Showing metabocard for Guanosine monophosphate (HMDB01397)

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides into membrane permeable nucleosides.

Gene Name:

NT5E

Uniprot ID:

P21589

Molecular weight:

57948.125

Reactions

General function:

Involved in nucleotide binding

Specific function:

Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides. Helps to regulate adenosine levels (By similarity).

Gene Name:

NT5C1B

Uniprot ID:

Q96P26

Molecular weight:

68803.055

Reactions

General function:

Involved in nucleotide binding

Specific function:

Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides and has a broad substrate specificity. Helps to regulate adenosine levels in heart during ischemia and hypoxia.

Gene Name:

NT5C1A

Uniprot ID:

Q9BXI3

Molecular weight:

41020.145

Reactions

General function:

Involved in metal ion binding

Specific function:

Dephosphorylates the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of deoxyribonucleotides, with a preference for dUMP and dTMP, intermediate activity towards dGMP, and low activity towards dCMP and dAMP.

Gene Name:

NT5C

Uniprot ID:

Q8TCD5

Molecular weight:

Not Available

Reactions

General function:

Involved in phosphatase activity

Specific function:

Dephosphorylates specifically the 5' and 2'(3')-phosphates of uracil and thymine deoxyribonucleotides, and so protects mitochondrial DNA replication from excess dTTP. Has only marginal activity towards dIMP and dGMP.

Gene Name:

NT5M

Uniprot ID:

Q9NPB1

Molecular weight:

Not Available

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

In the nervous system, could hydrolyze ATP and other nucleotides to regulate purinergic neurotransmission. Could also be implicated in the prevention of platelet aggregation by hydrolyzing platelet-activating ADP to AMP. Hydrolyzes ATP and ADP equally well.

Gene Name:

ENTPD1

Uniprot ID:

P49961

Molecular weight:

58706.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in calcium ion binding

Specific function:

Calcium-dependent nucleotidase with a preference for UDP. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP > GDP > UTP > GTP. Has very low activity towards ADP and even lower activity towards ATP. Does not hydrolyze AMP and GMP. Involved in proteoglycan synthesis.

Gene Name:

CANT1

Uniprot ID:

Q8WVQ1

Molecular weight:

44839.24

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Has a threefold preference for the hydrolysis of ATP over ADP.

Gene Name:

ENTPD3

Uniprot ID:

O75355

Molecular weight:

59104.76

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Pyrophosphatase that hydrolyzes the non-canonical purine nucleotides inosine triphosphate (ITP), deoxyinosine triphosphate (dITP) as well as 2'-deoxy-N-6-hydroxylaminopurine triposphate (dHAPTP) and xanthosine 5'-triphosphate (XTP) to their respective monophosphate derivatives. The enzyme does not distinguish between the deoxy- and ribose forms. Probably excludes non-canonical purines from RNA and DNA precursor pools, thus preventing their incorporation into RNA and DNA and avoiding chromosomal lesions.

Gene Name:

ITPA

Uniprot ID:

Q9BY32

Molecular weight:

16833.23

Reactions

General function:

Involved in adenine phosphoribosyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes a salvage reaction resulting in the formation of AMP, that is energically less costly than de novo synthesis.

Gene Name:

APRT

Uniprot ID:

P07741

Molecular weight:

19607.535

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Converts guanine to guanosine monophosphate, and hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate. Transfers the 5-phosphoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate onto the purine. Plays a central role in the generation of purine nucleotides through the purine salvage pathway.

Gene Name:

HPRT1

Uniprot ID:

P00492

Molecular weight:

24579.155

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Specific function:

Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones.

Gene Name:

PDE6H

Uniprot ID:

Q13956

Molecular weight:

9074.36

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. Has a higher affinity for cGMP than for cAMP.

Gene Name:

PDE1A

Uniprot ID:

P54750

Molecular weight:

61251.38

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in maintaining basal levels of the cyclic nucleotide and/or in the cAMP regulation of germ cell development.

Gene Name:

PDE8A

Uniprot ID:

O60658

Molecular weight:

86047.88

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. Has a preference for cGMP as a substrate.

Gene Name:

PDE1B

Uniprot ID:

Q01064

Molecular weight:

61379.235

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. May play a role in fat metabolism. Regulates cAMP binding of RAPGEF3. Through simultaneous binding to RAPGEF3 and PIK3R6 assembles a signaling complex in which the PI3K gamma complex is activated by RAPGEF3 and which is involved in angiogenesis.

Gene Name:

PDE3B

Uniprot ID:

Q13370

Molecular weight:

124332.145

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PDE6C

Uniprot ID:

P51160

Molecular weight:

99146.095

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May have a role in muscle signal transduction.

Gene Name:

PDE7A

Uniprot ID:

Q13946

Molecular weight:

55504.475

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Involved in the de novo synthesis of guanine nucleotides which are not only essential for DNA and RNA synthesis, but also provide GTP, which is involved in a number of cellular processes important for cell division.

Gene Name:

GMPS

Uniprot ID:

P49915

Molecular weight:

76714.79

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

PDE3A

Uniprot ID:

Q14432

Molecular weight:

124978.06

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. Can hydrolyze both cAMP and cGMP, but has higher affinity for cAMP and is more efficient with cAMP as substrate.

Gene Name:

PDE10A

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y233

Molecular weight:

89388.7

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes. Has a high affinity for both cAMP and cGMP.

Gene Name:

PDE1C

Uniprot ID:

Q14123

Molecular weight:

72207.775

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in mediating central nervous system effects of therapeutic agents ranging from antidepressants to antiasthmatic and anti-inflammatory agents.

Gene Name:

PDE4B

Uniprot ID:

Q07343

Molecular weight:

64351.765

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in the control of cAMP-mediated neural activity and cAMP metabolism in the brain.

Gene Name:

PDE7B

Uniprot ID:

Q9NP56

Molecular weight:

51834.855

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cGMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.

Gene Name:

PDE9A

Uniprot ID:

O76083

Molecular weight:

61708.5

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many important physiological processes.

Gene Name:

PDE2A

Uniprot ID:

O00408

Molecular weight:

105145.485

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Asymmetrically hydrolyzes Ap4A to yield AMP and ATP. Plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis.

Gene Name:

NUDT2

Uniprot ID:

P50583

Molecular weight:

16829.09

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal.

Gene Name:

PDE6A

Uniprot ID:

P16499

Molecular weight:

99546.595

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes. May be involved in specific signaling in the thyroid gland.

Gene Name:

PDE8B

Uniprot ID:

O95263

Molecular weight:

87973.225

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.

Gene Name:

PDE4C

Uniprot ID:

Q08493

Molecular weight:

79900.795

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

This protein participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. Necessary for the formation of a functional phosphodiesterase holoenzyme.

Gene Name:

PDE6B

Uniprot ID:

P35913

Molecular weight:

98348.955

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.

Gene Name:

PDE4D

Uniprot ID:

Q08499

Molecular weight:

91114.1

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Specific function:

Participates in processes of transmission and amplification of the visual signal. cGMP-PDEs are the effector molecules in G-protein-mediated phototransduction in vertebrate rods and cones.

Gene Name:

PDE6G

Uniprot ID:

P18545

Molecular weight:

9643.09

Reactions

General function:

Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

PDE6D

Uniprot ID:

O43924

Molecular weight:

17419.9

General function:

Involved in 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes the second messenger cAMP, which is a key regulator of many important physiological processes.

Gene Name:

PDE4A

Uniprot ID:

P27815

Molecular weight:

98142.155

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase catalyzes the specific hydrolysis of cGMP to 5'-GMP.

Gene Name:

PDE5A

Uniprot ID:

O76074

Molecular weight:

99984.14

Reactions

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

General function:

Involved in protein-glutamine gamma-glutamyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the calcium-dependent formation of isopeptide cross-links between glutamine and lysine residues in various proteins, as well as the conjugation of polyamines to proteins. Involved in the formation of the cornified envelope (CE), a specialized component consisting of covalent cross-links of proteins beneath the plasma membrane of terminally differentiated keratinocytes. Catalyzes small proline-rich proteins (SPRR1 and SPRR2) and LOR cross-linking to form small interchain oligomers, which are further cross-linked by TGM1 onto the growing CE scaffold (By similarity). In hair follicles, involved in cross-linking structural proteins to hardening the inner root sheath.

Gene Name:

TGM3

Uniprot ID:

Q08188

Molecular weight:

76631.26

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides. Plays a role in modulating cellular differentiation.

Gene Name:

GMPR2

Uniprot ID:

Q9P2T1

Molecular weight:

37874.125

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the irreversible NADPH-dependent deamination of GMP to IMP. It functions in the conversion of nucleobase, nucleoside and nucleotide derivatives of G to A nucleotides, and in maintaining the intracellular balance of A and G nucleotides.

Gene Name:

GMPR

Uniprot ID:

P36959

Molecular weight:

37418.58

Reactions

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5'-diphosphates, nucleoside 5'-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent. The order of activity with different substrates is UDP >> GDP = CDP = TDP, AMP, ADP, ATP and UMP are not substrates. Preferred substrates for isoform 2 are CTP, UDP, CDP, GTP and GDP, while isoform 1 utilizes UTP and TTP.

Gene Name:

ENTPD4

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y227

Molecular weight:

69419.915

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Might support glycosylation reactions in the Golgi apparatus and, when released from cells, might catalyze the hydrolysis of extracellular nucleotides. Hydrolyzes preferentially nucleoside 5'-diphosphates, nucleoside 5'-triphosphates are hydrolyzed only to a minor extent, there is no hydrolysis of nucleoside 5'-monophosphates. The order of activity with different substrates is GDP > IDP >> UDP = CDP >> ADP (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ENTPD6

Uniprot ID:

O75354

Molecular weight:

51159.26

Reactions

General function:

Involved in hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Uridine diphosphatase (UDPase) that promotes protein N-glycosylation and ATP level regulation. UDP hydrolysis promotes protein N-glycosylation and folding in the endoplasmic reticulum, as well as elevated ATP consumption in the cytosol via an ATP hydrolysis cycle. Together with CMPK1 and AK1, constitutes an ATP hydrolysis cycle that converts ATP to AMP and results in a compensatory increase in aerobic glycolysis. Also hydrolyzes GDP and IDP but not any other nucleoside di-, mono- or triphosphates, nor thiamine pyrophosphate. Plays a key role in the AKT1-PTEN signaling pathway by promoting glycolysis in proliferating cells in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ENTPD5

Uniprot ID:

O75356

Molecular weight:

47516.985

Reactions

General function:

Involved in IMP cyclohydrolase activity

Specific function:

Bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes 2 steps in purine biosynthesis.

Gene Name:

ATIC

Uniprot ID:

P31939

Molecular weight:

64615.255

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

General function:

Involved in guanylate kinase activity

Specific function:

Essential for recycling GMP and indirectly, cGMP.

Gene Name:

GUK1

Uniprot ID:

Q16774

Molecular weight:

21725.41

Reactions

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]

General function:

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Specific function:

Receptor for the C-type natriuretic peptide NPPC/CNP hormone. Has guanylate cyclase activity upon binding of its ligand. May play a role in the regulation of skeletal growth.

Gene Name:

NPR2

Uniprot ID:

P20594

Molecular weight:

117020.97

General function:

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Specific function:

Receptor for the atrial natriuretic peptide NPPA/ANP and the brain natriuretic peptide NPPB/BNP which are potent vasoactive hormones playing a key role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Has guanylate cyclase activity upon binding of the ligand.

Gene Name:

NPR1

Uniprot ID:

P16066

Molecular weight:

118918.11

General function:

Involved in phosphorus-oxygen lyase activity

Specific function:

Receptor for the E.coli heat-stable enterotoxin (E.coli enterotoxin markedly stimulates the accumulation of cGMP in mammalian cells expressing GC-C). Also activated by the endogenous peptide guanylin.

Gene Name:

GUCY2C

Uniprot ID:

P25092

Molecular weight:

123401.73

General function:

Involved in ion channel activity

Specific function:

Visual signal transduction is mediated by a G-protein coupled cascade using cGMP as second messenger. This protein can be activated by cyclic GMP which leads to an opening of the cation channel and thereby causing a depolarization of cone photoreceptors. Induced a flickering channel gating, weakened the outward rectification in the presence of extracellular calcium, increased sensitivity for L-cis diltiazem and enhanced the cAMP efficacy of the channel when coexpressed with CNGB3. Essential for the generation of light-evoked electrical responses in the red-, green- and blue sensitive cones

Gene Name:

CNGA3

Uniprot ID:

Q16281

Molecular weight:

78837.4

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rap1A, Rap1B and Rap2B GTPases. Does not interact with cAMP or cGMP

Gene Name:

RAPGEF2

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y4G8

Molecular weight:

167415.5

General function:

Involved in protein binding

Specific function:

Interacts with the cytoplasmic tail of NMDA receptor subunits and shaker-type potassium channels. Required for synaptic plasticity associated with NMDA receptor signaling. Overexpression or depletion of DLG4 changes the ratio of excitatory to inhibitory synapses in hippocampal neurons. May reduce the amplitude of ACCN3 acid-evoked currents by retaining the channel intracellularly. May regulate the intracellular trafficking of ADR1B

Gene Name:

DLG4

Uniprot ID:

P78352

Molecular weight:

80494.6

References

1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
3. Berman HM, Westbrook J, Feng Z, Gilliland G, Bhat TN, Weissig H, Shindyalov IN, Bourne PE: The Protein Data Bank. Nucleic Acids Res. 2000 Jan 1;28(1):235-42. [PubMed:10592235 ]