1. 11,21-Dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione
2. 11,21-Dihydroxyprogesterone
3. 11-Hydroxycorticoaldosterone
4. 17-Deoxycortisol
5. 4-Pregnene-11 Corticosteron
6. Corticosterone
7. Kendall's compound B
8. Reichstein's substance H

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• Cytoplasm
• endoplasmic reticulum
• mitochondria

• Blood

1. Oprica M, Zhu S, Goiny M, Pham TM, Mohammed AH, Winblad B, Bartfai T, Schultzberg M: Transgenic overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in the CNS influences behaviour, serum corticosterone and brain monoamines. Brain Behav Immun. 2005 May;19(3):223-34. [PubMed ]
2. Hajdasz P: [Mineralocorticoids in cervical mucous and female blood serum: levels in the preovulatory phase of the menstrual cycle] Ginekol Pol. 2000 Sep;71(9):1007-10. [PubMed ]
3. Ghulam A, Kouach M, Racadot A, Boersma A, Vantyghem MC, Briand G: Quantitative analysis of human serum corticosterone by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 1999 Apr 30;727(1-2):227-33. [PubMed ]
4. Pravosudov VV, Omanska A: Prolonged moderate elevation of corticosterone does not affect hippocampal anatomy or cell proliferation rates in mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli). J Neurobiol. 2005 Jan;62(1):82-91. [PubMed ]
5. Pardridge WM, Sakiyama R, Judd HL: Protein-bound corticosteroid in human serum is selectively transported into rat brain and liver in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983 Jul;57(1):160-5. [PubMed ]
6. Kahri AI, Voutilainen R, Salmenpera M: Different biological action of corticosteroids, corticosterone and cortisol, as a base of zonal function of adrenal cortex. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1979 Jun;91(2):329-37. [PubMed ]
7. Pruett SB, Fan R, Myers LP, Wu WJ, Collier S: Quantitative analysis of the neuroendocrine-immune axis: linear modeling of the effects of exogenous corticosterone and restraint stress on lymphocyte subpopulations in the spleen and thymus in female B6C3F1 mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2000 Dec;14(4):270-87. [PubMed ]
8. Evans SB, Wilkinson CW, Bentson K, Gronbeck P, Zavosh A, Figlewicz DP: PVN activation is suppressed by repeated hypoglycemia but not antecedent corticosterone in the rat. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2001 Nov;281(5):R1426-36. [PubMed ]
9. Lescoat G, Feliot J, Maniey J: [Evolution of plasma corticosterone concentration in basal conditions or after psychic aggression during growth in the Rat. Influence of neonatal gonadectomy (author's transl)] J Physiol (Paris). 1978 Dec;74(6):591-9. [PubMed ]
10. Slominski A, Zbytek B, Semak I, Sweatman T, Wortsman J: CRH stimulates POMC activity and corticosterone production in dermal fibroblasts. J Neuroimmunol. 2005 May;162(1-2):97-102. [PubMed ]
11. Kero J, Poutanen M, Zhang FP, Rahman N, McNicol AM, Nilson JH, Keri RA, Huhtaniemi IT: Elevated luteinizing hormone induces expression of its receptor and promotes steroidogenesis in the adrenal cortex. J Clin Invest. 2000 Mar;105(5):633-41. [PubMed ]
12. Wikipedia

1. Cytochrome P450 11B1, mitochondrial
2. Cytochrome P450 11B2, mitochondrial
3. 3-oxo-5-beta-steroid 4-dehydrogenase
4. Corticosteroid 11-beta-dehydrogenase isozyme 1
5. Mineralocorticoid receptor
6. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1
7. Cytochrome P450 21-hydroxylase
8. Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
9. Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2
10. Mitochondrial cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2 (Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 2)
11. cDNA, FLJ94621, Homo sapiens hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1 (HSD11B1), mRNA (Hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 1, isoform CRA_a)
12. Neutrophil defensin 4

1. CYPXIB1
2. Cytochrome P-450c11
3. Cytochrome P450C11
4. Steroid 11-beta-hydroxylase

MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN

• Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism (map00150 )
• C21 Steroid Hormone Metabolism (map00140 )

• a steroid + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R02726]

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCATGGCAGTGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACAGGCACTGGGCACGAGAGCCGCCCGGGTCCCCAGGACAGTGCTGCCCTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCAGCGTCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGGACCTGCACCTGGAAGTACACCAGACCTTCCAGGAACTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACGACTTGGGAGGAGCAGGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGACGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCCACAGGATGAGCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGCTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAATCCAGAAGTGCTGTCGCCCAACGCTGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTGGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGACCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGCGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTATCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AGCCGCCCTCAACAGTACACCAGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAATGCGGAACTGTCG
CCAGATGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACGGTG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCAACGTGCAGCAGGCCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTCCCCTTGCTGCGTGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTCTGGAGCGAGTGGTGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTGCGCGTGTTCCTCTACTCTCTGGGTCGCAACCCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGCTATAACCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCTACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTTGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCATGTGCTGAAACACCTCCAGGTGGAGACACTAACCCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCCAGCATGTTCCCCCTCCTCACCTTCAGA
GCCATCAACTAA

1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed ]
2. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Miyahara K, Yokoyama Y, Nakao K, Hosoda K, Yamamoto Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: Cloning of cDNA and genomic DNA for human cytochrome P-45011 beta. FEBS Lett. 1990 Sep 3;269(2):345-9. [PubMed ]
3. Nusbaum C, Mikkelsen TS, Zody MC, Asakawa S, Taudien S, Garber M, Kodira CD, Schueler MG, Shimizu A, Whittaker CA, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Yang X, Allen NR, Anderson S, Asakawa T, Blechschmidt K, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Butler J, Cook A, Corum B, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dooley KT, Dorris L 3rd, Engels R, Glockner G, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hall JL, Ishikawa SK, Jaffe DB, Kamat A, Kudoh J, Lehmann R, Lokitsang T, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews CD, Mauceli E, Menzel U, Mihalev AH, Minoshima S, Murayama Y, Naylor JW, Nicol R, Nguyen C, O'Leary SB, O'Neill K, Parker SC, Polley A, Raymond CK, Reichwald K, Rodriguez J, Sasaki T, Schilhabel M, Siddiqui R, Smith CL, Sneddon TP, Talamas JA, Tenzin P, Topham K, Venkataraman V, Wen G, Yamazaki S, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Rosenthal A, Birren BW, Platzer M, Shimizu N, Lander ES: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8. Nature. 2006 Jan 19;439(7074):331-5. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Naiki Y, Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Orii T, Imura H, Shizuta Y: A nonsense mutation (TGG [Trp116]-->TAG [Stop]) in CYP11B1 causes steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993 Dec;77(6):1677-82. [PubMed ]
6. Chua SC, Szabo P, Vitek A, Grzeschik KH, John M, White PC: Cloning of cDNA encoding steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P450c11). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(20):7193-7. [PubMed ]
7. Kawamoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Toda K, Yokoyama Y, Miyahara K, Miura S, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Nakao K, Imura H, et al.: Role of steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase and steroid 18-hydroxylase in the biosynthesis of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Feb 15;89(4):1458-62. [PubMed ]
8. White PC, Dupont J, New MI, Leiberman E, Hochberg Z, Rosler A: A mutation in CYP11B1 (Arg-448----His) associated with steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency in Jews of Moroccan origin. J Clin Invest. 1991 May;87(5):1664-7. [PubMed ]
9. Joehrer K, Geley S, Strasser-Wozak EM, Azziz R, Wollmann HA, Schmitt K, Kofler R, White PC: CYP11B1 mutations causing non-classic adrenal hyperplasia due to 11 beta-hydroxylase deficiency. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Oct;6(11):1829-34. [PubMed ]
10. Loidi L, Quinteiro C, Barros F, Dominguez F, Barreiro J, Pombo M: The C494F variant in the CYP11B1 gene is a sequence polymorphism in the Spanish population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Dec;84(12):4749. [PubMed ]
11. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed ]
12. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed ]

1. Aldosterone synthase
2. ALDOS
3. Aldosterone-synthesizing enzyme
4. CYPXIB2
5. Cytochrome P-450Aldo
6. Cytochrome P-450C18
7. Steroid 18-hydroxylase

MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN

• C21 Steroid Hormone Metabolism (map00140 )

• corticosterone + reduced adrenal ferredoxin + O2 = 18-hydroxycorticosterone + oxidized adrenal ferredoxin + H2O [RN:R03262]

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

ATGGCACTCAGGGCAAAGGCAGAGGTGTGCGTGGCAGCGCCCTGGCTGTCCCTGCAAAGG
GCACGGGCACTGGGCACTAGAGCCGCTCGGGCCCCTAGGACGGTGCTGCCGTTTGAAGCC
ATGCCCCAGCATCCAGGCAACAGGTGGCTGAGGCTGCTGCAGATCTGGAGGGAGCAGGGT
TATGAGCACCTGCACCTGGAGATGCACCAGACCTTCCAGGAGCTGGGGCCCATTTTCAGG
TACAACTTGGGAGGACCACGCATGGTGTGTGTGATGCTGCCGGAGGATGTGGAGAAGCTG
CAACAGGTGGACAGCCTGCATCCCTGCAGGATGATCCTGGAGCCCTGGGTGGCCTACAGA
CAACATCGTGGGCACAAATGTGGCGTGTTCTTGTTGAATGGGCCTGAATGGCGCTTCAAC
CGATTGCGGCTGAACCCAGATGTGCTGTCGCCCAAGGCCGTGCAGAGGTTCCTCCCGATG
GTGGATGCAGTGGCCAGGGACTTCTCCCAGGCCCTGAAGAAGAAGGTGCTGCAGAACGCC
CGGGGGAGCCTGACCCTGGACGTCCAGCCCAGCATCTTCCACTACACCATAGAAGCCAGC
AACTTAGCTCTTTTTGGAGAGCGGCTGGGCCTGGTTGGCCACAGCCCCAGTTCTGCCAGC
CTGAACTTCCTCCATGCCCTGGAGGTCATGTTCAAATCCACCGTCCAGCTCATGTTCATG
CCCAGGAGCCTGTCTCGCTGGATCAGCCCCAAGGTGTGGAAGGAGCACTTTGAGGCCTGG
GACTGCATCTTCCAGTACGGTGACAACTGTATCCAGAAAATCTACCAGGAACTGGCCTTC
AACCGCCCTCAACACTACACAGGCATCGTGGCGGAGCTCCTGTTGAAGGCGGAACTGTCA
CTAGAAGCCATCAAGGCCAACTCTATGGAACTCACTGCAGGGAGCGTGGACACGACAGCG
TTTCCCTTGCTGATGACGCTCTTTGAGCTGGCTCGGAACCCCGACGTGCAGCAGATCCTG
CGCCAGGAGAGCCTGGCCGCCGCAGCCAGCATCAGTGAACATCCCCAGAAGGCAACCACC
GAGCTGCCCTTGCTGCGGGCGGCCCTCAAGGAGACCTTGCGGCTCTACCCTGTGGGTCTG
TTTTTGGAGCGAGTGGTGAGCTCAGACTTGGTGCTTCAGAACTACCACATCCCAGCTGGG
ACATTGGTACAGGTTTTCCTCTACTCGCTGGGTCGCAATGCCGCCTTGTTCCCGAGGCCT
GAGCGGTATAATCCCCAGCGCTGGCTAGACATCAGGGGCTCCGGCAGGAACTTCCACCAC
GTGCCCTTTGGCTTTGGCATGCGCCAGTGCCTCGGGCGGCGCCTGGCAGAGGCAGAGATG
CTGCTGCTGCTGCACCACGTGCTGAAGCACTTCCTGGTGGAGACACTAACTCAAGAGGAC
ATAAAGATGGTCTACAGCTTCATATTGAGGCCTGGCACGTCCCCCCTCCTCACTTTCAGA
GCGATTAACTAG

1. Mornet E, Dupont J, Vitek A, White PC: Characterization of two genes encoding human steroid 11 beta-hydroxylase (P-450(11) beta). J Biol Chem. 1989 Dec 15;264(35):20961-7. [PubMed ]
2. Kawainoto T, Mitsuuchi Y, Ohnishi T, Ichikawa Y, Yokoyama Y, Sumimoto H, Toda K, Miyahara K, Kuribayashi I, Nakao K, et al.: Cloning and expression of a cDNA for human cytochrome P-450aldo as related to primary aldosteronism. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Nov 30;173(1):309-16. [PubMed ]
3. Pascoe L, Curnow KM, Slutsker L, Rosler A, White PC: Mutations in the human CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) gene causing corticosterone methyloxidase II deficiency. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jun 1;89(11):4996-5000. [PubMed ]
4. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Naiki Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Kuribayashi I, Orii T, Yasuda K, Miura K, Nakao K, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: the involvement of point mutations of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) in CMO II deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Jan 31;182(2):974-9. [PubMed ]
5. Mitsuuchi Y, Kawamoto T, Miyahara K, Ulick S, Morton DH, Naiki Y, Kuribayashi I, Toda K, Hara T, Orii T, et al.: Congenitally defective aldosterone biosynthesis in humans: inactivation of the P-450C18 gene (CYP11B2) due to nucleotide deletion in CMO I deficient patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1993 Feb 15;190(3):864-9. [PubMed ]
6. Nomoto S, Massa G, Mitani F, Ishimura Y, Miyahara K, Toda K, Nagano I, Yamashiro T, Ogoshi S, Fukata J, Onishi S, Hashimoto K, Doi Y, Imura H, Shizuta Y: CMO I deficiency caused by a point mutation in exon 8 of the human CYP11B2 gene encoding steroid 18-hydroxylase (P450C18). Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997 May 19;234(2):382-5. [PubMed ]
7. Peter M, Bunger K, Solyom J, Sippell WG: Mutation THR-185 ILE is associated with corticosterone methyl oxidase deficiency type II. Eur J Pediatr. 1998 May;157(5):378-81. [PubMed ]
8. Portrat-Doyen S, Tourniaire J, Richard O, Mulatero P, Aupetit-Faisant B, Curnow KM, Pascoe L, Morel Y: Isolated aldosterone synthase deficiency caused by simultaneous E198D and V386A mutations in the CYP11B2 gene. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Nov;83(11):4156-61. [PubMed ]
9. Tamaki S, Iwai N, Tsujita Y, Kinoshita M: Genetic polymorphism of CYP11B2 gene and hypertension in Japanese. Hypertension. 1999 Jan;33(1 Pt 2):266-70. [PubMed ]
10. Cargill M, Altshuler D, Ireland J, Sklar P, Ardlie K, Patil N, Shaw N, Lane CR, Lim EP, Kalyanaraman N, Nemesh J, Ziaugra L, Friedland L, Rolfe A, Warrington J, Lipshutz R, Daley GQ, Lander ES: Characterization of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in coding regions of human genes. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):231-8. [PubMed ]
11. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed ]
12. Kayes-Wandover KM, Schindler RE, Taylor HC, White PC: Type 1 aldosterone synthase deficiency presenting in a middle-aged man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1008-12. [PubMed ]
13. Dunlop FM, Crock PA, Montalto J, Funder JW, Curnow KM: A compound heterozygote case of type II aldosterone synthase deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2518-26. [PubMed ]

1. Aldo-keto reductase family 1 member D1
2. Delta(4)-3-ketosteroid 5-beta-reductase
3. Delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5-beta-reductase

MDLSAASHRIPLSDGNSIPIIGLGTYSEPKSTPKGACATSVKVAIDTGYRHIDGAYIYQN
EHEVGEAIREKIAEGKVRREDIFYCGKLWATNHVPEMVRPTLERTLRVLQLDYVDLYIIE
VPMAFKPGDEIYPRDENGKWLYHKSNLCATWEAMEACKDAGLVKSLGVSNFNRRQLELIL
NKPGLKHKPVSNQVECHPYFTQPKLLKFCQQHDIVITAYSPLGTSRNPIWVNVSSPPLLK
DALLNSLGKRYNKTAAQIVLRFNIQRGVVVIPKSFNLERIKENFQIFDFSLTEEEMKDIE
ALNKNVRFVELLMWRDHPEYPFHDEY

• C21 Steroid Hormone Metabolism (map00140 )

• (1) 5beta-cholestan-3-one + NADP+ = cholest-4-en-3-one + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02609]
• (2) 17,21-dihydroxy-5beta-pregnane-3,11,20-trione + NADP+ = cortisone + NADPH + H+ [RN:R02893]

• Aldo_ket_red (PF00248 )

• None

• None

ATGGATCTCAGTGCTGCAAGTCACCGCATACCTCTAAGTGATGGAAACAGCATTCCCATC
ATCGGACTTGGTACCTACTCAGAACCTAAATCGACCCCTAAGGGAGCCTGTGCAACATCG
GTGAAGGTTGCTATTGACACAGGGTACCGACATATTGATGGGGCCTACATCTACCAAAAT
GAACACGAAGTTGGGGAGGCCATCAGGGAGAAGATAGCAGAAGGAAAGGTGCGGAGGGAA
GATATCTTCTACTGTGGAAAGCTATGGGCTACAAATCATGTCCCAGAGATGGTCCGCCCA
ACCCTGGAGAGGACACTCAGGGTCCTCCAGCTAGATTATGTGGATCTTTACATCATTGAA
GTACCCATGGCCTTTAAGCCAGGAGATGAAATATACCCTAGAGATGAGAATGGCAAATGG
TTATATCACAAGTCAAATCTGTGTGCCACTTGGGAGGCGATGGAAGCTTGCAAAGACGCT
GGCTTGGTGAAATCCCTGGGAGTGTCCAATTTTAACCGCAGGCAGCTGGAGCTCATCCTG
AACAAGCCAGGACTCAAACACAAGCCAGTCAGCAACCAGGTTGAGTGCCATCCGTATTTC
ACCCAGCCAAAACTCTTGAAATTTTGCCAACAACATGACATTGTCATTACTGCATATAGC
CCTTTGGGGACCAGTAGGAATCCAATCTGGGTGAATGTTTCTTCTCCACCTTTGTTAAAG
GATGCACTTCTAAACTCATTGGGGAAAAGGTACAATAAGACAGCAGCTCAAATTGTTTTG
CGTTTCAACATCCAGCGAGGGGTGGTTGTCATTCCTAAAAGCTTTAATCTTGAAAGGATC
AAAGAAAATTTTCAGATCTTTGACTTTTCTCTCACTGAAGAAGAAATGAAGGACATTGAA
GCCTTGAATAAAAATGTCCGCTTTGTAGAATTGCTCATGTGGCGCGATCATCCTGAATAC
CCATTTCATGATGAATACTGA

1. Kondo KH, Kai MH, Setoguchi Y, Eggertsen G, Sjoblom P, Setoguchi T, Okuda KI, Bjorkhem I: Cloning and expression of cDNA of human delta 4-3-oxosteroid 5 beta-reductase and substrate specificity of the expressed enzyme. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Jan 15;219(1-2):357-63. [PubMed ]
2. Charbonneau A, The VL: Genomic organization of a human 5beta-reductase and its pseudogene and substrate selectivity of the expressed enzyme. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2001 Jan 26;1517(2):228-35. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Scherer SW, Cheung J, MacDonald JR, Osborne LR, Nakabayashi K, Herbrick JA, Carson AR, Parker-Katiraee L, Skaug J, Khaja R, Zhang J, Hudek AK, Li M, Haddad M, Duggan GE, Fernandez BA, Kanematsu E, Gentles S, Christopoulos CC, Choufani S, Kwasnicka D, Zheng XH, Lai Z, Nusskern D, Zhang Q, Gu Z, Lu F, Zeesman S, Nowaczyk MJ, Teshima I, Chitayat D, Shuman C, Weksberg R, Zackai EH, Grebe TA, Cox SR, Kirkpatrick SJ, Rahman N, Friedman JM, Heng HH, Pelicci PG, Lo-Coco F, Belloni E, Shaffer LG, Pober B, Morton CC, Gusella JF, Bruns GA, Korf BR, Quade BJ, Ligon AH, Ferguson H, Higgins AW, Leach NT, Herrick SR, Lemyre E, Farra CG, Kim HG, Summers AM, Gripp KW, Roberts W, Szatmari P, Winsor EJ, Grzeschik KH, Teebi A, Minassian BA, Kere J, Armengol L, Pujana MA, Estivill X, Wilson MD, Koop BF, Tosi S, Moore GE, Boright AP, Zlotorynski E, Kerem B, Kroisel PM, Petek E, Oscier DG, Mould SJ, Dohner H, Dohner K, Rommens JM, Vincent JB, Venter JC, Li PW, Mural RJ, Adams MD, Tsui LC: Human chromosome 7: DNA sequence and biology. Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):767-72. Epub 2003 Apr 10. [PubMed ]
5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Di Costanzo L, Drury JE, Penning TM, Christianson DW: Crystal structure of human liver Delta4-3-ketosteroid 5beta-reductase (AKR1D1) and implications for substrate binding and catalysis. J Biol Chem. 2008 Jun 13;283(24):16830-9. Epub 2008 Apr 11. [PubMed ]
7. Lemonde HA, Custard EJ, Bouquet J, Duran M, Overmars H, Scambler PJ, Clayton PT: Mutations in SRD5B1 (AKR1D1), the gene encoding delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase, in hepatitis and liver failure in infancy. Gut. 2003 Oct;52(10):1494-9. [PubMed ]
8. Gonzales E, Cresteil D, Baussan C, Dabadie A, Gerhardt MF, Jacquemin E: SRD5B1 (AKR1D1) gene analysis in delta(4)-3-oxosteroid 5beta-reductase deficiency: evidence for primary genetic defect. J Hepatol. 2004 Apr;40(4):716-8. [PubMed ]

1. 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1
2. 11-DH
3. 11-beta-HSD1

MAFMKKYLLPILGLFMAYYYYSANEEFRPEMLQGKKVIVTGASKGIGREMAYHLAKMGAH
VVVTARSKETLQKVVSHCLELGAASAHYIAGTMEDMTFAEQFVAQAGKLMGGLDMLILNH
ITNTSLNLFHDDIHHVRKSMEVNFLSYVVLTVAALPMLKQSNGSIVVVSSLAGKVAYPMV
AAYSASKFALDGFFSSIRKEYSVSRVNVSITLCVLGLIDTETAMKAVSGIVHMQAAPKEE
CALEIIKGGALRQEEVYYDSSLWTTLLIRNPCRKILEFLYSTSYNMDRFINK

• Androgen and Estrogen Metabolism (map00150 )
• C21 Steroid Hormone Metabolism (map00140 )

• an 11beta-hydroxysteroid + NADP+ = an 11-oxosteroid + NADPH + H+ [RN:R03203]

• adh_short (PF00106 )

• None

• 8-24

ATGGCTTTTATGAAAAAATATCTCCTCCCCATTCTGGGGCTCTTCATGGCCTACTACTAC
TATTCTGCAAACGAGGAATTCAGACCAGAGATGCTCCAAGGAAAGAAAGTGATTGTCACA
GGGGCCAGCAAAGGGATCGGAAGAGAGATGGCTTATCATCTGGCGAAGATGGGAGCCCAT
GTGGTGGTGACAGCGAGGTCAAAAGAAACTCTACAGAAGGTGGTATCCCACTGCCTGGAG
CTTGGAGCAGCCTCAGCACACTACATTGCTGGCACCATGGAAGACATGACCTTCGCAGAG
CAATTTGTTGCCCAAGCAGGAAAGCTCATGGGAGGACTAGACATGCTCATTCTCAACCAC
ATCACCAACACTTCTTTGAATCTTTTTCATGATGATATTCACCATGTGCGCAAAAGCATG
GAAGTCAACTTCCTCAGTTACGTGGTCCTGACTGTAGCTGCCTTGCCCATGCTGAAGCAG
AGCAATGGAAGCATTGTTGTCGTCTCCTCTCTGGCTGGGAAAGTGGCTTATCCAATGGTT
GCTGCCTATTCTGCAAGCAAGTTTGCTTTGGATGGGTTCTTCTCCTCCATCAGAAAGGAA
TATTCAGTGTCCAGGGTCAATGTATCAATCACTCTCTGTGTTCTTGGCCTCATAGACACA
GAAACAGCCATGAAGGCAGTTTCTGGGATAGTCCATATGCAAGCAGCTCCAAAGGAGGAA
TGTGCCCTGGAGATCATCAAAGGGGGAGCTCTGCGCCAAGAAGAAGTGTATTATGACAGC
TCACTCTGGACCACTCTTCTGATCAGAAATCCATGCAGGAAGATCCTGGAATTTCTCTAC
TCAACGAGCTATAATATGGACAGATTCATAAACAAGTAG

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5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
6. Odermatt A, Arnold P, Stauffer A, Frey BM, Frey FJ: The N-terminal anchor sequences of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases determine their orientation in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane. J Biol Chem. 1999 Oct 1;274(40):28762-70. [PubMed ]
7. Draper N, Walker EA, Bujalska IJ, Tomlinson JW, Chalder SM, Arlt W, Lavery GG, Bedendo O, Ray DW, Laing I, Malunowicz E, White PC, Hewison M, Mason PJ, Connell JM, Shackleton CH, Stewart PM: Mutations in the genes encoding 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase interact to cause cortisone reductase deficiency. Nat Genet. 2003 Aug;34(4):434-9. [PubMed ]
8. Frick C, Atanasov AG, Arnold P, Ozols J, Odermatt A: Appropriate function of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen is dependent on its N-terminal region sharing similar topological determinants with 50-kDa esterase. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 23;279(30):31131-8. Epub 2004 May 19. [PubMed ]
9. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed ]
10. Hosfield DJ, Wu Y, Skene RJ, Hilgers M, Jennings A, Snell GP, Aertgeerts K: Conformational flexibility in crystal structures of human 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type I provide insights into glucocorticoid interconversion and enzyme regulation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Feb 11;280(6):4639-48. Epub 2004 Oct 28. [PubMed ]
11. Sorensen B, Winn M, Rohde J, Shuai Q, Wang J, Fung S, Monzon K, Chiou W, Stolarik D, Imade H, Pan L, Deng X, Chovan L, Longenecker K, Judge R, Qin W, Brune M, Camp H, Frevert EU, Jacobson P, Link JT: Adamantane sulfone and sulfonamide 11-beta-HSD1 Inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Jan 15;17(2):527-32. Epub 2006 Oct 7. [PubMed ]
12. Yuan C, St Jean DJ Jr, Liu Q, Cai L, Li A, Han N, Moniz G, Askew B, Hungate RW, Johansson L, Tedenborg L, Pyring D, Williams M, Hale C, Chen M, Cupples R, Zhang J, Jordan S, Bartberger MD, Sun Y, Emery M, Wang M, Fotsch C: The discovery of 2-anilinothiazolones as 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2007 Nov 15;17(22):6056-61. Epub 2007 Sep 25. [PubMed ]
13. Wang H, Ruan Z, Li JJ, Simpkins LM, Smirk RA, Wu SC, Hutchins RD, Nirschl DS, Van Kirk K, Cooper CB, Sutton JC, Ma Z, Golla R, Seethala R, Salyan ME, Nayeem A, Krystek SR Jr, Sheriff S, Camac DM, Morin PE, Carpenter B, Robl JA, Zahler R, Gordon DA, Hamann LG: Pyridine amides as potent and selective inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2008 Jun 1;18(11):3168-72. Epub 2008 May 1. [PubMed ]
14. Hale C, Veniant M, Wang Z, Chen M, McCormick J, Cupples R, Hickman D, Min X, Sudom A, Xu H, Matsumoto G, Fotsch C, St Jean DJ Jr, Wang M: Structural characterization and pharmacodynamic effects of an orally active 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2008 Jan;71(1):36-44. Epub 2007 Dec 7. [PubMed ]
15. Julian LD, Wang Z, Bostick T, Caille S, Choi R, DeGraffenreid M, Di Y, He X, Hungate RW, Jaen JC, Liu J, Monshouwer M, McMinn D, Rew Y, Sudom A, Sun D, Tu H, Ursu S, Walker N, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP: Discovery of novel, potent benzamide inhibitors of 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11beta-HSD1) exhibiting oral activity in an enzyme inhibition ex vivo model. J Med Chem. 2008 Jul 10;51(13):3953-60. Epub 2008 Jun 14. [PubMed ]
16. Rew Y, McMinn DL, Wang Z, He X, Hungate RW, Jaen JC, Sudom A, Sun D, Tu H, Ursu S, Villemure E, Walker NP, Yan X, Ye Q, Powers JP: Discovery and optimization of piperidyl benzamide derivatives as a novel class of 11beta-HSD1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009 Mar 15;19(6):1797-801. Epub 2009 Jan 23. [PubMed ]
17. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]

1. MR
2. Nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 2

METKGYHSLPEGLDMERRWGQVSQAVERSSLGPTERTDENNYMEIVNVSCVSGAIPNNST
QGSSKEKQELLPCLQQDNNRPGILTSDIKTELESKELSATVAESMGLYMDSVRDADYSYE
QQNQQGSMSPAKIYQNVEQLVKFYKGNGHRPSTLSCVNTPLRSFMSDSGSSVNGGVMRAI
VKSPIMCHEKSPSVCSPLNMTSSVCSPAGINSVSSTTASFGSFPVHSPITQGTPLTCSPN
AENRGSRSHSPAHASNVGSPLSSPLSSMKSSISSPPSHCSVKSPVSSPNNVTLRSSVSSP
ANINNSRCSVSSPSNTNNRSTLSSPAASTVGSICSPVNNAFSYTASGTSAGSSTLRDVVP
SPDTQEKGAQEVPFPKTEEVESAISNGVTGQLNIVQYIKPEPDGAFSSSCLGGNSKINSD
SSFSVPIKQESTKHSCSGTSFKGNPTVNPFPFMDGSYFSFMDDKDYYSLSGILGPPVPGF
DGNCEGSGFPVGIKQEPDDGSYYPEASIPSSAIVGVNSGGQSFHYRIGAQGTISLSRSAR
DQSFQHLSSFPPVNTLVESWKSHGDLSSRRSDGYPVLEYIPENVSSSTLRSVSTGSSRPS
KICLVCGDEASGCHYGVVTCGSCKVFFKRAVEGQHNYLCAGRNDCIIDKIRRKNCPACRL
QKCLQAGMNLGARKSKKLGKLKGIHEEQPQQQQPPPPPPPPQSPEEGTTYIAPAKEPSVN
TALVPQLSTISRALTPSPVMVLENIEPEIVYAGYDSSKPDTAENLLSTLNRLAGKQMIQV
VKWAKVLPGFKNLPLEDQITLIQYSWMCLSSFALSWRSYKHTNSQFLYFAPDLVFNEEKM
HQSAMYELCQGMHQISLQFVRLQLTFEEYTIMKVLLLLSTIPKDGLKSQAAFEEMRTNYI
KELRKMVTKCPNNSGQSWQRFYQLTKLLDSMHDLVSDLLEFCFYTFRESHALKVEFPAML
VEIISDQLPKVESGNAKPLYFHRK

• Hormone_recep (PF00104 )
• zf-C4 (PF00105 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGACCAAAGGCTACCACAGTCTCCCTGAAGGTCTAGATATGGAAAGACGGTGGGGT
CAAGTTTCTCAGGCTGTGGAGCGTTCTTCCCTGGGACCTACAGAGAGGACCGATGAGAAT
AACTACATGGAGATTGTCAACGTAAGCTGTGTTTCCGGTGCTATTCCAAACAACAGTACT
CAAGGAAGCAGCAAAGAAAAACAAGAACTACTCCCTTGCCTTCAGCAAGACAATAATCGG
CCTGGGATTTTAACATCTGATATTAAAACTGAGCTGGAATCTAAGGAACTTTCAGCAACT
GTAGCTGAGTCCATGGGTTTATATATGGATTCTGTAAGAGATGCTGACTATTCCTATGAG
CAGCAGAACCAACAAGGAAGCATGAGTCCAGCTAAGATTTATCAGAATGTTGAACAGCTG
GTGAAATTTTACAAAGGAAATGGCCATCGTCCTTCCACTCTAAGTTGTGTGAACACGCCC
TTGAGATCATTTATGTCTGACTCTGGGAGCTCCGTGAATGGTGGCGTCATGCGCGCCATT
GTTAAAAGCCCTATCATGTGTCATGAGAAAAGCCCGTCTGTTTGCAGCCCTCTGAACATG
ACATCTTCGGTTTGCAGCCCTGCTGGAATCAACTCTGTGTCCTCCACCACAGCCAGCTTT
GGCAGTTTTCCAGTGCACAGCCCAATCACCCAGGGAACTCCTCTGACATGCTCCCCTAAT
GCTGAAAATCGAGGCTCCAGGTCGCACAGCCCTGCACATGCTAGCAATGTGGGCTCTCCT
CTCTCAAGTCCGTTAAGTAGCATGAAATCCTCAATTTCCAGCCCTCCAAGTCACTGCAGT
GTAAAATCTCCAGTCTCCAGTCCCAATAATGTCACTCTGAGATCCTCTGTGTCTAGCCCT
GCAAATATTAACAACTCAAGGTGCTCTGTTTCCAGCCCTTCGAACACTAATAACAGATCC
ACGCTTTCCAGTCCGGCAGCCAGTACTGTGGGATCTATCTGTAGCCCTGTAAACAATGCC
TTCAGCTACACTGCTTCTGGCACCTCTGCTGGATCCAGTACATTGCGGGATGTGGTTCCC
AGTCCAGACACGCAGGAGAAAGGTGCTCAAGAGGTCCCTTTTCCTAAGACTGAGGAAGTA
GAGAGTGCCATCTCAAATGGTGTGACTGGCCAGCTTAATATTGTCCAGTACATAAAACCA
GAACCAGATGGAGCTTTTAGCAGCTCATGTCTAGGAGGAAATAGCAAAATAAATTCGGAT
TCTTCATTCTCAGTACCAATAAAGCAAGAATCAACCAAGCATTCATGTTCAGGCACCTCT
TTTAAAGGGAATCCAACAGTAAACCCGTTTCCATTTATGGATGGCTCGTATTTTTCCTTT
ATGGATGATAAAGACTATTATTCCCTATCAGGAATTTTAGGACCACCTGTGCCCGGCTTT
GATGGTAACTGTGAAGGCAGCGGATTCCCAGTGGGTATTAAACAAGAACCAGATGACGGG
AGCTATTACCCAGAGGCCAGCATCCCTTCCTCTGCTATTGTTGGGGTGAATTCAGGTGGA
CAGTCCTTCCACTACAGGATTGGTGCTCAAGGTACAATATCTTTATCACGATCGGCTAGA
GACCAATCTTTCCAACACCTGAGTTCCTTTCCTCCTGTCAATACTTTAGTGGAGTCATGG
AAATCACACGGCGACCTGTCGTCTAGAAGAAGTGATGGGTATCCGGTCTTAGAATACATT
CCAGAAAATGTATCAAGCTCTACTTTACGAAGTGTTTCTACTGGATCTTCAAGACCTTCA
AAAATATGTTTGGTGTGTGGGGATGAGGCTTCAGGATGCCATTATGGGGTAGTCACCTGT
GGCAGCTGCAAAGTTTTCTTCAAAAGAGCAGTGGAAGGGCAACACAACTATTTATGTGCT
GGAAGAAATGATTGCATCATTGATAAGATTCGACGAAAGAATTGTCCTGCTTGCAGACTT
CAGAAATGTCTTCAAGCTGGAATGAATTTAGGAGCACGAAAGTCAAAGAAGTTGGGAAAG
TTAAAAGGGATTCACGAGGAGCAGCCACAGCAGCAGCAGCCCCCACCCCCACCCCCACCC
CCGCAAAGCCCAGAGGAAGGGACAACGTACATCGCTCCTGCAAAAGAACCCTCGGTCAAC
ACAGCACTGGTTCCTCAGCTCTCCACAATCTCACGAGCGCTCACACCTTCCCCCGTTATG
GTCCTTGAAAACATTGAACCTGAAATTGTATATGCAGGCTATGACAGCTCAAAACCAGAT
ACAGCCGAAAATCTGCTCTCCACGCTCAACCGCTTAGCAGGCAAACAGATGATCCAAGTC
GTGAAGTGGGCAAAGGTACTTCCAGGATTTAAAAACTTGCCTCTTGAGGACCAAATTACC
CTAATCCAGTATTCTTGGATGTGTCTATCATCATTTGCCTTGAGCTGGAGATCGTACAAA
CATACGAACAGCCAATTTCTCTATTTTGCACCAGACCTAGTCTTTAATGAAGAGAAGATG
CATCAGTCTGCCATGTATGAACTATGCCAGGGGATGCACCAAATCAGCCTTCAGTTCGTT
CGACTGCAGCTCACCTTTGAAGAATACACCATCATGAAAGTTTTGCTGCTACTAAGCACA
ATTCCAAAGGATGGCCTCAAAAGCCAGGCTGCATTTGAAGAAATGAGGACAAATTACATC
AAAGAACTGAGGAAGATGGTAACTAAGTGTCCCAACAATTCTGGGCAGAGCTGGCAGAGG
TTCTACCAACTGACCAAGCTGCTGGACTCCATGCATGACCTGGTGAGCGACCTGCTGGAA
TTCTGCTTCTACACCTTCCGAGAGTCCCATGCGCTGAAGGTAGAGTTCCCCGCAATGCTG
GTGGAGATCATCAGCGACCAGCTGCCCAAGGTGGAGTCGGGGAACGCCAAGCCGCTCTAC
TTCCACCGGAAGTGA

1. Arriza JL, Weinberger C, Cerelli G, Glaser TM, Handelin BL, Housman DE, Evans RM: Cloning of human mineralocorticoid receptor complementary DNA: structural and functional kinship with the glucocorticoid receptor. Science. 1987 Jul 17;237(4812):268-75. [PubMed ]
2. Zennaro MC, Souque A, Viengchareun S, Poisson E, Lombes M: A new human MR splice variant is a ligand-independent transactivator modulating corticosteroid action. Mol Endocrinol. 2001 Sep;15(9):1586-98. [PubMed ]
3. Hillier LW, Graves TA, Fulton RS, Fulton LA, Pepin KH, Minx P, Wagner-McPherson C, Layman D, Wylie K, Sekhon M, Becker MC, Fewell GA, Delehaunty KD, Miner TL, Nash WE, Kremitzki C, Oddy L, Du H, Sun H, Bradshaw-Cordum H, Ali J, Carter J, Cordes M, Harris A, Isak A, van Brunt A, Nguyen C, Du F, Courtney L, Kalicki J, Ozersky P, Abbott S, Armstrong J, Belter EA, Caruso L, Cedroni M, Cotton M, Davidson T, Desai A, Elliott G, Erb T, Fronick C, Gaige T, Haakenson W, Haglund K, Holmes A, Harkins R, Kim K, Kruchowski SS, Strong CM, Grewal N, Goyea E, Hou S, Levy A, Martinka S, Mead K, McLellan MD, Meyer R, Randall-Maher J, Tomlinson C, Dauphin-Kohlberg S, Kozlowicz-Reilly A, Shah N, Swearengen-Shahid S, Snider J, Strong JT, Thompson J, Yoakum M, Leonard S, Pearman C, Trani L, Radionenko M, Waligorski JE, Wang C, Rock SM, Tin-Wollam AM, Maupin R, Latreille P, Wendl MC, Yang SP, Pohl C, Wallis JW, Spieth J, Bieri TA, Berkowicz N, Nelson JO, Osborne J, Ding L, Meyer R, Sabo A, Shotland Y, Sinha P, Wohldmann PE, Cook LL, Hickenbotham MT, Eldred J, Williams D, Jones TA, She X, Ciccarelli FD, Izaurralde E, Taylor J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Cox DR, Huang X, McPherson JD, Mardis ER, Clifton SW, Warren WC, Chinwalla AT, Eddy SR, Marra MA, Ovcharenko I, Furey TS, Miller W, Eichler EE, Bork P, Suyama M, Torrents D, Waterston RH, Wilson RK: Generation and annotation of the DNA sequences of human chromosomes 2 and 4. Nature. 2005 Apr 7;434(7034):724-31. [PubMed ]
4. Geller DS, Rodriguez-Soriano J, Vallo Boado A, Schifter S, Bayer M, Chang SS, Lifton RP: Mutations in the mineralocorticoid receptor gene cause autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type I. Nat Genet. 1998 Jul;19(3):279-81. [PubMed ]
5. Alnemri ES, Maksymowych AB, Robertson NM, Litwack G: Overexpression and characterization of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 1991 Sep 25;266(27):18072-81. [PubMed ]
6. Bloem LJ, Guo C, Pratt JH: Identification of a splice variant of the rat and human mineralocorticoid receptor genes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 1995 Nov;55(2):159-62. [PubMed ]
7. Zennaro MC, Farman N, Bonvalet JP, Lombes M: Tissue-specific expression of alpha and beta messenger ribonucleic acid isoforms of the human mineralocorticoid receptor in normal and pathological states. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 May;82(5):1345-52. [PubMed ]
8. Bruner KL, Derfoul A, Robertson NM, Guerriero G, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES, Litwack G: The unliganded mineralocorticoid receptor is associated with heat shock proteins 70 and 90 and the immunophilin FKBP-52. Recept Signal Transduct. 1997;7(2):85-98. [PubMed ]
9. Lupo B, Mesnier D, Auzou G: Cysteines 849 and 942 of human mineralocorticoid receptor are crucial for steroid binding. Biochemistry. 1998 Sep 1;37(35):12153-9. [PubMed ]
10. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Mechanistic aspects of mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Kidney Int. 2000 Apr;57(4):1250-5. [PubMed ]
11. Hellal-Levy C, Fagart J, Souque A, Wurtz JM, Moras D, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crucial role of the H11-H12 loop in stabilizing the active conformation of the human mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol. 2000 Aug;14(8):1210-21. [PubMed ]
12. Odermatt A, Arnold P, Frey FJ: The intracellular localization of the mineralocorticoid receptor is regulated by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2. J Biol Chem. 2001 Jul 27;276(30):28484-92. Epub 2001 May 11. [PubMed ]
13. Bledsoe RK, Madauss KP, Holt JA, Apolito CJ, Lambert MH, Pearce KH, Stanley TB, Stewart EL, Trump RP, Willson TM, Williams SP: A ligand-mediated hydrogen bond network required for the activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem. 2005 Sep 2;280(35):31283-93. Epub 2005 Jun 20. [PubMed ]
14. Li Y, Suino K, Daugherty J, Xu HE: Structural and biochemical mechanisms for the specificity of hormone binding and coactivator assembly by mineralocorticoid receptor. Mol Cell. 2005 Aug 5;19(3):367-80. [PubMed ]
15. Fagart J, Huyet J, Pinon GM, Rochel M, Mayer C, Rafestin-Oblin ME: Crystal structure of a mutant mineralocorticoid receptor responsible for hypertension. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2005 Jun;12(6):554-5. Epub 2005 May 22. [PubMed ]
16. Halushka MK, Fan JB, Bentley K, Hsie L, Shen N, Weder A, Cooper R, Lipshutz R, Chakravarti A: Patterns of single-nucleotide polymorphisms in candidate genes for blood-pressure homeostasis. Nat Genet. 1999 Jul;22(3):239-47. [PubMed ]
17. Tajima T, Kitagawa H, Yokoya S, Tachibana K, Adachi M, Nakae J, Suwa S, Katoh S, Fujieda K: A novel missense mutation of mineralocorticoid receptor gene in one Japanese family with a renal form of pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Dec;85(12):4690-4. [PubMed ]
18. Geller DS, Farhi A, Pinkerton N, Fradley M, Moritz M, Spitzer A, Meinke G, Tsai FT, Sigler PB, Lifton RP: Activating mineralocorticoid receptor mutation in hypertension exacerbated by pregnancy. Science. 2000 Jul 7;289(5476):119-23. [PubMed ]
19. Arai K, Nakagomi Y, Iketani M, Shimura Y, Amemiya S, Ohyama K, Shibasaki T: Functional polymorphisms in the mineralocorticoid receptor and amirolide-sensitive sodium channel genes in a patient with sporadic pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Genet. 2003 Jan;112(1):91-7. Epub 2002 Oct 25. [PubMed ]
20. Sartorato P, Lapeyraque AL, Armanini D, Kuhnle U, Khaldi Y, Salomon R, Abadie V, Di Battista E, Naselli A, Racine A, Bosio M, Caprio M, Poulet-Young V, Chabrolle JP, Niaudet P, De Gennes C, Lecornec MH, Poisson E, Fusco AM, Loli P, Lombes M, Zennaro MC: Different inactivating mutations of the mineralocorticoid receptor in fourteen families affected by type I pseudohypoaldosteronism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2508-17. [PubMed ]
21. Riepe FG, Finkeldei J, de Sanctis L, Einaudi S, Testa A, Karges B, Peter M, Viemann M, Grotzinger J, Sippell WG, Fejes-Toth G, Krone N: Elucidating the underlying molecular pathogenesis of NR3C2 mutants causing autosomal dominant pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4552-61. Epub 2006 Sep 5. [PubMed ]
22. Sjoblom T, Jones S, Wood LD, Parsons DW, Lin J, Barber TD, Mandelker D, Leary RJ, Ptak J, Silliman N, Szabo S, Buckhaults P, Farrell C, Meeh P, Markowitz SD, Willis J, Dawson D, Willson JK, Gazdar AF, Hartigan J, Wu L, Liu C, Parmigiani G, Park BH, Bachman KE, Papadopoulos N, Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, Velculescu VE: The consensus coding sequences of human breast and colorectal cancers. Science. 2006 Oct 13;314(5797):268-74. Epub 2006 Sep 7. [PubMed ]
23. Pujo L, Fagart J, Gary F, Papadimitriou DT, Claes A, Jeunemaitre X, Zennaro MC: Mineralocorticoid receptor mutations are the principal cause of renal type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism. Hum Mutat. 2007 Jan;28(1):33-40. [PubMed ]

1. Cytochrome P450, family 11, subfamily B, polypeptide 1, isoform CRA_a

MALRAKAEVCMAVPWLSLQRAQALGTRAARVPRTVLPFEAMPRRPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEDLHLEVHQTFQELGPIFRYDLGGAGMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPHRMSLEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPEVLSPNAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWTSPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFSRPQQYTSIVAELLLNAELS
PDAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTVFPLLMTLFELARNPNVQQALRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVASSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVRVFLYSLGRNPALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFYHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHLQVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPSMFPLLTFRAIN

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

1. Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, Derge JG, Klausner RD, Collins FS, Wagner L, Shenmen CM, Schuler GD, Altschul SF, Zeeberg B, Buetow KH, Schaefer CF, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Jordan H, Moore T, Max SI, Wang J, Hsieh F, Diatchenko L, Marusina K, Farmer AA, Rubin GM, Hong L, Stapleton M, Soares MB, Bonaldo MF, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brownstein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Prange C, Raha SS, Loquellano NA, Peters GJ, Abramson RD, Mullahy SJ, Bosak SA, McEwan PJ, McKernan KJ, Malek JA, Gunaratne PH, Richards S, Worley KC, Hale S, Garcia AM, Gay LJ, Hulyk SW, Villalon DK, Muzny DM, Sodergren EJ, Lu X, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madan A, Young AC, Shevchenko Y, Bouffard GG, Blakesley RW, Touchman JW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Krzywinski MI, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Marra MA: Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Dec 24;99(26):16899-903. Epub 2002 Dec 11. [PubMed ]

1. SubName: Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2
2. SubName: Cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2, isoform CRA_b
3. SubName: DJ34F7.3 (Cytochrome P450, subfamily XXIA (Steroid 21-hydroxylase, congenital adrenal hyperplasia), polypeptide 2 (CYP21, P450c21B))
4. SubName: Steroid 21-hydroxylase
5. SubName: cDNA, FLJ95495, Homo sapiens cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily A, polypeptide 2(CYP21A2), mRNA

MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLRSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCGGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA

1. Xie T, Rowen L, Aguado B, Ahearn ME, Madan A, Qin S, Campbell RD, Hood L: Analysis of the gene-dense major histocompatibility complex class III region and its comparison to mouse. Genome Res. 2003 Dec;13(12):2621-36. [PubMed ]
2. Blasko B, Banlaki Z, Gyapay G, Pozsonyi E, Sasvari-Szekely M, Rajczy K, Fust G, Szilagyi A: Linkage analysis of the C4A/C4B copy number variation and polymorphisms of the adjacent steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in a healthy population. Mol Immunol. 2009 Aug;46(13):2623-9. Epub 2009 Jun 7. [PubMed ]

MLLLGLLLLLPLLAGARLLWNWWKLQSLHLPPLAPGFLHLLQPDLPIYLLGLTQKFGPIY
RLHLGLQDVVVLNSKRTIEEAMVKKWADFAGRPEPLTYKLVSRNYPDLSLGDYSLLWKAH
KKLTRSALLLGIRDSMEPVVEQLTQEFCERMRAQPGTPVAIEEEFSLLTCSIICYLTFGD
KIKDDNLMPAYYKCIQEVLKTWSHWSIQIVDVIPFLRFFPNPGLRRLKQAIEKRDHIVEM
QLRQHKESLVAGQWRDMMDYMLQGVAQPSMEEGSGQLLEGHVHMAAVDLLIGGTETTANT
LSWAVVFLLHHPEIQQRLQEELDHELGPGASSSRVPYKDRARLPLLNATIAEVLRLRPVV
PLALPHRTTRPSSISGYDIPEGTVIIPNLQGAHLDETVWERPHEFWPDRFLEPGKNSRAL
AFGCGARVCLGEPLARLELFVVLTRLLQAFTLLPSGDALPSLQPLPHCSVILKMQPFQVR
LQPRGMGAHSPGQSQ

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

ATGCTGCTCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCTGCCCCTGCTGGCTGGCGCCCGCCTGCTGTGG
AACTGGTGGAAGCTCCAGAGCCTCCACCTCCCGCCTCTTGCCCCGGGCTTCTTGCACTTG
CTGCAGCCCGACCTCCCAATCTATCTGCTTGGCCTGACTCAGAAATTCGGGCCCATCTAC
AGGCTCCACCTTGGGCTGCAAGATGTGGTGGTGCTGAACTCCAAGAGGACCATTGAGGAA
GCCATGGTCAAAAAGTGGGCAGACTTTGCTGGCAGACCTGAGCCACTTACCTACAAGCTG
GTGTCTAGGAACTACCCGGACCTGTCCTTGGGAGACTACTCCCTGCTCTGGAAAGCCCAC
AAGAAGCTCACCCGCTCAGCCCTGCTGCTGGGCATCCGTGACTCCATGGAGCCAGTGGTG
GAGCAGCTGACCCAGGAGTTCTGTGAGCGCATGAGAGCCCAGCCCGGCACCCCTGTGGCC
ATTGAGGAGGAATTCTCTCTCCTCACCTGCAGCATCATCTGTTACCTCACCTTCGGAGAC
AAGATCAAGGACGACAACTTAATGCCTGCCTATTACAAATGTATCCAGGAGGTGTTAAAA
ACCTGGAGCCACTGGTCCATCCAAATTGTGGACGTGATTCCCTTTCTCAGGTTCTTCCCC
AATCCAGGTCTCCGGAGGCTGAAGCAGGCCATAGAGAAGAGGGATCACATCGTGGAGATG
CAGCTGAGGCAGCACAAGGAGAGCCTCGTGGCAGGCCAGTGGAGGGACATGATGGACTAC
ATGCTCCAAGGGGTGGCGCAGCCGAGCATGGAAGAGGGCTCTGGACAGCTCCTGGAAGGG
CACGTGCACATGGCTGCAGTGGACCTCCTGATCGGTGGCACTGAGACCACAGCAAACACC
CTCTCCTGGGCCGTGGTTTTTTTGCTTCACCACCCTGAGATTCAGCAGCGACTGCAGGAG
GAGCTAGACCACGAACTGGGCCCTGGTGCCTCCAGCTCCCGGGTCCCCTACAAGGACCGT
GCACGGCTGCCCTTGCTCAATGCCACCATCGCCGAGGTGCTGCGCCTGCGGCCCGTTGTG
CCCTTAGCCTTGCCCCACCGCACCACACGGCCCAGCAGCATCTCCGGCTACGACATCCCT
GAGGGCACAGTCATCATTCCGAACCTCCAAGGCGCCCACCTGGATGAGACGGTCTGGGAG
AGGCCACATGAGTTCTGGCCTGATCGCTTCCTGGAGCCAGGCAAGAACTCCAGAGCTCTG
GCCTTCGGCTGCGGTGCCCGCGTGTGCCTGGGCGAGCCGCTGGCGCGCCTGGAGCTCTTC
GTGGTGCTGACCCGACTGCTGCAGGCCTTCACGCTGCTGCCCTCCGGGGACGCCCTGCCC
TCCCTGCAGCCCCTGCCCCACTGCAGTGTCATCCTCAAGATGCAGCCTTTCCAAGTGCGG
CTGCAGCCCCGGGGGATGGGGGCCCACAGCCCGGGCCAGAGCCAGTGA

1. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

MERWPWPSGGAWLLVAARALLQLLRSDLRLGRPLLAALALLAALDWLCQRLLPPPAALAV
LAAAGWIALSRLARPQRLPVATRAVLITGCDSGFGKETAKKLDSMGFTVLATVLELNSPG
AIELRTCCSPRLRLLQMDLTKPGDISRVLEFTKAHTTSTGLWGLVNNAGHNEVVADAELS
PVATFRSCMEVNFFGALELTKGLLPLLRSSRGRIVTVGSPAGDMPYPCLGAYGTSKAAVA
LLMDTFSCELLPWGVKVSIIQPGCFKTESVRNVGQWEKRKQLLLANLPQELLQAYGKDYI
EHLHGQFLHSLRLAMSDLTPVVDAITDALLAARPRRRYYPGQGLGLMYFIHYYLPEGLRR
RFLQAFFISHCLPRALQPGQPGTTPPQDAAQDPNLSPGPSPAVAR

• adh_short (PF00106 )

• None

• None

ATGGAGCGCTGGCCTTGGCCGTCGGGCGGCGCCTGGCTGCTCGTGGCTGCCCGCGCGCTG
CTGCAGCTGCTGCGCTCAGACCTGCGTCTGGGCCGCCCGCTGCTGGCGGCGCTGGCGCTG
CTGGCCGCGCTCGACTGGCTGTGCCAGCGCCTGCTGCCCCCGCCGGCCGCACTCGCCGTG
CTGGCCGCCGCCGGCTGGATCGCGTTGTCCCGCCTGGCGCGCCCGCAGCGCCTGCCGGTG
GCCACTCGCGCGGTGCTCATCACCGGCTGTGACTCTGGTTTTGGCAAGGAGACGGCCAAG
AAACTGGACTCCATGGGCTTCACGGTGCTGGCCACCGTATTGGAGTTGAACAGCCCCGGT
GCCATCGAGCTGCGTACCTGCTGCTCCCCTCGCCTAAGGCTGCTGCAGATGGACCTGACC
AAACCAGGAGACATTAGCCGCGTGCTAGAGTTCACCAAGGCCCACACCACCAGCACCGGC
CTGTGGGGCCTCGTCAACAACGCAGGCCACAATGAAGTAGTTGCTGATGCGGAGCTGTCT
CCAGTGGCCACTTTCCGTAGCTGCATGGAGGTGAATTTCTTTGGCGCGCTCGAGCTGACC
AAGGGCCTCCTGCCCCTGCTGCGCAGCTCAAGGGGCCGCATCGTGACTGTGGGGAGCCCA
GCGGGGGACATGCCATATCCGTGCTTGGGGGCCTATGGAACCTCCAAAGCGGCCGTGGCG
CTACTCATGGACACATTCAGCTGTGAACTCCTTCCCTGGGGGGTCAAGGTCAGCATCATC
CAGCCTGGCTGCTTCAAGACAGAGTCAGTGAGAAACGTGGGTCAGTGGGAAAAGCGCAAG
CAATTGCTGCTGGCCAACCTGCCTCAAGAGCTGCTGCAGGCCTACGGCAAGGACTACATC
GAGCACTTGCATGGGCAGTTCCTGCACTCGCTACGCCTGGCCATGTCCGACCTCACCCCA
GTTGTAGATGCCATCACAGATGCGCTGCTGGCAGCTCGGCCCCGCCGCCGCTATTACCCC
GGCCAGGGCCTGGGGCTCATGTACTTCATCCACTACTACCTGCCTGAAGGCCTGCGGCGC
CGCTTCCTGCAGGCCTTCTTCATCAGTCACTGTCTGCCTCGAGCACTGCAGCCTGGCCAG
CCTGGCACTACCCCACCACAGGACGCAGCCCAGGACCCAAACCTGAGCCCCGGCCCTTCC
CCAGCAGTGGCTCGGTGA

MALRAKAEVCVAAPWLSLQRARALGTRAARAPRTVLPFEAMPQHPGNRWLRLLQIWREQG
YEHLHLEMHQTFQELGPIFRYNLGGPRMVCVMLPEDVEKLQQVDSLHPCRMILEPWVAYR
QHRGHKCGVFLLNGPEWRFNRLRLNPDVLSPKAVQRFLPMVDAVARDFSQALKKKVLQNA
RGSLTLDVQPSIFHYTIEASNLALFGERLGLVGHSPSSASLNFLHALEVMFKSTVQLMFM
PRSLSRWISPKVWKEHFEAWDCIFQYGDNCIQKIYQELAFNRPQHYTGIVAELLLKAELS
LEAIKANSMELTAGSVDTTAFPLLMTLFELARNPDVQQILRQESLAAAASISEHPQKATT
ELPLLRAALKETLRLYPVGLFLERVVSSDLVLQNYHIPAGTLVQVFLYSLGRNAALFPRP
ERYNPQRWLDIRGSGRNFHHVPFGFGMRQCLGRRLAEAEMLLLLHHVLKHFLVETLTQED
IKMVYSFILRPGTSPLLTFRAIN

• p450 (PF00067 )

• None

• None

MAFMKKYLLPILGLFMAYYYYSANEEFRPEMLQGKKVIVTGASKGIGREMAYHLAKMGAH
VVVTARSKETLQKVVSHCLELGAASAHYIAGTMEDMTFAEQFVAQAGKLMGGLDMLILNH
ITNTSLNLFHDDIHHVRKSMEVNFLSYVVLTVAALPMLKQSNGSIVVVSSLAGKVAYPMV
AAYSASKFALDGFFSSIRKEYSVSRVNVSITLCVLGLIDTETAMKAVSGIVHMQAAPKEE
CALEIIKGGALRQEEVYYDSSLWTTLLIRNPCRKILEFLYSTSYNMDRFINK

• adh_short (PF00106 )

• None

• None

1. Defensin, alpha 4
2. HNP-4
3. HP-4

MRIIALLAAILLVALQVRAGPLQARGDEAPGQEQRGPEDQDISISFAWDKSSALQVSGST
RGMVCSCRLVFCRRTELRVGNCLIGGVSFTYCCTRVD

• Defensin_1 (PF00323 )
• Defensin_propep (PF00879 )

• 1-19

• None

ATGAGGATTATCGCCCTCCTCGCTGCTATTCTCTTGGTAGCCCTCCAGGTCCGGGCAGGC
CCACTCCAGGCAAGAGGTGATGAGGCTCCAGGCCAGGAGCAGCGTGGGCCAGAAGACCAG
GACATATCTATTTCCTTTGCATGGGATAAAAGCTCTGCTCTTCAGGTTTCAGGCTCAACA
AGGGGCATGGTCTGCTCTTGCAGATTAGTATTCTGCCGGCGAACAGAACTTCGTGTTGGG
AACTGCCTCATTGGTGGTGTGAGTTTCACATACTGCTGCACGCGTGTCGATTAA

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