Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Tin (HMDB01960)

Blood
Urine

Record Information

Version

3.5

Creation Date

2006-05-22 08:17:29 -0600

Update Date

2013-05-13 17:04:22 -0600

HMDB ID

HMDB01960

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Tin

Description

Tin is a trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71. (PubChem). Experimental studies over the last decade have suggested an association between thymus immune and homeostatic function and exogenous tin. It has been hypothesized that the thymus gland synthesizes and secretes one or more tin bearing factors that enhance immune defenses against malignancy and retard the gradual loss of immune capacity with senescence. (PMID 2195720 Link_out

). Physiologically, it exists as an ion in the body. Inorganic tin salts are poorly absorbed and rapidly excreted in the faeces; as a result they have a low toxicity. Only about 5 per cent is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, widely distributed in the body, then excreted by the kidney. Some tin is deposited in lung and bone. Some tin salts can cause renal necrosis after parenteral doses. Mutagenic studies on metallic tin and its compounds have been negative. Long-term animal carcinogenic studies have shown fewer malignant tumors in animals exposed to tin than in controls. Human volunteers developed mild signs of toxicity with tin, given in fruit juices, at a concentration of 1400 mg per litre. The WHO 1973 permissible limit for tin in tinned food is 250 micrograms per kg. The adult daily intake of tin was about 17 mg per day in 1940, but it has now decreased to about 3.5 mg, due to improvements in technique of tinning with enamel overcoat and crimped lids to minimize exposure to tin and lead solder. (PMID 3291572 Link_out

Structure

Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure

Synonyms

CI Pigment metal 5
Haro Mix ZT-514
Innohep
Metallic tin
Silver matt powder
SN
Stanum
Tin flake
Tin powder
Tindamax
ZINN

Chemical Formula

H₄Sn

Average Molecular Weight

122.74

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

123.933496699

IUPAC Name

tin(4+) ion

Traditional IUPAC Name

tin, ion (sn4+)

CAS Registry Number

7440-31-5

SMILES

[SnH4+4]

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/Sn.4H/q+4;;;;

InChI Key

PXQLTWWGPFDWNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Chemical Taxonomy

Kingdom

Inorganic Compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous Metal Compounds

Class

Homogeneous Post-transition Metal Compounds

Sub Class

N/A

Other Descriptors

elemental tin(ChEBI)
monoatomic tetracation(ChEBI)

Substituents

Direct Parent

Homogeneous Post-transition Metal Compounds

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Biofunction

Osmolyte, enzyme cofactor, signalling

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Solid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	231.93 °C	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
LogP	-1.8	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count	0	ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count	0	ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area	0 A²	ChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count	0	ChemAxon
Refractivity	3.2	ChemAxon
Polarizability	4.7	ChemAxon
Formal Charge	4	ChemAxon
Physiological Charge	4	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations

Blood
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
Urine

Tissue Location

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Comments
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.013 +/- 0.0051 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Not Available
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.0065 +/- 0.0039 uM	Elderly (>65 years old)	Both	Normal	Not Available
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)	Detected and Quantified	0.05 (0.03-0.18) uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Not Available
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0011 (0.00016-0.0069) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	by ICP MS

Abnormal Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Comments
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.004 +/- 0.0018 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Parkinson's disease	Not Available
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.016 +/- 0.009 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Multiple sclerosis	Not Available
Blood	Detected and Quantified	0.011 +/- 0.0056 uM	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Alzheimer's disease	Not Available

Associated Disorders and Diseases

Disease References

Alzheimer's disease
Bocca B, Forte G, Petrucci F, Pino A, Marchione F, Bomboi G, Senofonte O, Giubilei F, Alimonti A: Monitoring of chemical elements and oxidative damage in patients affected by Alzheimer's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):197-203. Pubmed: 16244393
Multiple sclerosis
Forte G, Visconti A, Santucci S, Ghazaryan A, Figa-Talamanca L, Cannoni S, Bocca B, Pino A, Violante N, Alimonti A, Salvetti M, Ristori G: Quantification of chemical elements in blood of patients affected by multiple sclerosis. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):213-6. Pubmed: 16244395
Parkinson's disease
Forte G, Alimonti A, Pino A, Stanzione P, Brescianini S, Brusa L, Sancesario G, Violante N, Bocca B: Metals and oxidative stress in patients with Parkinson's disease. Ann Ist Super Sanita. 2005;41(2):189-95. Pubmed: 16244392