTGACTCTGCTGAGAACCGTGGGGGCCGAATACTGCTTCCCACCCATCCACGGG
GTCCCCGCGGAGCAGGGCTCTGCAGCGCCACATCATCCCTTCTCCCTGGAAAGAGCTCAG
CCCCCACCGATCAGCCTAAACAACCTAGAACTACAGGATCTCATGCACATCTCACGGGCC
CGGAAGCCAGCGTTCATCCTGGGCTCCATGAGGGACGAGAAGCGGACCCACGACCACCTG
CTGTGCCTGGATGGAGGAGGAGTGAAAGGCCTCATCATCATCCAGCTCCTCATCGCCATC
GAGAAGGCCTCGGGTGTGGCCACCAAGGACCTGTTTGACTGGGTGGCGGGCACCAGCACT
GGAGGCATCCTGGCCCTGGCCATTCTGCACAGTAAGTCCATGGCCTACATGCGCGGCATG
TACTTTCGCATGAAGGATGAGGTGTTCCGGGGCTCCAGGCCCTACGAGTCGGGGCCCCTG
GAGGAGTTCCTGAAGCGGGAGTTTGGGGAGCACACCAAGATGACGGACGTCAGGAAACCC
AAGGTGATGCTGACAGGGACACTGTCTGACCGGCAGCCGGCTGAACTCCACCTCTTCCGG
AACTACGATGCTCCAGAAACTGTCCGGGAGCCTCGTTTCAACCAGAACGTTAACCTCAGG
CCTCCAGCTCAGCCCTCAGACCAGCTGGTGTGGCGGGCGGCCCGAAGCAGCGGGGCAGCT
CCTACTTACTTCCGACCCAATGGGCGCTTCCTGGACGGTGGGCTGCTGGCCAACAACCCC
ACGCTGGATGCCATGACCGAGATCCATGAGTACAATCAGGACCTGATCCGCAAGGGTCAG
GCCAACAAGGTGAAGAAACTCTCCATCGTTGTCTCCCTGGGGACAGGGAGGTCCCCACAA
GTGCCTGTGACCTGTGTGGATGTCTTCCGTCCCAGCAACCCCTGGGAGCTGGCCAAGACT
GTTTTTGGGGCCAAGGAACTGGGCAAGATGGTGGTGGACTGTTGCACGGATCCAGACGGG
CGGGCTGTGGACCGGGCACGGGCCTGGTGCGAGATGGTCGGCATCCAGTACTTCAGATTG
AACCCCCAGCTGGGGACGGACATCATGCTGGATGAGGTCAGTGACACAGTGCTGGTCAAC
GCCCTCTGGGAGACCGAGGTCTACATCTATGAGCACCGCGAGGAGTTCCAGAAGCTCATC
CACCTGCTGCTCTCACCCTGA
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AF064594 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID PLA2G6 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID PLA2G6 Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:9039 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 8 Locus 22q13.1
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References
  1. Larsson PK, Claesson HE, Kennedy BP: Multiple splice variants of the human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 and their effect on enzyme activity. J Biol Chem. 1998 Jan 2;273(1):207-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ma Z, Wang X, Nowatzke W, Ramanadham S, Turk J: Human pancreatic islets express mRNA species encoding two distinct catalytically active isoforms of group VI phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) that arise from an exon-skipping mechanism of alternative splicing of the transcript from the iPLA2 gene on chromosome 22q13.1. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9607-16. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Larsson Forsell PK, Kennedy BP, Claesson HE: The human calcium-independent phospholipase A2 gene multiple enzymes with distinct properties from a single gene. Eur J Biochem. 1999 Jun;262(2):575-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Collins JE, Wright CL, Edwards CA, Davis MP, Grinham JA, Cole CG, Goward ME, Aguado B, Mallya M, Mokrab Y, Huckle EJ, Beare DM, Dunham I: A genome annotation-driven approach to cloning the human ORFeome. Genome Biol. 2004;5(10):R84. Epub 2004 Sep 30. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Malhotra A, Edelman-Novemsky I, Xu Y, Plesken H, Ma J, Schlame M, Ren M: Role of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 in the pathogenesis of Barth syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 17;106(7):2337-41. Epub 2009 Jan 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Khateeb S, Flusser H, Ofir R, Shelef I, Narkis G, Vardi G, Shorer Z, Levy R, Galil A, Elbedour K, Birk OS: PLA2G6 mutation underlies infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy. Am J Hum Genet. 2006 Nov;79(5):942-8. Epub 2006 Sep 19. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Morgan NV, Westaway SK, Morton JE, Gregory A, Gissen P, Sonek S, Cangul H, Coryell J, Canham N, Nardocci N, Zorzi G, Pasha S, Rodriguez D, Desguerre I, Mubaidin A, Bertini E, Trembath RC, Simonati A, Schanen C, Johnson CA, Levinson B, Woods CG, Wilmot B, Kramer P, Gitschier J, Maher ER, Hayflick SJ: PLA2G6, encoding a phospholipase A2, is mutated in neurodegenerative disorders with high brain iron. Nat Genet. 2006 Jul;38(7):752-4. Epub 2006 Jun 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Paisan-Ruiz C, Bhatia KP, Li A, Hernandez D, Davis M, Wood NW, Hardy J, Houlden H, Singleton A, Schneider SA: Characterization of PLA2G6 as a locus for dystonia-parkinsonism. Ann Neurol. 2009 Jan;65(1):19-23. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 5302
Enzyme 9 Name Group IID secretory phospholipase A2
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. GIID sPLA2
  2. sPLA2-IID
  3. PLA2IID
  4. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 2D
  5. Secretory-type PLA, stroma-associated homolog
Enzyme 9 Gene Name PLA2G2D
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Group IID secretory phospholipase A2
MELALLCGLVVMAGVIPIQGGILNLNKMVKQVTGKMPILSYWPYGCHCGLGGRGQPKDAT
DWCCQTHDCCYDHLKTQGCSIYKDYYRYNFSQGNIHCSDKGSWCEQQLCACDKEVAFCLK
RNLDTYQKRLRFYWRPHCRGQTPGC
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 145
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 16546.1
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 8.28
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 9 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 9 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. L-alpha-1-palmitoyl-2- linoleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine is more efficiently hydrolyzed than the other phospholipids examined
Enzyme 9 Pathways
Enzyme 9 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • 1-20
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 5771420 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9UNK4 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2GD_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >438 bp
ATGGAACTTGCACTGCTGTGTGGGCTGGTGGTGATGGCTGGTGTGATTCCAATCCAGGGC
GGGATCCTGAACCTGAACAAGATGGTCAAGCAAGTGACTGGGAAAATGCCCATCCTCTCC
TACTGGCCCTACGGCTGTCACTGCGGACTAGGTGGCAGAGGCCAACCCAAAGATGCCACG
GACTGGTGCTGCCAGACCCATGACTGCTGCTATGACCACCTGAAGACCCAGGGGTGCGGC
ATCTACAAGGACTATTACAGATACAACTTTTCCCAGGGGAACATCCACTGCTCTGACAAG
GGAAGCTGGTGTGAGCAGCAGCTGTGTGCCTGTGACAAGGAGGTGGCCTTCTGCCTGAAG
CGCAACCTGGACACCTACCAGAAGCGACTGCGTTTCTACTGGCGGCCCCACTGCCGGGGG
CAGACCCCTGGGTGCTAG
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID AF112982 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID PLA2G2D Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID PLA2G2D Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:9033 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 9 Locus 1p36.12
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Ishizaki J, Suzuki N, Higashino K, Yokota Y, Ono T, Kawamoto K, Fujii N, Arita H, Hanasaki K: Cloning and characterization of novel mouse and human secretory phospholipase A(2)s. J Biol Chem. 1999 Aug 27;274(35):24973-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Shakhov AN, Rubtsov AV, Lyakhov IG, Tumanov AV, Nedospasov SA: SPLASH (PLA2IID), a novel member of phospholipase A2 family, is associated with lymphotoxin deficiency. Genes Immun. 2000 Feb;1(3):191-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 5783
Enzyme 10 Name Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2
Enzyme 10 Synonyms
  1. Group III secretory phospholipase A2
  2. GIII sPLA2
  3. sPLA2-III
  4. Phosphatidylcholine 2-acylhydrolase 3
Enzyme 10 Gene Name PLA2G3
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >Group 3 secretory phospholipase A2
MGVQAGLFGMLGFLGVALGGSPALRWYRTSCHLTKAVPGNPLGYLSFLAKDAQGLALIHA
RWDAHRRLQACSWEDEPELTAAYGALCAHETAWGSFIHTPGPELQRALATLQSQWEACRA
LEESPAGARKKRAAGQSGVPGGGHQREKRGWTMPGTLWCGVGDSAGNSSELGVFQGPDLC
CREHDRCPQNISPLQYNYGIRNYRFHTISHCDCDTRFQQCLQNQHDSISDIVGVAFFNVL
EIPCFVLEEQEACVAWYWWGGCRMYGTVPLARLQPRTFYNASWSSRATSPTPSSRSPAPP
KPRQKQHLRKGPPHQKGSKRPSKANTTALQDPMVSPRLDVAPTGLQGPQGGLKPQGARWV
CRSFRRHLDQCEHQIGPREIEFQLLNSAQEPLFHCNCTRRLARFLRLHSPPEVTNMLWEL
LGTTCFKLAPPLDCVEGKNCSRDPRAIRVSARHLRRLQQRRHQLQDKGTDERQPWPSEPL
RGPMSFYNQCLQLTQAARRPDRQQKSWSQ
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 509
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 57150.5
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 9.23
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 10 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 10 Specific Function PA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2- acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Shows an 11-fold preference for phosphatidylglycerol over phosphatidylcholine (PC). Preferential cleavage:1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl- phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) > 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC > 1- palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PC > 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-PE
Enzyme 10 Pathways
Enzyme 10 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein 142976884 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q9NZ20 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA2G3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1530 bp
ATGGGGGTTCAGGCAGGGCTGTTTGGGATGCTGGGCTTCCTGGGGGTGGCCCTGGGGGGC
TCCCCTGCCCTCCGCTGGTACAGGACCTCCTGCCACTTGACCAAGGCCGTCCCTGGCAAC
CCACTGGGGTACCTGAGCTTCCTGGCCAAGGATGCTCAGGGACTGGCCCTGATCCATGCC
CGCTGGGATGCGCATAGGAGGCTGCAGTCATGTAGCTGGGAGGATGAGCCGGAGCTCACC
GCAGCCTACGGTGCTCTCTGTGCTCATGAGACTGCCTGGGGCTCCTTCATCCACACCCCC
GGACCCGAGCTGCAGAGAGCACTGGCCACTCTTCAGAGTCAGTGGGAGGCATGCCGAGCG
CTTGAGGAGAGTCCAGCAGGGGCCAGGAAGAAGCGAGCAGCAGGGCAGAGTGGAGTCCCT
GGTGGAGGGCACCAGCGAGAGAAGAGAGGATGGACCATGCCTGGCACACTGTGGTGTGGA
GTTGGAGATTCTGCTGGGAACTCCTCGGAGCTGGGGGTCTTCCAGGGACCTGATCTCTGT
TGCCGGGAACATGACCGCTGCCCACAGAACATCTCACCCTTGCAGTACAACTATGGCATC
CGAAACTACCGATTCCACACCATCTCCCACTGTGACTGTGACACCAGGTTTCAGCAATGC
CTACAGAATCAGCACGACTCCATCTCGGACATCGTGGGCGTGGCCTTCTTCAACGTGCTG
GAGATCCCCTGCTTTGTGCTGGAGGAGCAGGAGGCGTGTGTGGCGTGGTACTGGTGGGGC
GGGTGTAGGATGTACGGCACAGTGCCCCTCGCTCGCCTGCAGCCCAGGACCTTCTACAAT
GCCTCCTGGAGCTCCCGGGCCACCTCCCCAACTCCCAGCTCCCGGAGCCCAGCCCCTCCC
AAGCCTCGACAGAAGCAGCACCTTCGGAAGGGGCCACCACATCAGAAAGGGTCCAAGCGC
CCCAGCAAAGCCAACACCACAGCCCTCCAGGACCCTATGGTCTCTCCCAGGCTTGATGTG
GCCCCCACAGGCCTCCAGGGCCCACAGGGTGGCCTAAAACCTCAGGGTGCCCGCTGGGTC
TGCCGCAGCTTCCGCCGCCACCTGGACCAGTGTGAGCACCAGATTGGGCCCCGGGAAATC
GAGTTCCAGCTGCTCAACAGCGCCCAAGAGCCCCTCTTCCACTGCAACTGCACGCGCCGT
CTGGCACGCTTCCTGAGGCTCCACAGCCCACCCGAGGTTACCAACATGCTTTGGGAGCTG
CTGGGCACAACCTGCTTCAAGCTGGCCCCTCCACTGGACTGTGTGGAAGGCAAAAACTGT
TCCAGAGACCCTAGGGCCATCAGGGTGTCAGCCCGGCACTTGCGGAGGCTTCAGCAGAGG
CGACACCAGCTCCAGGATAAAGGCACAGATGAGAGGCAGCCATGGCCTTCAGAGCCCCTG
AGAGGCCCCATGTCATTCTACAACCAGTGCCTGCAGCTAACCCAGGCAGCCAGGAGACCC
GACAGGCAGCAGAAGTCCTGGAGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID NM_015715.3 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID PLA2G3 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID PLA2G3 Link Image
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID HGNC:17934 Link Image
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 10 Locus 22q12.2
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Valentin E, Ghomashchi F, Gelb MH, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G: Novel human secreted phospholipase A(2) with homology to the group III bee venom enzyme. J Biol Chem. 2000 Mar 17;275(11):7492-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Dunham I, Shimizu N, Roe BA, Chissoe S, Hunt AR, Collins JE, Bruskiewich R, Beare DM, Clamp M, Smink LJ, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Babbage A, Bagguley C, Bailey J, Barlow K, Bates KN, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bridgeman AM, Buck D, Burgess J, Burrill WD, O'Brien KP, et al.: The DNA sequence of human chromosome 22. Nature. 1999 Dec 2;402(6761):489-95. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Murakami M, Masuda S, Shimbara S, Bezzine S, Lazdunski M, Lambeau G, Gelb MH, Matsukura S, Kokubu F, Adachi M, Kudo I: Cellular arachidonate-releasing function of novel classes of secretory phospholipase A2s (groups III and XII). J Biol Chem. 2003 Mar 21;278(12):10657-67. Epub 2003 Jan 8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Murakami M, Masuda S, Shimbara S, Ishikawa Y, Ishii T, Kudo I: Cellular distribution, post-translational modification, and tumorigenic potential of human group III secreted phospholipase A(2). J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):24987-98. Epub 2005 Apr 29. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 5821
Enzyme 11 Name Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
Enzyme 11 Synonyms
  1. BACAT
  2. BAT
  3. Glycine N-choloyltransferase
  4. Long-chain fatty-acyl-CoA hydrolase
Enzyme 11 Gene Name BAAT
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase
MIQLTATPVSALVDEPVHIRATGLIPFQMVSFQASLEDENGDMFYSQAHYRANEFGEVDL
NHASSLGGDYMGVHPMGLFWSLKPEKLLTRLLKRDVMNRPFQVQVKLYDLELIVNNKVAS
APKASLTLERWYVAPGVTRIKVREGRLRGALFLPPGEGLFPGVIDLFGGLGGLLEFRASL
LASRGFASLALAYHNYEDLPRKPEVTDLEYFEEAANFLLRHPKVFGSGVGVVSVCQGVQI
GLSMAIYLKQVTATVLINGTNFPFGIPQVYHGQIHQPLPHSAQLISTNALGLLELYRTFE
TTQVGASQYLFPIEEAQGQFLFIVGEGDKTINSKAHAEQAIGQLKRHGKNNWTLLSYPGA
GHLIEPPYSPLCCASTTHDLRLHWGGEVIPHAAAQEHAWKEIQRFLRKHLIPDVTSQL
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 418
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 46298.9
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 7.00
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • acyl-CoA metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • coenzyme metabolic process
  • cofactor metabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 11 General Function Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Enzyme 11 Specific Function Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs
Enzyme 11 Pathways
Enzyme 11 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate [RN:R01274]
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q14032 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BAAT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >1257 bp
ATGATCCAGTTGACAGCTACCCCTGTGAGTGCACTTGTTGATGAGCCAGTGCATATCCGA
GCTACAGGCCTGATTCCCTTTCAGATGGTGAGTTTTCAGGCATCACTGGAAGATGAAAAC
GGAGACATGTTTTATTCTCAAGCCCACTATAGGGCCAATGAATTCGGTGAGGTGGACCTG
AATCATGCTTCTTCACTTGGAGGGGATTATATGGGAGTCCACCCCATGGGTCTCTTCTGG
TCTCTGAAACCTGAAAAGCTATTAACAAGACTGTTGAAAAGAGATGTGATGAATAGGCCT
TTCCAGGTCCAAGTAAAACTTTATGACTTAGAGTTAATAGTGAACAATAAAGTTGCCAGT
GCTCCAAAGGCCAGCCTGACTTTGGAGAGGTGGTATGTGGCACCTGGTGTCACACGAATT
AAGGTTCGAGAAGGCCGCCTTCGAGGAGCTCTCTTTCTCCCTCCAGGAGAGGGTCTCTTC
CCAGGGGTAATTGATTTGTTTGGTGGTTTGGGTGGGCTGCTTGAATTTCGGGCCAGCCTC
CTAGCCAGTCGTGGCTTCGCCTCCTTGGCCTTGGCTTACCATAACTATGAAGACCTGCCC
CGCAAACCAGAAGTAACAGATTTGGAATATTTTGAGGAGGCTGCCAACTTTCTCCTGAGA
CATCCAAAGGTCTTTGGCTCAGGCGTTGGGGTAGTCTCTGTATGTCAAGGAGTACAGATT
GGACTATCTATGGCTATTTACCTAAAGCAAGTCACAGCCACGGTACTTATTAATGGGACC
AACTTTCCTTTTGGCATTCCACAGGTATATCATGGTCAGATCCATCAGCCCCTTCCCCAT
TCTGCACAATTAATATCCACCAATGCCTTGGGGTTACTAGAGCTCTATCGCACTTTTGAG
ACAACTCAAGTTGGGGCCAGTCAATATTTGTTTCCTATTGAAGAGGCCCAGGGGCAATTC
CTCTTCATTGTAGGAGAAGGTGATAAGACTATCAACAGCAAAGCACACGCTGAACAAGCC
ATAGGACAGCTGAAGAGACATGGGAAGAACAACTGGACCCTGCTATCTTACCCTGGGGCA
GGCCACCTGATAGAACCTCCCTATTCTCCTCTGTGCTGTGCCTCAACGACCCACGATTTG
AGGTTACACTGGGGAGGAGAGGTGATCCCACACGCAGCTGCACAGGAACATGCTTGGAAG
GAGATCCAGAGATTTCTCAGGAAGCACCTCATTCCAGATGTGACCAGTCAACTCTAA
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID L34081 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID BAAT Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID BAAT Link Image
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID HGNC:932 Link Image
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 11 Locus 9q22.3
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References
  1. Falany CN, Johnson MR, Barnes S, Diasio RB: Glycine and taurine conjugation of bile acids by a single enzyme. Molecular cloning and expression of human liver bile acid CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 29;269(30):19375-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Johnson MR, Barnes S, Kwakye JB, Diasio RB: Purification and characterization of bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase from human liver. J Biol Chem. 1991 Jun 5;266(16):10227-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Sfakianos MK, Wilson L, Sakalian M, Falany CN, Barnes S: Conserved residues in the putative catalytic triad of human bile acid Coenzyme A:amino acid N-acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 2002 Dec 6;277(49):47270-5. Epub 2002 Sep 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. O'Byrne J, Hunt MC, Rai DK, Saeki M, Alexson SE: The human bile acid-CoA:amino acid N-acyltransferase functions in the conjugation of fatty acids to glycine. J Biol Chem. 2003 Sep 5;278(36):34237-44. Epub 2003 Jun 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Carlton VE, Harris BZ, Puffenberger EG, Batta AK, Knisely AS, Robinson DL, Strauss KA, Shneider BL, Lim WA, Salen G, Morton DH, Bull LN: Complex inheritance of familial hypercholanemia with associated mutations in TJP2 and BAAT. Nat Genet. 2003 May;34(1):91-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 6335
Enzyme 12 Name Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
Enzyme 12 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 7
  2. Brain acyl-CoA hydrolase
  3. CTE-IIa
  4. CTE-II
  5. Long chain acyl-CoA thioester hydrolase
Enzyme 12 Gene Name ACOT7
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Cytosolic acyl coenzyme A thioester hydrolase
MKLLARALRLCEFGRQASSRRLVAGQGCVGPRRGCCAPVQVVGPRADLPPCGACITGRIM
RPDDANVAGNVHGGTILKMIEEAGAIISTRHCNSQNGERCVAALARVERTDFLSPMCIGE
VAHVSAEITYTSKHSVEVQVNVMSENILTGAKKLTNKATLWYVPLSLKNVDKVLEVPPVV
YSRQEQEEEGRKRYEAQKLERMETKWRNGDIVQPVLNPEPNTVSYSQSSLIHLVGPSDCT
LHGFVHGGVTMKLMDEVAGIVAARHCKTNIVTASVDAINFHDKIRKGCVITISGRMTFTS
NKSMEIEVLVDADPVVDSSQKRYRAASAFFTYVSLSQEGRSLPVPQLVPETEDEKKRFEE
GKGRYLQMKAKRQGHAEPQP
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 380
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 41795.8
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 8.66
Enzyme 12 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 12 General Function Lipid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May play an important physiological function in brain. May play a regulatory role by modulating the cellular levels of fatty acyl- CoA ligands for certain transcription factors as well as the substrates for fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, contributing to lipid homeostasis. Has broad specificity, active towards fatty acyl-CoAs with chain-lengths of C8-C18. Has a maximal activity toward palmitoyl-CoA
Enzyme 12 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 12 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate [RN:R01274]
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein 32528282 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O00154 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name BACH_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence >1143 bp
ATGAAGCTGCTTGCCAGGGCTCTCCGGCTCTGTGAGTTTGGGAGGCAGGCATCTTCCAGG
AGGCTGGTGGCTGGCCAGGGATGTGTGGGGCCCCGGCGAGGGTGCTGCGCTCCCGTCCAG
GTGGTTGGGCCCAGGGCTGATCTCCCACCCTGTGGAGCCTGCATTACTGGAAGGATCATG
CGGCCAGATGATGCCAACGTGGCCGGCAATGTCCACGGGGGGACCATCCTGAAGATGATC
GAGGAGGCAGGCGCCATCATCAGCACCCGGCATTGCAACAGCCAGAACGGGGAGCGCTGT
GTGGCCGCCCTGGCTCGTGTCGAGCGCACCGACTTCCTGTCTCCCATGTGCATCGGTGAG
GTGGCGCATGTCAGCGCGGAGATCACCTACACCTCCAAGCACTCTGTGGAGGTGCAGGTC
AACGTGATGTCCGAAAACATCCTCACAGGTGCCAAAAAGCTGACCAATAAGGCCACCCTG
TGGTATGTGCCCCTGTCGCTGAAGAATGTGGACAAGGTCCTCGAGGTGCCTCCTGTTGTG
TATTCCCGGCAGGAGCAGGAGGAGGAGGGCCGGAAGCGGTATGAAGCCCAGAAGCTGGAG
CGCATGGAGACCAAGTGGAGGAACGGGGACATCGTCCAGCCAGTCCTCAACCCAGAGCCG
AACACTGTCAGCTACAGCCAGTCCAGCTTGATCCACCTGGTGGGGCCTTCAGACTGCACC
CTGCACGGCTTTGTGCACGGAGGTGTGACCATGAAGCTCATGGATGAGGTCGCCGGGATC
GTGGCTGCACGCCACTGCAAGACCAACATCGTCACAGCTTCCGTGGACGCCATTAATTTT
CATGACAAGATCAGAAAAGGCTGCGTCATCACCATCTCGGGACGCATGACCTTCACGAGC
AATAAGTCCATGGAGATCGAGGTGTTGGTGGACGCCGACCCTGTTGTGGACAGCTCTCAG
AAGCGCTACCGGGCCGCCAGTGCCTTCTTCACCTACGTGTCGCTGAGCCAGGAAGGCAGG
TCGCTGCCTGTGCCCCAGCTGGTGCCCGAGACCGAGGACGAGAAGAAGCGCTTTGAGGAA
GGCAAAGGGCGGTACCTGCAGATGAAGGCGAAGCGACAGGGCCACGCGGAGCCTCAGCCC
TAG
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID NM_181864.2 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID ACOT7 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID ACOT7 Link Image
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID HGNC:24157 Link Image
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 12 Locus 1p36
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References
  1. Yamada J, Kurata A, Hirata M, Taniguchi T, Takama H, Furihata T, Shiratori K, Iida N, Takagi-Sakuma M, Watanabe T, Kurosaki K, Endo T, Suga T: Purification, molecular cloning, and genomic organization of human brain long-chain acyl-CoA hydrolase. J Biochem (Tokyo). 1999 Dec;126(6):1013-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yamada J, Kuramochi Y, Takagi M, Watanabe T, Suga T: Human brain acyl-CoA hydrolase isoforms encoded by a single gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Nov 22;299(1):49-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 13 [top]
Enzyme 13 ID 6336
Enzyme 13 Name Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial
Enzyme 13 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 2
  2. Acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 2a
  3. CTE-Ia
  4. Long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase 2
  5. ZAP128
Enzyme 13 Gene Name ACOT2
Enzyme 13 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 2, mitochondrial
MSNKLLSPHPHSVVLRSEFKMASSPAVLRASRLYQWSLKSSAQFLGSPQLRQVGQIIRVP
ARMAATLILEPAGRCCWDEPVRIAVRGLAPEQPVTLRASLRDEKGALFQAHARYRADTLG
ELDLERAPALGGSFAGLEPMGLLWALEPEKPLVRLVKRDVRTPLAVELEVLDGHDPDPGR
LLCQTRHERYFLPPGVRREPVRVGRVRGTLFLPPEPGPFPGIVDMFGTGGGLLEYRASLL
AGKGFAVMALAYYNYEDLPKTMETLHLEYFEEAMNYLLSHPEVKGPGVGLLGISKGGELC
LSMASFLKGITAAVVINGSVANVGGTLHYKGETLPPVGVNRNRIKVTKDGYADIVDVLNS
PLEGPDQKSFIPVERAESTFLFLVGQDDHNWKSEFYANEACKRLQAHGRRKPQIICYPET
GHYIEPPYFPLCRASLHALVGSPIIWGGEPRAHAMAQVDAWKQLQTFFHKHLGGHEGTIP
SKV
Enzyme 13 Number of Residues 483
Enzyme 13 Molecular Weight 53218.0
Enzyme 13 Theoretical pI 8.62
Enzyme 13 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • acyl-CoA metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • coenzyme metabolic process
  • cofactor metabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 13 General Function Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity
Enzyme 13 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Displays high levels of activity on medium- and long chain acyl CoAs
Enzyme 13 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 13 Reactions
  • palmitoyl-CoA + H2O = CoA + palmitate [RN:R01274]
Enzyme 13 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 13 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 13 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 13 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank ID Protein 7023514 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P49753 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOT2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Gene Sequence >1452 bp
ATGTCTAACAAGCTTCTTTCTCCCCACCCCCATTCAGTTGTTCTCAGGTCTGAATTCAAA
ATGGCCTCATCTCCTGCTGTCCTTCGAGCGTCCCGGCTGTACCAATGGAGCCTGAAGAGT
TCGGCGCAGTTCCTGGGGTCTCCACAGCTGAGGCAGGTTGGTCAGATCATTAGGGTTCCT
GCTCGGATGGCGGCGACGCTGATCCTGGAGCCTGCGGGCCGCTGCTGCTGGGACGAACCG
GTGCGAATCGCCGTGCGCGGCCTAGCCCCGGAGCAGCCGGTCACGCTGCGCGCGTCCCTG
CGCGACGAGAAGGGCGCGCTTTTCCAGGCCCACGCGCGCTACCGCGCCGACACTCTTGGC
GAGCTGGACCTGGAGCGCGCGCCCGCGCTGGGCGGCAGCTTCGCGGGGCTTGAGCCCATG
GGGCTGCTCTGGGCCTTGGAGCCCGAGAAACCTTTGGTGCGGCTGGTGAAGCGCGACGTG
CGAACGCCCTTGGCCGTGGTGCTGGAGGTGCTGGATGGCCACGACCCCGACCCCGGGCGG
CTGCTGTGCCAGACGCGGCACGAGCGCTACTTCCTCCCGCCCGGGGTGCGGCGCGAGCCG
GTGCGCGTGGGCCGGGTGCGAGGCACGCTCTTCCTGCCGCCAGAACCTGGGCCCTTTCCT
GGGATTGTGGACATGTTCGGAACTGGAGGTGGCCTGCTGGAGTATCGGGCTAGTCTGCTG
GCTGGGAAGGGTTTTGCTGTGATGGCTCTGGCTTATTATAACTATGAAGACCTCCCCAAG
ACCATGGAGACGCTCCATCTGGAGTACTTTGAAGAAGCCATGAACTACTTGCTCAGTCAT
CCCGAGGTAAAAGGTCCAGGAGTTGGGCTGCTTGGAATTTCCAAAGGGGGTGAGCTCTGC
CTTTCCATGGCCTCTTTCCTGAAGGGCATCACGGCTGCTGTCGTCATCAACGGCTCTGTG
GCCAATGTTGGGGGAACCTTACGCTACAAGGGCGAGACCCTGCCCCCTGTGGGCGTCAAC
AGAAATCGCATCAAGGTGACCAAAGATGGCTATGCAGACATTGTGGATGTCCTGAACAGC
CCTTTGGAAGGACCTGACCAGAAGAGCTTCATTCCTGTGGAAAGGGCAGAGAGCACCTTC
CTGTTCCTGGTAGGTCAGGATGACCACAACTGGAAGAGTGAGTTCTATGCTAATGAGGCC
TGTAAACGCTTGCAGGCCCATGGGAGGAGAAAGCCCCAGATCATCTGTTACCCAGAGACA
GGGCACTATATTGAGCCTCCTTACTTCCCCCTGTGTCGGGCTTCCCTGCATGCCTTGGTG
GGCAGTCCTATTATCTGGGGAGGGGAGCCCAGGGCTCATGCCATGGCTCAGGTGGATGCT
TGGAAACAACTCCAGACTTTCTTCCACAAACACTTGGGTGGCCGCGAGGGGACAATCCCA
TCAAAAGTGTAA
Enzyme 13 GenBank Gene ID AK001939 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GeneCard ID ACOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GenAtlas ID ACOT2 Link Image
Enzyme 13 HGNC ID HGNC:18431 Link Image
Enzyme 13 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 13 Locus 14q24.3
Enzyme 13 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 13 General References
  1. Sherrington R, Rogaev EI, Liang Y, Rogaeva EA, Levesque G, Ikeda M, Chi H, Lin C, Li G, Holman K, et al.: Cloning of a gene bearing missense mutations in early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 1995 Jun 29;375(6534):754-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hunt MC, Rautanen A, Westin MA, Svensson LT, Alexson SE: Analysis of the mouse and human acyl-CoA thioesterase (ACOT) gene clusters shows that convergent, functional evolution results in a reduced number of human peroxisomal ACOTs. FASEB J. 2006 Sep;20(11):1855-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Jones JM, Gould SJ: Identification of PTE2, a human peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Aug 18;275(1):233-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 13 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 14 [top]
Enzyme 14 ID 6338
Enzyme 14 Name Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
Enzyme 14 Synonyms
  1. Acyl-CoA thioesterase 8
  2. Choloyl-coenzyme A thioesterase
  3. HIV-Nef-associated acyl-CoA thioesterase
  4. PTE-2
  5. Peroxisomal acyl-coenzyme A thioester hydrolase 1
  6. PTE-1
  7. Peroxisomal long-chain acyl-CoA thioesterase 1
  8. Thioesterase II
  9. hACTE-III
  10. hACTEIII
  11. hTE
Enzyme 14 Gene Name ACOT8
Enzyme 14 Protein Sequence >Acyl-coenzyme A thioesterase 8
MSSPQAPEDGQGCGDRGDPPGDLRSVLVTTVLNLEPLDEDLFRGRHYWVPAKRLFGGQIV
GQALVAAAKSVSEDVHVHSLHCYFVRAGDPKLPVLYQVERTRTGSSFSVRSVKAVQHGKP
IFICQASFQQAQPSPMQHQFSMPTVPPPEELLDCETLIDQYLRDPNLQKRYPLALNRIAA
QEVPIEIKPVNPSPLSQLQRMEPKQMFWVRARGYIGEGDMKMHCCVAAYISDYAFLGTAL
LPHQWQHKVHFMVSLDHSMWFHAPFRADHWMLYECESPWAGGSRGLVHGRLWRQDGVLAV
TCAQEGVIRVKPQVSESKL
Enzyme 14 Number of Residues 319
Enzyme 14 Molecular Weight 35914.0
Enzyme 14 Theoretical pI 7.60
Enzyme 14 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • acyl-CoA metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • coenzyme metabolic process
  • cofactor metabolic process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 14 General Function Involved in acyl-CoA thioesterase activity
Enzyme 14 Specific Function Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4. Major thioesterase in peroxisomes. Competes with BAAT (Bile acid CoA:amino acid N- acyltransferase) for bile acid-CoA substrate (such as chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA). Shows a preference for medium-length fatty acyl-CoAs. May be involved in the metabolic regulation of peroxisome proliferation
Enzyme 14 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 14 Reactions
  • choloyl-CoA + H2O = cholate + CoA [RN:R07296]
Enzyme 14 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 14 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 14 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 14 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 14 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O14734 Link Image
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ACOT8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 14 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 14 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 14 Gene Sequence >960 bp
ATGTCGTCCCCGCAGGCCCCAGAAGATGGGCAGGGCTGTGGCGACCGCGGCGATCCCCCT
GGGGACCTCCGTAGCGTCTTGGTCACGACCGTGCTCAACCTCGAGCCGCTGGACGAGGAT
CTCTTCAGAGGAAGGCATTACTGGGTACCGGCCAAGAGGCTGTTTGGTGGTCAGATCGTG
GGCCAGGCCCTGGTGGCTGCAGCCAAGTCTGTGAGTGAAGACGTCCACGTGCACTCCCTG
CACTGCTACTTTGTTCGGGCAGGGGACCCGAAGCTGCCAGTACTGTACCAAGTGGAGCGG
ACACGAACAGGGTCGAGCTTCTCGGTGCGCTCTGTGAAGGCCGTGCAACATGGGAAGCCC
ATCTTCATCTGCCAGGCCTCCTTCCAGCAGGCCCAGCCCAGCCCCATGCAGCACCAGTTC
TCCATGCCCACTGTGCCACCACCAGAAGAGCTGCTTGACTGTGAGACCCTCATTGACCAG
TATTTAAGGGACCCTAACCTCCAAAAGAGGTACCCATTGGCGCTCAACCGAATTGCTGCT
CAGGAGGTCCCCATTGAGATCAAGCCAGTAAACCCATCCCCCCTGAGCCAGCTGCAGAGA
ATGGAGCCCAAACAGATGTTCTGGGTGCGAGCCCGGGGCTATATTGGCGAGGGCGACATG
AAGATGCACTGCTGCGTGGCCGCCTATATCTCCGACTATGCCTTCTTGGGCACTGCACTG
CTGCCTCACCAGTGGCAGCACAAGGTGCACTTCATGGTCTCACTGGACCATTCCATGTGG
TTCCACGCCCCCTTCCGAGCTGACCACTGGATGCTCTATGAATGCGAGAGCCCCTGGGCC
GGTGGCTCTCGGGGGCTGGTCCATGGGCGGCTGTGGCGTCAGGATGGAGTCCTAGCTGTG
ACCTGTGCCCAGGAGGGCGTGATCCGAGTGAAGCCCCAGGTCTCAGAGAGCAAGCTGTAG
Enzyme 14 GenBank Gene ID AF014404 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GeneCard ID ACOT8 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GenAtlas ID ACOT8 Link Image
Enzyme 14 HGNC ID HGNC:15919 Link Image
Enzyme 14 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 14 Locus 20q13.12
Enzyme 14 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 14 General References
  1. Watanabe H, Shiratori T, Shoji H, Miyatake S, Okazaki Y, Ikuta K, Sato T, Saito T: A novel acyl-CoA thioesterase enhances its enzymatic activity by direct binding with HIV Nef. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 Sep 8;238(1):234-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Liu LX, Margottin F, Le Gall S, Schwartz O, Selig L, Benarous R, Benichou S: Binding of HIV-1 Nef to a novel thioesterase enzyme correlates with Nef-mediated CD4 down-regulation. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 23;272(21):13779-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Jones JM, Nau K, Geraghty MT, Erdmann R, Gould SJ: Identification of peroxisomal acyl-CoA thioesterases in yeast and humans. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9216-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Ishizuka M, Toyama Y, Watanabe H, Fujiki Y, Takeuchi A, Yamasaki S, Yuasa S, Miyazaki M, Nakajima N, Taki S, Saito T: Overexpression of human acyl-CoA thioesterase upregulates peroxisome biogenesis. Exp Cell Res. 2004 Jul 1;297(1):127-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Hunt MC, Alexson SE: The role Acyl-CoA thioesterases play in mediating intracellular lipid metabolism. Prog Lipid Res. 2002 Mar;41(2):99-130. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Daub H, Olsen JV, Bairlein M, Gnad F, Oppermann FS, Korner R, Greff Z, Keri G, Stemmann O, Mann M: Kinase-selective enrichment enables quantitative phosphoproteomics of the kinome across the cell cycle. Mol Cell. 2008 Aug 8;31(3):438-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 14 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 15 [top]
Enzyme 15 ID 8755
Enzyme 15 Name Phospholipase A2, group XIIA, isoform CRA_b
Enzyme 15 Synonyms
  1. SubName: cDNA PSEC0079 fis, clone NT2RP2004049, highly similar to Group XII secretory phospholipase A2 (EC 3.1.1.4)
  2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ93563, Homo sapiens phospholipase A2, group XII (PLA2G12), mRNA
Enzyme 15 Gene Name PLA2G12A
Enzyme 15 Protein Sequence >Phospholipase A2, group XIIA, isoform CRA_b
MALLSRPALTLLLLLMAAVVRCQEQAQTTDWRATLKTIRNGVHKIDTYLNAALDLLGGED
GLCQYKCSDGSKPFPRYGYKPSPPNGCGSPLFGVHLNIGIPSLTKCCNQHDRCYETCGKS
KNDCDEEFQYCLSKICRDVQKTLGLTQHVQACETTVELLFDSVIHLGCKPYLDSQRAACR
CHYEEKTDL
Enzyme 15 Number of Residues 189
Enzyme 15 Molecular Weight 21067.0
Enzyme 15 Theoretical pI 7.27
Enzyme 15 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • calcium ion binding
  • carboxylesterase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phospholipase A2 activity
Process
  • lipid catabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
  • extracellular region
Enzyme 15 General Function Involved in phospholipase A2 activity
Enzyme 15 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 15 Pathways
Enzyme 15 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 15 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 15 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 15 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 15 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 15 GenBank ID Protein 22761446 Link Image
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q542Y6 Link Image
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q542Y6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 15 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 15 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 15 Gene Sequence >570 bp
ATGGCCCTGCTCTCGCGCCCCGCGCTCACCCTCCTGCTCCTCCTCATGGCCGCTGTTGTC
AGGTGCCAGGAGCAGGCCCAGACCACCGACTGGAGAGCCACCCTGAAGACCATCCGGAAC
GGCGTTCATAAGATAGACACGTACCTGAACGCCGCCTTGGACCTCCTAGGAGGCGAGGAC
GGTCTCTGCCAGTATAAATGCAGTGACGGATCTAAGCCTTTCCCACGTTATGGTTATAAA
CCCTCCCCACCGAATGGATGTGGCTCTCCACTGTTTGGTGTTCATCTTAACATTGGTATC
CCTTCCCTGACAAAGTGTTGCAACCAACACGACAGGTGCTATGAGACCTGTGGCAAAAGC
AAGAATGACTGTGATGAAGAATTCCAGTATTGCCTCTCCAAGATCTGCCGAGATGTACAG
AAAACACTAGGACTAACTCAGCATGTTCAGGCATGTGAAACAACAGTGGAGCTCTTGTTT
GACAGTGTTATACATTTAGGTTGTAAACCATATCTGGACAGCCAACGAGCCGCATGCAGG
TGTCATTATGAAGAAAAAACTGATCTTTAA
Enzyme 15 GenBank Gene ID AK075389 Link Image
Enzyme 15 GeneCard ID PLA2G12A Link Image
Enzyme 15 GenAtlas ID PLA2G12A Link Image
Enzyme 15 HGNC ID HGNC:18554 Link Image
Enzyme 15 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 15 Locus 4q25
Enzyme 15 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 15 General References
  1. Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto J, Wakamatsu A, Kimura K, Sakamoto K, Hatano N, Kawai Y, Ishii S, Saito K, Kojima S, Sugiyama T, Ono T, Okano K, Yoshikawa Y, Aotsuka S, Sasaki N, Hattori A, Okumura K, Nagai K, Sugano S, Isogai T: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. DNA Res. 2005;12(2):117-26. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 15 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 16 [top]
Enzyme 16 ID 8800
Enzyme 16 Name Fatty acid desaturase 2
Enzyme 16 Synonyms
  1. Delta(6) fatty acid desaturase
  2. D6D
  3. Delta(6) desaturase
Enzyme 16 Gene Name FADS2
Enzyme 16 Protein Sequence >Fatty acid desaturase 2
MGKGGNQGEGAAEREVSVPTFSWEEIQKHNLRTDRWLVIDRKVYNITKWSIQHPGGQRVI
GHYAGEDATDAFRAFHPDLEFVGKFLKPLLIGELAPEEPSQDHGKNSKITEDFRALRKTA
EDMNLFKTNHVFFLLLLAHIIALESIAWFTVFYFGNGWIPTLITAFVLATSQAQAGWLQH
DYGHLSVYRKPKWNHLVHKFVIGHLKGASANWWNHRHFQHHAKPNIFHKDPDVNMLHVFV
LGEWQPIEYGKKKLKYLPYNHQHEYFFLIGPPLLIPMYFQYQIIMTMIVHKNWVDLAWAV
SYYIRFFITYIPFYGILGALLFLNFIRFLESHWFVWVTQMNHIVMEIDQEAYRDWFSSQL
TATCNVEQSFFNDWFSGHLNFQIEHHLFPTMPRHNLHKIAPLVKSLCAKHGIEYQEKPLL
RALLDIIRSLKKSGKLWLDAYLHK
Enzyme 16 Number of Residues 444
Enzyme 16 Molecular Weight 52259.1
Enzyme 16 Theoretical pI 9.18
Enzyme 16 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with incorporation or reduction of molecular oxygen
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired donors, with oxidation of a pair of donors resulting in the reduction of molecular oxygen to two molecules of water
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
  • carboxylic acid metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • fatty acid biosynthetic process
  • fatty acid metabolic process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monocarboxylic acid metabolic process
  • organic acid metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
  • oxoacid metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 16 General Function Involved in heme binding
Enzyme 16 Specific Function Component of a lipid metabolic pathway that catalyzes biosynthesis of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) from precursor essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) linoleic acid (LA) (18:2n-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) (18:3n-3). Catalyzes the first and rate limiting step in this pathway which is the desaturation of LA (18:2n-6) and ALA (18:3n-3) into gamma- linoleic acid (GLA) (18:3n-6) and stearidonic acid (18:4n-3) respectively and other desaturation steps. Highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) play pivotal roles in many biological functions. It catalizes as well the introduction of a cis double bond in palmitate to produce the mono-unsaturated fatty acid sapienate, the most abundant fatty acid in sebum
Enzyme 16 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 16 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 16 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 16 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 16 Transmembrane Regions
  • 132-152 158-178 265-285 306-326
Enzyme 16 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 16 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95864 Link Image
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name FADS2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 16 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 16 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 16 Gene Sequence >1335 bp
ATGGGGAAGGGAGGGAACCAGGGCGAGGGGGCCGCCGAGCGCGAGGTGTCGGTGCCCACC
TTCAGCTGGGAGGAGATTCAGAAGCATAACCTGCGCACCGACAGGTGGCTGGTCATTGAC
CGCAAGGTTTACAACATCACCAAATGGTCCATCCAGCACCCGGGGGGCCAGCGGGTCATC
GGGCACTACGCTGGAGAAGATGCAACGGATGCCTTCCGCGCCTTCCACCCTGACCTGGAA
TTCGTGGGCAAGTTCTTGAAACCCCTGCTGATTGGTGAACTGGCCCCGGAGGAGCCCAGC
CAGGACCACGGCAAGAACTCAAAGATCACTGAGGACTTCCGGGCCCTGAGGAAGACGGCT
GAGGACATGAACCTGTTCAAGACCAACCACGTGTTCTTCCTCCTCCTCCTGGCCCACATC
ATCGCCCTGGAGAGCATTGCATGGTTCACTGTCTTTTACTTTGGCAATGGCTGGATTCCT
ACCCTCATCACGGCCTTTGTCCTTGCTACCTCTCAGGCCCAAGCTGGATGGCTGCAACAT
GATTATGGCCACCTGTCTGTCTACAGAAAACCCAAGTGGAACCACCTTGTCCACAAATTC
GTCATTGGCCACTTAAAGGGTGCCTCTGCCAACTGGTGGAATCATCGCCACTTCCAGCAC
CACGCCAAGCCTAACATCTTCCACAAGGATCCCGATGTGAACATGCTGCACGTGTTTGTT
CTGGGCGAATGGCAGCCCATCGAGTACGGCAAGAAGAAGCTGAAATACCTGCCCTACAAT
CACCAGCACGAATACTTCTTCCTGATTGGGCCGCCGCTGCTCATCCCCATGTATTTCCAG
TACCAGATTATCATGACCATGATCGTCCATAAGAACTGGGTGGACCTGGCCTGGGCCGTC
AGCTACTACATCCGGTTCTTCATCACCTACATCCCTTTCTACGGCATCCTGGGAGCCCTC
CTTTTCCTCAACTTCATCAGGTTCCTGGAGAGCCACTGGTTTGTGTGGGTCACACAGATG
AATCACATCGTCATGGAGATTGACCAGGAGGCCTACCGTGACTGGTTCAGTAGCCAGCTG
ACAGCCACCTGCAACGTGGAGCAGTCCTTCTTCAACGACTGGTTCAGTGGACACCTTAAC
TTCCAGATTGAGCACCACCTCTTCCCCACCATGCCCCGGCACAACTTACACAAGATCGCC
CCGCTGGTGAAGTCTCTATGTGCCAAGCATGGCATTGAATACCAGGAGAAGCCGCTACTG
AGGGCCCTGCTGGACATCATCAGGTCCCTGAAGAAGTCTGGGAAGCTGTGGCTGGACGCC
TACCTTCACAAATGA
Enzyme 16 GenBank Gene ID AF126799 Link Image
Enzyme 16 GeneCard ID FADS2 Link Image
Enzyme 16 GenAtlas ID FADS2 Link Image
Enzyme 16 HGNC ID HGNC:3575 Link Image
Enzyme 16 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 16 Locus 11q12.2
Enzyme 16 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 16 General References
  1. Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD: Cloning, expression, and nutritional regulation of the mammalian Delta-6 desaturase. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jan 1;274(1):471-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Marquardt A, Stohr H, White K, Weber BH: cDNA cloning, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of three members of the human fatty acid desaturase family. Genomics. 2000 Jun 1;66(2):175-83. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Otsuki T, Ota T, Nishikawa T, Hayashi K, Suzuki Y, Yamamoto J, Wakamatsu A, Kimura K, Sakamoto K, Hatano N, Kawai Y, Ishii S, Saito K, Kojima S, Sugiyama T, Ono T, Okano K, Yoshikawa Y, Aotsuka S, Sasaki N, Hattori A, Okumura K, Nagai K, Sugano S, Isogai T: Signal sequence and keyword trap in silico for selection of full-length human cDNAs encoding secretion or membrane proteins from oligo-capped cDNA libraries. DNA Res. 2005;12(2):117-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Nara TY, He WS, Tang C, Clarke SD, Nakamura MT: The E-box like sterol regulatory element mediates the suppression of human Delta-6 desaturase gene by highly unsaturated fatty acids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2002 Aug 9;296(1):111-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Ge L, Gordon JS, Hsuan C, Stenn K, Prouty SM: Identification of the delta-6 desaturase of human sebaceous glands: expression and enzyme activity. J Invest Dermatol. 2003 May;120(5):707-14. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tang C, Cho HP, Nakamura MT, Clarke SD: Regulation of human delta-6 desaturase gene transcription: identification of a functional direct repeat-1 element. J Lipid Res. 2003 Apr;44(4):686-95. Epub 2003 Jan 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Lane J, Mansel RE, Jiang WG: Expression of human delta-6-desaturase is associated with aggressiveness of human breast cancer. Int J Mol Med. 2003 Aug;12(2):253-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 16 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 17 [top]
Enzyme 17 ID 14866
Enzyme 17 Name Cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta
Enzyme 17 Synonyms
  1. cPLA2-beta
  2. Phospholipase A2 group IVB
Enzyme 17 Gene Name PLA2G4B
Enzyme 17 Protein Sequence >Cytosolic phospholipase A2 beta
MAVAEVSRTCLLTVRVLQAHRLPSKDLVTPSDCYVTLWLPTACSHRLQTRTVKNSSSPVW
NQSFHFRIHRQLKNVMELKVFDQDLVTGDDPVLSVLFDAGTLRAGEFRRESFSLSPQGEG
RLEVEFRLQSLADRGEWLVSNGVLVARELSCLHVQLEETGDQKSSEHRVQLVVPGSCEGP
QEASVGTGTFRFHCPACWEQELSIRLQDAPEEQLKAPLSALPSGQVVRLVFPTSQEPLMR
VELKKEAGLRELAVRLGFGPCAEEQAFLSRRKQVVAAALRQALQLDGDLQEDEIPVVAIM
ATGGGIRAMTSLYGQLAGLKELGLLDCVSYITGASGSTWALANLYEDPEWSQKDLAGPTE
LLKTQVTKNKLGVLAPSQLQRYRQELAERARLGYPSCFTNLWALINEALLHDEPHDHKLS
DQREALSHGQNPLPIYCALNTKGQSLTTFEFGEWCEFSPYEVGFPKYGAFIPSELFGSEF
FMGQLMKRLPESRICFLEGIWSNLYAANLQDSLYWASEPSQFWDRWVRNQANLDKEQVPL
LKIEEPPSTAGRIAEFFTDLLTWRPLAQATHNFLRGLHFHKDYFQHPHFSTWKATTLDGL
PNQLTPSEPHLCLLDVGYLINTSCLPLLQPTRDVDLILSLDYNLHGAFQQLQLLGRFCQE
QGIPFPPISPSPEEQLQPRECHTFSDPTCPGAPAVLHFPLVSDSFREYSAPGVRRTPEEA
AAGEVNLSSSDSPYHYTKVTYSQEDVDKLLHLTHYNVCNNQEQLLEALRQAVQRRRQRRP
H
Enzyme 17 Number of Residues 781
Enzyme 17 Molecular Weight 87977.0
Enzyme 17 Theoretical pI 5.85
Enzyme 17 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • lipase activity
  • phospholipase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
  • organophosphate metabolic process
  • phospholipid catabolic process
  • phospholipid metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 17 General Function Involved in metabolic process
Enzyme 17 Specific Function Calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that selectively hydrolyzes glycerophospholipids in the sn-2 position with a preference for arachidonoyl phospholipids. Has a much weaker activity than PLA2G4A. Isoform 3 has calcium-dependent activity against palmitoyl-arachidonyl-phosphatidylethanolamine and low level lysophospholipase activity but no activity against phosphatidylcholine
Enzyme 17 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 17 Reactions
  • phosphatidylcholine + H2O = 1-acylglycerophosphocholine + a carboxylate [RN:R01313]
Enzyme 17 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 17 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 17 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 17 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 17 GenBank ID Protein 194387976 Link Image
Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P0C869 Link Image
Enzyme 17 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PA24B_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 17 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 17 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 17 Gene Sequence >2346 bp
ATGGCTGTGGCAGAGGTGTCCAGGACCTGCCTGCTCACGGTTCGTGTCCTGCAGGCCCAT
CGCCTACCCTCTAAGGACCTAGTGACCCCCTCTGACTGCTACGTGACTCTCTGGCTGCCC
ACGGCCTGCAGCCACAGGCTCCAGACACGCACGGTCAAGAACAGCAGTAGCCCTGTCTGG
AACCAGAGCTTTCACTTCAGGATCCACAGGCAGCTCAAGAATGTCATGGAACTGAAAGTC
TTTGACCAGGACCTGGTGACCGGAGATGACCCTGTGTTGTCAGTACTGTTTGATGCGGGG
ACTCTGCGGGCTGGGGAGTTCCGGCGCGAGAGCTTCTCACTGAGCCCTCAGGGTGAGGGG
CGCCTGGAAGTTGAATTTCGCCTGCAGAGTCTGGCTGACCGTGGCGAGTGGCTCGTCAGC
AATGGCGTTCTGGTGGCCCGGGAGCTCTCCTGCTTGCACGTTCAACTGGAGGAGACAGGA
GACCAGAAGTCCTCAGAGCACAGAGTTCAGCTTGTGGTTCCTGGGTCCTGTGAGGGTCCG
CAGGAGGCCTCTGTGGGCACTGGCACCTTCTGCTTCCACTGCCCAGCCTGCTGGGAGCAG
GAGCTGAGTATTCGCCTGCAGGATGCCCCCGAGGAGCAACTAAAGGCGCCACTGAGTGCC
CTGCCCTCTGGTCAAGTGGTGAGGCTTGTCTTCCCCACGTCCCAGGAGCCCCTGATGAGA
GTGGAGCTGAAAAAAGAAGCAGGACTGAGGGAGCTGGCCGTGCGACTGGGCTTCGGGCCC
TGTGCAGAGGAGCAGGCCTTCCTGAGCAGGAGGAAGCAGGTGGTGGCCGCGGCCTTGAGG
CAGGCCCTGCAGCTGGATGGAGACCTGCAGGAGGATGAGATCCCAGTGGTAGCTATTATG
GCCACTGGTGGTGGGATCCGGGCAATGACTTCCCTGTATGGGCAGCTGGCTGGCCTGAAG
GAGCTGGGCCTCTTGGATTGCGTCTCCTACATCACCGGGGCCTCGGGCTCCACCTGGGCC
TTGGCCAACCTTTATGAGGACCCAGAGTGGTCTCAGAAGGACCTGGCAGGGCCCACTGAG
TTGCTGAAGACCCAGGTGACCAAGAACAAGCTGGGTGTGCTGGCCCCCAGCCAGCTGCAG
CGGTACCGGCAGGAGCTGGCCGAGCGTGCCCGCTTGGGCTACCCAAGCTGCTTCACCAAC
CTGTGGGCCCTCATCAACGAGGCGCTGCTGCATGATGAGCCCCATGATCACAAGCTCTCA
GATCAACGGGAGGCCCTGAGTCATGGCCAGAACCCTCTGCCCATCTACTGTGCCCTCAAC
ACCAAAGGGCAGAGCCTGACCACTTTTGAATTTGGGGAGTGGTGCGAGTTCTCTCCCTAC
GAGGTCGGCTTCCCCAAGTACGGGGCCTTCATCCCCTCTGAGCTCTTTGGCTCCGAGTTC
TTTATGGGGCAGCTGATGAAGAGGCTTCCTGAGTCCCGCATCTGCTTCTTAGAAGGTATC
TGGAGCAACCTGTATGCAGCCAACCTCCAGGACAGCTTATACTGGGCCTCAGAGCCCAGC
CAGTTCTGGGACCGCTGGGTCAGGAACCAGGCCAACCTGGACAAGGAGCAGGTCCCCCTT
CTGAAGATAGAAGAACCACCCTCAACAGCCGGCAGGATAGCTGAGTTTTTCACCGATCTT
CTGACGTGGCGTCCACTGGCCCAGGCCACACATAATTTCCTGTGTGGCCTCCATTTCCAC
AAAGACTACTTTCAGCATCCTCACTTCTCCACATGGAAAGCTACCACTCTGGATGGGCTC
CCCAACCAGCTGACACCCTCGGAGCCCCACCTGTGCCTGCTGGATGTTGGCTACCTCATC
AATACCAGCTGCCTGCCCCTCCTGCAGCCCACTCGGGACGTGGACCTCATCCTGTCATTG
GACTACAACCTCCACGGAGCCTTCCAGCAGTTGCAGCTCCTGGGCCGGTTCTGCCAGGAG
CAGGGGATCCCGTTCCCACCCATCTCGCCCAGCCCCGAAGAGCAGCTCCAGCCTCGGGAG
TGCCACACCTTCTCTGACCCCACCTGCCCCGGAGCCCCTGCGGTGCTGCACTTTCCTCTG
GTCAGCGACTCCTTCCGGGAGTACTCGGCCCCTGGGGTCCGGCGGACACCCGAGGAGGCG
GCAGCTGAGGAGGTGAACCTGTCTTCATCGGACTCTCCCTACCACTACACGAAGGTGACC
TACAGCCAGGAGGACGTGGACAAGCTGCTGCACCTGACACATTACAATGTCTGCAACAAC
CAGGAGCAGCTGCTGGAGGCTCTGCGCCAGGCAGTGCAGCGGAGGCGGCAGCGCAGGCCC
CACTGA
Enzyme 17 GenBank Gene ID AK299419 Link Image
Enzyme 17 GeneCard ID PLA2G4B Link Image
Enzyme 17 GenAtlas ID PLA2G4B Link Image
Enzyme 17 HGNC ID HGNC:9036 Link Image
Enzyme 17 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 17 Locus 15q11.2-q21.3
Enzyme 17 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 17 General References
  1. Pickard RT, Strifler BA, Kramer RM, Sharp JD: Molecular cloning of two new human paralogs of 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2. J Biol Chem. 1999 Mar 26;274(13):8823-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Song C, Chang XJ, Bean KM, Proia MS, Knopf JL, Kriz RW: Molecular characterization of cytosolic phospholipase A2-beta. J Biol Chem. 1999 Jun 11;274(24):17063-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ghosh M, Loper R, Gelb MH, Leslie CC: Identification of the expressed form of human cytosolic phospholipase A2beta (cPLA2beta): cPLA2beta3 is a novel variant localized to mitochondria and early endosomes. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 16;281(24):16615-24. Epub 2006 Apr 14. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Zody MC, Garber M, Sharpe T, Young SK, Rowen L, O'Neill K, Whittaker CA, Kamal M, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Kodira CD, Madan A, Qin S, Yang X, Abbasi N, Abouelleil A, Arachchi HM, Baradarani L, Birditt B, Bloom S, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Burke J, Butler J, Cook A, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dorris L 3rd, Dors M, Eichler EE, Engels R, Fahey J, Fleetwood P, Friedman C, Gearin G, Hall JL, Hensley G, Johnson E, Jones C, Kamat A, Kaur A, Locke DP, Madan A, Munson G, Jaffe DB, Lui A, Macdonald P, Mauceli E, Naylor JW, Nesbitt R, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Ratcliffe A, Rounsley S, She X, Sneddon KM, Stewart S, Sougnez C, Stone SM, Topham K, Vincent D, Wang S, Zimmer AR, Birren BW, Hood L, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15. Nature. 2006 Mar 30;440(7084):671-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 17 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 18 [top]
Enzyme 18 ID 15234
Enzyme 18 Name Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4
Enzyme 18 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 18 Gene Name ACOT4
Enzyme 18 Protein Sequence >Acyl-CoA thioesterase 4
MSATLILEPPGRCCWNEPVRIAVRGLAPEQRVTLRASLRDEKGALFRAHARYCADACGEL
DLERAPALGGSFAGLEPMGLLWALEPEKPFWRFLKRDVQIPFVVELEVLDGHDPEPGRLL
CQAQHERHFLPPGVRRQSVRAGRVRATLFLPPGPGPFPGIIDIFGIGGGLLEYRASLLAG
HGFATLALAYYNFEDLPNNMDNISLEYFEEAVCYMLQHPQVKGPGIGLLGISLGADICLS
MASFLKNVSATVSINGSGISGNTAINYKHSSIPPLGYDLRRIKVAFSGLVDIVDIRNALV
GGYKNPSMIPIEKAQGPILLIVGQDDHNWRSELYAQTVSERLQAHGKEKPQIICYPGTGH
YIEPPYFPLCPASLHRLLNKHVIWGGEPRAHSKAQEDAWKQILAFFCKHLGGTQKTAVPK
L
Enzyme 18 Number of Residues 421
Enzyme 18 Molecular Weight 46274
Enzyme 18 Theoretical pI 7.95
Enzyme 18 GO Classification
Function
  • CoA hydrolase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds
  • palmitoyl-CoA hydrolase activity
  • thiolester hydrolase activity
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 18 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 18 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 18 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 18 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 18 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 18 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 18 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 18 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 18 GenBank ID Protein 60551129 Link Image
Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5BKT6 Link Image
Enzyme 18 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q5BKT6_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 18 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 18 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 18 Gene Sequence >1266 bp
ATGTCAGCAACGCTGATCCTGGAGCCCCCAGGCCGCTGCTGCTGGAACGAGCCGGTGCGC
ATTGCCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCCCCGGAGCAGCGGGTTACGCTGCGCGCGTCCCTGCGCGAC
GAGAAGGGCGCGCTCTTCCGGGCCCACGCGCGCTACTGCGCCGACGCCTGCGGCGAGCTG
GACCTGGAGCGCGCACCCGCGCTGGGCGGCAGCTTCGCGGGACTCGAGCCCATGGGGCTG
CTCTGGGCCCTGGAACCCGAGAAGCCTTTTTGGCGCTTCCTGAAGCGGGACGTACAGATT
CCTTTTGTCGTGGAGTTGGAGGTGCTGGACGGCCACGACCCCGAGCCTGGACGGCTGCTG
TGCCAGGCGCAGCACGAGCGCCACTTCCTCCCGCCAGGGGTGCGGCGCCAGTCGGTGCGA
GCGGGCCGGGTGCGCGCCACGCTCTTCCTGCCGCCAGGACCTGGACCCTTCCCAGGGATC
ATTGACATCTTTGGTATTGGAGGGGGCCTCTTGGAATATCGAGCCAGCCTCCTTGCTGGC
CATGGCTTTGCCACGTTGGCTCTAGCTTATTATAACTTTGAAGATCTCCCCAATAACATG
GACAACATATCCCTGGAGTACTTCGAAGAAGCCGTATGCTACATGCTTCAACATCCCCAG
GTAAAAGGCCCAGGCATTGGGCTTTTGGGCATTTCTCTAGGAGCTGATATTTGTCTCTCA
ATGGCCTCATTCTTGAAGAATGTCTCAGCCACAGTTTCCATCAATGGATCTGGGATCAGT
GGGAACACAGCCATCAACTATAAGCACAGTAGCATTCCACCATTGGGCTATGACCTGAGG
AGAATCAAGGTAGCTTTCTCAGGCCTCGTGGACATCGTGGATATAAGGAATGCTCTCGTA
GGAGGGTACAAGAACCCCAGCATGATTCCAATAGAGAAGGCCCAGGGGCCCATCCTGCTC
ATTGTTGGTCAGGATGACCATAACTGGAGAAGTGAGTTGTATGCCCAAACAGTCTCTGAA
CGGTTACAGGCCCATGGAAAGGAAAAACCCCAGATCATCTGTTACCCTGGGACTGGGCAT
TACATCGAGCCTCCTTACTTCCCCCTGTGCCCAGCTTCCCTTCACAGATTACTGAACAAA
CATGTTATATGGGGTGGGGAGCCCAGGGCTCATTCTAAGGCCCAGGAAGATGCCTGGAAG
CAAATTCTAGCCTTCTTCTGCAAACACCTGGGAGGTACCCAGAAAACAGCTGTCCCTAAA
TTGTAA
Enzyme 18 GenBank Gene ID BC090945 Link Image
Enzyme 18 GeneCard ID Q5BKT6 Link Image
Enzyme 18 GenAtlas ID ACOT4 Link Image
Enzyme 18 HGNC ID HGNC:19748 Link Image
Enzyme 18 Chromosome Location 14
Enzyme 18 Locus 14q24.3
Enzyme 18 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 18 General References
  1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 18 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 19 [top]
Enzyme 19 ID 15299
Enzyme 19 Name cDNA FLJ75686, highly similar to Homo sapiens phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) (PLA2G2A), mRNA (Phospholipase A2, group IIA (Platelets, synovial fluid), isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 19 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 19 Gene Name PLA2G2A
Enzyme 19 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75686, highly similar to Homo sapiens phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) (PLA2G2A), mRNA (Phospholipase A2, group IIA (Platelets, synovial fluid), isoform CRA_a)
MKTLLLLAVIMIFGLLQAHGNLVNFHRMIKLTTGKEAALSYGFYGCHCGVGGRGSPKDAT
DRCCVTHDCCYKRLEKRGCGTKFLSYKFSNSGSRITCAKQDSCRSQLCECDKAAATCFAR
NKTTYNKKYQYYSNKHCRGSTPRC
Enzyme 19 Number of Residues 144
Enzyme 19 Molecular Weight 16083
Enzyme 19 Theoretical pI 9.51
Enzyme 19 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 19 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 19 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 19 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 19 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 19 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 19 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 19 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 19 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 19 GenBank ID Protein 158256040 Link Image
Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K5I7 Link Image
Enzyme 19 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K5I7_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 19 PDB ID 1DB4 Link Image
Enzyme 19 PDB File Show
Enzyme 19 3D Structure
Enzyme 19 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 19 Gene Sequence >435 bp
ATGAAGACCCTCCTACTGTTGGCAGTGATCATGATCTTTGGCCTACTGCAGGCCCATGGG
AATTTGGTGAATTTCCACAGAATGATCAAGTTGACGACAGGAAAGGAAGCCGCACTCAGT
TATGGCTTCTACGGCTGCCACTGTGGCGTGGGTGGCAGAGGATCCCCCAAGGATGCAACG
GATCGCTGCTGTGTCACTCATGACTGTTGCTACAAACGTCTGGAGAAACGTGGATGTGGC
ACCAAATTTCTGAGCTACAAGTTTAGCAACTCGGGGAGCAGAATCACCTGTGCAAAACAG
GACTCCTGCAGAAGTCAACTGTGTGAGTGTGATAAGGCTGCTGCCACCTGTTTTGCTAGA
AACAAGACGACCTACAATAAAAAGTACCAGTACTATTCCAATAAACACTGCAGAGGGAGC
ACCCCTCGTTGCTGA
Enzyme 19 GenBank Gene ID AK291302 Link Image
Enzyme 19 GeneCard ID A8K5I7 Link Image
Enzyme 19 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 19 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 19 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 19 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 19 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 19 General References Not Available
Enzyme 19 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 20 [top]
Enzyme 20 ID 16561
Enzyme 20 Name Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent) (Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent), isoform CRA_a)
Enzyme 20 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 20 Gene Name PLA2G6
Enzyme 20 Protein Sequence >Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent) (Phospholipase A2, group VI (Cytosolic, calcium-independent), isoform CRA_a)
MQFFGRLVNTFSGVTNLFSNPFRVKEVAVADYTSSDRVREEGQLILFQNTPNRTWDCVLV
NPRNSQSGFRLFQLELEADALVNFHQYSSQLLPFYESSPQVLHTEVLQHLTDLIRNHPSW
SVAHLAVELGIRECFHHSRIISCANCAENEEGCTPLHLACRKGDGEILVELVQYCHTQMD
VTDYKGETVFHYAVQGDNSQVLQLLGRNAVAGLNQVNNQGLTPLHLACQLGKQEMVRVLL
LCNARCNIMGPNGYPIHSAMKFSQKGCAEMIISMDSSQIHSKDPRYGASPLHWAKNAEMA
RMLLKRGCNVNSTSSAGNTALHVAVMRNRFDCAIVLLTHGANADARGEHGNTPLHLAMSK
DNVEMIKALIVFGAEVDTPNDFGETPTFLASKIGRQLQDLMHISRARKPAFILGSMRDEK
RTHDHLLCLDGGGVKGLIIIQLLIAIEKASGVATKDLFDWVAGTSTGGILALAILHSKSM
AYMRGMYFRMKDEVFRGSRPYESGPLEEFLKREFGEHTKMTDVRKPKVMLTGTLSDRQPA
ELHLFRNYDAPETVREPRFNQNVNLRPPAQPSDQLVWRAARSSGAAPTYFRPNGRFLDGG
LLANNPTLDAMTEIHEYNQDLIRKGQANKVKKLSIVVSLGTGRSPQVPVTCVDVFRPSNP
WELAKTVFGAKELGKMVVDCCTDPDGRAVDRARAWCEMVGIQYFRLNPQLGTDIMLDEVS
DTVLVNALWETEVYIYEHREEFQKLIQLLLSP
Enzyme 20 Number of Residues 752
Enzyme 20 Molecular Weight 84094
Enzyme 20 Theoretical pI 7.24
Enzyme 20 GO Classification
Function
Process
  • lipid metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • primary metabolism
Component
Enzyme 20 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 20 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 20 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 20 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 20 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 20 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 20 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 20 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 20 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B0QYE8 Link Image
Enzyme 20 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B0QYE8_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 20 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 20 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 20 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 20 GenBank Gene ID AL022322 Link Image
Enzyme 20 GeneCard ID B0QYE8 Link Image
Enzyme 20 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 20 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 20 Chromosome Location 22
Enzyme 20 Locus 22q13.1
Enzyme 20 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 20 General References Not Available
Enzyme 20 Metabolite References Not Available