1. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
2. (2R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
3. (R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoate
4. (R)-2-amino-3-hydroxypropanoic acid
5. D-Serin
6. DL-Serine
7. DSN
8. Serine D-form

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• Cytoplasm (Predicted from LogP)
• Extracellular

• Blood
• Cerebrospinal Fluid

• 181500 (Schizophrenia)

1. Hansson L, Stromqvist M, Backman A, Wallbrandt P, Carlstein A, Egelrud T: Cloning, expression, and characterization of stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. A skin-specific human serine proteinase. J Biol Chem. 1994 Jul 29;269(30):19420-6. [PubMed ]
2. Jones CM, Smith M, Henderson MJ: Reference data for cerebrospinal fluid and the utility of amino acid measurement for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism. Ann Clin Biochem. 2006 Jan;43(Pt 1):63-6. [PubMed ]
3. Shafqat S, Tamarappoo BK, Kilberg MS, Puranam RS, McNamara JO, Guadano-Ferraz A, Fremeau RT Jr: Cloning and expression of a novel Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid transporter structurally related to mammalian Na+/glutamate cotransporters. J Biol Chem. 1993 Jul 25;268(21):15351-5. [PubMed ]
4. Deshpande RV, Goust JM, Hogan EL, Banik NL: Calpain secreted by activated human lymphoid cells degrades myelin. J Neurosci Res. 1995 Oct 1;42(2):259-65. [PubMed ]
5. Metzner L, Kottra G, Neubert K, Daniel H, Brandsch M: Serotonin, L-tryptophan, and tryptamine are effective inhibitors of the amino acid transport system PAT1. FASEB J. 2005 Sep;19(11):1468-73. [PubMed ]
6. Nagata Y, Higashi M, Ishii Y, Sano H, Tanigawa M, Nagata K, Noguchi K, Urade M: The presence of high concentrations of free D-amino acids in human saliva. Life Sci. 2006 Mar 6;78(15):1677-81. Epub 2006 Feb 9. [PubMed ]
7. Nuesch JP, Corbau R, Tattersall P, Rommelaere J: Biochemical activities of minute virus of mice nonstructural protein NS1 are modulated In vitro by the phosphorylation state of the polypeptide. J Virol. 1998 Oct;72(10):8002-12. [PubMed ]
8. Tsuei DJ, Hsu HC, Lee PH, Jeng YM, Pu YS, Chen CN, Lee YC, Chou WC, Chang CJ, Ni YH, Chang MH: RBMY, a male germ cell-specific RNA-binding protein, activated in human liver cancers and transforms rodent fibroblasts. Oncogene. 2004 Jul 29;23(34):5815-22. [PubMed ]
9. Yu LY, Jokitalo E, Sun YF, Mehlen P, Lindholm D, Saarma M, Arumae U: GDNF-deprived sympathetic neurons die via a novel nonmitochondrial pathway. J Cell Biol. 2003 Dec 8;163(5):987-97. Epub 2003 Dec 1. [PubMed ]
10. Franzke CW, Baici A, Bartels J, Christophers E, Wiedow O: Antileukoprotease inhibits stratum corneum chymotryptic enzyme. Evidence for a regulative function in desquamation. J Biol Chem. 1996 Sep 6;271(36):21886-90. [PubMed ]
11. Hooper JD, Nicol DL, Dickinson JL, Eyre HJ, Scarman AL, Normyle JF, Stuttgen MA, Douglas ML, Loveland KA, Sutherland GR, Antalis TM: Testisin, a new human serine proteinase expressed by premeiotic testicular germ cells and lost in testicular germ cell tumors. Cancer Res. 1999 Jul 1;59(13):3199-205. [PubMed ]
12. Ishida-Takahashi R, Rosario F, Gong Y, Kopp K, Stancheva Z, Chen X, Feener EP, Myers MG Jr: Phosphorylation of Jak2 on Ser(523) inhibits Jak2-dependent leptin receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol. 2006 Jun;26(11):4063-73. [PubMed ]
13. Farhana L, Dawson MI, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Rishi AK, Reddy KB, Freeman RS, Fontana JA: Apoptosis signaling by the novel compound 3-Cl-AHPC involves increased EGFR proteolysis and accompanying decreased phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and AKT kinase activities. Oncogene. 2004 Mar 11;23(10):1874-84. [PubMed ]
14. Taniguchi A, Kataoka K, Kono T, Oseko F, Okuda H, Nagata I, Imura H: Parathyroid hormone-induced lipolysis in human adipose tissue. J Lipid Res. 1987 May;28(5):490-4. [PubMed ]
15. Dietze-Schroeder D, Sell H, Uhlig M, Koenen M, Eckel J: Autocrine action of adiponectin on human fat cells prevents the release of insulin resistance-inducing factors. Diabetes. 2005 Jul;54(7):2003-11. [PubMed ]
16. Nanda N, Bao M, Lin H, Clauser K, Komuves L, Quertermous T, Conley PB, Phillips DR, Hart MJ: Platelet endothelial aggregation receptor 1 (PEAR1), a novel epidermal growth factor repeat-containing transmembrane receptor, participates in platelet contact-induced activation. J Biol Chem. 2005 Jul 1;280(26):24680-9. Epub 2005 Apr 25. [PubMed ]
17. Stewart LV, Song K, Hsing AY, Danielpour D: Regulation of trespin expression by modulators of cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis in prostatic epithelial cells. Exp Cell Res. 2003 Apr 1;284(2):303-15. [PubMed ]
18. Pfundt R, van Ruissen F, van Vlijmen-Willems IM, Alkemade HA, Zeeuwen PL, Jap PH, Dijkman H, Fransen J, Croes H, van Erp PE, Schalkwijk J: Constitutive and inducible expression of SKALP/elafin provides anti-elastase defense in human epithelia. J Clin Invest. 1996 Sep 15;98(6):1389-99. [PubMed ]
19. Strauss JF 3rd, Kallen CB, Christenson LK, Watari H, Devoto L, Arakane F, Kiriakidou M, Sugawara T: The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR): a window into the complexities of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. Recent Prog Horm Res. 1999;54:369-94; discussion 394-5. [PubMed ]
20. Kim JK, Fillmore JJ, Sunshine MJ, Albrecht B, Higashimori T, Kim DW, Liu ZX, Soos TJ, Cline GW, O'Brien WR, Littman DR, Shulman GI: PKC-theta knockout mice are protected from fat-induced insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 2004 Sep;114(6):823-7. [PubMed ]
21. Olive PL, Banath JP, Sinnott LT: Phosphorylated histone H2AX in spheroids, tumors, and tissues of mice exposed to etoposide and 3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,3-dioxide. Cancer Res. 2004 Aug 1;64(15):5363-9. [PubMed ]
22. Hinek A, Smith AC, Cutiongco EM, Callahan JW, Gripp KW, Weksberg R: Decreased elastin deposition and high proliferation of fibroblasts from Costello syndrome are related to functional deficiency in the 67-kD elastin-binding protein. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Mar;66(3):859-72. [PubMed ]
23. Lavker RM, Risse B, Brown H, Ginsburg D, Pearson J, Baker MS, Jensen PJ: Localization of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2) in hair and nail: implications for terminal differentiation. J Invest Dermatol. 1998 Jun;110(6):917-22. [PubMed ]
24. Paju A, Bjartell A, Zhang WM, Nordling S, Borgstrom A, Hansson J, Stenman UH: Expression and characterization of trypsinogen produced in the human male genital tract. Am J Pathol. 2000 Dec;157(6):2011-21. [PubMed ]
25. Schultess J, Danielewski O, Smolenski AP: Rap1GAP2 is a new GTPase-activating protein of Rap1 expressed in human platelets. Blood. 2005 Apr 15;105(8):3185-92. Epub 2005 Jan 4. [PubMed ]
26. Alvarez JV, Greulich H, Sellers WR, Meyerson M, Frank DA: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 is required for the oncogenic effects of non-small-cell lung cancer-associated mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Cancer Res. 2006 Mar 15;66(6):3162-8. [PubMed ]
27. Hayes GM, Carrigan PE, Beck AM, Miller LJ: Targeting the RNA splicing machinery as a novel treatment strategy for pancreatic carcinoma. Cancer Res. 2006 Apr 1;66(7):3819-27. [PubMed ]
28. Roesch PL, Redford P, Batchelet S, Moritz RL, Pellett S, Haugen BJ, Blattner FR, Welch RA: Uropathogenic Escherichia coli use d-serine deaminase to modulate infection of the murine urinary tract. Mol Microbiol. 2003 Jul;49(1):55-67. [PubMed ]
29. Amberger VR, Hensel T, Ogata N, Schwab ME: Spreading and migration of human glioma and rat C6 cells on central nervous system myelin in vitro is correlated with tumor malignancy and involves a metalloproteolytic activity. Cancer Res. 1998 Jan 1;58(1):149-58. [PubMed ]
30. Wyatt AW, Hussain A, Amann K, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Artunc F, Grahammer F, Huang DY, Vallon V, Kuhl D, Lang F: DOCA-induced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. Cell Physiol Biochem. 2006;17(3-4):137-44. Epub 2006 Mar 14. [PubMed ]
31. Khamzina L, Veilleux A, Bergeron S, Marette A: Increased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in liver and skeletal muscle of obese rats: possible involvement in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Endocrinology. 2005 Mar;146(3):1473-81. Epub 2004 Dec 16. [PubMed ]
32. Morino K, Petersen KF, Dufour S, Befroy D, Frattini J, Shatzkes N, Neschen S, White MF, Bilz S, Sono S, Pypaert M, Shulman GI: Reduced mitochondrial density and increased IRS-1 serine phosphorylation in muscle of insulin-resistant offspring of type 2 diabetic parents. J Clin Invest. 2005 Dec;115(12):3587-93. Epub 2005 Nov 10. [PubMed ]
33. Zhu L, Wigle D, Hinek A, Kobayashi J, Ye C, Zuker M, Dodo H, Keeley FW, Rabinovitch M: The endogenous vascular elastase that governs development and progression of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats is a novel enzyme related to the serine proteinase adipsin. J Clin Invest. 1994 Sep;94(3):1163-71. [PubMed ]
34. Boehning D, Snyder SH: Novel neural modulators. Annu Rev Neurosci. 2003;26:105-31. [PubMed ]
35. Wikipedia

1. Phosphoserine phosphatase
2. Asc-type amino acid transporter 1
3. Serine racemase
4. cDNA, FLJ96235, Homo sapiens phosphoserine phosphatase (PSPH), mRNA (Phosphoserine phosphatase, isoform CRA_a)

1. PSP
2. PSPase
3. L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase
4. O-phosphoserine phosphohydrolase

MVSHSELRKLFYSADAVCFDVDSTVIREEGIDELAKICGVEDAVSEMTRRAMGGAVPFKA
ALTERLALIQPSREQVQRLIAEQPPHLTPGIRELVSRLQERNVQVFLISGGFRSIVEHVA
SKLNIPATNVFANRLKFYFNGEYAGFDETQPTAESGGKGKVIKLLKEKFHFKKIIMIGDG
ATDMEACPPADAFIGFGGNVIRQQVKDNAKWYITDFVELLGELEE

• Glycine, Serine and Threonine Metabolism (map00260 )

• O-phospho-L(or D)-serine + H2O = L(or D)-serine + phosphate [RN:R00582 R02853]

• Hydrolase (PF00702 )

• None

• None

ATGGTCTCCCACTCAGAGCTGAGGAAGCTTTTCTACTCAGCAGATGCTGTGTGTTTTGAT
GTTGACAGCACGGTCATCAGAGAAGAAGGAATCGATGAGCTAGCCAAAATCTGTGGCGTT
GAGGACGCGGTGTCAGAAATGACACGGCGAGCCATGGGCGGGGCAGTGCCTTTCAAAGCT
GCTCTCACAGAGCGCTTAGCCCTCATCCAGCCCTCCAGGGAGCAGGTGCAGAGACTCATA
GCAGAGCAACCCCCACACCTGACCCCCGGCATAAGGGAGCTGGTAAGTCGCCTACAGGAG
CGAAATGTTCAGGTTTTCCTAATATCTGGTGGCTTTAGGAGTATTGTAGAGCATGTTGCT
TCAAAGCTCAATATCCCAGCAACCAATGTATTTGCCAATAGGCTGAAATTCTACTTTAAC
GGTGAATATGCAGGTTTTGATGAGACGCAGCCAACAGCTGAATCTGGTGGAAAAGGAAAA
GTGATTAAACTTTTAAAGGAAAAATTTCATTTTAAGAAAATAATCATGATTGGAGATGGT
GCCACAGATATGGAAGCCTGTCCTCCTGCTGATGCTTTCATTGGATTTGGAGGAAATGTG
ATCAGGCAACAAGTCAAGGATAACGCCAAATGGTATATCACTGATTTTGTAGAGCTGCTG
GGAGAACTGGAAGAATAA

1. Collet JF, Gerin I, Rider MH, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Human L-3-phosphoserine phosphatase: sequence, expression and evidence for a phosphoenzyme intermediate. FEBS Lett. 1997 May 26;408(3):281-4. [PubMed ]
2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
3. Bechtel S, Rosenfelder H, Duda A, Schmidt CP, Ernst U, Wellenreuther R, Mehrle A, Schuster C, Bahr A, Blocker H, Heubner D, Hoerlein A, Michel G, Wedler H, Kohrer K, Ottenwalder B, Poustka A, Wiemann S, Schupp I: The full-ORF clone resource of the German cDNA Consortium. BMC Genomics. 2007 Oct 31;8:399. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed ]
6. Veiga-da-Cunha M, Collet JF, Prieur B, Jaeken J, Peeraer Y, Rabbijns A, Van Schaftingen E: Mutations responsible for 3-phosphoserine phosphatase deficiency. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Feb;12(2):163-6. [PubMed ]

1. Asc-1
2. Solute carrier family 7 member 10

MAGHTQQPSGRGNPRPAPSPSPVPGTVPGASERVALKKEIGLLSACTIIIGNIIGSGIFI
SPKGVLEHSGSVGLALFVWVLGGGVTALGSLCYAELGVAIPKSGGDYAYVTEIFGGLAGF
LLLWSAVLIMYPTSLAVISMTFSNYVLQPVFPNCIPPTTASRVLSMACLMLLTWVNSSSV
RWATRIQDMFTGGKLLALSLIIGVGLLQIFQGHFEELRPSNAFAFWMTPSVGHLALAFLQ
GSFAFSGWNFLNYVTEEMVDARKNLPRAIFISIPLVTFVYTFTNIAYFTAMSPQELLSSN
AVAVTFGEKLLGYFSWVMPVSVALSTFGGINGYLFTYSRLCFSGAREGHLPSLLAMIHVR
HCTPIPALLVCCGATAVIMLVGDTYTLINYVSFINYLCYGVTILGLLLLRWRRPALHRPI
KVNLLIPVAYLVFWAFLLVFSFISEPMVCGVGVIIILTGVPIFFLGVFWRSKPKCVHRLT
ESMTHWGQELCFVVYPQDAPEEEENGPCPPSLLPATDKPSKPQ

• AA_permease (PF00324 )

• None

• 40-60 72-92 113-133 268-288 310-330 362-382 388-408 424-444 448-468

ATGGCCGGCCACACGCAGCAGCCGAGCGGGCGCGGGAACCCCAGGCCTGCGCCCTCGCCC
TCCCCAGTCCCAGGGACCGTCCCCGGCGCCTCGGAGCGGGTGGCGCTCAAGAAGGAGATC
GGGCTGCTGAGCGCCTGCACCATCATCATCGGGAACATCATCGGCTCGGGCATCTTCATC
TCGCCCAAGGGGGTCCTGGAGCACTCAGGCTCCGTGGGTCTGGCCCTGTTCGTCTGGGTC
CTGGGTGGGGGCGTGACGGCTCTGGGCTCCCTCTGCTATGCAGAGCTGGGAGTCGCCATC
CCCAAGTCTGGCGGGGACTACGCCTACGTCACAGAGATCTTCGGGGGCCTGGCTGGCTTT
CTGCTGCTCTGGAGCGCCGTCCTCATCATGTACCCCACCAGCCTTGCTGTCATCTCCATG
ACCTTCTCCAACTACGTGCTGCAGCCCGTGTTCCCCAACTGCATCCCCCCCACCACAGCC
TCCCGGGTGCTGTCCATGGCCTGCCTGATGCTCCTGACATGGGTGAACAGCTCCAGTGTG
CGCTGGGCCACGCGCATCCAGGACATGTTCACAGGCGGGAAGCTGCTGGCCTTGTCCCTC
ATCATCGGCGTGGGCCTTCTCCAGATCTTCCAAGGACACTTCGAGGAGCTGAGGCCCAGC
AATGCCTTTGCTTTCTGGATGACGCCCTCCGTGGGACACCTGGCCCTGGCCTTCCTCCAG
GGCTCCTTCGCCTTCAGTGGCTGGAACTTCCTCAACTATGTCACCGAGGAGATGGTTGAC
GCCCGAAAGAACCTACCTCGCGCCATCTTCATCTCCATCCCACTGGTGACCTTCGTGTAC
ACGTTCACCAACATTGCCTACTTCACGGCCATGTCCCCCCAGGAGCTGCTCTCCTCCAAT
GCGGTGGCTGTGACCTTCGGGGAGAAGCTGCTGGGCTACTTTTCTTGGGTCATGCCTGTC
TCCGTGGCTCTGTCAACCTTCGGAGGGATCAATGGTTACCTGTTCACCTACTCCAGGCTG
TGCTTCTCTGGAGCCCGCGAGGGGCACCTGCCCAGCCTGCTGGCCATGATCCACGTCAGA
CACTGCACCCCCATCCCCGCCCTCCTCGTCTGTTGCGGGGCCACAGCCGTCATCATGCTC
GTGGGCGACACGTACACGCTCATCAACTATGTGTCCTTCATCAACTACCTCTGCTACGGC
GTCACCATCCTGGGCCTGCTGCTGCTGCGCTGGAGGCGGCCTGCACTCCACAGGCCCATC
AAGGTGAACCTTCTCATCCCCGTGGCGTACTTGGTCTTCTGGGCCTTCCTGCTGGTCTTC
AGCTTCATCTCAGAGCCTATGGTCTGTGGGGTCGGCGTCATCATCATCCTTACGGGGGTG
CCCATTTTCTTTCTGGGAGTGTTCTGGAGAAGCAAACCAAAGTGTGTGCACAGACTCACA
GAGTCCATGACACACTGGGGCCAGGAGCTGTGTTTCGTGGTCTACCCCCAGGACGCCCCC
GAAGAGGAGGAGAATGGCCCCTGCCCACCCTCCCTGCTGCCTGCCACAGACAAGCCCTCG
AAGCCACAATGA

1. Nakauchi J, Matsuo H, Kim DK, Goto A, Chairoungdua A, Cha SH, Inatomi J, Shiokawa Y, Yamaguchi K, Saito I, Endou H, Kanai Y: Cloning and characterization of a human brain Na(+)-independent transporter for small neutral amino acids that transports D-serine with high affinity. Neurosci Lett. 2000 Jun 30;287(3):231-5. [PubMed ]
2. Leclerc D, Wu Q, Ellis JR, Goodyer P, Rozen R: Is the SLC7A10 gene on chromosome 19 a candidate locus for cystinuria? Mol Genet Metab. 2001 Aug;73(4):333-9. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]

MCAQYCISFADVEKAHINIRDSIHLTPVLTSSILNQLTGRNLFFKCELFQKTGSFKIRGA
LNAVRSLVPDALERKPKAVVTHSSGNHGQALTYAAKLEGIPAYIVVPQTAPDCKKLAIQA
YGASIVYCEPSDESRENVAKRVTEETEGIMVHPNQEPAVIAGQGTIALEVLNQVPLVDAL
VVPVGGGGMLAGIAITVKALKPSVKVYAAEPSNADDCYQSKLKGKLMPNLYPPETIADGV
KSSIGLNTWPIIRDLVDDIFTVTEDEIKCATQLVWERMKLLIEPTAGVGVAAVLSQHFQT
VSPEVKNICIVLSGGNVDLTSSITWVKQAERPASYQSVSV

• L-serine = D-serine [RN:R00589]

• PALP (PF00291 )

• None

• None

ATGTGTGCTCAGTATTGCATCTCCTTTGCTGATGTTGAAAAAGCTCATATCAACATTCGA
GATTCTATCCACCTCACACCAGTGCTAACAAGCTCCATTTTGAATCAACTAACAGGGCGC
AATCTTTTCTTCAAATGTGAACTCTTCCAGAAAACAGGATCTTTTAAGATTCGTGGTGCT
CTCAATGCCGTCAGAAGCTTGGTTCCTGATGCTTTAGAAAGGAAGCCGAAAGCTGTTGTT
ACTCACAGCAGTGGAAACCATGGCCAGGCTCTCACCTATGCTGCCAAATTGGAAGGAATT
CCTGCTTATATTGTGGTGCCCCAGACAGCTCCAGACTGTAAAAAACTTGCAATACAAGCC
TACGGAGCGTCAATTGTATACTGTGAACCTAGTGATGAGTCCAGAGAAAATGTTGCAAAA
AGAGTTACAGAAGAAACAGAAGGCATCATGGTACATCCCAACCAGGAGCCTGCAGTGATA
GCTGGACAAGGGACAATTGCCCTGGAAGTGCTGAACCAGGTTCCTTTGGTGGATGCACTG
GTGGTACCTGTAGGTGGAGGAGGAATGCTTGCTGGAATAGCAATTACAGTTAAGGCTCTG
AAACCTAGTGTGAAGGTATATGCTGCTGAACCCTCAAATGCAGATGACTGCTACCAGTCC
AAGCTGAAGGGGAAACTGATGCCCAATCTTTATCCTCCAGAAACCATAGCAGATGGTGTC
AAATCCAGCATTGGCTTGAACACCTGGCCTATTATCAGGGACCTTGTGGATGATATCTTC
ACTGTCACAGAGGATGAAATTAAGTGTGCAACCCAGCTGGTGTGGGAGAGGATGAAACTA
CTCATTGAACCTACAGCTGGTGTTGGAGTGGCTGCTGTGCTGTCTCAACATTTTCAAACT
GTTTCCCCAGAAGTAAAGAACATTTGTATTGTGCTCAGTGGTGGAAATGTAGACTTAACC
TCCTCCATAACTTGGGTGAAGCAGGCTGAAAGGCCAGCTTCTTATCAGTCTGTTTCTGTT
TAA

1. De Miranda J, Santoro A, Engelender S, Wolosker H: Human serine racemase: moleular cloning, genomic organization and functional analysis. Gene. 2000 Oct 3;256(1-2):183-8. [PubMed ]
2. Xia M, Liu Y, Figueroa DJ, Chiu CS, Wei N, Lawlor AM, Lu P, Sur C, Koblan KS, Connolly TM: Characterization and localization of a human serine racemase. Brain Res Mol Brain Res. 2004 Jun 18;125(1-2):96-104. [PubMed ]
3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed ]
4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed ]
5. Baumgart F, Rodriguez-Crespo I: D-amino acids in the brain: the biochemistry of brain serine racemase. FEBS J. 2008 Jul;275(14):3538-45. [PubMed ]

MVSHSELRKLFYSADAVCFDVDSTVIREEGIDELAKICGVEDAVSEMTRRAMGGAVPFKA
ALTERLALIQPSREQVQRLIAEQPPHLTPGIRELVSRLQERNVQVFLISGGFRSIVEHVA
SKLNIPATNVFANRLKFYFNGEYAGFDETQPTAESGGKGKVIKLLKEKFHFKKIIMIGDG
ATDMEACPPADAFIGFGGNVIRQQVKDNAKWYITDFVELLGELEE

• Hydrolase (PF00702 )

• None

• None