Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Zirconium (HMDB01475)

Blood
Urine

Record Information

Version

3.5

Creation Date

2005-11-16 08:48:42 -0700

Update Date

2013-05-29 13:31:51 -0600

HMDB ID

HMDB01475

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Zirconium

Description

The action of Zirconium (Zr) on biological systems presents an enigma. It is ubiquitous, being present in nature in amounts higher than most trace elements. It is taken up by plants from soil and water and accumulated in certain tissues. The entry into animal systems in vivo is related to the mode of exposure and the concentration in the surrounding environment. Retention is initially in soft tissues and then slowly in the bone. The metal is able to cross the blood brain-barrier and is deposited in the brain and the placental barrier to enter milk. Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. The daily human uptake has been known to be as high as 125 mg. The level of toxicity has been found to be moderately low, both in histological and cytological studies. The toxic effects induced by very high concentrations are nonspecific in nature. Despite the presence and retention in relatively high quantities in biological systems, Zr has not yet been associated with any specific metabolic function. Very little information is available about its interaction with the compounds of the genetical systems, such as nucleic acids. Apparently, the metal is neither an essential nor toxic element in the conventional sense. However, the increasing exposure to this element through its increasing use in new materials and following radioactive fallout, has increased the importance of the study of its effects on living organisms. The tetravalent nature of the ionic state and the high stability of the compounds formed are important factors that need to be considered, as also the accumulation of this element in the brain, reminiscent of the relationship between Aluminum and Alzheimer's disease. Zirconium is a metallic element with the atomic number 40 and mol wt 91.99, and belongs to the group IVB and second transition series of the fifth period of Mendeleyev's periodic table. It was named from Arabic zargun, meaning gold color. Discovered in the semiprecious gem zircon, as orthosilicate, by Klaproth in 1789, Zr was isolated as an element by Berzelius in 1824. In its metal form, Zr is hard and resistant to corrosion, heat, and acid. Zirconium behaves like an essential trace metal in the biosphere, although the possibility that it is a natural contaminant with no considerable physiological effects must be considered (PMID: 1283692 Link_out

, Biol Trace Elem Res. 1992 Dec;35(3):247-71.).

Structure

Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure

Synonyms

Circonio
Zircat
Zirconio
Zirkonium
Zr

Chemical Formula

Average Molecular Weight

91.224

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

89.904703679

IUPAC Name

zirconium(4+) ion

Traditional IUPAC Name

zirconium(4+) ion

CAS Registry Number

7440-67-7

SMILES

[Zr+4]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Zr/q+4

InChI Key

GBNDTYKAOXLLID-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Kingdom

Inorganic Compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous Metal Compounds

Class

Homogeneous Transition Metal Compounds

Sub Class

N/A

Other Descriptors

Substituents

Direct Parent

Homogeneous Transition Metal Compounds

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	1857 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
LogP	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 A²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	0	ChemAxon
Polarizability	1.78	ChemAxon
Formal Charge	4	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	4	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations

Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Urine

Tissue Location

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.00132 +/- 0.00055 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	16244392
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.00526 +/- 0.00274 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	16244392
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0.277 +/- 0.086 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal	Mandal R, Gu...
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.021 (0.004-0.083) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Bouatra, S. ...
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0012-0.0074 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Not Specified	Normal

Abnormal Concentrations

Biofluid	Status		Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference
Blood	Detected and Quantified		0.00099 +/- 0.00077 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Parkinson's disease	16244392
Blood	Detected and Quantified		0.00417 +/- 0.00186 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Parkinson's disease	16244392

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Parkinson's disease

Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. Pubmed: 16244392

Associated OMIM IDs