Showing metabocard for (2E)-Dodecenoyl-CoA (HMDB0003712)

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups

Specific function:

Abolishes BNIP3-mediated apoptosis and mitochondrial damage.

Gene Name:

ACAA2

Uniprot ID:

P42765

Molecular weight:

41923.82

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACAA1

Uniprot ID:

P09110

Molecular weight:

34664.46

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

HADHB

Uniprot ID:

P55084

Molecular weight:

51293.955

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Plays a role in valine and pyrimidine metabolism. Binds fatty acyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ALDH6A1

Uniprot ID:

Q02252

Molecular weight:

57839.31

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACADL

Uniprot ID:

P28330

Molecular weight:

47655.275

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

ACADS

Uniprot ID:

P16219

Molecular weight:

44296.705

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

This enzyme is specific for acyl chain lengths of 4 to 16.

Gene Name:

ACADM

Uniprot ID:

P11310

Molecular weight:

46587.98

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the desaturation of acyl-CoAs to 2-trans-enoyl-CoAs. Isoform 1 shows highest activity against medium-chain fatty acyl-CoAs and activity decreases with increasing chain length. Isoform 2 is active against a much broader range of substrates and shows activity towards very long-chain acyl-CoAs. Isoform 2 is twice as active as isoform 1 against 16-hydroxy-palmitoyl-CoA and is 25% more active against 1,16-hexadecanodioyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ACOX1

Uniprot ID:

Q15067

Molecular weight:

70135.205

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Oxidizes the CoA esters of the bile acid intermediates di- and tri-hydroxycholestanoic acids.

Gene Name:

ACOX2

Uniprot ID:

Q99424

Molecular weight:

76826.14

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

IVD

Uniprot ID:

P26440

Molecular weight:

43055.325

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-CH group of donors

Specific function:

Oxidizes the CoA-esters of 2-methyl-branched fatty acids (By similarity).

Gene Name:

ACOX3

Uniprot ID:

O15254

Molecular weight:

69574.075

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of glutaryl-CoA to crotonyl-CoA and CO(2) in the degradative pathway of L-lysine, L-hydroxylysine, and L-tryptophan metabolism. It uses electron transfer flavoprotein as its electron acceptor. Isoform Short is inactive.

Gene Name:

GCDH

Uniprot ID:

Q92947

Molecular weight:

48126.715

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Hepatic lipase has the capacity to catalyze hydrolysis of phospholipids, mono-, di-, and triglycerides, and acyl-CoA thioesters. It is an important enzyme in HDL metabolism. Hepatic lipase binds heparin.

Gene Name:

LIPC

Uniprot ID:

P11150

Molecular weight:

55914.1

General function:

Involved in diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Catalyzes the terminal and only committed step in triacylglycerol synthesis by using diacylglycerol and fatty acyl CoA as substrates. In contrast to DGAT2 it is not essential for survival. May be involved in VLDL (very low density lipoprotein) assembly. In liver, plays a role in esterifying exogenous fatty acids to glycerol. Functions as the major acyl-CoA retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) in the skin, where it acts to maintain retinoid homeostasis and prevent retinoid toxicity leading to skin and hair disorders.

Gene Name:

DGAT1

Uniprot ID:

O75907

Molecular weight:

55277.735

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).

Gene Name:

BCKDHB

Uniprot ID:

P21953

Molecular weight:

43122.065

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor

Specific function:

The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).

Gene Name:

BCKDHA

Uniprot ID:

P12694

Molecular weight:

50470.58

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Terminal component of the liver microsomal stearyl-CoA desaturase system, that utilizes O(2) and electrons from reduced cytochrome b5 to catalyze the insertion of a double bond into a spectrum of fatty acyl-CoA substrates including palmitoyl-CoA and stearoyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

SCD

Uniprot ID:

O00767

Molecular weight:

41522.28

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

EHHADH

Uniprot ID:

Q08426

Molecular weight:

69153.26

Reactions

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Straight-chain enoyl-CoA thioesters from C4 up to at least C16 are processed, although with decreasing catalytic rate.

Gene Name:

ECHS1

Uniprot ID:

P30084

Molecular weight:

31387.085

Reactions

General function:

Involved in oxidoreductase activity

Specific function:

Bifunctional subunit.

Gene Name:

HADHA

Uniprot ID:

P40939

Molecular weight:

82998.97

Reactions

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA binding

Specific function:

Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase. May provide cholesteryl esters for lipoprotein secretion from hepatocytes and intestinal mucosa.

Gene Name:

SOAT2

Uniprot ID:

O75908

Molecular weight:

59895.735

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the formation of fatty acid-cholesterol esters. Plays a role in lipoprotein assembly and dietary cholesterol absorption. In addition to its acyltransferase activity, it may act as a ligase.

Gene Name:

SOAT1

Uniprot ID:

P35610

Molecular weight:

58130.665

General function:

Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Involved in bile acid metabolism. In liver hepatocytes catalyzes the second step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi. The major components of bile are cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid. In a first step the bile acids are converted to an acyl-CoA thioester, either in peroxisomes (primary bile acids deriving from the cholesterol pathway), or cytoplasmic at the endoplasmic reticulum (secondary bile acids). May catalyze the conjugation of primary or secondary bile acids, or both. The conjugation increases the detergent properties of bile acids in the intestine, which facilitates lipid and fat-soluble vitamin absorption. In turn, bile acids are deconjugated by bacteria in the intestine and are recycled back to the liver for reconjugation (secondary bile acids). May also act as an acyl-CoA thioesterase that regulates intracellular levels of free fatty acids. In vitro, catalyzes the hydrolysis of long- and very long-chain saturated acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), and conjugates glycine to these acyl-CoAs.

Gene Name:

BAAT

Uniprot ID:

Q14032

Molecular weight:

46298.865

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates.

Gene Name:

ACSL4

Uniprot ID:

O60488

Molecular weight:

74435.495

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Preferentially uses palmitoleate, oleate and linoleate.

Gene Name:

ACSL1

Uniprot ID:

P33121

Molecular weight:

77942.685

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Activation of long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. Plays an important role in fatty acid metabolism in brain and the acyl-CoAs produced may be utilized exclusively for the synthesis of the brain lipid.

Gene Name:

ACSL6

Uniprot ID:

Q9UKU0

Molecular weight:

80609.765

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activate long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. ACSL5 may activate fatty acids from exogenous sources for the synthesis of triacylglycerol destined for intracellular storage (By similarity). Utilizes a wide range of saturated fatty acids with a preference for C16-C18 unsaturated fatty acids (By similarity). It was suggested that it may also stimulate fatty acid oxidation (By similarity). At the villus tip of the crypt-villus axis of the small intestine may sensitize epithelial cells to apoptosis specifically triggered by the death ligand TRAIL. May have a role in the survival of glioma cells.

Gene Name:

ACSL5

Uniprot ID:

Q9ULC5

Molecular weight:

82262.19

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA synthetases (ACSL) activates long-chain fatty acids for both synthesis of cellular lipids, and degradation via beta-oxidation. ACSL3 mediates hepatic lipogenesis (By similarity). Preferentially uses myristate, laurate, arachidonate and eicosapentaenoate as substrates (By similarity). Has mainly an anabolic role in energy metabolism. Required for the incorporation of fatty acids into phosphatidylcholine, the major phospholipid located on the surface of VLDL (very low density lipoproteins).

Gene Name:

ACSL3

Uniprot ID:

O95573

Molecular weight:

80419.415

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Esterifies acyl-group from acyl-ACP to the sn-1 position of glycerol-3-phosphate, an essential step in glycerolipid biosynthesis.

Gene Name:

GPAM

Uniprot ID:

Q9HCL2

Molecular weight:

93793.895

General function:

Involved in zinc ion binding

Specific function:

Catalyzes the reduction of trans-2-enoyl-CoA to acyl-CoA with chain length from C6 to C16 in an NADPH-dependent manner with preference to medium chain length substrate. May have a role in the mitochondrial synthesis of fatty acids.

Gene Name:

MECR

Uniprot ID:

Q9BV79

Molecular weight:

32228.0

Reactions

General function:

Involved in regulation of apoptosis

Specific function:

Participates in chain elongation of fatty acids. Has no 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase activity.

Gene Name:

PECR

Uniprot ID:

Q9BY49

Molecular weight:

32544.11

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May play an important physiological function in brain. May play a regulatory role by modulating the cellular levels of fatty acyl-CoA ligands for certain transcription factors as well as the substrates for fatty acid metabolizing enzymes, contributing to lipid homeostasis. Has broad specificity, active towards fatty acyl-CoAs with chain-lengths of C8-C18. Has a maximal activity toward palmitoyl-CoA.

Gene Name:

ACOT7

Uniprot ID:

O00154

Molecular weight:

40454.945

General function:

Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. Displays high levels of activity on medium- and long chain acyl CoAs.

Gene Name:

ACOT2

Uniprot ID:

P49753

Molecular weight:

53218.02

General function:

Involved in thiolester hydrolase activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH (By similarity). Succinyl-CoA thioesterase that also hydrolyzes long chain saturated and unsaturated monocarboxylic acyl-CoAs.

Gene Name:

ACOT4

Uniprot ID:

Q8N9L9

Molecular weight:

46326.09

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA thioesterase activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA thioesterases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of acyl-CoAs to the free fatty acid and coenzyme A (CoASH), providing the potential to regulate intracellular levels of acyl-CoAs, free fatty acids and CoASH. May mediate Nef-induced down-regulation of CD4. Major thioesterase in peroxisomes. Competes with BAAT (Bile acid CoA: amino acid N-acyltransferase) for bile acid-CoA substrate (such as chenodeoxycholoyl-CoA). Shows a preference for medium-length fatty acyl-CoAs (By similarity). May be involved in the metabolic regulation of peroxisome proliferation.

Gene Name:

ACOT8

Uniprot ID:

O14734

Molecular weight:

35914.02

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Not Available

Gene Name:

GNPAT

Uniprot ID:

O15228

Molecular weight:

77187.185

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Acts on LPA containing saturated or unsaturated fatty acids C16:0-C20:4 at the sn-1 position using C18:1, C20:4 or C18:2-CoA as the acyl donor. Also acts on lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylinositol and lysophosphatidylserine using C18:1 or C20:4-CoA.

Gene Name:

AGPAT3

Uniprot ID:

Q9NRZ7

Molecular weight:

43380.605

General function:

Lipid transport and metabolism

Specific function:

Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone.

Gene Name:

AGPAT2

Uniprot ID:

O15120

Molecular weight:

27278.915

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone.

Gene Name:

AGPAT1

Uniprot ID:

Q99943

Molecular weight:

31716.27

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity

Specific function:

Has greatest activity toward short branched chain acyl-CoA derivative such as (s)-2-methylbutyryl-CoA, isobutyryl-CoA, and 2-methylhexanoyl-CoA as well as toward short straight chain acyl-CoAs such as butyryl-CoA and hexanoyl-CoA. Can use valproyl-CoA as substrate and may play a role in controlling the metabolic flux of valproic acid in the development of toxicity of this agent.

Gene Name:

ACADSB

Uniprot ID:

P45954

Molecular weight:

47485.035

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA synthetase probably involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to activate C27 precurors of bile acids to their CoA thioesters derivatives before side chain cleavage via peroxisomal beta-oxidation occurs. In vitro, activates 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol. Does not utilize C24 bile acids as substrates. In vitro, also activates long- and branched-chain fatty acids and may have additional roles in fatty acid metabolism. May be involved in translocation of long-chain fatty acids (LFCA) across membranes (By similarity).

Gene Name:

SLC27A2

Uniprot ID:

O14975

Molecular weight:

64614.99

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to a promoter element in the gene for acyl-CoA oxidase and activates its transcription. It therefore controls the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Key regulator of adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis

Gene Name:

PPARG

Uniprot ID:

P37231

Molecular weight:

57619.6

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Ligand-activated transcription factor. Key regulator of lipid metabolism. Activated by the endogenous ligand 1-palmitoyl- 2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphocholine (16:0/18:1-GPC). Activated by oleylethanolamide, a naturally occurring lipid that regulates satiety. Receptor for peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene

Gene Name:

PPARA

Uniprot ID:

Q07869

Molecular weight:

52224.6

General function:

Involved in DNA binding

Specific function:

Ligand-activated transcription factor. Receptor that binds peroxisome proliferators such as hypolipidemic drugs and fatty acids. Has a preference for poly-unsaturated fatty acids, such as gamma-linoleic acid and eicosapentanoic acid. Once activated by a ligand, the receptor binds to promoter elements of target genes. Regulates the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway of fatty acids. Functions as transcription activator for the acyl-CoA oxidase gene. Decreases expression of NPC1L1 once activated by a ligand

Gene Name:

PPARD

Uniprot ID:

Q03181

Molecular weight:

49903.0

General function:

Involved in acyl-CoA binding

Specific function:

Binds medium- and long-chain acyl-CoA esters with very high affinity and may function as an intracellular carrier of acyl-CoA esters. It is also able to displace diazepam from the benzodiazepine (BZD) recognition site located on the GABA type A receptor. It is therefore possible that this protein also acts as a neuropeptide to modulate the action of the GABA receptor

Gene Name:

DBI

Uniprot ID:

P07108

Molecular weight:

10044.4

General function:

Involved in negative regulation of cell proliferation

Specific function:

FABP are thought to play a role in the intracellular transport of long-chain fatty acids and their acyl-CoA esters

Gene Name:

FABP3

Uniprot ID:

P05413

Molecular weight:

14857.9

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

Converts lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) into phosphatidic acid by incorporating an acyl moiety at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone. Acts on LPA containing saturated or unsaturated fatty acids C15:0-C20:4 at the sn-1 position using C18:1-CoA as the acyl donor. Also acts on lysophosphatidylethanolamine using oleoyl-CoA, but not arachidonoyl-CoA, and lysophosphatidylinositol using arachidonoyl-CoA, but not oleoyl-CoA. Activity toward lysophosphatidylglycerol not detectable.

Gene Name:

AGPAT5

Uniprot ID:

Q9NUQ2

Molecular weight:

42071.835

General function:

Involved in catalytic activity

Specific function:

Acyl-CoA synthetase involved in bile acid metabolism. Proposed to catalyze the first step in the conjugation of C24 bile acids (choloneates) to glycine and taurine before excretion into bile canaliculi by activating them to their CoA thioesters. Seems to activate secondary bile acids entering the liver from the enterohepatic circulation. In vitro, also activates 3-alpha,7-alpha,12-alpha-trihydroxy-5-beta-cholestanate (THCA), the C27 precursor of cholic acid deriving from the de novo synthesis from cholesterol.

Gene Name:

SLC27A5

Uniprot ID:

Q9Y2P5

Molecular weight:

75384.375

General function:

Involved in acyltransferase activity

Specific function:

The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components: branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).

Gene Name:

DBT

Uniprot ID:

P11182

Molecular weight:

53486.635

General function:

Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups

Specific function:

Catalyzes the formation of diacylglycerol from 2-monoacylglycerol and fatty acyl-CoA. Has a preference toward monoacylglycerols containing unsaturated fatty acids in an order of C18:3 > C18:2 > C18:1 > C18:0. Plays a central role in absorption of dietary fat in the small intestine by catalyzing the resynthesis of triacylglycerol in enterocytes. May play a role in diet-induced obesity.

Gene Name:

MOGAT2

Uniprot ID:

Q3SYC2

Molecular weight:

38195.285