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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate (HMDB03514)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2006-08-12 23:34:16
Update Date 2009-08-18 12:49:03
Accession Number HMDB03514
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate
Description Glucose 1,6-diphosphate is considered to be a major regulator of carbohydrate metabolism. It has been demonstrated that G-1,6-P2 is a potent activator (deinhibitor) of skeletal muscle phosphofructokinase (PFK) and phosphoglucomutase, while being an inhibitor of hexokinase (see Ref. 2). In addition, G-1,6 P2 has been shown to inhibit 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in various rat tissues and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase in bovine liver. Various factors and conditions affect the tissue content of G-1,6-P2. Specifically, anoxia induce a rapid fall in the content of G-l,6-P2 in brain. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate (G 1,6-P2 )have been recognized as a regulatory signal implicated in the control of metabolism, oxygen affinity of red cells and other cellular functions. The levels of G 1,6-P2 are reduced in the liver and in the muscle of rats with experimentally induced diabetes. In muscle of genetically dystrophic mice a decrease in the levels of G 1,6-P2 has been found, probably resulting from enhancement of glucose 1,6-P2 phosphatase activity. G 1,6-P2 is an inhibitor of hexokinase and its level is increased significantly after 5 min of exercise (~ 25%) and then decreased continuously. G 1,6-P2 is a potent allosteric activator of phosphofructokinase, and is markedly decreased in muscles of patients with glycogenosis type VII (muscle phosphofructokinase deficiency) and type V (muscle phosphorylase deficiency). Chronic alcohol intake produces an increase in the concentration of G 1,6-P2 in human muscle before the first sign of myopathy appears. When myopathy is present the level decreases to be similar of healthy humans. These changes could contribute to the decline in skeletal muscle performance. (PMID: 1449560, 2018547, 2003594, 3407759)
Synonyms
  1. Alpha-D-1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate) Glucopyranose
  2. Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
  3. a-D-Glucose 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)
  4. a-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate
  5. a-D-Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
  6. D-Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
  7. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate
  8. Alpha-delta-1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate) Glucopyranose
  9. alpha-delta-Glucose 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)
  10. alpha-delta-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate
  11. alpha-delta-Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
  12. delta-Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
  13. alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bis(dihydrogen phosphate)
  14. alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate
  15. alpha-D-Glucose 1,6-diphosphate
Chemical IUPAC Name [(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(phosphonooxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyphosphonic acid
Chemical Formula C6H14O12P2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate conjugates
Class
  • Sugar Phosphates
Sub Class
  • Monosaccharide phosphates
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • phosphoric acid ester
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 340.116
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 339.996063
Isomeric SMILES O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(O)=O)O[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1O
Canonical SMILES OC1C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)OC(OP(O)(O)=O)C1O
KEGG Compound ID C01231 Link Image
BioCyc ID ALPHA-GLUCOSE-16-BISPHOSPHATE Link Image
BiGG ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB03514 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB03514 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 82400 Link Image
PubChem Substance 10219373 Link Image
ChEBI ID 18148 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 10139-18-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C6H14O12P2/c7-3-2(1-16-19(10,11)12)17-6(5(9)4(3)8)18-20(13,14)15/h2-9H,1H2,(H2,10,11,12)(H2,13,14,15)/t2-,3-,4+,5-,6-/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 16.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -4
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -4.374 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -1.65 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -5.2 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location Not Available
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 98.0 +/- 17.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 165-177. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Starch and Sucrose Metabolism SMP00058 Link Image map00500 Link Image
General References Not Available
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Phosphomannomutase 2
  2. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
  3. Phosphoglucomutase-2
  4. Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
  5. Phosphomannomutase 1, isoform CRA_a
  6. cDNA FLJ78512, highly similar to Homo sapiens phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2), mRNA (Phosphomannomutase 2, isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 6929
Enzyme 1 Name Phosphomannomutase 2
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. PMM 2
Enzyme 1 Gene Name PMM2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Phosphomannomutase 2
MAAPGPALCLFDVDGTLTAPRQKITKEMDDFLQKLRQKIKIGVVGGSDFEKVQEQLGNDV
VEKYDYVFPENGLVAYKDGKLLCRQNIQSHLGEALIQDLINYCLSYIAKIKLPKKRGTFI
EFRNGMLNVSPIGRSCSQEERIEFYELDKKENIRQKFVADLRKEFAGKGLTFSIGGQISF
DVFPDGWDKRYCLRHVENDGYKTIYFFGDKTMPGGNDHEIFTDPRTMGYSVTAPEDTRRI
CELLFS
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 246
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 28081.9
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.76
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • isomerase activity
  • phosphomannomutase activity
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • mannose biosynthetic process
  • mannose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Involved in the synthesis of the GDP-mannose and dolichol-phosphate-mannose required for a number of critical mannosyl transfer reactions
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate = D-mannose 6-phosphate [RN:R01818]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 2218087 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O15305 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PMM2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >741 bp
ATGGCAGCGCCTGGCCCAGCGCTCTGCCTCTTCGACGTGGATGGGACCCTCACCGCCCCG
CGGCAGAAAATTACCAAAGAAATGGATGACTTCCTACAAAAATTGAGGCAGAAGATCAAA
ATCGGAGTGGTAGGCGGATCGGACTTTGAGAAAGTGCAGGAGCAACTGGGAAATGATGTG
GTTGAAAAATACGATTATGTGTTTCCAGAAAATGGCTTGGTAGCATACAAAGATGGGAAA
CTCTTGTGTAGACAGAATATTCAAAGTCATCTGGGTGAGGCCCTAATCCAAGATTTAATC
AACTACTGTCTGAGCTACATTGCGAAAATTAAACTCCCGAAGAAGAGGGGTACTTTCATT
GAATTCCGAAATGGGATGTTAAACGTGTCCCCTATTGGAAGAAGCTGCAGCCAAGAAGAA
CGCATTGAGTTCTACGAACTCGATAAAAAAGAAAATATAAGACAAAAGTTTGTAGCAGAT
CTACGGAAAGAGTTTGCTGGAAAAGGCCTCACGTTTTCCATAGGAGGCCAGATCAGCTTT
GATGTCTTTCCTGATGGATGGGACAAGAGATACTGTCTGCGACATGTGGAAAATGACGGT
TATAAGACCATTTATTTCTTTGGAGACAAAACTATGCCAGGTGGCAATGACCATGAGATC
TTCACAGACCCCAGAACCATGGGCTACTCCGTGACAGCGCCTGAGGACACGCGCAGGATC
TGTGAACTGCTGTTCTCCTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID U85773 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID PMM2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID PMM2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9115 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 16p13
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Pardon E, Veiga-Da-Cunha M, Jaeken J, Cassiman JJ, Van Schaftingen E: Mutations in PMM2, a phosphomannomutase gene on chromosome 16p13, in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein type I syndrome (Jaeken syndrome) Nat Genet. 1997 May;16(1):88-92. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Schollen E, Pardon E, Heykants L, Renard J, Doggett NA, Callen DF, Cassiman JJ, Matthijs G: Comparative analysis of the phosphomannomutase genes PMM1, PMM2 and PMM2psi: the sequence variation in the processed pseudogene is a reflection of the mutations found in the functional gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1998 Feb;7(2):157-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Silvaggi NR, Zhang C, Lu Z, Dai J, Dunaway-Mariano D, Allen KN: The X-ray crystal structures of human alpha-phosphomannomutase 1 reveal the structural basis of congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 26;281(21):14918-26. Epub 2006 Mar 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Levin EJ, Kondrashov DA, Wesenberg GE, Phillips GN Jr: Ensemble refinement of protein crystal structures: validation and application. Structure. 2007 Sep;15(9):1040-52. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Heykants L, Grunewald S: Phosphomannomutase deficiency: the molecular basis of the classical Jaeken syndrome (CDGS type Ia). Mol Genet Metab. 1999 Oct;68(2):220-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Van Schaftingen E, Cassiman JJ, Jaeken J: Lack of homozygotes for the most frequent disease allele in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A. Am J Hum Genet. 1998 Mar;62(3):542-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kjaergaard S, Skovby F, Schwartz M: Absence of homozygosity for predominant mutations in PMM2 in Danish patients with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. Eur J Hum Genet. 1998 Jul-Aug;6(4):331-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Kondo I, Mizugishi K, Yoneda Y, Hashimoto T, Kuwajima K, Yuasa I, Shigemoto K, Kuroda Y: Missense mutations in phosphomannomutase 2 gene in two Japanese families with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. Clin Genet. 1999 Jan;55(1):50-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Kjaergaard S, Skovby F, Schwartz M: Carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1A: expression and characterisation of wild type and mutant PMM2 in E. coli. Eur J Hum Genet. 1999 Dec;7(8):884-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Barnier A, Cuer M, Durand G, Grandchamp B, Seta N: Characterization of the 415G>A (E139K) PMM2 mutation in carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type Ia disrupting a splicing enhancer resulting in exon 5 skipping. Hum Mutat. 1999 Dec;14(6):543-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Matthijs G, Schollen E, Bjursell C, Erlandson A, Freeze H, Imtiaz F, Kjaergaard S, Martinsson T, Schwartz M, Seta N, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Westphal V, Winchester B: Mutations in PMM2 that cause congenital disorders of glycosylation, type Ia (CDG-Ia). Hum Mutat. 2000 Nov;16(5):386-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Bjursell C, Erlandson A, Nordling M, Nilsson S, Wahlstrom J, Stibler H, Kristiansson B, Martinsson T: PMM2 mutation spectrum, including 10 novel mutations, in a large CDG type 1A family material with a focus on Scandinavian families. Hum Mutat. 2000 Nov;16(5):395-400. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Imtiaz F, Worthington V, Champion M, Beesley C, Charlwood J, Clayton P, Keir G, Mian N, Winchester B: Genotypes and phenotypes of patients in the UK with carbohydrate-deficient glycoprotein syndrome type 1. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2000 Mar;23(2):162-74. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Westphal V, Enns GM, McCracken MF, Freeze HH: Functional analysis of novel mutations in a congenital disorder of glycosylation Ia patient with mixed Asian ancestry. Mol Genet Metab. 2001 May;73(1):71-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Schollen E, Martens K, Geuzens E, Matthijs G: DHPLC analysis as a platform for molecular diagnosis of congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG). Eur J Hum Genet. 2002 Oct;10(10):643-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Le Bizec C, Vuillaumier-Barrot S, Barnier A, Dupre T, Durand G, Seta N: A new insight into PMM2 mutations in the French population. Hum Mutat. 2005 May;25(5):504-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Schollen E, Keldermans L, Foulquier F, Briones P, Chabas A, Sanchez-Valverde F, Adamowicz M, Pronicka E, Wevers R, Matthijs G: Characterization of two unusual truncating PMM2 mutations in two CDG-Ia patients. Mol Genet Metab. 2007 Apr;90(4):408-13. Epub 2007 Feb 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 8647
Enzyme 2 Name Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Cytochrome c oxidase polypeptide Va
Enzyme 2 Gene Name COX5A
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, mitochondrial
MLGAALRRCAVAATTRADPRGLLHSARTPGPAVAIQSVRCYSHGSQETDEEFDARWVTYF
NKPDIDAWELRKGINTLVTYDMVPEPKIIDAALRACRRLNDFASTVRILEVVKDKAGPHK
EIYPYVIQELRPTLNELGISTPEELGLDKV
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 150
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 16762.0
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.78
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • cytochrome-c oxidase activity
  • heme-copper terminal oxidase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in cytochrome-c oxidase activity
Enzyme 2 Specific Function This is the heme A-containing chain of cytochrome c oxidase, the terminal oxidase in mitochondrial electron transport
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 190885499 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P20674 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name COX5A_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1V55 Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >453 bp
ATGCTGGGCGCCGCTCTCCGCCGCTGCGCTGTGGCCGCAACCACCCGGGCCGACCCTCGA
GGCCTCCTGCACTCCGCCCGGACCCCCGGCCCCGCCGTGGCTATCCAGTCAGTTCGCTGC
TATTCCCATGGGTCACAGGAGACAGATGAGGAGTTTGATGCTCGCTGGGTAACATACTTC
AACAAGCCAGATATAGATGCCTGGGAATTGCGTAAAGGGATAAACACACTTGTTACCTAT
GATATGGTTCCAGAGCCCAAAATCATTGATGCTGCTTTGCGGGCATGCAGACGGTTAAAT
GATTTTGCTAGTACAGTTCGTATCCTAGAGGTTGTTAAGGACAAAGCAGGACCTCATAAG
GAAATCTACCCCTATGTCATCCAGGAACTTAGACCAACTTTAAATGAACTGGGAATCTCC
ACTCCGGAGGAACTGGGCCTTGACAAAGTGTAA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID NM_004255.3 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID COX5A Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID COX5A Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:2267 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 15q24.1
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Rizzuto R, Nakase H, Zeviani M, DiMauro S, Schon EA: Subunit Va of human and bovine cytochrome c oxidase is highly conserved. Gene. 1988 Sep 30;69(2):245-56. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Uddin M, Opazo JC, Wildman DE, Sherwood CC, Hof PR, Goodman M, Grossman LI: Molecular evolution of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A gene in primates. BMC Evol Biol. 2008 Jan 15;8:8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Zody MC, Garber M, Sharpe T, Young SK, Rowen L, O'Neill K, Whittaker CA, Kamal M, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Kodira CD, Madan A, Qin S, Yang X, Abbasi N, Abouelleil A, Arachchi HM, Baradarani L, Birditt B, Bloom S, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Burke J, Butler J, Cook A, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dorris L 3rd, Dors M, Eichler EE, Engels R, Fahey J, Fleetwood P, Friedman C, Gearin G, Hall JL, Hensley G, Johnson E, Jones C, Kamat A, Kaur A, Locke DP, Madan A, Munson G, Jaffe DB, Lui A, Macdonald P, Mauceli E, Naylor JW, Nesbitt R, Nicol R, O'Leary SB, Ratcliffe A, Rounsley S, She X, Sneddon KM, Stewart S, Sougnez C, Stone SM, Topham K, Vincent D, Wang S, Zimmer AR, Birren BW, Hood L, Lander ES, Nusbaum C: Analysis of the DNA sequence and duplication history of human chromosome 15. Nature. 2006 Mar 30;440(7084):671-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Hughes GJ, Frutiger S, Paquet N, Pasquali C, Sanchez JC, Tissot JD, Bairoch A, Appel RD, Hochstrasser DF: Human liver protein map: update 1993. Electrophoresis. 1993 Nov;14(11):1216-22. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Kovalyov LI, Shishkin SS, Efimochkin AS, Kovalyova MA, Ershova ES, Egorov TA, Musalyamov AK: The major protein expression profile and two-dimensional protein database of human heart. Electrophoresis. 1995 Jul;16(7):1160-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 9329
Enzyme 3 Name Phosphoglucomutase-2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. PGM 2
  2. Glucose phosphomutase 2
  3. Phosphodeoxyribomutase
  4. Phosphopentomutase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name PGM2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Phosphoglucomutase-2
MAAPEGSGLGEDARLDQETAQWLRWDKNSLTLEAVKRLIAEGNKEELRKCFGARMEFGTA
GLRAAMGPGISRMNDLTIIQTTQGFCRYLEKQFSDLKQKGIVISFDARAHPSSGGSSRRF
ARLAATTFISQGIPVYLFSDITPTPFVPFTVSHLKLCAGIMITASHNPKQDNGYKVYWDN
GAQIISPHDKGISQAIEENLEPWPQAWDDSLIDSSPLLHNPSASINNDYFEDLKKYCFHR
SVNRETKVKFVHTSVHGVGHSFVQSAFKAFDLVPPEAVPEQKDPDPEFPTVKYPNPEEGK
GVLTLSFALADKTKARIVLANDPDADRLAVAEKQDSGEWRVFSGNELGALLGWWLFTSWK
EKNQDRSALKDTYMLSSTVSSKILRAIALKEGFHFEETLTGFKWMGNRAKQLIDQGKTVL
FAFEEAIGYMCCPFVLDKDGVSAAVISAELASFLATKNLSLSQQLKAIYVEYGYHITKAS
YFICHDQETIKKLFENLRNYDGKNNYPKACGKFEISAIRDLTTGYDDSQPDKKAVLPTSK
SSQMITFTFANGGVATMRTSGTEPKIKYYAELCAPPGNSDPEQLKKELNELVSAIEEHFF
QPQKYNLQPKAD
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 612
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 68282.8
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.70
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • ion binding
  • isomerase activity
  • magnesium ion binding
  • metal ion binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Catalyzes the conversion of the nucleoside breakdown products ribose-1-phosphate and deoxyribose-1-phosphate to the corresponding 5-phosphopentoses. May also catalyze the interconversion of glucose-1-phosphate and glucose-6-phosphate. Has low glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase activity
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate = D-ribose 5-phosphate [RN:R01057]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 33337743 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q96G03 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGM2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1839 bp
ATGGCGGCTCCAGAAGGCAGCGGTCTAGGCGAGGACGCCCGGCTGGACCAGGAGACCGCC
CAGTGGCTGCGCTGGGACAAGAATTCCTTAACTTTGGAGGCAGTGAAACGACTAATAGCA
GAAGGTAATAAAGAAGAACTACGAAAATGTTTTGGGGCCCGAATGGAGTTTGGGACAGCT
GGCCTCCGAGCTGCTATGGGACCTGGAATTTCTCGTATGAATGACTTGACCATCATCCAG
ACTACACAGGGATTTTGCAGATACCTGGAAAAACAATTCAGTGACTTAAAGCAGAAAGGC
ATCGTGATCAGTTTTGACGCCCGAGCTCATCCATCCAGTGGGGGTAGCAGCAGAAGGTTT
GCCCGACTTGCTGCAACCACATTTATCAGTCAGGGGATTCCTGTGTACCTCTTTTCTGAT
ATAACGCCAACCCCCTTTGTGCCCTTCACAGTATCACATTTGAAACTTTGTGCTGGAATC
ATGATAACTGCATCTCACAATCCAAAGCAGGATAATGGTTATAAGGTCTATTGGGATAAT
GGAGCTCAGATCATTTCTCCTCACGATAAAGGGATTTCTCAAGCTATTGAAGAAAATCTA
GAACCGTGGCCTCAAGCTTGGGACGATTCTTTAATTGATAGCAGTCCACTTCTCCACAAT
CCGAGTGCTTCCATCAATAATGACTACTTTGAAGACCTTAAAAAGTACTGTTTCCACAGG
AGCGTGAACAGGGAGACAAAGGTGAAGTTTGTGCACACCTCTGTCCATGGGGTGGGTCAT
AGCTTTGTGCAGTCAGCTTTCAAGGCTTTTGACCTTGTTCCTCCTGAGGCTGTTCCTGAA
CAGAAAGATCCGGATCCTGAGTTTCCAACAGTGAAATACCCGAATCCCGAAGAGGGGAAA
GGTGTCTTGACTTTGTCTTTTGCTTTGGCTGACAAAACCAAGGCCAGAATTGTTTTAGCT
AACGACCCGGATGCTGATAGACTTGCTGTGGCAGAAAAGCAAGACAGTGGTGAATGGAGG
GTGTTTTCAGGCAATGAGTTGGGGGCCCTCCTGGGCTGGTGGCTTTTTACATCTTGGAAA
GAGAAGAACCAGGATCGCAGTGCTCTCAAAGACACGTACATGTTGTCCAGCACCGTCTCC
TCCAAAATCTTGCGGGCCATTGCCTTAAAGGAAGGTTTTCATTTTGAGGAAACATTAACT
GGCTTTAAGTGGATGGGAAACAGAGCCAAACAGCTAATAGACCAGGGGAAAACTGTTTTA
TTTGCATTTGAAGAAGCTATTGGATACATGTGCTGCCCTTTTGTTCTGGACAAAGATGGA
GTCAGTGCCGCTGTCATAAGTGCAGAGTTGGCTAGCTTCCTAGCAACCAAGAATTTGTCT
TTGTCTCAGCAACTAAAGGCCATTTATGTGGAGTATGGCTACCATATTACTAAAGCTTCC
TATTTTATCTGCCATGATCAAGAAACCATTAAGAAATTATTTGAAAACCTCAGAAACTAC
GATGGAAAAAATAATTATCCAAAAGCTTGTGGCAAATTTGAAATTTCTGCCATTAGGGAC
CTTACAACTGGCTATGATGATAGCCAACCTGATAAAAAAGCTGTTCTTCCCACTAGTAAA
AGCAGCCAAATGATCACCTTCACCTTTGCTAATGGAGGCGTGGCCACCATGCGCACCAGT
GGGACAGAGCCCAAAATCAAGTACTATGCAGAGCTGTGTGCCCCACCTGGGAACAGTGAT
CCTGAGCAGCTGAAGAAGGAACTGAATGAACTGGTCAGTGCTATTGAAGAACATTTTTTC
CAGCCACAGAAGTACAATCTGCAGCCAAAAGCAGACTAA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AF109360 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID PGM2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID PGM2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:8906 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 3 Locus 4p14
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Wiemann S, Weil B, Wellenreuther R, Gassenhuber J, Glassl S, Ansorge W, Bocher M, Blocker H, Bauersachs S, Blum H, Lauber J, Dusterhoft A, Beyer A, Kohrer K, Strack N, Mewes HW, Ottenwalder B, Obermaier B, Tampe J, Heubner D, Wambutt R, Korn B, Klein M, Poustka A: Toward a catalog of human genes and proteins: sequencing and analysis of 500 novel complete protein coding human cDNAs. Genome Res. 2001 Mar;11(3):422-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gevaert K, Goethals M, Martens L, Van Damme J, Staes A, Thomas GR, Vandekerckhove J: Exploring proteomes and analyzing protein processing by mass spectrometric identification of sorted N-terminal peptides. Nat Biotechnol. 2003 May;21(5):566-9. Epub 2003 Mar 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Maliekal P, Sokolova T, Vertommen D, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase family. J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 2;282(44):31844-51. Epub 2007 Sep 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 14947
Enzyme 4 Name Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
Enzyme 4 Synonyms
  1. PMMLP
  2. Phosphoglucomutase-2-like 1
Enzyme 4 Gene Name PGM2L1
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase
MAENTEGDLNSNLLHAPYHTGDPQLDTAIGQWLRWDKNPKTKEQIENLLRNGMNKELRDR
LCCRMTFGTAGLRSAMGAGFCYINDLTVIQSTQGMYKYLERCFSDFKQRGFVVGYDTRGQ
VTSSCSSQRLAKLTAAVLLAKDVPVYLFSRYVPTPFVPYAVQKLKAVAGVMITASHNRKE
DNGYKVYWETGAQITSPHDKEILKCIEECVEPWNGSWNDNLVDTSPLKRDPLQDICRRYM
EDLKKICFYRELNSKTTLKFVHTSFHGVGHDYVQLAFKVFGFKPPIPVPEQKDPDPDFST
VKCPNPEEGESVLELSLRLAEKENARVVLATDPDADRLAAAELQENGCWKVFTGNELAAL
FGWWMFDCWKKNKSRNADVKNVYMLATTVSSKILKAIALKEGFHFEETLPGFKWIGSRII
DLLENGKEVLFAFEESIGFLCGTSVLDKDGVSAAVVVAEMASYLETMNITLKQQLVKVYE
KYGYHISKTSYFLCYEPPTIKSIFERLRNFDSPKEYPKFCGTFAILHVRDITTGYDSSQP
NKKSVLPVSKNSQMITFTFQNGCVATLRTSGTEPKIKYYAEMCASPDQSDTALLEEELKK
LIDALIENFLQPSKNGLIWRSV
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 622
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 70455.1
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.17
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • isomerase activity
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 4 General Function Involved in intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Glucose 1,6-bisphosphate synthase using 1,3- bisphosphoglycerate as a phosphate donor and a series of 1- phosphate sugars as acceptors, including glucose 1-phosphate, mannose 1-phosphate, ribose 1-phosphate and deoxyribose 1- phosphate. 5 or 6-phosphosugars are bad substrates, with the exception of glucose 6-phosphate. Also synthesizes ribose 1,5- bisphosphate. Has only low phosphopentomutase and phosphoglucomutase activities
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions
  • 3-phospho-D-glyceroyl phosphate + alpha-D-glucose 1-phosphate = 3-phospho-D-glycerate + alpha-D-glucose 1,6-bisphosphate [RN:R01660]
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 5688958 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6PCE3 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PGM2L_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >1869 bp
ATGGCTGAAAACACAGAGGGGGATCTGAACTCCAACCTGCTCCACGCCCCCTACCACACC
GGGGACCCTCAGCTGGACACGGCCATCGGGCAGTGGCTCCGCTGGGATAAGAATCCCAAA
ACAAAAGAGCAGATTGAAAACCTGTTACGGAATGGGATGAACAAGGAGCTGCGAGATCGT
CTTTGTTGCCGAATGACTTTTGGGACTGCAGGACTTCGTTCTGCCATGGGGGCAGGGTTT
TGCTATATTAATGACCTTACAGTAATACAGTCAACACAGGGGATGTACAAATACCTTGAG
AGATGTTTCTCAGACTTCAAGCAGAGAGGCTTTGTGGTTGGGTATGACACTCGGGGTCAA
GTAACTAGCAGCTGCAGCAGCCAGAGGCTTGCTAAACTCACTGCTGCAGTCTTGCTGGCC
AAAGATGTTCCTGTGTACCTTTTTTCAAGATATGTTCCTACACCTTTTGTACCATATGCA
GTTCAGAAGCTCAAAGCAGTTGCAGGTGTGATGATTACTGCCTCTCACAACCGCAAGGAA
GACAATGGATACAAGGTTTACTGGGAAACTGGTGCTCAGATCACATCTCCTCATGATAAA
GAAATTCTAAAATGTATAGAAGAATGTGTGGAACCCTGGAATGGTTCCTGGAATGATAAT
TTAGTGGATACCAGCCCGCTGAAGAGAGACCCTCTGCAGGACATTTGCAGGAGATACATG
GAAGATCTGAAAAAGATCTGTTTTTACAGGGAGTTAAACTCGAAGACCACCTTGAAATTT
GTGCACACATCTTTTCATGGGGTCGGACATGACTATGTGCAGTTGGCTTTTAAAGTGTTT
GGTTTTAAGCCTCCAATTCCAGTACCAGAACAAAAAGATCCTGATCCAGACTTTTCTACC
GTTAAATGTCCAAATCCTGAAGAAGGAGAATCTGTGCTGGAACTTTCCTTGAGACTGGCA
GAGAAAGAAAATGCCCGGGTAGTGCTAGCCACAGATCCTGATGCAGACAGACTGGCAGCA
GCAGAACTTCAGGAGAATGGTTGTTGGAAAGTTTTCACAGGGAATGAGTTGGCAGCTTTG
TTTGGATGGTGGATGTTTGATTGCTGGAAGAAAAATAAATCAAGAAATGCTGATGTGAAG
AACGTTTATATGTTAGCCACCACAGTCTCTTCTAAAATTCTGAAGGCAATTGCACTTAAA
GAAGGATTTCATTTTGAAGAAACATTACCAGGTTTTAAATGGATTGGAAGTAGGATAATA
GACCTCCTGGAAAATGGGAAAGAAGTCCTTTTTGCATTTGAAGAGTCTATTGGTTTTCTC
TGTGGAACTTCAGTTTTGGATAAAGATGGGGTGAGTGCAGCTGTTGTGGTTGCTGAGATG
GCATCTTACCTGGAAACCATGAATATAACATTGAAACAGCAACTGGTTAAGGTTTATGAA
AAATATGGTTATCATATTTCAAAAACTTCCTATTTCTTGTGTTATGAACCACCTACCATC
AAAAGTATATTTGAAAGGCTTCGTAATTTTGATTCTCCAAAAGAATATCCAAAATTTTGT
GGAACATTTGCTATATTGCATGTACGGGACGTTACCACTGGATATGACAGTAGCCAGCCT
AATAAGAAATCAGTGCTGCCTGTGAGTAAAAACAGCCAAATGATTACATTTACTTTTCAA
AATGGCTGTGTTGCTACCCTTCGGACAAGTGGAACAGAACCAAAGATAAAGTATTATGCA
GAGATGTGTGCGTCACCTGACCAGAGTGACACTGCTTTACTGGAGGAAGAACTGAAGAAA
CTCATTGATGCTCTGATAGAGAATTTTCTTCAGCCTAGTAAGAATGGACTGATCTGGCGT
TCTGTTTAG
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AB019210 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID PGM2L1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID PGM2L1 Link Image
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID HGNC:20898 Link Image
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 4 Locus 11q13.4
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References
  1. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Maliekal P, Sokolova T, Vertommen D, Veiga-da-Cunha M, Van Schaftingen E: Molecular identification of mammalian phosphopentomutase and glucose-1,6-bisphosphate synthase, two members of the alpha-D-phosphohexomutase family. J Biol Chem. 2007 Nov 2;282(44):31844-51. Epub 2007 Sep 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Imami K, Sugiyama N, Kyono Y, Tomita M, Ishihama Y: Automated phosphoproteome analysis for cultured cancer cells by two-dimensional nanoLC-MS using a calcined titania/C18 biphasic column. Anal Sci. 2008 Jan;24(1):161-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Veiga-da-Cunha M, Vleugels W, Maliekal P, Matthijs G, Van Schaftingen E: Mammalian phosphomannomutase PMM1 is the brain IMP-sensitive glucose-1,6-bisphosphatase. J Biol Chem. 2008 Dec 5;283(49):33988-93. Epub 2008 Oct 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Dephoure N, Zhou C, Villen J, Beausoleil SA, Bakalarski CE, Elledge SJ, Gygi SP: A quantitative atlas of mitotic phosphorylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Aug 5;105(31):10762-7. Epub 2008 Jul 31. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 5 [top]
Enzyme 5 ID 15878
Enzyme 5 Name Phosphomannomutase 1, isoform CRA_a
Enzyme 5 Synonyms
  1. SubName: cDNA FLJ75943, highly similar to Homo sapiens phosphomannomutase 1 (PMM1), mRNA
  2. SubName: cDNA, FLJ94591, highly similar to Homo sapiens phosphomannomutase 1 (PMM1), mRNA
Enzyme 5 Gene Name PMM1
Enzyme 5 Protein Sequence >Phosphomannomutase 1, isoform CRA_a
MAVTAQAARRKERVLCLFDVDGTLTPARQKIDPEVAAFLQKLRSRVQIGVVGGSDYCKIA
EQLGDGDEVIEKFDYVFAENGTVQYKHGRLLSKQTIQNHLGEELLQDLINFCLSYMALLR
LPKKRGTFIEFRNGMLNISPIGRSCTLEERIEFSELDKKEKIREKFVEALKTEFAGKGLR
FSRGGMISFDVFPEGWDKRYCLDSLDQDSFDTIHFFGNETSPGGNDFEIFADPRTVGHSV
VSPQDTVQRCREIFFPETAHEA
Enzyme 5 Number of Residues 262
Enzyme 5 Molecular Weight 29746.5
Enzyme 5 Theoretical pI 5.47
Enzyme 5 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity
  • intramolecular transferase activity, phosphotransferases
  • isomerase activity
  • phosphomannomutase activity
Process
  • alcohol metabolic process
  • hexose metabolic process
  • mannose biosynthetic process
  • mannose metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • monosaccharide metabolic process
  • small molecule metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 5 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 5 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 5 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 5 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 5 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 5 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 5 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 5 GenBank ID Protein 158259759 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K003 Link Image
Enzyme 5 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K003_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 5 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 5 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 5 Gene Sequence >789 bp
ATGGCAGTCACCGCCCAGGCAGCCCGCAGGAAGGAGCGCGTCCTCTGCCTGTTTGACGTG
GACGGGACCCTCACGCCGGCTCGCCAGAAAATTGACCCTGAGGTGGCCGCCTTCCTGCAG
AAGCTACGAAGTAGAGTGCAGATCGGTGTGGTGGGCGGCTCTGACTACTGTAAGATCGCT
GAGCAGCTGGGTGACGGGGATGAAGTCATTGAGAAGTTTGATTATGTGTTTGCCGAGAAC
GGGACGGTGCAGTATAAGCACGGACGACTGCTCTCCAAGCAGACCATCCAGAACCACCTG
GGGGAGGAGCTGCTGCAGGACTTGATCAACTTCTGCCTCAGCTACATGGCCCTGCTCAGG
CTGCCCAAGAAGCGTGGAACCTTCATCGAGTTCCGGAATGGCATGCTGAACATCTCGCCC
ATCGGCCGGAGCTGCACCCTGGAGGAGAGGATCGAGTTCTCCGAACTGGACAAGAAAGAG
AAGATCCGGGAGAAGTTCGTGGAAGCCCTGAAAACAGAGTTTGCTGGCAAAGGGCTGAGG
TTCTCTCGAGGAGGCATGATCAGCTTTGACGTCTTCCCCGAGGGCTGGGACAAGCGCTAC
TGCCTGGATAGCCTGGACCAGGACAGCTTCGACACCATCCACTTCTTTGGGAACGAGACT
AGCCCTGGTGGGAACGACTTTGAGATCTTTGCCGACCCCCGGACTGTTGGCCACAGCGTG
GTGTCTCCTCAGGACACGGTGCAGCGATGCCGGGAGATTTTCTTCCCAGAGACAGCTCAT
GAGGCGTGA
Enzyme 5 GenBank Gene ID AK289368 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GeneCard ID PMM1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 GenAtlas ID PMM1 Link Image
Enzyme 5 HGNC ID HGNC:9114 Link Image
Enzyme 5 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 5 Locus 22q13.2
Enzyme 5 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 5 General References Not Available
Enzyme 5 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 6 [top]
Enzyme 6 ID 15879
Enzyme 6 Name cDNA FLJ78512, highly similar to Homo sapiens phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2), mRNA (Phosphomannomutase 2, isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 6 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Name PMM2
Enzyme 6 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ78512, highly similar to Homo sapiens phosphomannomutase 2 (PMM2), mRNA (Phosphomannomutase 2, isoform CRA_b)
MAAPGPALCLFDVDGTLTAPRQKITKEMDDFLQKLRQKIKIGVVGGSDFEKVQEQLGNDV
VEKYDYVFPENGLVAYKDGKLLCRQNIQSHLGEALIQDLINYCLSYIAKIKLPKKRGTFI
EFRNGMLNVSPIGRSCSQEERIEFYELDKKENIRQKFVADLRKEFAGKGLTFSIGGQISF
DVFPDGWDKRYCLRHVENDGYKTIYFFGDKTMPGGNDHEIFTDPRTMGYSVTAPEDTRRI
CELLFS
Enzyme 6 Number of Residues 246
Enzyme 6 Molecular Weight 28082
Enzyme 6 Theoretical pI 6.76
Enzyme 6 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 6 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 6 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 6 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 6 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 6 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 6 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K672 Link Image
Enzyme 6 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K672_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 6 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 6 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 6 GenBank Gene ID AK291537 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GeneCard ID A8K672 Link Image
Enzyme 6 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 6 Chromosome Location 16
Enzyme 6 Locus 16p13.3-p13.2
Enzyme 6 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 6 General References Not Available
Enzyme 6 Metabolite References Not Available