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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Glucose 1-phosphate (HMDB01586)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2005-11-20 22:13:08
Update Date 2011-07-06 14:07:04
Accession Number HMDB01586
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB01306
Common Name Glucose 1-phosphate
Description The direct product of the reaction in which glycogen phosphorylase cleaves off a molecule of glucose from a greater glycogen structure. It cannot travel down many metabolic pathways and must be interconverted by the enzyme phosphoglucomutase in order to become glucose 6-phosphate. Free glucose 1-phosphate can also react with UTP to form UDP-glucose. It can then return to the greater glycogen structure via glycogen synthase.
Synonyms
  1. Cori ester
  2. D-Glucopyranose 1-phosphate
  3. D-Glucose-1-phosphate
  4. D-glucose 1-phosphate
  5. D-glucose-1-P
  6. Glucose 1-phosphate
  7. Glucose 1-phosphic acid
  8. Glucose monophosphate
  9. Glucose-1-phosphate
  10. a-D-Glucopyranosyl phosphate
  11. a-D-Glucose 1-phosphate
  12. glucose-1P
  13. alpha-d-glucose-1-phosphate
  14. delta-Glucopyranose 1-phosphate
  15. delta-Glucose-1-phosphate
  16. delta-glucose 1-phosphate
  17. delta-glucose-1-P
  18. alpha-delta-Glucopyranosyl phosphate
  19. alpha-delta-Glucose 1-phosphate
  20. alpha-delta-glucose-1-phosphate
  21. alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl phosphate
  22. alpha-D-Glucose 1-phosphate
Chemical IUPAC Name [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphosphonic acid
Chemical Formula C6H13O9P
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate conjugates
Class
  • Sugar Phosphates
Sub Class
  • Monosaccharide phosphates
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • phosphoric acid ester
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
  • Component of Starch and sucrose metabolism
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 260.136
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 260.029724
Isomeric SMILES OC[C@H]1OC(OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Canonical SMILES OCC1OC(OP(O)(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C1O
KEGG Compound ID C00103 Link Image
BioCyc ID GLC-1-P Link Image
BiGG ID 33865 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Glucose 1-phosphate Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB01586 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB01586 Link Image
METLIN ID 6331 Link Image
PubChem Compound 65533 Link Image
PubChem Substance 841543 Link Image
ChEBI ID 29042 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 59-56-3
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C6H13O9P/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(14-2)15-16(11,12)13/h2-10H,1H2,(H2,11,12,13)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6?/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Weinhausel, Andreas; Nidetzky, Bernd; Kysela, Christian; Kulbe, Klaus D. Application of Escherichia coli maltodextrin-phosphorylase for the continuous production of glucose-1-phosphate. Enzyme and Microbial Technology (1995), 17(2), 140-6.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility 1000.0 mg/mL [MERCK INDEX (1996)] Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 32.3 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -2
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -2.00 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -3.8 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP]; -3.79 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Varian)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Download Spectrum
Download FID (Bruker)
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum
Low Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Medium Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
High Energy
Download File
Show Experimental Conditions Link Image
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
BMRB Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location
Tissue References
Fibroblasts
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Galactose Metabolism SMP00043 Link Image map00052 Link Image
Gluconeogenesis SMP00128 Link Image map00010 Link Image
Glycolysis SMP00040 Link Image map00010 Link Image
Lactose Synthesis SMP00444 Link Image
Nucleotide Sugars Metabolism SMP00010 Link Image map00520 Link Image
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism SMP00058 Link Image map00500 Link Image
General References
  1. Kamei A: Glycation and insolubility of human lens protein. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1992 Oct;40(10):2787-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bollaert PE, Levy B, Nace L, Laterre PF, Larcan A: Hemodynamic and metabolic effects of rapid correction of hypophosphatemia in patients with septic shock. Chest. 1995 Jun;107(6):1698-701. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Reinken L, Obladen M, Dockx-Reinken F, Lindemann C: [The effect of osteopenia prevention in very small premature infants on hormonal parameters of calcium metabolism and bone mineralization] Klin Padiatr. 1989 May-Jun;201(3):177-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Nakashima H, Suo H, Ochiai J, Sugie H, Kawamura Y: [A case of adult onset phosphoglucomutase deficiency] Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 1992 Jan;32(1):42-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yamada Y, Kono N, Nakajima H, Shimizu T, Kiyokawa H, Kawachi M, Ono A, Nishimura T, Kuwajima M, Tarui S: Low glucose-1, 6-bisphosphate and high fructose-2, 6-bisphosphate concentrations in muscles of patients with glycogenosis types VII and V. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Apr 15;176(1):7-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Leuzzi R, Fulceri R, Marcolongo P, Banhegyi G, Zammarchi E, Stafford K, Burchell A, Benedetti A: Glucose 6-phosphate transport in fibroblast microsomes from glycogen storage disease type 1b patients: evidence for multiple glucose 6-phosphate transport systems. Biochem J. 2001 Jul 15;357(Pt 2):557-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kamei A, Kato M: Contribution of glycation to human lens coloration. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 1991 May;39(5):1272-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Mahadevan-Jansen A, Mitchell MF, Ramanujam N, Malpica A, Thomsen S, Utzinger U, Richards-Kortum R: Near-infrared Raman spectroscopy for in vitro detection of cervical precancers. Photochem Photobiol. 1998 Jul;68(1):123-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kodentsova VM, Glinka EIu: [Changes in kinetic properties of pyridoxal-dependent enzymes during dietary vitamin B6 deficiency in rats] Ukr Biokhim Zh. 1990 Jan-Feb;62(1):44-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Gannon MC, Khan MA, Nuttall FQ: Glucose appearance rate after the ingestion of galactose. Metabolism. 2001 Jan;50(1):93-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Chen YT, Kato T: Liver-specific glucose-6-phosphatase is not present in human placenta. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1985;8(2):92-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Krause EG, Will H, Bohm M, Wollenberger A: The assay of glycogen phosphorylase in human blood serum and its application to the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. Clin Chim Acta. 1975 Jan 20;58(2):145-54. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Suzuki K, Kayamori Y, Katayama Y: Development of an enzymatic method for the assay of serum magnesium using phosphoglucomutase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Clin Biochem. 1991 Jun;24(3):249-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Lang A, Groebe H, Hellkuhl B, von Figura K: A new variant of galactosemia: galactose-1-phosphate uridylytransferase sensitive to product inhibition by glucose 1-phosphate. Pediatr Res. 1980 May;14(5):729-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Gella FJ, Cusso R: Glycogen phosphorylase from normal and leukemic human leucocytes: kinetic parameters of the active form. Rev Esp Fisiol. 1980 Mar;36(1):1-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Pezzarossa A, Cavazzini G, Coscelli C, Butturini U: [Modifications induced by glucose-1-phosphate on carbohydrate utilization curve after venous loading. Results in normal subjects (preliminary note)] Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1972 Jun 30;48(12):318-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Lai K, Elsas LJ: Structure-function analyses of a common mutation in blacks with transferase-deficiency galactosemia. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Sep-Oct;74(1-2):264-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Palombi M, Bochicchio O, Gargiulo M, Sammarco M: [Alternative therapy of deep venous thrombosis in patients at hemorrhagic risk] Minerva Chir. 1994 Mar;49(3):189-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Arthur PG, Kent JC, Hartmann PE: Microanalysis of the metabolic intermediates of lactose synthesis in human milk and plasma using bioluminescent methods. Anal Biochem. 1989 Feb 1;176(2):449-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Lederer B, Van Hoof F, Van den Berghe G, Hers H: Glycogen phosphorylase and its converter enzymes in haemolysates of normal human subjects and of patients with type VI glycogen-storage disease. A study of phosphorylase kinase deficiency. Biochem J. 1975 Apr;147(1):23-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1
  2. Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3
  3. Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
  4. Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
  5. Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
  6. UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
  7. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
  8. Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase
  9. Phosphoglucomutase-1
  10. Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase
  11. Glucosylceramidase
  12. Phosphoglucomutase-2
  13. cDNA FLJ77760, highly similar to Homo sapiens glucosidase, beta; acid
  14. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
  15. cDNA, FLJ95330, Homo sapiens phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), mRNA (Phosphoglucomutase 3, isoform CRA_d)
  16. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5351
Enzyme 1 Name Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. E-NPP 1
  2. Membrane component chromosome 6 surface marker 1
  3. Phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 1
  4. Plasma-cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1
  5. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I
  6. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  7. NPPase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name ENPP1
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 1
MERDGCAGGGSRGGEGGRAPREGPAGNGRDRGRSHAAEAPGDPQAAASLLAPMDVGEEPL
EKAARARTAKDPNTYKVLSLVLSVCVLTTILGCIFGLKPSCAKEVKSCKGRCFERTFGNC
RCDAACVELGNCCLDYQETCIEPEHIWTCNKFRCGEKRLTRSLCACSDDCKDKGDCCINY
SSVCQGEKSWVEEPCESINEPQCPAGFETPPTLLFSLDGFRAEYLHTWGGLLPVISKLKK
CGTYTKNMRPVYPTKTFPNHYSIVTGLYPESHGIIDNKMYDPKMNASFSLKSKEKFNPEW
YKGEPIWVTAKYQGLKSGTFFWPGSDVEINGIFPDIYKMYNGSVPFEERILAVLQWLQLP
KDERPHFYTLYLEEPDSSGHSYGPVSSEVIKALQRVDGMVGMLMDGLKELNLHRCLNLIL
ISDHGMEQGSCKKYIYLNKYLGDVKNIKVIYGPAARLRPSDVPDKYYSFNYEGIARNLSC
REPNQHFKPYLKHFLPKRLHFAKSDRIEPLTFYLDPQWQLALNPSERKYCGSGFHGSDNV
FSNMQALFVGYGPGFKHGIEADTFENIEVYNLMCDLLNLTPAPNNGTHGSLNHLLKNPVY
TPKHPKEVHPLVQCPFTRNPRDNLGCSCNPSILPIEDFQTQFNLTVAEEKIIKHETLPYG
RPRVLQKENTICLLSQHQFMSGYSQDILMPLWTSYTVDRNDSFSTEDFSNCLYQDFRIPL
SPVHKCSFYKNNTKVSYGFLSPPQLNKNSSGIYSEALLTTNIVPMYQSFQVIWRYFHDTL
LRKYAEERNGVNVVSGPVFDFDYDGRCDSLENLRQKRRVIRNQEILIPTHFFIVLTSCKD
TSQTPLHCENLDTLAFILPHRTDNSESCVHGKHDSSWVEELLMLHRARITDVEHITGLSF
YQQRKEPVSDILKLKTHLPTFSQED
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 925
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 104923.6
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 7.14
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • molecular transducer activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • pattern binding
  • polysaccharide binding
  • receptor activity
  • scavenger receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • immune response
  • immune system process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Involved primarily in ATP hydrolysis at the plasma membrane. Plays a role in regulating pyrophosphate levels, and functions in bone mineralization and soft tissue calcification. In vitro, has a broad specificity, hydrolyzing other nucleoside 5' triphosphates such as GTP, CTP, TTP and UTP to their corresponding monophosphates with release of pyrophosphate and diadenosine polyphosphates, and also 3',5'-cAMP to AMP. May also be involved in the regulation of the availability of nucleotide sugars in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi, and the regulation of purinergic signaling. Appears to modulate insulin sensitivity
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides [RN:R00056]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • 77-97
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 170650661 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P22413 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ENPP1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >2778 bp
ATGGAGCGCGACGGCTGCGCGGGGGGCGGGAGCCGCGGCGGCGAGGGCGGGCGCGCTCCC
CGGGAGGGCCCGGCGGGGAACGGCCGCGATCGGGGCCGCAGCCACGCTGCCGAGGCGCCC
GGGGACCCGCAGGCGGCCGCGTCCTTGCTGGCCCCTATGGACGTGGGGGAGGAGCCGCTG
GAGAAGGCGGCGCGCGCCCGCACTGCCAAGGACCCCAACACCTATAAAGTACTCTCGCTG
GTATTGTCAGTATGTGTGTTAACAACAATACTTGGTTGTATATTTGGGTTGAAACCAAGC
TGTGCCAAAGAAGTTAAAAGTTGCAAAGGTCGCTGTTTCGAGAGAACATTTGGGAACTGT
CGCTGTGATGCTGCCTGTGTTGAGCTTGGAAACTGCTGTTTAGATTACCAGGAGACGTGC
ATAGAACCAGAACATATATGGACTTGCAACAAATTCAGGTGTGGTGAGAAAAGGTTGACC
AGAAGCCTCTGTGCCTGTTCAGATGACTGCAAGGACAAGGGCGACTGCTGCATCAACTAC
AGTTCTGTGTGTCAAGGTGAGAAAAGTTGGGTAGAAGAACCATGTGAGAGCATTAATGAG
CCACAGTGCCCAGCAGGGTTTGAAACGCCTCCTACCCTCTTATTTTCTTTGGATGGATTC
AGGGCAGAATATTTACACACTTGGGGTGGACTTCTTCCTGTTATTAGCAAACTAAAAAAA
TGTGGAACATATACTAAAAACATGAGACCGGTATATCCAACAAAAACTTTCCCCAATCAC
TACAGCATTGTCACCGGATTGTATCCAGAATCTCATGGCATAATCGACAATAAAATGTAT
GATCCCAAAATGAATGCTTCCTTTTCACTTAAAAGTAAAGAGAAATTTAATCCTGAGTGG
TACAAAGGAGAACCAATTTGGGTCACAGCTAAGTATCAAGGCCTCAAGTCTGGCACATTT
TTCTGGCCAGGATCAGATGTGGAAATTAACGGAATTTTCCCAGACATCTATAAAATGTAT
AATGGTTCAGTACCATTTGAAGAAAGGATTTTAGCTGTTCTTCAGTGGCTACAGCTTCCT
AAAGATGAAAGACCACACTTTTACACTCTGTATTTAGAAGAACCAGATTCTTCAGGTCAT
TCATATGGACCAGTCAGCAGTGAAGTCATCAAAGCCTTGCAGAGGGTTGATGGTATGGTT
GGTATGCTGATGGATGGTCTGAAAGAGCTGAACTTGCACAGATGCCTGAACCTCATCCTT
ATTTCAGATCATGGCATGGAACAAGGCAGTTGTAAGAAATACATATATCTGAATAAATAT
TTGGGGGATGTTAAAAATATTAAAGTTATCTATGGACCTGCAGCTCGATTGAGACCCTCT
GATGTCCCAGATAAATACTATTCATTTAACTATGAAGGCATTGCCCGAAATCTTTCTTGC
CGGGAACCAAACCAGCACTTCAAACCTTACCTGAAACATTTCTTACCTAAGCGTTTGCAC
TTTGCTAAGAGTGATAGAATTGAGCCCTTGACATTCTATTTGGACCCTCAGTGGCAACTT
GCATTGAATCCCTCAGAAAGGAAATATTGTGGAAGTGGATTTCATGGCTCTGACAATGTA
TTTTCAAATATGCAAGCCCTCTTTGTTGGCTATGGACCTGGATTCAAGCATGGCATTGAG
GCTGACACCTTTGAAAACATTGAAGTCTATAACTTAATGTGTGATTTACTGAATTTGACA
CCGGCTCCTAATAACGGAACTCATGGAAGTCTTAACCACCTTCTAAAGAATCCTGTTTAT
ACGCCAAAGCATCCCAAAGAAGTGCACCCCCTGGTACAGTGCCCCTTCACAAGAAACCCC
AGAGATAACCTTGGCTGCTCATGTAACCCTTCGATTTTGCCGATTGAGGATTTTCAAACA
CAGTTCAATCTGACTGTGGCAGAAGAGAAGATTATTAAGCATGAAACTTTACCCTATGGA
AGACCTAGAGTTCTCCAGAAGGAAAACACCATCTGTCTTCTTTCCCAGCACCAGTTTATG
AGTGGATACAGCCAAGACATCTTAATGCCCCTTTGGACATCCTATACCGTGGACAGAAAT
GACAGTTTCTCTACGGAAGACTTCTCCAACTGTCTGTACCAGGACTTTAGAATTCCTCTT
AGTCCTGTCCATAAATGTTCATTTTATAAAAATAACACCAAAGTGAGTTACGGGTTCCTC
TCCCCACCACAACTAAATAAAAATTCAAGTGGAATATATTCTGAAGCTTTGCTTACTACA
AATATAGTGCCAATGTACCAGAGTTTTCAAGTTATATGGCGCTACTTTCATGACACCCTA
CTGCGAAAGTATGCTGAAGAAAGAAATGGTGTCAATGTCGTCAGTGGTCCTGTGTTTGAC
TTTGATTATGATGGACGTTGTGATTCCTTAGAGAATCTGAGGCAAAAAAGAAGAGTCATC
CGTAACCAAGAAATTTTGATTCCAACTCACTTCTTTATTGTGCTAACAAGCTGTAAAGAT
ACATCTCAGACGCCTTTGCACTGTGAAAACCTAGACACCTTAGCTTTCATTTTGCCTCAC
AGGACTGATAACAGCGAGAGCTGTGTGCATGGGAAGCATGACTCCTCATGGGTTGAAGAA
TTGTTAATGTTACACAGAGCACGGATCACAGATGTTGAGCACATCACTGGACTCAGCTTC
TATCAACAAAGAAAAGAGCCAGTTTCAGACATTTTAAAGTTGAAAACACATTTGCCAACC
TTTAGCCAAGAAGACTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID NM_006208.2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID ENPP1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID ENPP1 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:3356 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 1 Locus 6q22-q23
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Buckley MF, Loveland KA, McKinstry WJ, Garson OM, Goding JW: Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein PC-1. cDNA cloning of the human molecule, amino acid sequence, and chromosomal location. J Biol Chem. 1990 Oct 15;265(29):17506-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Funakoshi I, Kato H, Horie K, Yano T, Hori Y, Kobayashi H, Inoue T, Suzuki H, Fukui S, Tsukahara M, et al.: Molecular cloning of cDNAs for human fibroblast nucleotide pyrophosphatase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1992 May 15;295(1):180-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Pizzuti A, Frittitta L, Argiolas A, Baratta R, Goldfine ID, Bozzali M, Ercolino T, Scarlato G, Iacoviello L, Vigneri R, Tassi V, Trischitta V: A polymorphism (K121Q) of the human glycoprotein PC-1 gene coding region is strongly associated with insulin resistance. Diabetes. 1999 Sep;48(9):1881-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Belli SI, Goding JW: Biochemical characterization of human PC-1, an enzyme possessing alkaline phosphodiesterase I and nucleotide pyrophosphatase activities. Eur J Biochem. 1994 Dec 1;226(2):433-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Belli SI, Mercuri FA, Sali A, Goding JW: Autophosphorylation of PC-1 (alkaline phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase) and analysis of the active site. Eur J Biochem. 1995 Mar 15;228(3):669-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes. Genomics. 1997 Oct 15;45(2):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Bello V, Goding JW, Greengrass V, Sali A, Dubljevic V, Lenoir C, Trugnan G, Maurice M: Characterization of a di-leucine-based signal in the cytoplasmic tail of the nucleotide-pyrophosphatase NPP1 that mediates basolateral targeting but not endocytosis. Mol Biol Cell. 2001 Oct;12(10):3004-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Yano Y, Hayashi Y, Sano K, Nagano H, Nakaji M, Seo Y, Ninomiya T, Yoon S, Yokozaki H, Kasuga M: Expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I-1 (E-NPP1/PC-1) and -3 (E-NPP3/CD203c/PD-Ibeta/B10/gp130(RB13-6)) in inflammatory and neoplastic bile duct diseases. Cancer Lett. 2004 Apr 30;207(2):139-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Wollscheid B, Bausch-Fluck D, Henderson C, O'Brien R, Bibel M, Schiess R, Aebersold R, Watts JD: Mass-spectrometric identification and relative quantification of N-linked cell surface glycoproteins. Nat Biotechnol. 2009 Apr;27(4):378-86. Epub 2009 Apr 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Nakamura I, Ikegawa S, Okawa A, Okuda S, Koshizuka Y, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Koyama T, Goto S, Toguchida J, Matsushita M, Ochi T, Takaoka K, Nakamura Y: Association of the human NPPS gene with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine (OPLL). Hum Genet. 1999 Jun;104(6):492-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Rutsch F, Ruf N, Vaingankar S, Toliat MR, Suk A, Hohne W, Schauer G, Lehmann M, Roscioli T, Schnabel D, Epplen JT, Knisely A, Superti-Furga A, McGill J, Filippone M, Sinaiko AR, Vallance H, Hinrichs B, Smith W, Ferre M, Terkeltaub R, Nurnberg P: Mutations in ENPP1 are associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification. Nat Genet. 2003 Aug;34(4):379-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Cheng KS, Chen MR, Ruf N, Lin SP, Rutsch F: Generalized arterial calcification of infancy: different clinical courses in two affected siblings. Am J Med Genet A. 2005 Jul 15;136(2):210-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Bacci S, Ludovico O, Prudente S, Zhang YY, Di Paola R, Mangiacotti D, Rauseo A, Nolan D, Duffy J, Fini G, Salvemini L, Amico C, Vigna C, Pellegrini F, Menzaghi C, Doria A, Trischitta V: The K121Q polymorphism of the ENPP1/PC-1 gene is associated with insulin resistance/atherogenic phenotypes, including earlier onset of type 2 diabetes and myocardial infarction. Diabetes. 2005 Oct;54(10):3021-5. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5426
Enzyme 2 Name Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. E-NPP 3
  2. Phosphodiesterase I beta
  3. PD-Ibeta
  4. Phosphodiesterase I/nucleotide pyrophosphatase 3
  5. CD203c antigen
  6. Alkaline phosphodiesterase I
  7. Nucleotide pyrophosphatase
  8. NPPase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name ENPP3
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3
MESTLTLATEQPVKKNTLKKYKIACIVLLALLVIMSLGLGLGLGLRKLEKQGSCRKKCFD
ASFRGLENCRCDVACKDRGDCCWDFEDTCVESTRIWMCNKFRCGETRLEASLCSCSDDCL
QRKDCCADYKSVCQGETSWLEENCDTAQQSQCPEGFDLPPVILFSMDGFRAEYLYTWDTL
MPNINKLKTCGIHSKYMRAMYPTKTFPNHYTIVTGLYPESHGIIDNNMYDVNLNKNFSLS
SKEQNNPAWWHGQPMWLTAMYQGLKAATYFWPGSEVAINGSFPSIYMPYNGSVPFEERIS
TLLKWLDLPKAERPRFYTMYFEEPDSSGHAGGPVSARVIKALQVVDHAFGMLMEGLKQRN
LHNCVNIILLADHGMDQTYCNKMEYMTDYFPRINFFYMYEGPAPRIRAHNIPHDFFSFNS
EEIVRNLSCRKPDQHFKPYLTPDLPKRLHYAKNVRIDKVHLFVDQQWLAVRSKSNTNCGG
GNHGYNNEFRSMEAIFLAHGPSFKEKTEVEPFENIEVYNLMCDLLRIQPAPNNGTHGSLN
HLLKVPFYEPSHAEEVSKFSVCGFANPLPTESLDCFCPHLQNSTQLEQVNQMLNLTQEEI
TATVKVNLPFGRPRVLQKNVDHCLLYHREYVSGFGKAMRMPMWSSYTVPQLGDTSPLPPT
VPDCLRADVRVPPSESQKCSFYLADKNITHGFLYPPASNRTSDSQYDALITSNLVPMYEE
FRKMWDYFHSVLLIKHATERNGVNVVSGPIFDYNYDGHFDAPDEITKHLANTDVPIPTHY
FVVLTSCKNKSHTPENCPGWLDVLPFIIPHRPTNVESCPEGKPEALWVEERFTAHIARVR
DVELLTGLDFYQDKVQPVSEILQLKTYLPTFETTI
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 875
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 100123.5
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.55
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • molecular transducer activity
  • nucleic acid binding
  • pattern binding
  • polysaccharide binding
  • receptor activity
  • scavenger receptor activity
  • signal transducer activity
  • transmembrane receptor activity
Process
  • immune response
  • immune system process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Cleaves a variety of phosphodiester and phosphosulfate bonds including deoxynucleotides, nucleotide sugars, and NAD
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • a dinucleotide + H2O = 2 mononucleotides [RN:R00056]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 12-30
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 2465540 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O14638 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ENPP3_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >2628 bp
ATGGAATCTACGTTGACTTTAGCAACGGAACAACCTGTTAAGAAGAACACTCTTAAGAAA
TATAAAATAGCTTGCATTGTTCTTCTTGCTTTGCTGGTGATCATGTCACTTGGATTAGGC
CTGGGGCTTGGACTCAGGAAACTGGAAAAGCAAGGCAGCTGCAGGAAGAAGTGCTTTGAT
GCATCATTTAGAGGACTGGAGAACTGCCGGTGTGATGTGGCATGTAAAGACCGAGGTGAT
TGCTGCTGGGATTTTGAAGACACCTGTGTGGAATCAACTCGAATATGGATGTGCAATAAA
TTTCGTTGTGGAGAGACCAGATTAGAGGCCAGCCTTTGCTCTTGTTCAGATGACTGTTTG
CAGAAGAAAGATTGCTGTGCTGACTATAAGAGTGTTTGCCAAGGAGAAACCTCATGGCTG
GAAGAAAACTGTGACACAGCCCAGCAGTCTCAGTGCCCAGAAGGGTTTGACCTGCCACCA
GTTATCTTGTTTTCTATGGATGGATTTAGAGCTGAATATTTATACACATGGGATACTTTA
ATGCCAAATATCAATAAACTGAAAACATGTGGAATTCATTCAAAATACATGAGAGCTATG
TATCCTACCAAAACCTTCCCAAATCATTACACCATTGTCACGGGCTTGTATCCAGAGTCA
CATGGCATCATTGACAATAATATGTATGATGTAAATCTCAACAAGAATTTTTCACTTTCT
TCAAAGGAACAAAATAATCCAGCCTGGTGGCATGGGCAACCAATGTGGCTGACAGCAATG
TATCAAGGTTTAAAAGCCGCTACCTACTTTTGGCCCGGATCAGAAGTGGCTATAAATGGC
TCCTTTCCTTCCATATACATGCCTTACAACGGAAGTGTCCCATTTGAAGAGAGGATTTCT
ACACTGTTAAAATGGCTGGACCTGCCCAAAGCTGAAAGACCCAGGTTTTATACCATGTAT
TTTGAAGAACCTGATTCCTCTGGACATGCAGGTGGACCAGTCAGTGCCAGAGTAATTAAA
GCCTTACAGGTAGTAGATCATGCTTTTGGGATGTTGATGGAAGGCCTGAAGCAGCGGAAT
TTGCACAACTGTGTCAATATCATCCTTCTGGCTGACCATGGAATGGACCAGACTTATTGT
AACAAGATGGAATACATGACTGATTATTTTCCCAGAATAAACTTCTTCTACATGTACGAA
GGGCCTGCCCCCCGCATCCGAGCTCATAATATACCTCATGACTTTTTTAGTTTTAATTCT
GAGGAAATTGTTAGAAACCTCAGTTGCCGAAAACCTGATCAGCATTTCAAGCCCTATTTG
ACTCCTGATTTGCCAAAGCGACTGCACTATGCCAAGAACGTCAGAATCGACAAAGTTCAT
CTCTTTGTGGATCAACAGTGGCTGGCTGTTAGGAGTAAATCAAATACAAATTGTGGAGGA
GGCAACCATGGTTATAACAATGAGTTTAGGAGCATGGAGGCTATCTTTCTGGCACATGGA
CCCAGTTTTAAAGAGAAGACTGAAGTTGAACCATTTGAAAATATTGAAGTCTATAACCTA
ATGTGTGATCTTCTACGCATTCAACCAGCACCAAACAATGGAACCCATGGTAGTTTAAAC
CATCTTCTGAAGGTGCCTTTTTATGAGCCATCCCATGCAGAGGAGGTGTCAAAGTTTTCT
GTTTGTGGCTTTGCTAATCCATTGCCCACAGAGTCTCTTGACTGTTTCTGCCCTCACCTA
CAAAATAGTACTCAGCTGGAACAAGTGAATCAGATGCTAAATCTCACCCAAGAAGAAATA
ACAGCAACAGTGAAAGTAAATTTGCCATTTGGGAGGCCTAGGGTACTGCAGAAGAACGTG
GACCACTGTCTCCTTTACCACAGGGAATATGTCAGTGGATTTGGAAAAGCTATGAGGATG
CCCATGTGGAGTTCATACACAGTCCCCCAGTTGGGAGACACATCGCCTCTGCCTCCCACT
GTCCCAGACTGTCTGCGGGCTGATGTCAGGGTTCCTCCTTCTGAGAGCCAAAAATGTTCC
TTCTATTTAGCAGACAAGAATATCACCCACGGCTTCCTCTATCCTCCTGCCAGCAATAGA
ACATCAGATAGCCAATATGATGCTTTAATTACTAGCAATTTGGTACCTATGTATGAAGAA
TTCAGAAAAATGTGGGACTACTTCCACAGTGTTCTTCTTATAAAACATGCCACAGAAAGA
AATGGAGTAAATGTGGTTAGTGGACCAATATTTGATTATAATTATGATGGCCATTTTGAT
GCTCCAGATGAAATTACCAAACATTTAGCCAACACTGATGTTCCCATCCCAACACACTAC
TTTGTGGTGCTGACCAGTTGTAAAAACAAGAGCCACACACCGGAAAACTGCCCTGGGTGG
CTGGATGTCCTACCCTTTATCATCCCTCACCGACCTACCAACGTGGAGAGCTGTCCTGAA
GGTAAACCAGAAGCTCTTTGGGTTGAAGAAAGATTTACAGCTCACATTGCCCGGGTCCGT
GATGTAGAACTTCTCACTGGGCTTGACTTCTATCAGGATAAAGTGCAGCCTGTCTCTGAA
ATTTTGCAACTAAAGACATATTTACCAACATTTGAAACCACTATTTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AF005632 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID ENPP3 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID ENPP3 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:3358 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 2 Locus 6q22
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Jin-Hua P, Goding JW, Nakamura H, Sano K: Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of PD-Ibeta (PDNP3), a new member of the human phosphodiesterase I genes. Genomics. 1997 Oct 15;45(2):412-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Buhring HJ, Seiffert M, Giesert C, Marxer A, Kanz L, Valent P, Sano K: The basophil activation marker defined by antibody 97A6 is identical to the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 3. Blood. 2001 May 15;97(10):3303-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yano Y, Hayashi Y, Sano K, Nagano H, Nakaji M, Seo Y, Ninomiya T, Yoon S, Yokozaki H, Kasuga M: Expression and localization of ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase I-1 (E-NPP1/PC-1) and -3 (E-NPP3/CD203c/PD-Ibeta/B10/gp130(RB13-6)) in inflammatory and neoplastic bile duct diseases. Cancer Lett. 2004 Apr 30;207(2):139-47. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Buhring HJ, Streble A, Valent P: The basophil-specific ectoenzyme E-NPP3 (CD203c) as a marker for cell activation and allergy diagnosis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2004 Apr;133(4):317-29. Epub 2004 Mar 17. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 5606
Enzyme 3 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
Enzyme 3 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PYGL
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, liver form
MAKPLTDQEKRRQISIRGIVGVENVAELKKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATTRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYDKCPKRVYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMINLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDI
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEYGIFNQKIRDGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKSRPEFMLPVHFYGKVEHTNTGTKWIDTQVVLALPYDTPVPGYMNNTVN
TMRLWSARAPNDFNLRDFNVGDYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKASKFGSTRGAGTVFDAFPDQVAIQLNDTHPALAIPELMRIFVDIEKL
PWSKAWELTQKTFAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVDLVEKLLPRHLEIIYEINQKHLDRIVALFP
KDVDRLRRMSLIEEEGSKRINMAHLCIVGSHAVNGVAKIHSDIVKTKVFKDFSELEPDKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLAELIAEKIGEDYVKDLSQLTKLHSFLGDDVFLRELAKVKQ
ENKLKFSQFLETEYKVKINPSSMFDVQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITMYNRIKKDPKKLFV
PRTVIIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIKLITSVADVVNNDPMVGSKLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
TDLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENLFIFGMRIDDVA
ALDKKGYEAKEYYEALPELKLVIDQIDNGFFSPKQPDLFKDIINMLFYHDRFKVFADYEA
YVKCQDKVSQLYMNPKAWNTMVLKNIAASGKFSSDRTIKEYAQNIWNVEPSDLKISLSNE
SNKVNGN
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 847
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 97147.8
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 7.17
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 183353 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06737 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1L7X Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >2544 bp
ATGGGCGAACCGCTGACAGACCAGGAGAAGCGGCGGCAGATCAGCATCCGCGGCATCGTG
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGGCAGAGCTGAAGAAGAGTTTCAACCGGCACCTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAACGTGGCCACCACCCGCGACTACTACTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGGGACCACCTGGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGACAAGTGCCCC
AAGAGGGAATATTACCTCTCTCTGGAATTTTACATGGGCCGAACATTACAGAACACCATG
ATCAACCTCGGTCTGCAAAATGCCTGTGATGAGGCCATTTACCAGCTTGGATTGGATATA
GAAGAGTTAGAAGAAATTGAAGAAGATGCTGGACTTGGCAATGGTGGTCTTGGGAGACTT
GCTGCCTGCTTCTTGGATTCCATGGCAACCCTGGGACTTGCAGCCTATGGATACGGCATT
CGGTATGAATATGGGATTTTCAATCAGAAGATCCGAGATGGATGGCAGGTAGAAGAAGCA
GATGATTGGCTCAGATATGGAAACCCTTGGGAGAAGTCCCGCCCAGAATTCATGCTGCCT
GTGCACTTCTATGGAAAAGTAGAACACACCAACACCGGGACCAAGTGGATTGACACTCAA
GTGGTCCTGGCTCTGCCATATGACACCCCCGAGCCCGGCTACATGAATAACACTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCTCGGGCACCAAATGACTTTAACCTCAGAGACTTTAATGTT
GGAGACTACATTCAGGCTGTGCTGGACCGAAACCTGGCCGAGAACATCTCCCGGGTCCTC
TATCCCAATGACAATTTTTTTGAAGGGAAGGAGCTAAGATTGAAGCAGGAATACTTTGTG
GTGGCTGCAACCTTGCAAGATATCATCCGCCGTTTCAAAGCCTCCAAGTTTGGCTCCACC
CGTGGTCAAGGAACTGTGTTTGATGCCTTCCCGGATCAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAATGAT
ACTCACCCTCGCATCGCGATCCCTGAGCTGATGAGGATTTTTGTGGATATTGAAAAACTG
CCCTGGTCCAAGGCATGGGAGCTCAACCAGAAGACCTTCGCCTACACCAACCACACAGTG
CTCCCGGAAGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGGACCTGGTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCCTCGACAT
TTGGAAATCATTTATGAGATAAATCAGAAGCATTTAGATAGAATTGTGGCCTTGTTTCCT
AAAGATGTGGACCCTCTGAGAAGGATGTCTCTGATAGAAGAGGAAGGAAGCAAAAGGATC
AACATGGCCCATCTCTGCATTGTCGGTTCCCATGCTGTGAATGGCGTGGCTAAAATCCAC
TCAGACATCGTGAAGACTAAAGTATTCAAGGACTTCAGTGAGCTAGAACCTGACAAGTTT
CAGAATAAAACCAATGGGATCACTCCAAGGCGCTGGCTCCTACTCTGCAACCCAGGACTT
GCAGAGCTCATAGCAGAGAAAATTGGAGAAGACTATGTGAAAGACCTGAGCCAGCTGACG
AAGCTCCACAGCTTCCTGGGTGATGATGTCTTCCTCCGGGAACTCGCCAAGGTGAAGCAG
GAGAATAAGCTGAAGTTTTCTCAGTTCCTGGAGACGGAGTACAAAGTGAAGATCAACCCA
TCCTCCATGTTTGATGTCCAGGTGAAGAGGATACATGAGTACAAGCGACAGCTCTTGAAC
TGTCTGCATGTGATCACGATGTACAACCGCATTAAGAAAGACCCTAAGAAGTTATTCGTG
CCAAGGACAGTTATCATTGGTGGTAAAGCTGCCCCAGGATATCACATGGCCAAAATGATC
ATAAAGCTGATCACTTCAGTGGCAGATGTGGTGAACAATGACCCTATGGTTGGAAGCAAG
TTGAAAGTCATCTTCTTGGAGAACTACAGAGTATCTCTTGCTGAAAAAGTCATTCCAGCC
ACAGATCTGTCAGAGCAGATTTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAAGCCTCGGGGACAGGCAATATG
AAGTTCATGCTAAATGGGGCCCTAACTATCGGGACCATGGATGGGGCCAATGTGGAAATG
GCAGAAGAAGCTGGGGAAGAGAACCTGTTCATCTTTGGCATGAGCATAGATGATGTGGCT
GCTTTGGACAAGAAAGGGTACGAGGCAAAAGAATACTATGAGGCACTTCCAGAGCTGAAG
CTGGTCATTGATCAAATTGACAATGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGCAGCCTGACCTCTTCAAA
GATATCATCAACATGCTATTTTATCATGACAGGTTTAAAGTCTTTGCAGACTACGAAGCC
TATGTCAAGTGTCAAGATAAAGTGAGTCAGCTGTACATGAATCCAAAGGCCTGGAACACA
ATGGTACTCAAAAACATAGCTGCCTCGGGGAAATTCTCCAGTGACCGAACAATTAAAGAA
TATGCCCAAAACATCTGGAACGTGGAACCTTCAGATCTAAAGATTTCTCTATCCAATGAA
TCTAACAAAGTCAATGGAAATTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID M14636 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PYGL Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:9725 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 14q21-q22
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Newgard CB, Nakano K, Hwang PK, Fletterick RJ: Sequence analysis of the cDNA encoding human liver glycogen phosphorylase reveals tissue-specific codon usage. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Nov;83(21):8132-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chang S, Rosenberg MJ, Morton H, Francomano CA, Biesecker LG: Identification of a mutation in liver glycogen phosphorylase in glycogen storage disease type VI. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 May;7(5):865-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Burwinkel B, Bakker HD, Herschkovitz E, Moses SW, Shin YS, Kilimann MW: Mutations in the liver glycogen phosphorylase gene (PYGL) underlying glycogenosis type VI. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Apr;62(4):785-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gorin FA, Mullinax RL, Ignacio PC, Neve RL, Kurnit DM: McArdle's & Hers' diseases: glycogen phosphorylase transcriptional expression in human tissues. J Neurogenet. 1987 Dec;4(6):293-308. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Rath VL, Ammirati M, Danley DE, Ekstrom JL, Gibbs EM, Hynes TR, Mathiowetz AM, McPherson RK, Olson TV, Treadway JL, Hoover DJ: Human liver glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors bind at a new allosteric site. Chem Biol. 2000 Sep;7(9):677-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Rath VL, Ammirati M, LeMotte PK, Fennell KF, Mansour MN, Danley DE, Hynes TR, Schulte GK, Wasilko DJ, Pandit J: Activation of human liver glycogen phosphorylase by alteration of the secondary structure and packing of the catalytic core. Mol Cell. 2000 Jul;6(1):139-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Ekstrom JL, Pauly TA, Carty MD, Soeller WC, Culp J, Danley DE, Hoover DJ, Treadway JL, Gibbs EM, Fletterick RJ, Day YS, Myszka DG, Rath VL: Structure-activity analysis of the purine binding site of human liver glycogen phosphorylase. Chem Biol. 2002 Aug;9(8):915-24. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 5610
Enzyme 4 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. Myophosphorylase
Enzyme 4 Gene Name PYGM
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, muscle form
MSRPLSDQEKRKQISVRGLAGVENVTELKKNFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYYFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYEKDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLALENACDEATYQLGLDM
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKISGGWQMEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEFTLPVHFYGHVEHTSQGAKWVDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYRNNVVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFNLKDFNVGGYIQAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTNFDAFPDKVAIQLNDTHPSLAIPELMRILVDLERM
DWDKAWDVTVRTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVHLLETLLPRHLQIIYEINQRFLNRVAAAFP
GDVDRLRRMSLVEEGAVKRINMAHLCIAGSHAVNGVARIHSEILKKTIFKDFYELEPHKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLVLCNPGLAEVIAERIGEDFISDLDQLRKLLSFVDDEAFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFAAYLEREYKVHINPNSLFDIQVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVITLYNRIKREPNKFFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKMIIRLVTAIGDVVNHDPAVGDRLRVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSEQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGEENFFIFGMRVEDVD
KLDQRGYNAQEYYDRIPELRQVIEQLSSGFFSPKQPDLFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYED
YIKCQEKVSALYKNPREWTRMVIRNIATSGKFSSDRTIAQYAREIWGVEPSRQRLPAPDE
AI
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 842
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 97091.3
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.03
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 4 Pathways
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 3153910 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11217 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID 1XL1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB File Show
Enzyme 4 3D Structure
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >2529 bp
ATGTCCCGGCCCCTGTCAGACCAAGAGAAAAGAAAGCAAATCAGTGTGCGTGGCCTGGCC
GGCGTGGAGAACGTGACTGAGCTGAAAAAGAACTTCAACCGGCACCTGCATTTCACACTC
GTAAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACCCCACGAGACTACTACTTTGCTCTGGCCCATACCGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGGCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTATGAGAAGGACCCC
AAGAGGATCTACTACCTGTCTTTAGAGTTCTATATGGGACGGACGCTACAGAACACCATG
GTGAACCTGGCCTTAGAGAATGCCTGTGACGAGGCCACCTACCAGCTGGGCCTGGACATG
GAGGAGCTGGAGGAAATTGAGGAGGATGCGGGGCTGGGCAACGGGGGCCTGGGCCGGCTG
GCAGCCTGCTTTCTTGACTCCATGGCAACACTGGGCCTGGCCGCCTATGGCTACGGGATT
CGCTATGAGTTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATCTCCGGGGGCTGGCAGATGGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTTCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAGGCCCGGCCCGAGTTCACGCTACCT
GTGCACTTCTACGGCCATGTGGAGCACACCAGCCAGGGTGCCAAGTGGGTGGACACACAG
GTGGTACTGGCCATGCCCTACGATACGCCCGTGCCTGGCTATCGCAACAATGTTGTCAAC
ACCATGCGCCTCTGGTCTGCCAAGGCTCCCAATGACTTCAACCTCAAGGACTTCAATGTC
GGTGGCTACATCCAGGCTGTGTTGGACCGAAACCTGGCGGAGAACATCTCTCGTGTCCTG
TACCCCAATGATAATTTCTTCGAAGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTATTTCGTG
GTGGCTGCCACCCTCCAGGACATCATCCGTCGCTTCAAGTCTTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGT
GATCCCGTGCGCACGAACTTCGATGCCTTCCCAGATAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTCAATGAC
ACCCACCCCTCCCTGGCCATCCCCGAGCTGATGAGGATCCTGGTGGACCTGGAACGGATG
GACTGGGACAAGGCGTGGGATGTGACAGTGAGGACCTGTGCCTACACCAACCACACGGTG
CTGCCCGAGGCCCTGGAGCGCTGGCCGGTGCACCTCTTGGAGACGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTCCAGATCATCTACGAGATCAACCAGCGCTTCCTCAACCGGGTGGCGGCCGCATTCCCA
GGGGACGTAGACCGGCTGCGGCGCATGTCGCTGGTGGAGGAGGGCGCAGTGAAGCGCATC
AACATGGCACACCTGTGCATCGCGGGGTCGCACGCCGTCAACGGCGTGGCGCGCATCCAC
TCCGAGATCCTCAAGAAGACCATCTTCAAAGACTTCTATGAGCTGGAGCCTCATAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAACGGCATCACCCCTCGGCGCTGGCTGGTTCTGTGTAACCCCGGGCTG
GCAGAGGTCATTGCTGAGCGCATCGGGGAGGACTTCATCTCTGACCTGGACCAGCTGCGC
AAACTGCTCTCCTTTGTGGATGATGAAGCTTTCATTCGGGATGTGGCCAAAGTGAAGCAG
GAAAACAAGTTGAAGTTTGCTGCCTACCTAGAGAGGGAATACAAAGTCCACATCAACCCC
AACTCACTCTTCGACATCCAGGTGAAGCGGATTCACGAATATAAACGACAGCTCCTCAAC
TGCCTCCATGTCATCACCCTGTACAACCGCATCAAGAGGGAGCCCAATAAGTTTTTTGTG
CCTCGGACTGTGATGATTGGAGGGAAGGCTGCACCTGGGTACCACATGGCCAAGATGATC
ATCAGACTCGTCACAGCCATCGGGGATGTGGTCAACCATGACCCGGCAGTGGGTGACCGC
CTCCGTGTCATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGAGTCTCACTGGCCGAGAAAGTGATCCCAGCT
GCAGACCTCTCTGAGCAGATCTCCACTGCGGGCACTGAAGCCTCAGGCACCGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCTCTGACCATTGGCACCATGGACGGGGCCAATGTGGAGATG
GCAGAAGAGGCGGGAGAGGAAAACTTCTTCATCTTTGGCATGCGGGTGGAGGATGTGGAT
AAGCTTGACCAAAGAGGGTACAATGCCCAGGAGTACTACGATCGCATTCCTGAGCTTCGG
CAGGTCATTGAGCAGCTGAGCAGTGGCTTCTTCTCCCCCAAACAGCCCGACCTGTTCAAG
GACATTGTCAATATGCTCATGCACCATGACCGGTTTAAAGTCTTCGCAGATTATGAAGAC
TACATTAAATGCCAGGAGAAAGTCAGCGCCTTGTACAAGAACCCAAGAGAGTGGACGCGG
ATGGTGATCCGGAACATAGCCACCTCTGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGCACCATTGCCCAG
TATGCCCGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCTTCCCGCCAGCGCCTGCCAGCCCCGGATGAG
GCCATCTGA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AF066859 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID PYGM Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID PYGM Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:9726 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 4 Locus 11q12-q13.2
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Burke J, Hwang P, Anderson L, Lebo R, Gorin F, Fletterick R: Intron/exon structure of the human gene for the muscle isozyme of glycogen phosphorylase. Proteins. 1987;2(3):177-87. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kubisch C, Wicklein EM, Jentsch TJ: Molecular diagnosis of McArdle disease: revised genomic structure of the myophosphorylase gene and identification of a novel mutation. Hum Mutat. 1998;12(1):27-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Hwang PK, See YP, Vincentini AM, Powers MA, Fletterick RJ, Crerar MM: Comparative sequence analysis of rat, rabbit, and human muscle glycogen phosphorylase cDNAs. Eur J Biochem. 1985 Oct 15;152(2):267-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gautron S, Daegelen D, Mennecier F, Dubocq D, Kahn A, Dreyfus JC: Molecular mechanisms of McArdle's disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency). RNA and DNA analysis. J Clin Invest. 1987 Jan;79(1):275-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Carty TJ, Tu J-I, Graves DJ: Regulation of glycogen phosphorylase. Role of the peptide region surrounding the phosphoserine residue in determining enzyme properties. J Biol Chem. 1975 Jul 10;250(13):4980-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Kim JE, Tannenbaum SR, White FM: Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. J Proteome Res. 2005 Jul-Aug;4(4):1339-46. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Tsujino S, Shanske S, DiMauro S: Molecular genetic heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). N Engl J Med. 1993 Jul 22;329(4):241-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Martinuzzi A, Heiman-Patterson T, DiMauro S: Two novel missense mutations (E654K, L396P) in Caucasian patients with myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Hum Mutat. 1995;6(3):276-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Tsujino S, Shanske S, Nonaka I, DiMauro S: The molecular genetic basis of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Muscle Nerve. 1995;3:S23-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Vorgerd M, Kubisch C, Burwinkel B, Reichmann H, Mortier W, Tettenborn B, Pongratz D, Lindemuth R, Tegenthoff M, Malin JP, Kilimann MW: Mutation analysis in myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease). Ann Neurol. 1998 Mar;43(3):326-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Gamez J, Fernandez R, Bruno C, Andreu AL, Cervera C, Navarro C, Schwartz S, Dimauro S: A new mutation in the regulatory domain of the myophosphorylase gene affecting protein dimer contact. Muscle Nerve. 1999 Aug;22(8):1136-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Andreu AL, Bruno C, Tamburino L, Gamez J, Shanske S, Cervera C, Navarro C, DiMauro S: A new mutation in the myophosphorylase gene (Asn684Tyr) in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):171-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Garcia A, Campos Y, Cabello A, Culebras JM, Arenas J: McArdle's disease associated with homozygosity for the missense mutation Gly204Ser of the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient. Neuromuscul Disord. 1999 May;9(3):174-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Fernandez R, Navarro C, Andreu AL, Bruno C, Shanske S, Gamez J, Teijeira S, Hernandez I, Teijeiro A, Fernandez JM, Musumeci O, DiMauro S: A novel missense mutation (W797R) in the myophosphorylase gene in Spanish patients with McArdle disease. Arch Neurol. 2000 Feb;57(2):217-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Auciello R, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation W797R in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Muscle Nerve. 2000 Jan;23(1):129-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Rubio JC, Martin MA, Campos Y, Cabello A, Arenas J: A missense mutation T487N in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Feb;10(2):138-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Campos Y, Ricoy JR, Cabello A, Arenas J: A homozygous missense mutation (A659D) in the myophosphorylase gene in a Spanish patient with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2000 Aug;10(6):447-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Martin MA, Rubio JC, Buchbinder J, Fernandez-Hojas R, del Hoyo P, Teijeira S, Gamez J, Navarro C, Fernandez JM, Cabello A, Campos Y, Cervera C, Culebras JM, Andreu AL, Fletterick R, Arenas J: Molecular heterogeneity of myophosphorylase deficiency (McArdle's disease): a genotype-phenotype correlation study. Ann Neurol. 2001 Nov;50(5):574-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Bruno C, Lanzillo R, Biedi C, Iadicicco L, Minetti C, Santoro L: Two new mutations in the myophosphorylase gene in Italian patients with McArdle's disease. Neuromuscul Disord. 2002 Jun;12(5):498-500. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 5612
Enzyme 5 Name Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
Enzyme 5 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Name PYGB
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Glycogen phosphorylase, brain form
MAKPLTDSEKRKQISVRGLAGLGDVAEVRKSFNRHLHFTLVKDRNVATPRDYFFALAHTV
RDHLVGRWIRTQQHYYERDPKRIYYLSLEFYMGRTLQNTMVNLGLQNACDEAIYQLGLDL
EELEEIEEDAGLGNGGLGRLAACFLDSMATLGLAAYGYGIRYEFGIFNQKIVNGWQVEEA
DDWLRYGNPWEKARPEYMLPVHFYGRVEHTPDGVKWLDTQVVLAMPYDTPVPGYKNNTVN
TMRLWSAKAPNDFKLQDFNVGDYIEAVLDRNLAENISRVLYPNDNFFEGKELRLKQEYFV
VAATLQDIIRRFKSSKFGCRDPVRTCFETFPDKVAIQLNDTHPALSIPELMRILVDVEKV
DWDKAWEITKKTCAYTNHTVLPEALERWPVSMFEKLLPRHLEIIYAINQRHLDHVAALFP
GDVDRLRRMSVIEEGDCKRINMAHLCVIGSHAVNGVARIHSEIVKQSVFKDFYELEPEKF
QNKTNGITPRRWLLLCNPGLADTIVEKIGEEFLTDLSQLKKLLPLVSDEVFIRDVAKVKQ
ENKLKFSAFLEKEYKVKINPSSMFDVHVKRIHEYKRQLLNCLHVVTLYNRIKRDPAKAFV
PRTVMIGGKAAPGYHMAKLIIKLVTSIGDVVNHDPVVGDRLKVIFLENYRVSLAEKVIPA
ADLSQQISTAGTEASGTGNMKFMLNGALTIGTMDGANVEMAEEAGAENLFIFGLRVEDVE
ALDRKGYNAREYYDHLPELKQAVDQISSGFFSPKEPDCFKDIVNMLMHHDRFKVFADYEA
YMQCQAQVDQLYRNPKEWTKKVIRNIACSGKFSSDRTITEYAREIWGVEPSDLQIPPPNI
PRD
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 843
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 96695.2
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 6.85
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • phosphorylase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring glycosyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring hexosyl groups
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in phosphorylase activity
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Phosphorylase is an important allosteric enzyme in carbohydrate metabolism. Enzymes from different sources differ in their regulatory mechanisms and in their natural substrates. However, all known phosphorylases share catalytic and structural properties
Enzyme 5 Pathways
Enzyme 5 Reactions
  • [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n + phosphate = [(1->4)-alpha-D-glucosyl]n-1 + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate [RN:R01821 R06050]
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 9650807 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11216 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PYGB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >2532 bp
ATGGCGAAGCCGCTGACGGACAGCGAGAAGCGGAAGCAGATCAGCGTGCGCGGCCTGGCG
GGGCTAGGCGACGTGGCCGAGGTGCGGAAGAGCTTCAACCGGCACTTGCACTTCACGCTG
GTCAAGGACCGCAATGTGGCCACGCCCCGCGACTACTTCTTCGCGCTGGCGCACACGGTG
CGCGACCACCTCGTGGGCCGCTGGATCCGCACGCAGCAGCACTACTACGAGCGCGACCCC
AAGCGCATTTATTATCTTTCCCTGGAATTCTACATGGGTCGCACGCTGCAGAACACGATG
GTGAACCTGGGCCTTCAGAATGCCTGCGATGAAGCCATCTATCAGTTGGGGTTAGACTTG
GAGGAACTCGAGGAGATAGAAGAAGATGCTGGCCTTGGGAATGGAGGCCTGGGGAGGCTG
GCAGCGTGTTTCCTTGACTCAATGGCTACCTTGGGCCTGGCAGCATACGGCTATGGAATC
CGCTATGAATTTGGGATTTTTAACCAGAAGATTGTCAATGGCTGGCAGGTAGAGGAGGCC
GATGACTGGCTGCGCTACGGCAACCCCTGGGAGAAAGCGCGGCCTGAGTATATGCTTCCC
GTGCACTTCTACGGACGCGTGGAGCACACCCCCGACGGCGTGAAGTGGCTGGACACACAG
GTGGTGCTGGCCATGCCCTACGACACCCCAGTGCCCGGCTACAAGAACAACACCGTCAAC
ACCATGCGGCTGTGGTCCGCCAAGGCTCCCAACGACTTCAAGCTGCAGGACTTCAACGTG
GGAGACTACATCGAGGCGGTCCTGGACCGGAACTTGGCTGAGAACATCTCCAGGGTCCTG
TATCCAAATGATAACTTCTTTGAGGGGAAGGAGCTGCGGCTGAAGCAGGAGTACTTCGTG
GTGGCCGCCACGCTCCAGGACATCATCCGCCGCTTCAAGTCGTCCAAGTTCGGCTGCCGG
GACCCTGTGAGAACCTGTTTCGAGACGTTCCCAGACAAGGTGGCCATCCAGCTGAACGAC
ACCCACCCCGCCCTCTCCATCCCTGAGCTCATGCGGATCCTGGTGGACGTGGAGAAGGTG
GACTGGGACAAGGCCTGGGAAATCACGAAGAAGACCTGTGCATACACCAACCACACTGTG
CTGCCTGAGGCCTTGGAGCGCTGGCCCGTGTCCATGTTTGAGAAGCTGCTGCCGCGGCAC
CTGGAGATAATCTATGCCATCAACCAGCGGCACCTGGACCACGTGGCCGCGCTGTTTCCC
GGCGATGTGGACCGCCTGCGCAGGATGTCTGTGATCGAGGAGGGGGACTGCAAGCGGATC
AACATGGCCCACCTGTGTGTGATTGGGTCCCATGCTGTCAATGGTGTGGCGAGGATCCAC
TCGGAGATCGTGAAACAGTCGGTCTTTAAGGATTTTTATGAACTGGAGCCAGAGAAGTTC
CAGAATAAGACCAATGGCATCACCCCCCGCCGGTGGCTGCTGCTGTGCAACCCGGGGCTG
GCCGATACCATCGTGGAGAAAATTGGGGAGGAGTTCCTGACTGACCTGAGCCAGCTGAAG
AAGCTGCTGCCGCTGGTCAGTGACGAGGTGTTCATCAGGGACGTGGCCAAGGTCAAACAG
GAGAACAAGCTCAAGTTCTCGGCCTTCCTGGAGAAGGAGTACAAGGTGAAGATCAACCCC
TCCTCCATGTTCGATGTGCATGTGAAGAGGATCCACGAGTACAAGCGGCAGCTGCTCAAC
TGCCTGCACGTCGTCACCCTGTACAATCGAATCAAGAGAGACCCGGCCAAGGCTTTTGTG
CCCAGGACTGTTATGATTGGGGGCAAGGCAGCGCCCGGTTACCACATGGCCAAGCTGATC
ATCAAGTTGGTCACCTCCATCGGCGACGTCGTCAATCATGACCCAGTTGTGGGTGACAGG
TTGAAAGTGATCTTCCTGGAGAACTACCGTGTGTCCTTGGCTGAGAAAGTGATCCCGGCC
GCTGATCTGTCGCAGCAGATCTCCACTGCAGGCACCGAGGCCTCAGGCACAGGCAACATG
AAGTTCATGCTCAACGGGGCCCTCACCATCGGCACCATGGACGGCGCCAACGTGGAGATG
GCCGAGGAGGCCGGGGCCGAGAACCTCTTCATCTTCGGCCTGCGGGTGGAGGATGTCGAG
GCCTTGGACCGGAAAGGGTACAATGCCAGGGAGTACTACGACCACCTGCCCGAGCTGAAG
CAGGCCGTGGACCAGATCAGCAGTGGCTTTTTTTCTCCCAAGGAGCCAGACTGCTTCAAG
GACATCGTGAACATGCTGATGCACCATGACAGGTTCAAGGTGTTTGCAGACTATGAAGCC
TACATGCAGTGCCAGGCACAGGTGGACCAGCTGTACCGGAACCCCAAGGAGTGGACCAAG
AAGGTCATCAGGAACATCGCCTGCTCGGGCAAGTTCTCCAGTGACCGGACCATCACGGAG
TATGCACGGGAGATCTGGGGTGTGGAGCCCTCCGACCTGCAGATCCCGCCCCCCAACATC
CCCCGGGACTAG
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AL121772 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID PYGB Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID PYGB Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:9723 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 5 Locus 20p11.2-p11.1
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References
  1. Newgard CB, Littman DR, van Genderen C, Smith M, Fletterick RJ: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase. Cloning, sequence analysis, chromosomal mapping, tissue expression, and comparison with the human liver and muscle isozymes. J Biol Chem. 1988 Mar 15;263(8):3850-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gelinas RP, Froman BE, McElroy F, Tait RC, Gorin FA: Human brain glycogen phosphorylase: characterization of fetal cDNA and genomic sequences. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 1989 Nov;6(2-3):177-85. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Deloukas P, Matthews LH, Ashurst J, Burton J, Gilbert JG, Jones M, Stavrides G, Almeida JP, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Barlow KF, Bates KN, Beard LM, Beare DM, Beasley OP, Bird CP, Blakey SE, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Buck D, Burrill W, Butler AP, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clamp M, Clark G, Clark LN, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley VE, Collier RE, Connor R, Corby NR, Coulson A, Coville GJ, Deadman R, Dhami P, Dunn M, Ellington AG, Frankland JA, Fraser A, French L, Garner P, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths MN, Gwilliam R, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Heath PD, Ho S, Holden JL, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Jekosch K, Johnson CM, Johnson D, Kay MP, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Lawlor S, Lehvaslaiho MH, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell JD, Marsh VL, Martin SL, McConnachie LJ, McLay K, McMurray AA, Milne S, Mistry D, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Nickerson T, Oliver K, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce TA, Peck AI, Phillimore BJ, Prathalingam SR, Plumb RW, Ramsay H, Rice CM, Ross MT, Scott CE, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Soderlund C, Steward CA, Sulston JE, Swann M, Sycamore N, Taylor R, Tee L, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans AC, Vaudin M, Wall M, Wallis JM, Whitehead SL, Whittaker P, Willey DL, Williams L, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Hubbard T, Durbin RM, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J: The DNA sequence and comparative analysis of human chromosome 20. Nature. 2001 Dec 20-27;414(6866):865-71. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Rikova K, Guo A, Zeng Q, Possemato A, Yu J, Haack H, Nardone J, Lee K, Reeves C, Li Y, Hu Y, Tan Z, Stokes M, Sullivan L, Mitchell J, Wetzel R, Macneill J, Ren JM, Yuan J, Bakalarski CE, Villen J, Kornhauser JM, Smith B, Li D, Zhou X, Gygi SP, Gu TL, Polakiewicz RD, Rush J, Comb MJ: Global survey of phosphotyrosine signaling identifies oncogenic kinases in lung cancer. Cell. 2007 Dec 14;131(6):1190-203. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Oppermann FS, Gnad F, Olsen JV, Hornberger R, Greff Z, Keri G, Mann M, Daub H: Large-scale proteomics analysis of the human kinome. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2009 Jul;8(7):1751-64. Epub 2009 Apr 15. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 6363
Enzyme 6 Name UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Enzyme 6 Synonyms
  1. UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase
  2. UDPGP
  3. UGPase
Enzyme 6 Gene Name UGP2
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >UTP--glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
MSRFVQDLSKAMSQDGASQFQEVIRQELELSVKKELEKILTTASSHEFEHTKKDLDGFRK
LFHRFLQEKGPSVDWGKIQRPPEDSIQPYEKIKARGLPDNISSVLNKLVVVKLNGGLGTS
MGCKGPKSLIGVRNENTFLDLTVQQIEHLNKTYNTDVPLVLMNSFNTDEDTKKILQKYNH
CRVKIYTFNQSRYPRINKESLLPVAKDVSYSGENTEAWYPPGHGDIYASFYNSGLLDTFI
GEGKEYIFVSNIDNLGATVDLYILNHLMNPPNGKRCEFVMEVTNKTRADVKGGTLTQYEG
KLRLVEIAQVPKAHVDEFKSVSKFKIFNTNNLWISLAAVKRLQEQNAIDMEIIVNAKTLD
GGLNVIQLETAVGAAIKSFENSLGINVPRSRFLPVKTTSDLLLVMSNLYSLNAGSLTMSE
KREFPTVPLVKLGSSFTKVQDYLRRFESIPDMLELDHLTVSGDVTFGKNVSLKGTVIIIA
NHGDRIDIPPGAVLENKIVSGNLRILDH
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 508
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 56939.8
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 8.40
Enzyme 6 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleotidyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 6 General Function Involved in nucleotidyltransferase activity
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Plays a central role as a glucosyl donor in cellular metabolic pathways
Enzyme 6 Pathways
Enzyme 6 Reactions
  • UTP + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = diphosphate + UDP-glucose [RN:R00289]
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein 112180805 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q16851 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name UGPA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence >1527 bp
ATGTCGAGATTTGTACAAGATCTTAGCAAAGCAATGTCTCAAGATGGTGCTTCTCAGTTC
CAAGAAGTCATTCGGCAAGAGCTAGAATTATCTGTGAAGAAGGAACTAGAAAAAATACTC
ACCACAGCATCATCACATGAATTTGAGCACACCAAAAAAGACCTGGATGGATTTCGGAAG
CTATTTCATAGATTTTTGCAAGAAAAGGGGCCTTCTGTGGATTGGGGAAAAATCCAGAGA
CCCCCTGAAGATTCGATTCAACCCTATGAAAAGATAAAGGCCAGGGGCTTGCCTGATAAT
ATATCTTCCGTGTTGAACAAACTAGTGGTGGTGAAACTCAATGGTGGTTTGGGAACCAGC
ATGGGCTGCAAAGGCCCTAAAAGTCTGATTGGTGTGAGGAATGAGAATACCTTTCTGGAT
CTGACTGTTCAGCAAATTGAACATTTGAATAAAACCTACAATACAGATGTTCCTCTTGTT
TTAATGAACTCTTTTAACACGGATGAAGATACCAAAAAAATACTACAGAAGTACAATCAT
TGTCGTGTGAAAATCTACACTTTCAATCAAAGCAGGTACCCGAGGATTAATAAAGAATCT
TTACTTCCTGTAGCAAAGGACGTGTCTTACTCAGGGGAAAATACAGAAGCTTGGTACCCT
CCAGGTCATGGTGATATTTACGCCAGTTTCTACAACTCTGGATTGCTTGATACCTTTATA
GGAGAAGGCAAAGAGTATATTTTTGTGTCTAACATAGATAATCTGGGTGCCACAGTGGAT
CTGTATATTCTTAATCATCTAATGAACCCACCCAATGGAAAACGCTGTGAATTTGTCATG
GAAGTCACAAATAAAACACGTGCAGATGTAAAGGGCGGGACACTCACTCAATATGAAGGC
AAACTGAGACTGGTGGAAATTGCTCAAGTGCCAAAAGCACATGTAGACGAGTTCAAGTCT
GTATCAAAGTTCAAAATATTTAATACAAACAACCTATGGATTTCTCTTGCAGCAGTTAAA
AGACTGCAGGAGCAAAATGCCATTGACATGGAAATCATTGTGAATGCAAAGACTTTGGAT
GGAGGCCTGAATGTCATTCAATTAGAAACTGCAGTAGGGGCTGCCATCAAAAGTTTTGAG
AATTCTCTAGGTATTAATGTGCCAAGGAGCCGTTTTCTGCCTGTCAAAACCACATCAGAT
CTCTTGCTGGTGATGTCAAACCTCTATAGTCTTAATGCAGGATCTCTGACAATGAGTGAA
AAGCGGGAATTTCCTACAGTGCCCTTGGTTAAATTAGGCAGTTCTTTTACGAAGGTTCAA
GATTATCTAAGAAGATTTGAAAGTATACCAGATATGCTTGAATTGGATCACCTCACAGTT
TCAGGAGATGTGACATTTGGAAAAAATGTTTCATTAAAGGGAACGGTTATCATCATTGCA
AATCATGGTGACAGAATTGATATCCCACCTGGAGCAGTATTAGAGAACAAGATTGTGTCT
GGAAACCTTCGCATCTTGGACCACTGA
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID BC000173 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID UGP2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID UGP2 Link Image
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID HGNC:12527 Link Image
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 6 Locus 2p14-p13
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References
  1. Peng HL, Chang HY: Cloning of a human liver UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase cDNA by complementation of the bacterial galU mutation. FEBS Lett. 1993 Aug 23;329(1-2):153-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Duggleby RG, Chao YC, Huang JG, Peng HL, Chang HY: Sequence differences between human muscle and liver cDNAs for UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and kinetic properties of the recombinant enzymes expressed in Escherichia coli. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Jan 15;235(1-2):173-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chang HY, Peng HL, Chao YC, Duggleby RG: The importance of conserved residues in human liver UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase. Eur J Biochem. 1996 Mar 1;236(2):723-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 7 [top]
Enzyme 7 ID 6381
Enzyme 7 Name Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Enzyme 7 Synonyms
  1. Gal-1-P uridylyltransferase
  2. UDP-glucose--hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Enzyme 7 Gene Name GALT
Enzyme 7 Protein Sequence >Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
MSRSGTDPQQRQQASEADAAAATFRANDHQHIRYNPLQDEWVLVSAHRMKRPWQGQVEPQ
LLKTVPRHDPLNPLCPGAIRANGEVNPQYDSTFLFDNDFPALQPDAPSPGPSDHPLFQAK
SARGVCKVMCFHPWSDVTLPLMSVPEIRAVVDAWASVTEELGAQYPWVQIFENKGAMMGC
SNPHPHCQVWASSFLPDIAQREERSQQAYKSQHGEPLLMEYSRQELLRKERLVLTSEHWL
VLVPFWATWPYQTLLLPRRHVRRLPELTPAERDDLASIMKKLLTKYDNLFETSFPYSMGW
HGAPTGSEAGANWNHWQLHAHYYPPLLRSATVRKFMVGYEMLAQAQRDLTPEQAAERLRA
LPEVHYHLGQKDRETATIA
Enzyme 7 Number of Residues 379
Enzyme 7 Molecular Weight 43362.8
Enzyme 7 Theoretical pI 6.99
Enzyme 7 GO Classification
Function
  • UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • nucleotidyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
  • transition metal ion binding
  • uridylyltransferase activity
  • zinc ion binding
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • galactose metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 7 General Function Involved in UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
Enzyme 7 Specific Function UDP-glucose + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-galactose
Enzyme 7 Pathways
Enzyme 7 Reactions
  • UDP-glucose + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-galactose [RN:R00955]
Enzyme 7 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 7 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 7 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 7 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 7 GenBank ID Protein 55663283 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P07902 Link Image
Enzyme 7 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GALT_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 7 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 7 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 7 Gene Sequence >1140 bp
ATGTCGCGCAGTGGAACCGATCCTCAGCAACGCCAGCAGGCGTCAGAGGCGGACGCCGCA
GCAGCAACCTTCCGGGCAAACGACCATCAGCATATCCGCTACAACCCGCTGCAGGATGAG
TGGGTGCTGGTGTCAGCTCACCGCATGAAGCGGCCCTGGCAGGGTCAAGTGGAGCCCCAG
CTTCTGAAGACAGTGCCCCGCCATGACCCTCTCAACCCTCTGTGTCCTGGGGCCATCCGA
GCCAACGGAGAGGTGAATCCCCAGTACGATAGCACCTTCCTGTTTGACAACGACTTCCCA
GCTCTGCAGCCTGATGCCCCCAGTCCAGGACCCAGTGATCATCCCCTTTTCCAAGCAAAG
TCTGCTCGAGGAGTCTGTAAGGTCATGTGCTTCCACCCCTGGTCGGATGTAACGCTGCCA
CTCATGTCGGTCCCTGAGATCCGGGCTGTTGTTGATGCATGGGCCTCAGTCACAGAGGAG
CTGGGTGCCCAGTACCCTTGGGTGCAGATCTTTGAAAACAAAGGTGCCATGATGGGCTGT
TCTAACCCCCACCCCCACTGCCAGGTATGGGCCAGCAGTTTCCTGCCAGATATTGCCCAG
CGTGAGGAGCGATCTCAGCAGGCCTATAAGAGTCAGCATGGAGAGCCCCTGCTAATGGAG
TACAGCCGCCAGGAGCTACTCAGGAAGGAACGTCTGGTCCTAACCAGTGAGCACTGGTTA
GTACTGGTCCCCTTCTGGGCAACATGGCCCTACCAGACACTGCTGCTGCCCCGTCGGCAT
GTGCGGCGGCTACCTGAGCTGACCCCTGCTGAGCGTGATGATCTAGCCTCCATCATGAAG
AAGCTCTTGACCAAGTATGACAACCTCTTTGAGACGTCCTTTCCCTACTCCATGGGCTGG
CATGGGGCTCCCACAGGATCAGAGGCTGGGGCCAACTGGAACCATTGGCAGCTGCACGCT
CATTACTACCCTCCGCTCCTGCGCTCTGCCACTGTCCGGAAATTCATGGTTGGCTACGAA
ATGCTTGCTCAGGCTCAGAGGGACCTCACCCCTGAGCAGGCTGCAGAGAGACTAAGGGCA
CTTCCTGAGGTTCATTACCACCTGGGGCAGAAGGACAGGGAGACAGCAACCATCGCCTGA
Enzyme 7 GenBank Gene ID AL162231 Link Image
Enzyme 7 GeneCard ID GALT Link Image
Enzyme 7 GenAtlas ID GALT Link Image
Enzyme 7 HGNC ID HGNC:4135 Link Image
Enzyme 7 Chromosome Location 9
Enzyme 7 Locus 9p13
Enzyme 7 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 7 General References
  1. Reichardt JK, Berg P: Cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. Mol Biol Med. 1988 Apr;5(2):107-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Flach JE, Reichardt JK, Elsas LJ 2nd: Sequence of a cDNA encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. Mol Biol Med. 1990 Aug;7(4):365-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Leslie ND, Immerman EB, Flach JE, Florez M, Fridovich-Keil JL, Elsas LJ: The human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene. Genomics. 1992 Oct;14(2):474-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Humphray SJ, Oliver K, Hunt AR, Plumb RW, Loveland JE, Howe KL, Andrews TD, Searle S, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Jones MC, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Babbage S, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford D, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Chen Y, Clarke G, Clark SY, Clee CM, Clegg S, Collier RE, Corby N, Crosier M, Cummings AT, Davies J, Dhami P, Dunn M, Dutta I, Dyer LW, Earthrowl ME, Faulkner L, Fleming CJ, Frankish A, Frankland JA, French L, Fricker DG, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori J, Gilbert JG, Glison C, Grafham DV, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Guy J, Hall RE, Hammond S, Harley JL, Harrison ES, Hart EA, Heath PD, Henderson CD, Hopkins BL, Howard PJ, Howden PJ, Huckle E, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan S, Kershaw JK, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, McLaren S, McLay KE, McMurray A, Milne S, Nickerson T, Nisbett J, Nordsiek G, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Porter KM, Pandian R, Pelan S, Phillimore B, Povey S, Ramsey Y, Rand V, Scharfe M, Sehra HK, Shownkeen R, Sims SK, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward CA, Swarbreck D, Sycamore N, Tester J, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Thomas DW, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, Whitehead SL, Willey DL, Williams SA, Wilming L, Wray PW, Young L, Ashurst JL, Coulson A, Blocker H, Durbin R, Sulston JE, Hubbard T, Jackson MJ, Bentley DR, Beck S, Rogers J, Dunham I: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 9. Nature. 2004 May 27;429(6990):369-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Reichardt JK: Genetic basis of galactosemia. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(3):190-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Tyfield L, Reichardt J, Fridovich-Keil J, Croke DT, Elsas LJ 2nd, Strobl W, Kozak L, Coskun T, Novelli G, Okano Y, Zekanowski C, Shin Y, Boleda MD: Classical galactosemia and mutations at the galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT) gene. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):417-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Reichardt JK, Packman S, Woo SL: Molecular characterization of two galactosemia mutations: correlation of mutations with highly conserved domains in galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Oct;49(4):860-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Reichardt JK, Woo SL: Molecular basis of galactosemia: mutations and polymorphisms in the gene encoding human galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2633-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Reichardt JK, Levy HL, Woo SL: Molecular characterization of two galactosemia mutations and one polymorphism: implications for structure-function analysis of human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase. Biochemistry. 1992 Jun 23;31(24):5430-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Reichardt JK, Belmont JW, Levy HL, Woo SL: Characterization of two missense mutations in human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase: different molecular mechanisms for galactosemia. Genomics. 1992 Mar;12(3):596-600. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Reichardt JK, Novelli G, Dallapiccola B: Molecular characterization of the H319Q galactosemia mutation. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Mar;2(3):325-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Lin HC, Kirby LT, Ng WG, Reichardt JK: On the molecular nature of the Duarte variant of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT). Hum Genet. 1994 Feb;93(2):167-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Elsas LJ, Langley S, Steele E, Evinger J, Fridovich-Keil JL, Brown A, Singh R, Fernhoff P, Hjelm LN, Dembure PP: Galactosemia: a strategy to identify new biochemical phenotypes and molecular genotypes. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):630-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Fridovich-Keil JL, Langley SD, Mazur LA, Lennon JC, Dembure PP, Elsas JL 2nd: Identification and functional analysis of three distinct mutations in the human galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene associated with galactosemia in a single family. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Mar;56(3):640-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Sommer M, Gathof BS, Podskarbi T, Giugliani R, Kleinlein B, Shin YS: Mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene of two families with mild galactosaemia variants. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(5):567-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Ashino J, Okano Y, Suyama I, Yamazaki T, Yoshino M, Furuyama J, Lin HC, Reichardt JK, Isshiki G: Molecular characterization of galactosemia (type 1) mutations in Japanese. Hum Mutat. 1995;6(1):36-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Shin YS, Gathof BS, Podskarbi T, Sommer M, Giugliani R, Gresser U: Three missense mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase gene of three families with mild galactosaemia. Eur J Pediatr. 1996 May;155(5):393-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Maceratesi P, Sangiuolo F, Novelli G, Ninfali P, Magnani M, Reichardt JK, Dallapiccola B: Three new mutations (P183T, V150L, 528insG) and eleven sequence polymorphisms in Italian patients with galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(4):369-72. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Ninfali P, Bresolin N, Dallapiccola B, Novelli G: Molecular basis of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency involving skeletal muscle. J Neurol. 1996 Jan;243(1):102-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Greber-Platzer S, Guldberg P, Scheibenreiter S, Item C, Schuller E, Patel N, Strobl W: Molecular heterogeneity of classical and Duarte galactosemia: mutation analysis by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. Hum Mutat. 1997;10(1):49-57. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Seyrantepe V, Ozguc M, Coskun T, Ozalp I, Reichardt JK: Identification of mutations in the galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) gene in 16 Turkish patients with galactosemia, including a novel mutation of F294Y. Mutation in brief no. 235. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(4):339. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Bosch AM, Ijlst L, Oostheim W, Mulders J, Bakker HD, Wijburg FA, Wanders RJ, Waterham HR: Identification of novel mutations in classical galactosemia. Hum Mutat. 2005 May;25(5):502. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 7 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 8 [top]
Enzyme 8 ID 6386
Enzyme 8 Name Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase
Enzyme 8 Synonyms
  1. UDPG pyrophosphatase
  2. UGPPase
  3. Nucleoside diphosphate-linked moiety X motif 14
  4. Nudix motif 14
Enzyme 8 Gene Name NUDT14
Enzyme 8 Protein Sequence >Uridine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphatase
MERIEGASVGRCAASPYLRPLTLHYRQNGAQKSWDFMKTHDSVTVLLFNSSRRSLVLVKQ
FRPAVYAGEVERRFPGSLAAVDQDGPRELQPALPGSAGVTVELCAGLVDQPGLSLEEVAC
KEAWEECGYHLAPSDLRRVATYWSGVGLTGSRQTMFYTEVTDAQRSGPGGGLVEEGELIE
VVHLPLEGAQAFADDPDIPKTLGVIFGVSWFLSQVAPNLDLQ
Enzyme 8 Number of Residues 222
Enzyme 8 Molecular Weight 24118.1
Enzyme 8 Theoretical pI 4.69
Enzyme 8 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides
  • hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
  • ion binding
  • metal ion binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 8 General Function Involved in hydrolase activity, acting on acid anhydrides, in phosphorus-containing anhydrides
Enzyme 8 Specific Function Hydrolyzes UDP-glucose to glucose 1-phosphate and UMP and ADP-ribose to ribose 5-phosphate and AMP. The physiological substrate is probably UDP-glucose. Poor activity on other substrates such as ADP-glucose, CDP-glucose, GDP-glucose and GDP- mannose
Enzyme 8 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 8 Reactions
  • UDP-sugar + H2O = UMP + alpha-D-aldose 1-phosphate [RN:R03986]
Enzyme 8 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 8 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 8 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 8 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 8 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95848 Link Image
Enzyme 8 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name NUD14_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 8 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 8 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 8 Gene Sequence >669 bp
ATGGAGCGCATCGAGGGGGCGTCCGTGGGCCGCTGCGCCGCCTCACCCTACCTGCGGCCG
CTCACGCTGCATTACCGCCAGAATGGTGCCCAGAAGTCCTGGGACTTCATGAAGACGCAT
GACAGCGTGACCGTTCTCTTATTCAACTCTTCTCGGAGGAGCCTGGTGTTGGTGAAGCAG
TTCCGGCCAGCTGTGTATGCGGGTGAGGTGGAGCGCCGCTTCCCAGGGTCCCTAGCAGCT
GTAGACCAGGACGGGCCTCGGGAGCTACAGCCAGCCCTGCCCGGCTCAGCGGGGGTGACA
GTTGAGCTGTGTGCCGGCCTCGTGGACCAGCCTGGGCTCTCGCTGGAGGAAGTGGCTTGC
AAGGAGGCTTGGGAGGAGTGTGGCTACCACTTGGCCCCCTCTGATCTGCGCCGGGTCGCC
ACATACTGGTCTGGAGTGGGACTGACTGGCTCCAGACAGACCATGTTCTACACAGAGGTG
ACAGATGCCCAGCGTAGCGGTCCAGGTGGGGGCCTGGTGGAGGAGGGTGAGCTCATTGAG
GTGGTGCACCTGCCCCTGGAAGGCGCCCAGGCCTTTGCAGACGACCCGGACATCCCCAAG
ACCCTCGGCGTCATCTTTGGTGTCTCATGGTTCCTCAGCCAGGTGGCCCCCAACCTGGAT
CTCCAGTGA
Enzyme 8 GenBank Gene ID AB087802 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GeneCard ID NUDT14 Link Image
Enzyme 8 GenAtlas ID NUDT14 Link Image
Enzyme 8 HGNC ID HGNC:20141 Link Image
Enzyme 8 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 8 Locus 14q32.33
Enzyme 8 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 8 General References
  1. Deng Y, Madan A, Banta AB, Friedman C, Trask BJ, Hood L, Li L: Characterization, chromosomal localization, and the complete 30-kb DNA sequence of the human Jagged2 (JAG2) gene. Genomics. 2000 Jan 1;63(1):133-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Yagi T, Baroja-Fernandez E, Yamamoto R, Munoz FJ, Akazawa T, Hong KS, Pozueta-Romero J: Cloning, expression and characterization of a mammalian Nudix hydrolase-like enzyme that cleaves the pyrophosphate bond of UDP-glucose. Biochem J. 2003 Mar 1;370(Pt 2):409-15. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Heilig R, Eckenberg R, Petit JL, Fonknechten N, Da Silva C, Cattolico L, Levy M, Barbe V, de Berardinis V, Ureta-Vidal A, Pelletier E, Vico V, Anthouard V, Rowen L, Madan A, Qin S, Sun H, Du H, Pepin K, Artiguenave F, Robert C, Cruaud C, Bruls T, Jaillon O, Friedlander L, Samson G, Brottier P, Cure S, Segurens B, Aniere F, Samain S, Crespeau H, Abbasi N, Aiach N, Boscus D, Dickhoff R, Dors M, Dubois I, Friedman C, Gouyvenoux M, James R, Madan A, Mairey-Estrada B, Mangenot S, Martins N, Menard M, Oztas S, Ratcliffe A, Shaffer T, Trask B, Vacherie B, Bellemere C, Belser C, Besnard-Gonnet M, Bartol-Mavel D, Boutard M, Briez-Silla S, Combette S, Dufosse-Laurent V, Ferron C, Lechaplais C, Louesse C, Muselet D, Magdelenat G, Pateau E, Petit E, Sirvain-Trukniewicz P, Trybou A, Vega-Czarny N, Bataille E, Bluet E, Bordelais I, Dubois M, Dumont C, Guerin T, Haffray S, Hammadi R, Muanga J, Pellouin V, Robert D, Wunderle E, Gauguet G, Roy A, Sainte-Marthe L, Verdier J, Verdier-Discala C, Hillier L, Fulton L, McPherson J, Matsuda F, Wilson R, Scarpelli C, Gyapay G, Wincker P, Saurin W, Quetier F, Waterston R, Hood L, Weissenbach J: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 14. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):601-7. Epub 2003 Jan 1. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 8 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 9 [top]
Enzyme 9 ID 6399
Enzyme 9 Name Phosphoglucomutase-1
Enzyme 9 Synonyms
  1. PGM 1
  2. Glucose phosphomutase 1
Enzyme 9 Gene Name PGM1
Enzyme 9 Protein Sequence >Phosphoglucomutase-1
MVKIVTVKTQAYQDQKPGTSGLRKRVKVFQSSANYAENFIQSIISTVEPAQRQEATLVVG
GDGRFYMKEAIQLIARIAAANGIGRLVIGQNGILSTPAVSCIIRKIKAIGGIILTASHNP
GGPNGDFGIKFNISNGGPAPEAITDKIFQISKTIEEYAVCPDLKVDLGVLGKQQFDLENK
FKPFTVEIVDSVEAYATMLRSIFDFSALKELLSGPNRLKIRIDAMHGVVGPYVKKILCEE
LGAPANSAVNCVPLEDFGGHHPDPNLTYAADLVETMKSGEHDFGAAFDGDGDRNMILGKH
GFFVNPSDSVAVIAANIFSIPYFQQTGVRGFARSMPTSGALDRVASATKIALYETPTGWK
FFGNLMDASKLSLCGEESFGTGSDHIREKDGLWAVLAWLSILATRKQSVEDILKDHWQKY
GRNFFTRYDYEEVEAEGANKMMKDLEALMFDRSFVGKQFSANDKVYTVEKADNFEYSDPV
DGSISRNQGLRLIFTDGSRIVFRLSGTGSAGATIRLYIDSYEKDVAKINQDPQVMLAPLI
SIALKVSQLQERTGRTAPTVIT
Enzyme 9 Number of Residues 562
Enzyme 9 Molecular Weight 61448.6
Enzyme 9 Theoretical pI 6.72
Enzyme 9 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • ion binding
  • isomerase activity
  • magnesium ion binding
  • metal ion binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 9 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 9 Specific Function This enzyme participates in both the breakdown and synthesis of glucose
Enzyme 9 Pathways
Enzyme 9 Reactions
  • alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = D-glucose 6-phosphate [RN:R08639]
Enzyme 9 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 9 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 9 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 9 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 9 GenBank ID Protein 189926 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P36871 Link Image
Enzyme 9 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGM1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB ID 1C47 Link Image
Enzyme 9 PDB File Show
Enzyme 9 3D Structure
Enzyme 9 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 9 Gene Sequence >1689 bp
ATGGTGAAGATCGTGACAGTTAAGACCCAGGCGTACCAGGACCAGAAGCCGGGCACGAGC
GGGCTGCGGAAGCGGGTGAAGGTGTTCCAGAGCAGCGCCAACTACGCGGAGAACTTCATC
CAGAGTATCATCTCCACCGTGGAGCCGGCGCAGCGGCAGGAGGCCACGCTGGTGGTGGGC
GGGGACGGCCGGTTCTACATGAAGGAGGCCATCCAGCTCATCGCTCGCATCGCTGCCGCC
AACGGGATCGGTCGCTTGGTTATCGGACAGAATGGAATCCTCTCCACCCCTGCTGTATCC
TGCATCATTAGAAAAATCAAAGCCATTGGTGGGATCATTCTGACAGCCAGTCACAACCCA
GGGGGCCCCAATGGAGATTTTGGAATCAAATTCAATATTTCTAATGGAGGTCCTGCTCCA
GAAGCAATAACTGATAAAATTTTCCAAATCAGCAAGACAATTGAAGAATATGCAGTTTGC
CCTGACCTGAAAGTAGACCTTGGTGTTCTGGGAAAGCAGCAGTTTGACTTGGAAAATAAG
TTCAAACCCTTCACAGTGGAAATTGTGGATTCGGTAGAAGCTTATGCTACAATGCTGAGA
AGCATCTTTGATTTCAGTGCACTGAAAGAACTACTTTCTGGGCCAAACCGACTGAAGATC
TGTATTGATGCTATGCATGGAGTTGTGGGACCGTATGTAAAGAAGATCCTCTGTGAAGAA
CTCGGTGCCCCTGCGAACTCGGCAGTTAACTGCGTTCCTCTGGAGGACTTTGGAGGCCAC
CACCCTGACCCCAACCTCACCTATGCAGCTGACCTGGTGGAGACCATGAAGTCAGGAGAG
CATGATTTTGGGGCTGCCTTTGATGGAGATGGGGATCGAAACATGATTCTGGGCAAGCAT
GGGTTCTTTGTGAACCCTTCAGACTCTGTGGCTGTCATTGCTGCCAACATCTTCAGCATT
CCGTATTTCCAGCAGACTGGGGTCCGCGGCTTTGCACGGAGCATGCCCACGAGTGGTGCT
CTGGACCGGGTGGCTAGTGCTACAAAGATTGCTTTGTATGAGACCCCAACTGGCTGGAAG
TTTTTTGGGAATTTGATGGACGCGAGCAAACTGTCCCTTTGTGGGGAGGAGAGCTTCGGG
ACCGGTTCTGACCACATCCGTGAGAAAGATGGACTGTGGGCTGTCCTTGCCTGGCTCTCC
ATCCTAGCCACCCGCAAGCAGAGTGTGGAGGACATTCTCAAAGATCATTGGCAAAAGCAT
GGCCGGAATTTCTTCACCAGGTATGATTACGAGGAGGTGGAAGCTGAGGGCGCAAACAAA
ATGATGAAGGACTTGGAGGCCCTGATGTTTGATCGCTCCTTTGTGGGGAAGCAGTTCTCA
GCAAATGACAAAGTTTACACTGTGGAGAAGGCCGATAACTTTGAATACAGCGACCCAGTG
GATGGAAGCATTTCAAGAAATCAGGGCTTGCGCCTCATTTTCACAGATGGTTCTCGAATC
GTCTTCCGACTGAGCGGCACTGGGAGTGCCGGGGCCACCATTCGGCTGTACATCGATAGC
TATGAGAAGGACGTTGCCAAGATTAACCAGGACCCCCAGGTCATGTTGGCCCCCCTTATT
TCCATTGCTCTGAAAGTGTCCCAGCTGCAGGAGAGGACGGGACGCACTGCACCCACTGTC
ATCACCTAA
Enzyme 9 GenBank Gene ID M83088 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GeneCard ID PGM1 Link Image
Enzyme 9 GenAtlas ID PGM1 Link Image
Enzyme 9 HGNC ID HGNC:8905 Link Image
Enzyme 9 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 9 Locus 1p31
Enzyme 9 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 9 General References
  1. Whitehouse DB, Putt W, Lovegrove JU, Morrison K, Hollyoake M, Fox MF, Hopkinson DA, Edwards YH: Phosphoglucomutase 1: complete human and rabbit mRNA sequences and direct mapping of this highly polymorphic marker on human chromosome 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Jan 1;89(1):411-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Putt W, Ives JH, Hollyoake M, Hopkinson DA, Whitehouse DB, Edwards YH: Phosphoglucomutase 1: a gene with two promoters and a duplicated first exon. Biochem J. 1993 Dec 1;296 ( Pt 2):417-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Yu LR, Zhu Z, Chan KC, Issaq HJ, Dimitrov DS, Veenstra TD: Improved titanium dioxide enrichment of phosphopeptides from HeLa cells and high confident phosphopeptide identification by cross-validation of MS/MS and MS/MS/MS spectra. J Proteome Res. 2007 Nov;6(11):4150-62. Epub 2007 Oct 9. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Heibeck TH, Ding SJ, Opresko LK, Zhao R, Schepmoes AA, Yang F, Tolmachev AV, Monroe ME, Camp DG 2nd, Smith RD, Wiley HS, Qian WJ: An extensive survey of tyrosine phosphorylation revealing new sites in human mammary epithelial cells. J Proteome Res. 2009 Aug;8(8):3852-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Takahashi N, Neel JV: Intragenic recombination at the human phosphoglucomutase 1 locus: predictions fulfilled. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 15;90(22):10725-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. March RE, Putt W, Hollyoake M, Ives JH, Lovegrove JU, Hopkinson DA, Edwards YH, Whitehouse DB: The classical human phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) isozyme polymorphism is generated by intragenic recombination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Nov 15;90(22):10730-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Stojkovic T, Vissing J, Petit F, Piraud M, Orngreen MC, Andersen G, Claeys KG, Wary C, Hogrel JY, Laforet P: Muscle glycogenosis due to phosphoglucomutase 1 deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jul 23;361(4):425-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 9 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 10 [top]
Enzyme 10 ID 6884
Enzyme 10 Name Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase
Enzyme 10 Synonyms
  1. PAGM
  2. Acetylglucosamine phosphomutase
  3. N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase
  4. Phosphoglucomutase-3
  5. PGM 3
Enzyme 10 Gene Name PGM3
Enzyme 10 Protein Sequence >Phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase
MDLGAITKYSALHAKPNGLILQYGTAGFRTKAEHLDHVMFRMGLLAVLRSKQTKSTIGVM
VTASHNPEEDNGVKLVDPLGEMLAPSWEEHATCLANAEEQDMQRVLIDISEKEAVNLQQD
AFVVIGRDTRPSSEKLSQSVIDGVTVLGGQFHDYGLLTTPQLHYMVYCRNTGGRYGKATI
EGYYQKLSKAFVELTKQASCSGDEYRSLKVDCANGIGALKLREMEHYFSQGLSVQLFNDG
SKGKLNHLCGADFVKSHQKPPQGMEIKSNERCCSFDGDADRIVYYYHDADGHFHLIDGDK
IATLISSFLKELLVEIGESLNIGVVQTAYANGSSTRYLEEVMKVPVYCTKTGVKHLHHKA
QEFDIGVYFEANGHGTALFSTAVEMKIKQSAEQLEDKKRKAAKMLENIIDLFNQAAGDAI
SDMLVIEAILALKGLTVQQWDALYTDLPNRQLKVQVADRRVISTTDAERQAVTPPGLQEA
INDLVKKYKLSRAFVRPSGTEDVVRVYAEADSQESADHLAHEVSLAVFQLAGGIGERPQP
GF
Enzyme 10 Number of Residues 542
Enzyme 10 Molecular Weight 59851.5
Enzyme 10 Theoretical pI 6.21
Enzyme 10 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • ion binding
  • isomerase activity
  • magnesium ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase activity
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 10 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 10 Specific Function Interconverts GlcNAc-6-P and GlcNAc-1-P
Enzyme 10 Pathways
Enzyme 10 Reactions
  • N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosamine 1-phosphate = N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 6-phosphate [RN:R08193]
Enzyme 10 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 10 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 10 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 10 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 10 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95394 Link Image
Enzyme 10 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AGM1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB ID 1WJW Link Image
Enzyme 10 PDB File Show
Enzyme 10 3D Structure
Enzyme 10 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 10 Gene Sequence >1629 bp
ATGGATTTAGGTGCTATTACAAAATACTCAGCATTACACGCCAAGCCCAATGGACTGATC
CTTCAATACGGGACTGCTGGATTTCGAACGAAGGCAGAACATCTTGATCATGTCATGTTT
CGCATGGGATTATTAGCTGTCCTGAGGTCAAAACAGACAAAATCCACTATAGGAGTCATG
GTAACAGCGTCCCACAATCCTGAGGAAGACAATGGTGTAAAATTGGTTGATCCTTTGGGT
GAAATGTTGGCACCATCCTGGGAGGAACATGCCACCTGTTTAGCAAATGCTGAGGAACAA
GATATGCAGAGAGTGCTTATTGACATCAGCGAGAAAGAAGCTGTGAATCTGCAACAAGAT
GCCTTTGTAGTTATTGGTAGAGATACCAGGCCCAGCAGTGAGAAACTTTCACAATCTGTA
ATAGATGGTGTGACTGTTCTAGGAGGTCAATTCCATGATTATGGCTTGTTAACAACACCC
CAGCTGCACTACATGGTGTATTGTCGAAACACGGGTGGCCGATATGGAAAGGCAACTATA
GAAGGTTACTACCAGAAACTCTCTAAGGCTTTTGTGGAACTCACCAAACAGGCTTCTTGC
AGTGGAGATGAATACAGATCACTTAAGGTTGACTGTGCAAATGGCATAGGGGCCCTGAAG
CTAAGGGAAATGGAACACTACTTCTCACAGGGCCTGTCAGTTCAGCTGTTTAATGATGGG
TCCAAGGGCAAACTCAATCATTTATGTGGAGCTGACTTTGTGAAAAGTCATCAGAAACCT
CCACAGGGAATGGAAATTAAGTCCAATGAAAGATGCTGTTCTTTTGATGGAGATGCAGAC
AGAATTGTTTATTACTACCATGATGCAGATGGCCACTTTCATCTCATAGATGGAGACAAG
ATAGCAACGTTAATTAGCAGTTTCCTTAAAGAGCTCCTGGTGGAGATTGGAGAAAGTTTG
AATATTGGTGTTGTACAAACTGCATATGCAAATGGAAGTTCAACACGGTATCTTGAAGAA
GTTATGAAGGTACCTGTCTATTGCACTAAGACTGGTGTAAAACATTTGCACCACAAGGCT
CAAGAGTTTGACATTGGAGTTTATTTTGAAGCAAATGGGCATGGCACTGCACTGTTTAGT
ACAGCTGTTGAAATGAAGATAAAACAATCAGCAGAACAACTGGAAGATAAGAAAAGAAAA
GCTGCTAAGATGCTTGAAAACATTATTGACTTGTTTAACCAGGCAGCTGGTGATGCTATT
TCTGACATGCTGGTGATTGAAGCAATCTTGGCTCTGAAGGGCTTGACTGTACAACAGTGG
GATGCTCTCTATACAGATCTTCCAAACAGACAACTTAAAGTTCAGGTTGCAGACAGGAGA
GTTATTAGCACTACCGATGCTGAAAGACAAGCAGTTACACCCCCAGGATTACAGGAGGCA
ATCAATGACCTGGTGAAGAAGTACAAGCTTTCTCGAGCTTTTGTCCGGCCCTCTGGTACA
GAAGATGTCGTCCGAGTATATGCAGAAGCAGACTCACAAGAAAGTGCAGATCACCTTGCA
CATGAAGTGAGCTTGGCAGTATTTCAGCTGGCTGGAGGAATTGGAGAAAGGCCCCAACCA
GGTTTCTGA
Enzyme 10 GenBank Gene ID AF102265 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GeneCard ID PGM3 Link Image
Enzyme 10 GenAtlas ID PGM3 Link Image
Enzyme 10 HGNC ID HGNC:8907 Link Image
Enzyme 10 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 10 Locus 6q14.1-q15
Enzyme 10 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 10 General References
  1. Li C, Rodriguez M, Banerjee D: Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA encoding human N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase protein. Gene. 2000 Jan 25;242(1-2):97-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Mio T, Yamada-Okabe T, Arisawa M, Yamada-Okabe H: Functional cloning and mutational analysis of the human cDNA for phosphoacetylglucosamine mutase: identification of the amino acid residues essential for the catalysis. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jul 24;1492(2-3):369-76. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Mungall AJ, Palmer SA, Sims SK, Edwards CA, Ashurst JL, Wilming L, Jones MC, Horton R, Hunt SE, Scott CE, Gilbert JG, Clamp ME, Bethel G, Milne S, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Andrews TD, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Banerjee R, Barker DJ, Barlow KF, Bates K, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Bird CP, Blakey S, Bray-Allen S, Brook J, Brown AJ, Brown JY, Burford DC, Burrill W, Burton J, Carder C, Carter NP, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clark G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Cobley V, Collier RE, Collins JE, Colman LK, Corby NR, Coville GJ, Culley KM, Dhami P, Davies J, Dunn M, Earthrowl ME, Ellington AE, Evans KA, Faulkner L, Francis MD, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Ghori MJ, Gilby LM, Gillson CJ, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Grant M, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Griffiths M, Hall R, Halls KS, Hammond S, Harley JL, Hart EA, Heath PD, Heathcott R, Holmes SJ, Howden PJ, Howe KL, Howell GR, Huckle E, Humphray SJ, Humphries MD, Hunt AR, Johnson CM, Joy AA, Kay M, Keenan SJ, Kimberley AM, King A, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Leversha M, Lloyd CR, Lloyd DM, Loveland JE, Lovell J, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Maslen GL, Matthews L, McCann OT, McLaren SJ, McLay K, McMurray A, Moore MJ, Mullikin JC, Niblett D, Nickerson T, Novik KL, Oliver K, Overton-Larty EK, Parker A, Patel R, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Phillimore B, Phillips S, Plumb RW, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Ranby SA, Rice CM, Ross MT, Searle SM, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Skuce CD, Smith S, Smith M, Spraggon L, Squares SL, Steward CA, Sycamore N, Tamlyn-Hall G, Tester J, Theaker AJ, Thomas DW, Thorpe A, Tracey A, Tromans A, Tubby B, Wall M, Wallis JM, West AP, White SS, Whitehead SL, Whittaker H, Wild A, Willey DJ, Wilmer TE, Wood JM, Wray PW, Wyatt JC, Young L, Younger RM, Bentley DR, Coulson A, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Sulston JE, Dunham I, Rogers J, Beck S: The DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 6. Nature. 2003 Oct 23;425(6960):805-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Pang H, Koda Y, Soejima M, Kimura H: Identification of human phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3) as N-acetylglucosamine-phosphate mutase (AGM1). Ann Hum Genet. 2002 Mar;66(Pt 2):139-44. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 10 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 11 [top]
Enzyme 11 ID 7152
Enzyme 11 Name Glucosylceramidase
Enzyme 11 Synonyms
  1. Acid beta-glucosidase
  2. Alglucerase
  3. Beta-glucocerebrosidase
  4. D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine glucohydrolase
  5. Imiglucerase
Enzyme 11 Gene Name GBA
Enzyme 11 Protein Sequence >Glucosylceramidase
MEFSSPSREECPKPLSRVSIMAGSLTGLLLLQAVSWASGARPCIPKSFGYSSVVCVCNAT
YCDSFDPPTFPALGTFSRYESTRSGRRMELSMGPIQANHTGTGLLLTLQPEQKFQKVKGF
GGAMTDAAALNILALSPPAQNLLLKSYFSEEGIGYNIIRVPMASCDFSIRTYTYADTPDD
FQLHNFSLPEEDTKLKIPLIHRALQLAQRPVSLLASPWTSPTWLKTNGAVNGKGSLKGQP
GDIYHQTWARYFVKFLDAYAEHKLQFWAVTAENEPSAGLLSGYPFQCLGFTPEHQRDFIA
RDLGPTLANSTHHNVRLLMLDDQRLLLPHWAKVVLTDPEAAKYVHGIAVHWYLDFLAPAK
ATLGETHRLFPNTMLFASEACVGSKFWEQSVRLGSWDRGMQYSHSIITNLLYHVVGWTDW
NLALNPEGGPNWVRNFVDSPIIVDITKDTFYKQPMFYHLGHFSKFIPEGSQRVGLVASQK
NDLDAVALMHPDGSAVVVVLNRSSKDVPLTIKDPAVGFLETISPGYSIHTYLWRRQ
Enzyme 11 Number of Residues 536
Enzyme 11 Molecular Weight 59715.7
Enzyme 11 Theoretical pI 7.66
Enzyme 11 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • glucosylceramidase activity
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
  • hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
  • ion binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • cellular component organization at cellular level
  • cellular lipid metabolic process
  • cellular process
  • lipid metabolic process
  • lysosome organization
  • membrane lipid metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • organelle organization
  • primary metabolic process
  • sphingolipid metabolic process
  • vacuole organization
Component
  • intracellular membrane-bounded organelle
  • lysosome
  • lytic vacuole
  • membrane-bounded organelle
  • organelle
  • vacuole
Enzyme 11 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 11 Specific Function D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H(2)O = D- glucose + N-acylsphingosine
Enzyme 11 Pathways
Enzyme 11 Reactions
  • D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine + H2O = D-glucose + N-acylsphingosine [RN:R01498]
Enzyme 11 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 11 Signals
  • 1-39
Enzyme 11 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 11 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 11 GenBank ID Protein 2564914 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P04062 Link Image
Enzyme 11 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLCM_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB ID 1Y7V Link Image
Enzyme 11 PDB File Show
Enzyme 11 3D Structure
Enzyme 11 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 11 Gene Sequence >1611 bp
ATGGAGTTTTCAAGTCCTTCCAGAGAGGAATGTCCCAAGCCTTTGAGTAGGGTAAGCATC
ATGGCTGGCAGCCTCACAGGATTGCTTCTACTTCAGGCAGTGTCGTGGGCATCAGGTGCC
CGCCCCTGCATCCCTAAAAGCTTCGGCTACAGCTCGGTGGTGTGTGTCTGCAATGCCACA
TACTGTGACTCCTTTGACCCCCCGACCTTTCCTGCCCTTGGTACCTTCAGCCGCTATGAG
AGTACACGCAGTGGGCGACGGATGGAGCTGAGTATGGGGCCCATCCAGGCTAATCACACG
GGCACAGGCCTGCTACTGACCCTGCAGCCAGAACAGAAGTTCCAGAAAGTGAAGGGATTT
GGAGGGGCCATGACAGATGCTGCTGCTCTCAACATCCTTGCCCTGTCACCCCCTGCCCAA
AATTTGCTACTTAAATCGTACTTCTCTGAAGAAGGAATCGGATATAACATCATCCGGGTA
CCCATGGCCAGCTGTGACTTCTCCATCCGCACCTACACCTATGCAGACACCCCTGATGAT
TTCCAGTTGCACAACTTCAGCCTCCCAGAGGAAGATACCAAGCTCAAGATACCCCTGATT
CACCGAGCCCTGCAGTTGGCCCAGCGTCCCGTTTCACTCCTTGCCAGCCCCTGGACATCA
CCCACTTGGCTCAAGACCAATGGAGCGGTGAATGGGAAGGGGTCACTCAAGGGACAGCCC
GGAGACATCTACCACCAGACCTGGGCCAGATACTTTGTGAAGTTCCTGGATGCCTATGCT
GAGCACAAGTTACAGTTCTGGGCAGTGACAGCTGAAAATGAGCCTTCTGCTGGGCTGTTG
AGTGGATACCCCTTCCAGTGCCTGGGCTTCACCCCTGAACATCAGCGAGACTTCATTGCC
CGTGACCTAGGTCCTACCCTCGCCAACAGTACTCACCACAATGTCCGCCTACTCATGCTG
GATGACCAACGCTTGCTGCTGCCCCACTGGGCAAAGGTGGTACTGACAGACCCAGAAGCA
GCTAAATATGTTCATGGCATTGCTGTACATTGGTACCTGGACTTTCTGGCTCCAGCCAAA
GCCACCCTAGGGGAGACACACCGCCTGTTCCCCAACACCATGCTCTTTGCCTCAGAGGCC
TGTGTGGGCTCCAAGTTCTGGGAGCAGAGTGTGCGGCTAGGCTCCTGGGATCGAGGGATG
CAGTACAGCCACAGCATCATCACGAACCTCCTGTACCATGTGGTCGGCTGGACCGACTGG
AACCTTGCCCTGAACCCCGAAGGAGGACCCAATTGGGTGCGTAACTTTGTCGACAGTCCC
ATCATTGTAGACATCACCAAGGACACGTTTTACAAACAGCCCATGTTCTACCACCTTGGC
CACTTCAGCAAGTTCATTCCTGAGGGCTCCCAGAGAGTGGGGCTGGTTGCCAGTCAGAAG
AACGACCTGGACGCAGTGGCACTGATGCATCCCGATGGCTCTGCTGTTGTGGTCGTGCTA
AACCGCTCCTCTAAGGATGTGCCTCTTACCATCAAGGATCCTGCTGTGGGCTTCCTGGAG
ACAATCTCACCTGGCTACTCCATTCACACCTACCTGTGGCGTCGCCAGTGA
Enzyme 11 GenBank Gene ID AF023268 Link Image
Enzyme 11 GeneCard ID GBA Link Image
Enzyme 11 GenAtlas ID GBA Link Image
Enzyme 11 HGNC ID HGNC:4177 Link Image
Enzyme 11 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 11 Locus 1q21
Enzyme 11 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 11 General References
  1. Sorge J, West C, Westwood B, Beutler E: Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of human glucocerebrosidase cDNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Nov;82(21):7289-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Tsuji S, Choudary PV, Martin BM, Winfield S, Barranger JA, Ginns EI: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA containing the complete coding sequence for human lysosomal glucocerebrosidase. J Biol Chem. 1986 Jan 5;261(1):50-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Horowitz M, Wilder S, Horowitz Z, Reiner O, Gelbart T, Beutler E: The human glucocerebrosidase gene and pseudogene: structure and evolution. Genomics. 1989 Jan;4(1):87-96. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Beutler E, West C, Gelbart T: Polymorphisms in the human glucocerebrosidase gene. Genomics. 1992 Apr;12(4):795-800. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Imai K, Nakamura M, Yamada M, Asano A, Yokoyama S, Tsuji S, Ginns EI: A novel transcript from a pseudogene for human glucocerebrosidase in non-Gaucher disease cells. Gene. 1993 Dec 22;136(1-2):365-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Winfield SL, Tayebi N, Martin BM, Ginns EI, Sidransky E: Identification of three additional genes contiguous to the glucocerebrosidase locus on chromosome 1q21: implications for Gaucher disease. Genome Res. 1997 Oct;7(10):1020-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Reiner O, Wigderson M, Horowitz M: Structural analysis of the human glucocerebrosidase genes. DNA. 1988 Mar;7(2):107-16. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Sorge JA, West C, Kuhl W, Treger L, Beutler E: The human glucocerebrosidase gene has two functional ATG initiator codons. Am J Hum Genet. 1987 Dec;41(6):1016-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Ginns EI, Choudary PV, Martin BM, Winfield S, Stubblefield B, Mayor J, Merkle-Lehman D, Murray GJ, Bowers LA, Barranger JA: Isolation of cDNA clones for human beta-glucocerebrosidase using the lambda gt11 expression system. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1984 Sep 17;123(2):574-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Tsuji S, Martin BM, Barranger JA, Stubblefield BK, LaMarca ME, Ginns EI: Genetic heterogeneity in type 1 Gaucher disease: multiple genotypes in Ashkenazic and non-Ashkenazic individuals. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(7):2349-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Dinur T, Osiecki KM, Legler G, Gatt S, Desnick RJ, Grabowski GA: Human acid beta-glucosidase: isolation and amino acid sequence of a peptide containing the catalytic site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1660-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Miao S, McCarter JD, Grace ME, Grabowski GA, Aebersold R, Withers SG: Identification of Glu340 as the active-site nucleophile in human glucocerebrosidase by use of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Biol Chem. 1994 Apr 15;269(15):10975-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Salvioli R, Tatti M, Ciaffoni F, Vaccaro AM: Further studies on the reconstitution of glucosylceramidase activity by Sap C and anionic phospholipids. FEBS Lett. 2000 Apr 21;472(1):17-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Zhang H, Li XJ, Martin DB, Aebersold R: Identification and quantification of N-linked glycoproteins using hydrazide chemistry, stable isotope labeling and mass spectrometry. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 Jun;21(6):660-6. Epub 2003 May 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Schroder B, Wrocklage C, Pan C, Jager R, Kosters B, Schafer H, Elsasser HP, Mann M, Hasilik A: Integral and associated lysosomal membrane proteins. Traffic. 2007 Dec;8(12):1676-86. Epub 2007 Sep 26. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Neumann J, Bras J, Deas E, O'Sullivan SS, Parkkinen L, Lachmann RH, Li A, Holton J, Guerreiro R, Paudel R, Segarane B, Singleton A, Lees A, Hardy J, Houlden H, Revesz T, Wood NW: Glucocerebrosidase mutations in clinical and pathologically proven Parkinson's disease. Brain. 2009 Jul;132(Pt 7):1783-94. Epub 2009 Mar 13. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Dvir H, Harel M, McCarthy AA, Toker L, Silman I, Futerman AH, Sussman JL: X-ray structure of human acid-beta-glucosidase, the defective enzyme in Gaucher disease. EMBO Rep. 2003 Jul;4(7):704-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Premkumar L, Sawkar AR, Boldin-Adamsky S, Toker L, Silman I, Kelly JW, Futerman AH, Sussman JL: X-ray structure of human acid-beta-glucosidase covalently bound to conduritol-B-epoxide. Implications for Gaucher disease. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jun 24;280(25):23815-9. Epub 2005 Apr 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Liou B, Kazimierczuk A, Zhang M, Scott CR, Hegde RS, Grabowski GA: Analyses of variant acid beta-glucosidases: effects of Gaucher disease mutations. J Biol Chem. 2006 Feb 17;281(7):4242-53. Epub 2005 Nov 17. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Brumshtein B, Wormald MR, Silman I, Futerman AH, Sussman JL: Structural comparison of differently glycosylated forms of acid-beta-glucosidase, the defective enzyme in Gaucher disease. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2006 Dec;62(Pt 12):1458-65. Epub 2006 Nov 23. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Lieberman RL, Wustman BA, Huertas P, Powe AC Jr, Pine CW, Khanna R, Schlossmacher MG, Ringe D, Petsko GA: Structure of acid beta-glucosidase with pharmacological chaperone provides insight into Gaucher disease. Nat Chem Biol. 2007 Feb;3(2):101-7. Epub 2006 Dec 24. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Horowitz M, Zimran A: Mutations causing Gaucher disease. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(1):1-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Beutler E, Gelbart T: Glucocerebrosidase (Gaucher disease). Hum Mutat. 1996;8(3):207-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Tayebi N, Stone DL, Sidransky E: Type 2 gaucher disease: an expanding phenotype. Mol Genet Metab. 1999 Oct;68(2):209-19. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Stone DL, Tayebi N, Orvisky E, Stubblefield B, Madike V, Sidransky E: Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations in patients with type 2 Gaucher disease. Hum Mutat. 2000;15(2):181-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Beutler E, Gelbart T: Gaucher disease associated with a unique KpnI restriction site: identification of the amino-acid substitution. Ann Hum Genet. 1990 May;54(Pt 2):149-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Hong CM, Ohashi T, Yu XJ, Weiler S, Barranger JA: Sequence of two alleles responsible for Gaucher disease. DNA Cell Biol. 1990 May;9(4):233-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Beutler E, Gelbart T, West C: Identification of six new Gaucher disease mutations. Genomics. 1993 Jan;15(1):203-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Choy FY, Wei C, Applegarth DA, McGillivray BC: DNA analysis of an uncommon missense mutation in a Gaucher disease patient of Jewish-Polish-Russian descent. Am J Med Genet. 1994 Jun 1;51(2):156-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Beutler E, Gelbart T: Two new Gaucher disease mutations. Hum Genet. 1994 Feb;93(2):209-10. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Tuteja R, Tuteja N, Lilliu F, Bembi B, Galanello R, Cao A, Baralle FE: Y418C: a novel mutation in exon 9 of the glucocerebrosidase gene of a patient with Gaucher disease creates a new Bgl I site. Hum Genet. 1994 Sep;94(3):314-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Beutler E, Demina A, Gelbart T: Glucocerebrosidase mutations in Gaucher disease. Mol Med. 1994 Nov;1(1):82-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Cormand B, Vilageliu L, Burguera JM, Balcells S, Gonzalez-Duarte R, Grinberg D, Chabas A: Gaucher disease in Spanish patients: analysis of eight mutations. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(4):303-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Choy FY, Wei C: Identification of a new mutation (P178S) in an African-American patient with type 2 Gaucher disease. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(4):345-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Morar B, Lane AB: The molecular characterization of Gaucher disease in South Africa. Clin Genet. 1996 Aug;50(2):78-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Kim JW, Liou BB, Lai MY, Ponce E, Grabowski GA: Gaucher disease: identification of three new mutations in the Korean and Chinese (Taiwanese) populations. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(3):214-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Cormand B, Vilageliu L, Balcells S, Gonzalez-Duarte R, Chabas A, Grinberg D: Two novel (1098insA and Y313H) and one rare (R359Q) mutations detected in exon 8 of the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene in Gaucher's disease patients. Hum Mutat. 1996;7(3):272-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Amaral O, Pinto E, Fortuna M, Lacerda L, Sa Miranda MC: Type 1 Gaucher disease: identification of N396T and prevalence of glucocerebrosidase mutations in the Portuguese. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(3):280-1. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Seeman PJ, Finckh U, Hoppner J, Lakner V, Liebisch I, Grau G, Rolfs A: Two new missense mutations in a non-Jewish Caucasian family with type 3 Gaucher disease. Neurology. 1996 Apr;46(4):1102-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Cormand B, Grinberg D, Gort L, Fiumara A, Barone R, Vilageliu L, Chabas A: Two new mild homozygous mutations in Gaucher disease patients: clinical signs and biochemical analyses. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Jun 27;70(4):437-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Choy FY, Humphries ML, Shi H: Identification of two novel and four uncommon missense mutations among chinese Gaucher disease patients. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Aug 8;71(2):172-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. Hatton CE, Cooper A, Whitehouse C, Wraith JE: Mutation analysis in 46 British and Irish patients with Gaucher's disease. Arch Dis Child. 1997 Jul;77(1):17-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  47. Grace ME, Desnick RJ, Pastores GM: Identification and expression of acid beta-glucosidase mutations causing severe type 1 and neurologic type 2 Gaucher disease in non-Jewish patients. J Clin Invest. 1997 May 15;99(10):2530-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  48. Ida H, Rennert OM, Kawame H, Maekawa K, Eto Y: Mutation prevalence among 47 unrelated Japanese patients with Gaucher disease: identification of four novel mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Mar;20(1):67-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  49. Uyama E, Uchino M, Ida H, Eto Y, Owada M: D409H/D409H genotype in Gaucher-like disease. J Med Genet. 1997 Feb;34(2):175. [PubMed Link Image]
  50. Demina A, Beutler E: Six new Gaucher disease mutations. Acta Haematol. 1998;99(2):80-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  51. Germain DP, Puech JP, Caillaud C, Kahn A, Poenaru L: Exhaustive screening of the acid beta-glucosidase gene, by fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis using universal primers: mutation profile and genotype/phenotype correlations in Gaucher disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Aug;63(2):415-27. [PubMed Link Image]
  52. Choy FY, Humphries ML, Ben-Yoseph Y: Gaucher type 2 disease: identification of a novel transversion mutation in a French-Irish patient. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Jun 16;78(1):92-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  53. Beutler E, Gelbart T: Hematologically important mutations: Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1998 Mar;24(1):2-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  54. Sinclair G, Choy FY, Humphries L: A novel complex allele and two new point mutations in type 2 (acute neuronopathic) Gaucher disease. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1998 Dec;24(4):420-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  55. Parenti G, Filocamo M, Titomanlio L, Rizzolo G, Silvestro E, Perretti A, Gatti R, Andria G: A novel mutation of the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene associated with neurologic manifestations in three sibs. Clin Genet. 1998 Apr;53(4):281-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  56. Cormand B, Grinberg D, Gort L, Chabas A, Vilageliu L: Molecular analysis and clinical findings in the Spanish Gaucher disease population: putative haplotype of the N370S ancestral chromosome. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):295-305. [PubMed Link Image]
  57. Choy FY, Humphries ML, Ben-Yoseph Y: A novel mutation (V191G) in a German-British type 1 Gaucher disease patient. Mutations in brief no. 131. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(5):411-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  58. Wasserstein MP, Martignetti JA, Zeitlin R, Lumerman H, Solomon M, Grace ME, Desnick RJ: Type 1 Gaucher disease presenting with extensive mandibular lytic lesions: identification and expression of a novel acid beta-glucosidase mutation. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Jun 4;84(4):334-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  59. Choy FY, Wong K, Shi HP: Glucocerebrosidase mutations among Chinese neuronopathic and non-neuronopathic Gaucher disease patients. Am J Med Genet. 1999 Jun 11;84(5):484-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  60. Hodanov inverted question mark K, Hrebicek M, Cervenkov inverted question mark M, Mr inverted question markzov inverted question mark L, Veprekov inverted question mark L, Zemen J: Analysis of the beta-glucocerebrosidase gene in Czech and Slovak Gaucher patients: mutation profile and description of six novel mutant alleles. Blood Cells Mol Dis. 1999 Oct-Dec;25(5-6):287-98. [PubMed Link Image]
  61. Stone DL, van Diggelen OP, de Klerk JB, Gaillard JL, Niermeijer MF, Willemsen R, Tayebi N, Sidransky E: Is the perinatal lethal form of Gaucher disease more common than classic type 2 Gaucher disease? Eur J Hum Genet. 1999 May-Jun;7(4):505-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  62. Sarria AJ, Giraldo P, Perez-Calvo JI, Pocovi M: Detection of three rare (G377S, T134P and 1451delAC), and two novel mutations (G195W and Rec[1263del55;1342G>C]] in Spanish Gaucher disease patients. Mutation in brief no. 251. Online. Hum Mutat. 1999;14(1):88. [PubMed Link Image]
  63. Koprivica V, Stone DL, Park JK, Callahan M, Frisch A, Cohen IJ, Tayebi N, Sidransky E: Analysis and classification of 304 mutant alleles in patients with type 1 and type 3 Gaucher disease. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Jun;66(6):1777-86. Epub 2000 May 4. [PubMed Link Image]
  64. Bodamer OA, Church HJ, Cooper A, Wraith JE, Scott CR, Scaglia F: Variant Gaucher disease characterized by dysmorphic features, absence of cardiovascular involvement, laryngospasm, and compound heterozygosity for a novel mutation (D409H/C16S). Am J Med Genet. 2002 May 15;109(4):328-31. [PubMed Link Image]
  65. Orvisky E, Park JK, Parker A, Walker JM, Martin BM, Stubblefield BK, Uyama E, Tayebi N, Sidransky E: The identification of eight novel glucocerebrosidase (GBA) mutations in patients with Gaucher disease. Hum Mutat. 2002 Apr;19(4):458-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  66. Filocamo M, Mazzotti R, Stroppiano M, Seri M, Giona F, Parenti G, Regis S, Corsolini F, Zoboli S, Gatti R: Analysis of the glucocerebrosidase gene and mutation profile in 144 Italian gaucher patients. Hum Mutat. 2002 Sep;20(3):234-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  67. Bembi B, Zambito Marsala S, Sidransky E, Ciana G, Carrozzi M, Zorzon M, Martini C, Gioulis M, Pittis MG, Capus L: Gaucher's disease with Parkinson's disease: clinical and pathological aspects. Neurology. 2003 Jul 8;61(1):99-101. [PubMed Link Image]
  68. Church HJ, Cooper A, Stewart F, Thornton CM, Wraith JE: Homozygous loss of a cysteine residue in the glucocerebrosidase gene results in Gaucher's disease with a hydropic phenotype. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Nov;12(11):975-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  69. Salvioli R, Tatti M, Scarpa S, Moavero SM, Ciaffoni F, Felicetti F, Kaneski CR, Brady RO, Vaccaro AM: The N370S (Asn370-->Ser) mutation affects the capacity of glucosylceramidase to interact with anionic phospholipid-containing membranes and saposin C. Biochem J. 2005 Aug 15;390(Pt 1):95-103. [PubMed Link Image]
  70. Miocic S, Filocamo M, Dominissini S, Montalvo AL, Vlahovicek K, Deganuto M, Mazzotti R, Cariati R, Bembi B, Pittis MG: Identification and functional characterization of five novel mutant alleles in 58 Italian patients with Gaucher disease type 1. Hum Mutat. 2005 Jan;25(1):100. [PubMed Link Image]
  71. Aharon-Peretz J, Badarny S, Rosenbaum H, Gershoni-Baruch R: Mutations in the glucocerebrosidase gene and Parkinson disease: phenotype-genotype correlation. Neurology. 2005 Nov 8;65(9):1460-1. Epub 2005 Sep 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  72. Tan EK, Tong J, Fook-Chong S, Yih Y, Wong MC, Pavanni R, Zhao Y: Glucocerebrosidase mutations and risk of Parkinson disease in Chinese patients. Arch Neurol. 2007 Jul;64(7):1056-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  73. Mata IF, Samii A, Schneer SH, Roberts JW, Griffith A, Leis BC, Schellenberg GD, Sidransky E, Bird TD, Leverenz JB, Tsuang D, Zabetian CP: Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations: a risk factor for Lewy body disorders. Arch Neurol. 2008 Mar;65(3):379-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  74. Sidransky E, Nalls MA, Aasly JO, Aharon-Peretz J, Annesi G, Barbosa ER, Bar-Shira A, Berg D, Bras J, Brice A, Chen CM, Clark LN, Condroyer C, De Marco EV, Durr A, Eblan MJ, Fahn S, Farrer MJ, Fung HC, Gan-Or Z, Gasser T, Gershoni-Baruch R, Giladi N, Griffith A, Gurevich T, Januario C, Kropp P, Lang AE, Lee-Chen GJ, Lesage S, Marder K, Mata IF, Mirelman A, Mitsui J, Mizuta I, Nicoletti G, Oliveira C, Ottman R, Orr-Urtreger A, Pereira LV, Quattrone A, Rogaeva E, Rolfs A, Rosenbaum H, Rozenberg R, Samii A, Samaddar T, Schulte C, Sharma M, Singleton A, Spitz M, Tan EK, Tayebi N, Toda T, Troiano AR, Tsuji S, Wittstock M, Wolfsberg TG, Wu YR, Zabetian CP, Zhao Y, Ziegler SG: Multicenter analysis of glucocerebrosidase mutations in Parkinson's disease. N Engl J Med. 2009 Oct 22;361(17):1651-61. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 11 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 12 [top]
Enzyme 12 ID 9329
Enzyme 12 Name Phosphoglucomutase-2
Enzyme 12 Synonyms
  1. PGM 2
  2. Glucose phosphomutase 2
  3. Phosphodeoxyribomutase
  4. Phosphopentomutase
Enzyme 12 Gene Name PGM2
Enzyme 12 Protein Sequence >Phosphoglucomutase-2
MAAPEGSGLGEDARLDQETAQWLRWDKNSLTLEAVKRLIAEGNKEELRKCFGARMEFGTA
GLRAAMGPGISRMNDLTIIQTTQGFCRYLEKQFSDLKQKGIVISFDARAHPSSGGSSRRF
ARLAATTFISQGIPVYLFSDITPTPFVPFTVSHLKLCAGIMITASHNPKQDNGYKVYWDN
GAQIISPHDKGISQAIEENLEPWPQAWDDSLIDSSPLLHNPSASINNDYFEDLKKYCFHR
SVNRETKVKFVHTSVHGVGHSFVQSAFKAFDLVPPEAVPEQKDPDPEFPTVKYPNPEEGK
GVLTLSFALADKTKARIVLANDPDADRLAVAEKQDSGEWRVFSGNELGALLGWWLFTSWK
EKNQDRSALKDTYMLSSTVSSKILRAIALKEGFHFEETLTGFKWMGNRAKQLIDQGKTVL
FAFEEAIGYMCCPFVLDKDGVSAAVISAELASFLATKNLSLSQQLKAIYVEYGYHITKAS
YFICHDQETIKKLFENLRNYDGKNNYPKACGKFEISAIRDLTTGYDDSQPDKKAVLPTSK
SSQMITFTFANGGVATMRTSGTEPKIKYYAELCAPPGNSDPEQLKKELNELVSAIEEHFF
QPQKYNLQPKAD
Enzyme 12 Number of Residues 612
Enzyme 12 Molecular Weight 68282.8
Enzyme 12 Theoretical pI 6.70
Enzyme 12 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • ion binding
  • isomerase activity
  • magnesium ion binding
  • metal ion binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 12 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 12 Specific Function Catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose-1-phosphate and deoxyribose-1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. May also catalyze the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. Has low glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase activity
Enzyme 12 Pathways
Enzyme 12 Reactions
  • alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate [RN:R01057]
Enzyme 12 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 12 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 12 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 12 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 12 GenBank ID Protein 33337743 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q96G03 Link Image
Enzyme 12 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGM2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 12 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 12 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 12 Gene Sequence >1839 bp
ATGGCGGCTCCAGAAGGCAGCGGTCTAGGCGAGGACGCCCGGCTGGACCAGGAGACCGCC
CAGTGGCTGCGCTGGGACAAGAATTCCTTAACTTTGGAGGCAGTGAAACGACTAATAGCA
GAAGGTAATAAAGAAGAACTACGAAAATGTTTTGGGGCCCGAATGGAGTTTGGGACAGCT
GGCCTCCGAGCTGCTATGGGACCTGGAATTTCTCGTATGAATGACTTGACCATCATCCAG
ACTACACAGGGATTTTGCAGATACCTGGAAAAACAATTCAGTGACTTAAAGCAGAAAGGC
ATCGTGATCAGTTTTGACGCCCGAGCTCATCCATCCAGTGGGGGTAGCAGCAGAAGGTTT
GCCCGACTTGCTGCAACCACATTTATCAGTCAGGGGATTCCTGTGTACCTCTTTTCTGAT
ATAACGCCAACCCCCTTTGTGCCCTTCACAGTATCACATTTGAAACTTTGTGCTGGAATC
ATGATAACTGCATCTCACAATCCAAAGCAGGATAATGGTTATAAGGTCTATTGGGATAAT
GGAGCTCAGATCATTTCTCCTCACGATAAAGGGATTTCTCAAGCTATTGAAGAAAATCTA
GAACCGTGGCCTCAAGCTTGGGACGATTCTTTAATTGATAGCAGTCCACTTCTCCACAAT
CCGAGTGCTTCCATCAATAATGACTACTTTGAAGACCTTAAAAAGTACTGTTTCCACAGG
AGCGTGAACAGGGAGACAAAGGTGAAGTTTGTGCACACCTCTGTCCATGGGGTGGGTCAT
AGCTTTGTGCAGTCAGCTTTCAAGGCTTTTGACCTTGTTCCTCCTGAGGCTGTTCCTGAA
CAGAAAGATCCGGATCCTGAGTTTCCAACAGTGAAATACCCGAATCCCGAAGAGGGGAAA
GGTGTCTTGACTTTGTCTTTTGCTTTGGCTGACAAAACCAAGGCCAGAATTGTTTTAGCT
AACGACCCGGATGCTGATAGACTTGCTGTGGCAGAAAAGCAAGACAGTGGTGAATGGAGG
GTGTTTTCAGGCAATGAGTTGGGGGCCCTCCTGGGCTGGTGGCTTTTTACATCTTGGAAA
GAGAAGAACCAGGATCGCAGTGCTCTCAAAGACACGTACATGTTGTCCAGCACCGTCTCC
TCCAAAATCTTGCGGGCCATTGCCTTAAAGGAAGGTTTTCATTTTGAGGAAACATTAACT
GGCTTTAAGTGGATGGGAAACAGAGCCAAACAGCTAATAGACCAGGGGAAAACTGTTTTA
TTTGCATTTGAAGAAGCTATTGGATACATGTGCTGCCCTTTTGTTCTGGACAAAGATGGA
GTCAGTGCCGCTGTCATAAGTGCAGAGTTGGCTAGCTTCCTAGCAACCAAGAATTTGTCT
TTGTCTCAGCAACTAAAGGCCATTTATGTGGAGTATGGCTACCATATTACTAAAGCTTCC
TATTTTATCTGCCATGATCAAGAAACCATTAAGAAATTATTTGAAAACCTCAGAAACTAC
GATGGAAAAAATAATTATCCAAAAGCTTGTGGCAAATTTGAAATTTCTGCCATTAGGGAC
CTTACAACTGGCTATGATGATAGCCAACCTGATAAAAAAGCTGTTCTTCCCACTAGTAAA
AGCAGCCAAATGATCACCTTCACCTTTGCTAATGGAGGCGTGGCCACCATGCGCACCAGT
GGGACAGAGCCCAAAATCAAGTACTATGCAGAGCTGTGTGCCCCACCTGGGAACAGTGAT
CCTGAGCAGCTGAAGAAGGAACTGAATGAACTGGTCAGTGCTATTGAAGAACATTTTTTC
CAGCCACAGAAGTACAATCTGCAGCCAAAAGCAGACTAA
Enzyme 12 GenBank Gene ID AF109360 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GeneCard ID PGM2 Link Image
Enzyme 12 GenAtlas ID PGM2 Link Image
Enzyme 12 HGNC ID HGNC:8906 Link Image
Enzyme 12 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 12 Locus 4p14
Enzyme 12 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 12 General References
  1. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Maliekal P, Sokolova T, Vertommen D, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase family. J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 2;282(44):31844-51. Epub 2007 Sep 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 12 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 13 [top]
Enzyme 13 ID 13108
Enzyme 13 Name cDNA FLJ77760, highly similar to Homo sapiens glucosidase, beta; acid
Enzyme 13 Synonyms
  1. includes glucosylceramidase, mRNA
Enzyme 13 Gene Name Not Available
Enzyme 13 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ77760, highly similar to Homo sapiens glucosidase, beta; acid
MEFSSPSREECPKPLSRVSIMAGSLTGLLLLQAVSWASGARPCIPKSFGYSSVVCVCNAT
YCDSFDPPTFPALGTFSRYESTRSGRRMELSMGPIQANHTGTGLLLTLQPEQKFQKVKGF
GGAMTDAAALNILALSPPAQNLLLKSYFSEEGIGYNIIRVPMASCDFSIRTYTYADTPDD
FQLHNFSLPEEDTKLKIPLIHRALQLAQRPVSLLASPWTSPTWLKTNGAVNGKGSLKGQP
GDIYHQTWARYFVKFLDAYAEHKLQFWAVTAENEPSAGLLSGYPFQCLGFTPEHQRDFIA
RDLGPTLANSTHHNVRLLMLDDQRLLLPHWAKVVLTDPEAAKYVHGIAVHWYLDFLAPAK
ATLGETHRLFPNTMLFASEACVGSKFWEQSVRLGSWDRGMQYSHSIITNLLYHVVGWTDW
NLALNPEGGPNWVRNFVDSPIIVDITKDTFYKQPMFYHLGHFSKFIPEGSQRVGLVASQK
NDLDAVALMHPDGSAVVVVLNRSSKDVPLTIKDPAVGFLETISPGYSIHTYLWRRQ
Enzyme 13 Number of Residues 536
Enzyme 13 Molecular Weight 59717
Enzyme 13 Theoretical pI 7.66
Enzyme 13 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 13 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 13 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 13 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 13 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 13 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 13 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 13 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 13 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank ID Protein 158257254 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K796 Link Image
Enzyme 13 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K796_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB ID 1Y7V Link Image
Enzyme 13 PDB File Show
Enzyme 13 3D Structure
Enzyme 13 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 13 GenBank Gene ID AK291911 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GeneCard ID A8K796 Link Image
Enzyme 13 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 13 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 13 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 13 SNPs Not Available
Enzyme 13 General References Not Available
Enzyme 13 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 14 [top]
Enzyme 14 ID 14947
Enzyme 14 Name Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
Enzyme 14 Synonyms
  1. PMMLP
  2. Phosphoglucomutase-2-like 1
Enzyme 14 Gene Name PGM2L1
Enzyme 14 Protein Sequence >Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
MAENTEGDLNSNLLHAPYHTGDPQLDTAIGQWLRWDKNPKTKEQIENLLRNGMNKELRDR
LCCRMTFGTAGLRSAMGAGFCYINDLTVIQSTQGMYKYLERCFSDFKQRGFVVGYDTRGQ
VTSSCSSQRLAKLTAAVLLAKDVPVYLFSRYVPTPFVPYAVQKLKAVAGVMITASHNRKE
DNGYKVYWETGAQITSPHDKEILKCIEECVEPWNGSWNDNLVDTSPLKRDPLQDICRRYM
EDLKKICFYRELNSKTTLKFVHTSFHGVGHDYVQLAFKVFGFKPPIPVPEQKDPDPDFST
VKCPNPEEGESVLELSLRLAEKENARVVLATDPDADRLAAAELQENGCWKVFTGNELAAL
FGWWMFDCWKKNKSRNADVKNVYMLATTVSSKILKAIALKEGFHFEETLPGFKWIGSRII
DLLENGKEVLFAFEESIGFLCGTSVLDKDGVSAAVVVAEMASYLETMNITLKQQLVKVYE
KYGYHISKTSYFLCYEPPTIKSIFERLRNFDSPKEYPKFCGTFAILHVRDITTGYDSSQP
NKKSVLPVSKNSQMITFTFQNGCVATLRTSGTEPKIKYYAEMCASPDQSDTALLEEELKK
LIDALIENFLQPSKNGLIWRSV
Enzyme 14 Number of Residues 622
Enzyme 14 Molecular Weight 70455.1
Enzyme 14 Theoretical pI 7.17
Enzyme 14 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • isomerase activity
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 14 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 14 Specific Function Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase using 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor and a series of 1- phosphate sugars as acceptors, including glucose 1-phosphate, mannose 1-phosphate, ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1- phosphate. 5 or 6-phosphosugars are bad substrates, with the exception of glucose 6-phosphate. Also synthesizes ribose 1,5- bisphosphate. Has only low phosphopentomutase and phosphoglucomutase activities
Enzyme 14 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 14 Reactions
  • 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate [RN:R01660]
Enzyme 14 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 14 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 14 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 14 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 14 GenBank ID Protein 5688958 Link Image
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6PCE3 Link Image
Enzyme 14 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGM2L_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 14 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 14 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 14 Gene Sequence >1869 bp
ATGGCTGAAAACACAGAGGGGGATCTGAACTCCAACCTGCTCCACGCCCCCTACCACACC
GGGGACCCTCAGCTGGACACGGCCATCGGGCAGTGGCTCCGCTGGGATAAGAATCCCAAA
ACAAAAGAGCAGATTGAAAACCTGTTACGGAATGGGATGAACAAGGAGCTGCGAGATCGT
CTTTGTTGCCGAATGACTTTTGGGACTGCAGGACTTCGTTCTGCCATGGGGGCAGGGTTT
TGCTATATTAATGACCTTACAGTAATACAGTCAACACAGGGGATGTACAAATACCTTGAG
AGATGTTTCTCAGACTTCAAGCAGAGAGGCTTTGTGGTTGGGTATGACACTCGGGGTCAA
GTAACTAGCAGCTGCAGCAGCCAGAGGCTTGCTAAACTCACTGCTGCAGTCTTGCTGGCC
AAAGATGTTCCTGTGTACCTTTTTTCAAGATATGTTCCTACACCTTTTGTACCATATGCA
GTTCAGAAGCTCAAAGCAGTTGCAGGTGTGATGATTACTGCCTCTCACAACCGCAAGGAA
GACAATGGATACAAGGTTTACTGGGAAACTGGTGCTCAGATCACATCTCCTCATGATAAA
GAAATTCTAAAATGTATAGAAGAATGTGTGGAACCCTGGAATGGTTCCTGGAATGATAAT
TTAGTGGATACCAGCCCGCTGAAGAGAGACCCTCTGCAGGACATTTGCAGGAGATACATG
GAAGATCTGAAAAAGATCTGTTTTTACAGGGAGTTAAACTCGAAGACCACCTTGAAATTT
GTGCACACATCTTTTCATGGGGTCGGACATGACTATGTGCAGTTGGCTTTTAAAGTGTTT
GGTTTTAAGCCTCCAATTCCAGTACCAGAACAAAAAGATCCTGATCCAGACTTTTCTACC
GTTAAATGTCCAAATCCTGAAGAAGGAGAATCTGTGCTGGAACTTTCCTTGAGACTGGCA
GAGAAAGAAAATGCCCGGGTAGTGCTAGCCACAGATCCTGATGCAGACAGACTGGCAGCA
GCAGAACTTCAGGAGAATGGTTGTTGGAAAGTTTTCACAGGGAATGAGTTGGCAGCTTTG
TTTGGATGGTGGATGTTTGATTGCTGGAAGAAAAATAAATCAAGAAATGCTGATGTGAAG
AACGTTTATATGTTAGCCACCACAGTCTCTTCTAAAATTCTGAAGGCAATTGCACTTAAA
GAAGGATTTCATTTTGAAGAAACATTACCAGGTTTTAAATGGATTGGAAGTAGGATAATA
GACCTCCTGGAAAATGGGAAAGAAGTCCTTTTTGCATTTGAAGAGTCTATTGGTTTTCTC
TGTGGAACTTCAGTTTTGGATAAAGATGGGGTGAGTGCAGCTGTTGTGGTTGCTGAGATG
GCATCTTACCTGGAAACCATGAATATAACATTGAAACAGCAACTGGTTAAGGTTTATGAA
AAATATGGTTATCATATTTCAAAAACTTCCTATTTCTTGTGTTATGAACCACCTACCATC
AAAAGTATATTTGAAAGGCTTCGTAATTTTGATTCTCCAAAAGAATATCCAAAATTTTGT
GGAACATTTGCTATATTGCATGTACGGGACGTTACCACTGGATATGACAGTAGCCAGCCT
AATAAGAAATCAGTGCTGCCTGTGAGTAAAAACAGCCAAATGATTACATTTACTTTTCAA
AATGGCTGTGTTGCTACCCTTCGGACAAGTGGAACAGAACCAAAGATAAAGTATTATGCA
GAGATGTGTGCGTCACCTGACCAGAGTGACACTGCTTTACTGGAGGAAGAACTGAAGAAA
CTCATTGATGCTCTGATAGAGAATTTTCTTCAGCCTAGTAAGAATGGACTGATCTGGCGT
TCTGTTTAG
Enzyme 14 GenBank Gene ID AB019210 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GeneCard ID PGM2L1 Link Image
Enzyme 14 GenAtlas ID PGM2L1 Link Image
Enzyme 14 HGNC ID HGNC:20898 Link Image
Enzyme 14 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 14 Locus 11q13.4
Enzyme 14 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 14 General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Maliekal P, Sokolova T, Vertommen D, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase family. J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 2;282(44):31844-51. Epub 2007 Sep 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vleugels W, Maliekal P, Matthijs G, Van Schaftingen E: Mammalian phosphomannomutase PMM1 is the brain IMP-sensitive glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 5;283(49):33988-93. Epub 2008 Oct 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 14 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 15 [top]
Enzyme 15 ID 16641
Enzyme 15 Name cDNA, FLJ95330, Homo sapiens phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), mRNA (Phosphoglucomutase 3, isoform CRA_d)
Enzyme 15 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 15 Gene Name PGM3
Enzyme 15 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ95330, Homo sapiens phosphoglucomutase 3 (PGM3), mRNA (Phosphoglucomutase 3, isoform CRA_d)
MDLGAITKYSALHAKPNGLILQYGTAGFRTKAEHLDHVMFRMGLLAVLRSKQTKSTIGVM
VTASHNPEEDNGVKLVDPLGEMLAPSWEEHATCLANAEEQDMQRVLIDISEKEAVNLQQD
AFVVIGRDTRPSSEKLSQSVIDGVTVLGGQFHDYGLLTTPQLHYMVYCRNTGGRYGKATI
EGYYQKLSKAFVELTKQASCSGDEYRSLKVDCANGIGALKLREMEHYFSQGLSVQLFNDG
SKGKLNHLCGADFVKSHQKPPQGMEIKSNERCCSFDGDADRIVYYYHDADGHFHLIDGDK
IATLISSFLKELLVEIGESLNIGVVQTAYANGSSTRYLEEVMKVPVYCTKTGVKHLHHKA
QEFDIGVYFEANGHGTALFSTAVEMKIKQSAEQLEDKKRKAAKMLENIIDLFNQAAGDAI
SDMLVIEAILALKGLTVQQWDALYTDLPNRQLKVQVADRRVISTTDAERQAVTPPGLQEA
INDLVKKYKLSRAFVRPSGTEDVVRVYAEADSQESADHLAHEVSLAVFQLAGGIGERPQP
GF
Enzyme 15 Number of Residues 542
Enzyme 15 Molecular Weight 59853
Enzyme 15 Theoretical pI 6.21
Enzyme 15 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • isomerase activity
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolism
  • macromolecule metabolism
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 15 General Function Carbohydrate transport and metabolism
Enzyme 15 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 15 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 15 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 15 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 15 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 15 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 15 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 15 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2RB65 Link Image
Enzyme 15 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2RB65_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 15 PDB ID 1WJW Link Image
Enzyme 15 PDB File Show
Enzyme 15 3D Structure
Enzyme 15 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 15 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 15 GenBank Gene ID AK314512 Link Image
Enzyme 15 GeneCard ID B2RB65 Link Image
Enzyme 15 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 15 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 15 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 15 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 15 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 15 General References Not Available
Enzyme 15 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 16 [top]
Enzyme 16 ID 16941
Enzyme 16 Name Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
Enzyme 16 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 16 Gene Name GALT
Enzyme 16 Protein Sequence >Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase
MSRSGTDPQQRQQASEADAAAATFRANDHQHIRYNPLQDEWVLVSAHRMKRPWQGQVEPQ
LLKTVPRHDPLNPLCPGAIRANGEVNPQYDSTFLFDNDFPALQPDAPSPGPSDHPLFQAK
SARGVCKVMCFHPWSDVTLPLMSVPEIRAVVDAWASVTEELGAQYPWVQIFENKGAMMGC
SNPHPHCQVWASSFLPDIAQREERSQQAYKSQHGEPLLMEYSRQELLRKERLVLTSEHWL
VLVPFWATWPYQTLLLPRRHVRRLPELTPAERDDLASIMKKLLTKYDNLFETSFPYSMGW
HGAPTGSEAGANWNHWQLHAHYYPPLLRSATVRKFMVGYEMLAQAQRDLTPEQAAERLRA
LPEVHYHLGQKDRETATIA
Enzyme 16 Number of Residues 379
Enzyme 16 Molecular Weight 43364
Enzyme 16 Theoretical pI 6.99
Enzyme 16 GO Classification
Function
  • UDP-glucose:hexose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • nucleotidyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • alcohol metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • galactose metabolism
  • hexose metabolism
  • metabolism
  • monosaccharide metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
Enzyme 16 General Function Energy production and conversion
Enzyme 16 Specific Function UDP-glucose + alpha-D-galactose 1-phosphate = alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate + UDP-galactose
Enzyme 16 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 16 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 16 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 16 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 16 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 16 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 16 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5VZ81 Link Image
Enzyme 16 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q5VZ81_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 16 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 16 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 16 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 16 GenBank Gene ID AL162231 Link Image
Enzyme 16 GeneCard ID Q5VZ81 Link Image
Enzyme 16 GenAtlas ID GALT Link Image
Enzyme 16 HGNC ID HGNC:4135 Link Image
Enzyme 16 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 16 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 16 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 16 General References Not Available
Enzyme 16 Metabolite References Not Available