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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (HMDB04259)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2006-08-13 16:27:56
Update Date 2009-05-26 17:10:52
Accession Number HMDB04259
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine
Description Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine (AFMK) results from the oxidative cleavage of the pyrrole ring during melatonin oxidation by myeloperoxidase (MPO), a superoxide anion (O)-dependent reaction. AFMK is also expected to be formed from oxidation catalyzed by the unspecific enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), found in a variety of cell types including monocyte/macrophage lineages. MPO- and IDO-catalyzed melatonin oxidation has the requirement of O in common, a species formed in large amounts in inflammatory conditions. The non-enzymatic formation of AFMK can also be expected by its direct reaction with highly reactive oxygen species, such as hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen. Thus, we assume that AFMK is a product formed in a route of melatonin metabolism, especially active in inflammation. As AFMK is biologically more active on leukocytes than melatonin, the metabolizing of melatonin to AFMK at inflammatory sites possibly plays a role in immunomodulation. AFMK is found in the CSF of patients with meningitis, and in some samples at a remarkably high concentration, with AFMK found in some patients exceeding the concentration of melatonin normally found in serum. (PMID: 16150112)
Synonyms
  1. N-Acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynurenamine
  2. AFMK
  3. Formyl-N-acetyl-5-methoxykynurenamine
  4. N-[3-(2-formamido-5-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propyl]acetamide
Chemical IUPAC Name N-[3-(2-formamido-5-methoxy-phenyl)-3-oxo-propyl]acetamide
Chemical Formula C13H16N2O4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
Class
  • Amino Ketones
Sub Class
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • ketone
  • alkyl aryl ether
  • secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • aromatic compound
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 264.277
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 264.110992
Isomeric SMILES COC1=CC(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C(NC=O)C=C1
Canonical SMILES COC1=CC(C(=O)CCNC(C)=O)=C(NC=O)C=C1
KEGG Compound ID C05642 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46183 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB04259 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB04259 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 171161 Link Image
PubChem Substance 7953 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number 52450-38-1
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C13H16N2O4/c1-9(17)14-6-5-13(18)11-7-10(19-2)3-4-12(11)15-8-16/h3-4,7-8H,5-6H2,1-2H3,(H,14,17)(H,15,16)
Synthesis Reference de Almeida Eduardo A; Martinez Glaucia R; Klitzke Clecio F; de Medeiros Marisa H G; Di Mascio Paolo Oxidation of melatonin by singlet molecular oxygen (O2(1deltag)) produces N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynurenine. Journal of pineal research (2003), 35(2), 131-7.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.169 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity -0.158 Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 0.50 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 0.6 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
  • Cerebrospinal Fluid
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 0.000065 (0.000059-0.00189) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Both
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Harthe C, Claudy D, Dechaud H, Vivien-Roels B, Pevet P, Claustrat B: Radioimmunoassay of N-acetyl-N-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK): a melatonin oxidative metabolite. Life Sci. 2003 Aug 8;73(12):1587-97. [PubMed Link Image]
Biofluid CSF
Value 0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Concentrations (Abnormal)
Biofluid CSF
Value 0.28 (0.06-0.50) uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex N/A
Condition Meningitis
Comments Viral
References
  • Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Associated Disorders
Condition References
Meningitis
  • Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6. [PubMed Link Image]
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Tryptophan Metabolism SMP00063 Link Image map00380 Link Image
General References
  1. Silva SO, Ximenes VF, Livramento JA, Catalani LH, Campa A: High concentrations of the melatonin metabolite, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine, in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with meningitis: a possible immunomodulatory mechanism. J Pineal Res. 2005 Oct;39(3):302-6. [PubMed Link Image]
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 13115
Enzyme 1 Name Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. IDO-2
  2. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1
  3. Indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein 1
Enzyme 1 Gene Name IDO2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 2
MEPHRPNVKTAVPLSLESYHISEEYGFLLPDSLKELPDHYRPWMEIANKLPQLIDAHQLQ
AHVDKMPLLSCQFLKGHREQRLAHLVLSFLTMGYVWQEGEAQPAEVLPRNLALPFVEVSR
NLGLPPILVHSDLVLTNWTKKDPDGFLEIGNLETIISFPGGESLHGFILVTALVEKEAVP
GIKALVQATNAILQPNQEALLQALQRLRLSIQDITKTLGQMHDYVDPDIFYAGIRIFLSG
WKDNPAMPAGLMYEGVSQEPLKYSGGSAAQSTVLHAFDEFLGIRHSKESGDFLYRMRDYM
PPSHKAFIEDIHSAPSLRDYILSSGQDHLLTAYNQCVQALAELRSYHITMVTKYLITAAA
KAKHGKPNHLPGPPQALKDRGTGGTAVMSFLKSVRDKTLESILHPRG
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 407
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 45423.9
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.84
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • cation binding
  • heme binding
  • ion binding
  • iron ion binding
  • metal ion binding
  • transition metal ion binding
Process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in heme binding
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan catabolism
Enzyme 1 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 1 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 145204985 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6ZQW0 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name I23O2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1224 bp
ATGGAGCCCCACAGACCGAATGTGAAGACAGCAGTGCCATTGTCTTTGGAAAGCTATCAC
ATATCTGAAGAGTATGGCTTTCTTCTTCCAGATTCTCTGAAAGAACTTCCAGATCATTAT
AGGCCTTGGATGGAAATTGCCAACAAACTTCCTCAATTGATTGATGCTCACCAGCTTCAA
GCTCATGTGGACAAGATGCCCCTGCTGAGCTGCCAGTTCCTGAAGGGTCACCGGGAGCAG
CGCCTGGCCCACCTGGTCCTGAGCTTCCTCACCATGGGTTATGTCTGGCAGGAAGGAGAG
GCGCAGCCTGCAGAGGTCCTGCCAAGGAATCTTGCCCTTCCATTTGTCGAAGTCTCCAGG
AACTTGGGGCTCCCTCCTATCCTGGTCCACTCAGACTTGGTGCTGACGAACTGGACCAAA
AAAGATCCAGACGGATTCCTGGAAATTGGGAACCTGGAGACCATCATCTCATTTCCTGGG
GGAGAGAGCCTGCATGGTTTTATACTGGTGACTGCTTTGGTAGAGAAAGAAGCAGTGCCT
GGGATAAAGGCTCTTGTTCAGGCCACGAATGCTATCTTGCAGCCCAACCAGGAGGCCCTG
CTCCAAGCCCTGCAGCGACTGAGACTGTCTATTCAGGACATCACCAAAACCTTAGGACAG
ATGCATGATTATGTAGATCCAGACATATTTTATGCAGGCATCCGGATCTTTCTCTCTGGA
TGGAAAGACAACCCAGCAATGCCTGCAGGGCTGATGTATGAAGGAGTTTCCCAAGAGCCC
CTGAAATACTCCGGCGGGAGTGCAGCTCAGAGCACAGTGCTTCATGCCTTTGATGAGTTC
TTAGGCATTCGTCATAGCAAGGAAAGTGGTGACTTTCTGTACAGAATGAGGGATTACATG
CCTCCTTCCCATAAGGCCTTCATAGAAGACATCCACTCAGCACCTTCCCTGAGGGACTAC
ATCCTGTCCTCTGGACAGGACCACTTGCTGACAGCTTATAACCAGTGTGTGCAGGCCCTG
GCAGAGCTGCGGAGCTATCACATCACCATGGTCACCAAATACCTCATCACAGCTGCAGCC
AAGGCAAAGCATGGGAAGCCAAACCATCTCCCAGGGCCTCCTCAGGCTTTAAAAGACAGG
GGCACAGGTGGAACCGCAGTTATGAGCTTTCTTAAGAGTGTCAGGGATAAGACCTTGGAG
TCAATCCTTCACCCACGTGGTTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID EF052681 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID IDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID IDO2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:27269 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 8
Enzyme 1 Locus 8p11.21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Ball HJ, Sanchez-Perez A, Weiser S, Austin CJ, Astelbauer F, Miu J, McQuillan JA, Stocker R, Jermiin LS, Hunt NH: Characterization of an indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-like protein found in humans and mice. Gene. 2007 Jul 1;396(1):203-13. Epub 2007 Apr 18. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Nusbaum C, Mikkelsen TS, Zody MC, Asakawa S, Taudien S, Garber M, Kodira CD, Schueler MG, Shimizu A, Whittaker CA, Chang JL, Cuomo CA, Dewar K, FitzGerald MG, Yang X, Allen NR, Anderson S, Asakawa T, Blechschmidt K, Bloom T, Borowsky ML, Butler J, Cook A, Corum B, DeArellano K, DeCaprio D, Dooley KT, Dorris L 3rd, Engels R, Glockner G, Hafez N, Hagopian DS, Hall JL, Ishikawa SK, Jaffe DB, Kamat A, Kudoh J, Lehmann R, Lokitsang T, Macdonald P, Major JE, Matthews CD, Mauceli E, Menzel U, Mihalev AH, Minoshima S, Murayama Y, Naylor JW, Nicol R, Nguyen C, O'Leary SB, O'Neill K, Parker SC, Polley A, Raymond CK, Reichwald K, Rodriguez J, Sasaki T, Schilhabel M, Siddiqui R, Smith CL, Sneddon TP, Talamas JA, Tenzin P, Topham K, Venkataraman V, Wen G, Yamazaki S, Young SK, Zeng Q, Zimmer AR, Rosenthal A, Birren BW, Platzer M, Shimizu N, Lander ES: DNA sequence and analysis of human chromosome 8. Nature. 2006 Jan 19;439(7074):331-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Metz R, Duhadaway JB, Kamasani U, Laury-Kleintop L, Muller AJ, Prendergast GC: Novel tryptophan catabolic enzyme IDO2 is the preferred biochemical target of the antitumor indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase inhibitory compound D-1-methyl-tryptophan. Cancer Res. 2007 Aug 1;67(15):7082-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available