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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for 11-cis-Retinol (HMDB06216)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2007-05-22 18:49:55
Update Date 2009-05-05 21:00:43
Accession Number HMDB06216
Secondary Accession Numbers HMDB03439
Common Name 11-cis-Retinol
Description Cis-11-retinol is produce from vitamin A cycle driven by interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein(IRBP). cis-11-retinol is released from retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) membranes. (PMID: 10655150) Retinoid metabolism of RPE cells freshly isolated by trypsinization showed no 11- cis -retinal and little 11- cis -retinol formation. Nondamaged cells cultured on thermally responsive surfaces detached in sheets upon temperature change. They showed metabolism similar to that of cells freshly isolated by nonenzymatic means. After trypsinization, confluent cultures dissociated into individual cells, but these cells showed poor retinoid metabolism, including no detectable retinyl esters or 11- cis -retinoid isomers. (PMID: 10375454)
Synonyms
  1. cis-11-Retinol
  2. 11-cis-Vitamin A alcohol
Chemical IUPAC Name (2E,4Z,6E,8E)-3,7-dimethyl-9-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexenyl)nona-2,4,6,8-tetraen-1-ol
Chemical Formula C20H30O
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Miscellaneous
Class
  • Retinoids
Sub Class
  • Retinoids
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary alcohol
  • alkene
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 286.452
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 286.229675
Isomeric SMILES CC(/C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=CCO
Canonical SMILES CC(C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C)=CCO
KEGG Compound ID C00899 Link Image
BioCyc ID CPD-882 Link Image
BiGG ID 2265508 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB06216 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB06216 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 5280382 Link Image
PubChem Substance 8616248 Link Image
ChEBI ID 16302 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 22737-96-8
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C20H30O/c1-16(8-6-9-17(2)13-15-21)11-12-19-18(3)10-7-14-20(19,4)5/h6,8-9,11-13,21H,7,10,14-15H2,1-5H3/b9-6-,12-11+,16-8+,17-13+
Synthesis Reference Brown, Paul K.; Wald, George. The neo-b isomer of vitamin A and retinine. Journal of Biological Chemistry (1956), 222 865-77.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 7.58e-03 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 6.38 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 4.1 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Retinol Metabolism SMP00074 Link Image map00830 Link Image
General References Not Available
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase
  2. Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1
  3. Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
  4. cDNA FLJ75813, highly similar to Homo sapiens lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase) (LRAT), mRNA (Lecithin retinol acyltransferase) (Phosphatidylcholine-- retinol O-acyltransferase)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5742
Enzyme 1 Name 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. 11-cis RDH
Enzyme 1 Gene Name RDH5
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >11-cis retinol dehydrogenase
MWLPLLLGALLWAVLWLLRDRQSLPASNAFVFITGCDSGFGRLLALQLDQRGFRVLASCL
TPSGAEDLQRVASSRLHTTLLDITDPQSVQQAAKWVEMHVKEAGLFGLVNNAGVAGIIGP
TPWLTRDDFQRVLNVNTMGPIGVTLALLPLLQQARGRVINITSVLGRLAANGGGYCVSKF
GLEAFSDSLRRDVAHFGIRVSIVEPGFFRTPVTNLESLEKTLQACWARLPPATQAHYGGA
FLTKYLKMQQRIMNLICDPDLTKVSRCLEHALTARHPRTRYSPGWDAKLLWLPASYLPAS
LVDAVLTWVLPKPAQAVY
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 318
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 34978.4
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 9.70
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
Process
  • metabolic process
  • oxidation reduction
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Stereospecific 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the final step in the biosynthesis of 11-cis retinaldehyde, the universal chromophore of visual pigments. Active in the presence of NAD as cofactor but not in the presence of NADP
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • retinol + NAD+ = retinal + NADH + H+ [RN:R02124]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q92781 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name RDH1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >957 bp
ATGTGGCTGCCTCTTCTGCTGGGTGCCTTACTCTGGGCAGTGCTGTGGTTGCTCAGGGAC
CGGCAGAGCCTGCCCGCCAGCAATGCCTTTGTCTTCATCACCGGCTGTGACTCAGGCTTT
GGGCGCCTTCTGGCACTGCAGCTGGACCAGAGAGGCTTCCGAGTCCTGGCCAGCTGCCTG
ACCCCCTCCGGGGCCGAGGACCTGCAGCGGGTGGCCTCCTCCCGCCTCCACACCACCCTG
TTGGATATCACTGATCCCCAGAGCGTCCAGCAGGCAGCCAAGTGGGTGGAGATGCACGTT
AAGGAAGCAGGGCTTTTTGGTCTGGTGAATAATGCTGGTGTGGCTGGTATCATCGGACCC
ACACCATGGCTGACCCGGGACGATTTCCAGCGGGTGCTGAATGTGAACACAATGGGTCCC
ATCGGGGTCACCCTTGCCCTGCTGCCTCTGCTGCAGCAAGCCCGGGGCCGGGTGATCAAC
ATCACCAGCGTCCTGGGTCGCCTGGCAGCCAATGGTGGGGGCTACTGTGTCTCCAAATTT
GGCCTGGAGGCCTTCTCTGACAGCCTGAGGCGGGATGTAGCTCATTTTGGGATACGAGTC
TCCATCGTGGAGCCTGGCTTCTTCCGAACCCCTGTGACCAACCTGGAGAGTCTGGAGAAA
ACCCTGCAGGCCTGCTGGGCACGGCTGCCTCCTGCCACACAGGCCCACTATGGGGGGGCC
TTCCTCACCAAGTACCTGAAAATGCAACAGCGCATCATGAACCTGATCTGTGACCCGGAC
CTAACCAAGGTGAGCCGATGCCTGGAGCATGCCCTGACTGCTCGACACCCCCGAACCCGC
TACAGCCCAGGTTGGGATGCCAAGCTGCTCTGGCTGCCTGCCTCCTACCTGCCAGCCAGC
CTGGTGGATGCTGTGCTCACCTGGGTCCTTCCCAAGCCTGCCCAAGCAGTCTACTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID U43559 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID RDH5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID RDH5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:9940 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 12q13-q14
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Simon A, Lagercrantz J, Bajalica-Lagercrantz S, Eriksson U: Primary structure of human 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase and organization and chromosomal localization of the corresponding gene. Genomics. 1996 Sep 15;36(3):424-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gonzalez-Fernandez F, Kurz D, Bao Y, Newman S, Conway BP, Young JE, Han DP, Khani SC: 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase mutations as a major cause of the congenital night-blindness disorder known as fundus albipunctatus. Mol Vis. 1999 Dec 30;5:41. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Yamamoto H, Simon A, Eriksson U, Harris E, Berson EL, Dryja TP: Mutations in the gene encoding 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase cause delayed dark adaptation and fundus albipunctatus. Nat Genet. 1999 Jun;22(2):188-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kuroiwa S, Kikuchi T, Yoshimura N: A novel compound heterozygous mutation in the RDH5 gene in a patient with fundus albipunctatus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000 Nov;130(5):672-5. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Nakamura M, Hotta Y, Tanikawa A, Terasaki H, Miyake Y: A high association with cone dystrophy in Fundus albipunctatus caused by mutations of the RDH5 gene. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Nov;41(12):3925-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Driessen CA, Janssen BP, Winkens HJ, Kuhlmann LD, Van Vugt AH, Pinckers AJ, Deutman AF, Janssen JJ: Null mutation in the human 11-cis retinol dehydrogenase gene associated with fundus albipunctatus. Ophthalmology. 2001 Aug;108(8):1479-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Hotta K, Nakamura M, Kondo M, Ito S, Terasaki H, Miyake Y, Hida T: Macular dystrophy in a Japanese family with fundus albipunctatus. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Jun;135(6):917-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Yamamoto H, Yakushijin K, Kusuhara S, Escano MF, Nagai A, Negi A: A novel RDH5 gene mutation in a patient with fundus albipunctatus presenting with macular atrophy and fading white dots. Am J Ophthalmol. 2003 Sep;136(3):572-4. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 12897
Enzyme 2 Name Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 3
  2. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2
  3. Long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase 1
Enzyme 2 Gene Name AWAT1
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 1
MAHSKQPSHFQSLMLLQWPLSYLAIFWILQPLFVYLLFTSLWPLPVLYFAWLFLDWKTPE
RGGRRSAWVRNWCVWTHIRDYFPITILKTKDLSPEHNYLMGVHPHGLLTFGAFCNFCTEA
TGFSKTFPGITPHLATLSWFFKIPFVREYLMAKGVCSVSQPAINYLLSHGTGNLVGIVVG
GVGEALQSVPNTTTLILQKRKGFVRTALQHGAHLVPTFTFGETEVYDQVLFHKDSRMYKF
QSCFRRIFGFYCCVFYGQSFCQGSTGLLPYSRPIVTVVGEPLPLPQIEKPSQEMVDKYHA
LYMDALHKLFDQHKTHYGCSETQKLFFL
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 328
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 37758.8
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 9.02
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Acyltransferase that predominantly esterify long chain (wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids to produce wax esters. Wax esters are enriched in sebum, suggesting that it plays a central role in lipid metabolism in skin. Has a preference for arachidyl alcohol as well as decyl alcohol, demonstrating its relatively poor activity using saturated long chain alcohols (C16, C18, and C20)
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + a long-chain alcohol = CoA + a long-chain ester [RN:R01999]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 12-32 34-53
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 123227401 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q58HT5 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AWAT1_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >987 bp
ATGGCTCATTCCAAGCAGCCTAGTCACTTCCAGAGTCTGATGCTTCTGCAGTGGCCTTTG
AGCTACCTTGCCATCTTTTGGATCTTGCAGCCATTGTTCGTCTACCTGCTGTTTACATCC
TTGTGGCCGCTACCAGTGCTTTACTTTGCCTGGTTGTTCCTGGACTGGAAGACCCCAGAG
CGAGGTGGCAGGCGTTCGGCCTGGGTAAGGAACTGGTGTGTCTGGACCCACATCAGGGAC
TATTTCCCCATTACGATCCTGAAGACAAAGGACCTATCACCTGAGCACAACTACCTCATG
GGGGTTCACCCCCATGGCCTCCTGACCTTTGGCGCCTTCTGCAACTTCTGCACTGAGGCC
ACAGGCTTCTCGAAGACCTTCCCAGGCATCACTCCTCACTTGGCCACGCTGTCCTGGTTC
TTCAAGATCCCCTTTGTTAGGGAGTACCTCATGGCCAAAGGTGTGTGCTCTGTGAGCCAG
CCAGCCATCAACTATCTGCTGAGCCATGGCACTGGCAACCTCGTGGGCATTGTAGTGGGA
GGTGTGGGTGAGGCCCTGCAAAGTGTGCCCAACACCACCACCCTCATCCTCCAGAAGCGC
AAGGGGTTCGTGCGCACAGCCCTCCAGCATGGGGCTCATCTGGTCCCCACCTTCACTTTT
GGGGAAACTGAGGTGTATGATCAGGTGCTGTTCCATAAGGATAGCAGGATGTACAAGTTC
CAGAGCTGCTTCCGCCGTATCTTTGGTTTCTACTGTTGTGTCTTCTATGGACAAAGCTTC
TGTCAAGGCTCCACTGGGCTCCTGCCATACTCCAGGCCTATTGTCACTGTGGTTGGGGAG
CCTCTGCCACTGCCCCAAATTGAAAAGCCAAGCCAGGAGATGGTGGACAAATACCATGCA
CTTTATATGGATGCTCTGCACAAACTGTTCGACCAGCATAAGACCCACTATGGCTGCTCA
GAGACCCAAAAGCTGTTTTTCCTGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AL357752 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID AWAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID AWAT1 Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:23252 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Turkish AR, Henneberry AL, Cromley D, Padamsee M, Oelkers P, Bazzi H, Christiano AM, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: Identification of two novel human acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferases: members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) gene superfamily. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 15;280(15):14755-64. Epub 2005 Jan 25. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Winter A, van Eckeveld M, Bininda-Emonds OR, Habermann FA, Fries R: Genomic organization of the DGAT2/MOGAT gene family in cattle (Bos taurus) and other mammals. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2003;102(1-4):42-7. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 12898
Enzyme 3 Name Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2-like protein 4
  2. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase candidate 4
  3. hDC4
  4. Long-chain-alcohol O-fatty-acyltransferase 2
  5. Multifunctional O-acyltransferase
  6. Wax synthase
  7. hWS
Enzyme 3 Gene Name AWAT2
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferase 2
MLLPSKKDLKTALDVFAVFQWSFSALLITTTVIAVNLYLVVFTPYWPVTVLILTWLAFDW
KTPQRGGRRFTCVRHWRLWKHYSDYFPLKLLKTHDICPSRNYILVCHPHGLFAHGWFGHF
ATEASGFSKIFPGITPYILTLGAFFWMPFLREYVMSTGACSVSRSSIDFLLTHKGTGNMV
IVVIGGLAECRYSLPGSSTLVLKNRSGFVRMALQHGVPLIPAYAFGETDLYDQHIFTPGG
FVNRFQKWFQSMVHIYPCAFYGRGFTKNSWGLLPYSRPVTTIVGEPLPMPKIENPSQEIV
AKYHTLYIDALRKLFDQHKTKFGISETQELEII
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 333
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 38093.2
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 9.69
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Acyltransferase that predominantly esterify long chain (wax) alcohols with acyl-CoA-derived fatty acids to produce wax esters. Wax esters are enriched in sebum, suggesting that it plays a central role in lipid metabolism in skin. Has no activity using decyl alcohol and significantly prefers the C16 and C18 alcohols. May also have 2-acylglycerol O-acyltransferase (MGAT) and acyl- CoA:retinol acyltransferase (ARAT) activities, to catalyze the synthesis of diacylglycerols and retinyl esters; however this activity is unclear in vivo
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • acyl-CoA + a long-chain alcohol = CoA + a long-chain ester [RN:R01999]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • 15-35 38-58 130-150
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 49854214 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q6E213 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AWAT2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1002 bp
ATGCTCTTGCCCTCTAAGAAGGACCTCAAGACTGCCCTGGATGTCTTTGCTGTTTTCCAG
TGGTCCTTCAGTGCCTTGCTTATCACAACCACTGTGATTGCTGTCAACCTCTACCTGGTG
GTGTTCACACCATACTGGCCTGTCACTGTGCTTATTCTTACCTGGCTGGCTTTTGACTGG
AAGACCCCTCAGCGAGGCGGCCGCCGGTTTACCTGTGTGAGGCACTGGCGCCTGTGGAAA
CACTACAGCGATTATTTCCCTCTCAAGCTTCTGAAGACTCATGACATCTGCCCCAGCCGC
AACTACATCCTCGTCTGCCACCCTCATGGGCTCTTTGCCCATGGATGGTTTGGCCACTTT
GCCACAGAGGCCTCAGGCTTCTCCAAGATATTTCCTGGCATCACCCCTTACATACTCACA
CTGGGAGCCTTTTTCTGGATGCCTTTCCTCAGAGAATATGTAATGTCTACAGGGGCCTGC
TCTGTGAGTCGATCCTCCATTGACTTTCTGCTGACTCATAAAGGCACAGGCAACATGGTC
ATTGTGGTGATTGGTGGACTGGCTGAGTGCAGATACAGCCTGCCAGGTTCTTCTACCCTG
GTGTTGAAGAACCGGTCTGGCTTTGTGCGCATGGCCCTTCAGCATGGGGTGCCTCTAATA
CCTGCCTATGCCTTTGGGGAGACGGACCTCTATGATCAGCACATTTTCACTCCTGGTGGC
TTTGTCAACCGCTTCCAGAAGTGGTTCCAGAGCATGGTACACATCTACCCTTGTGCTTTC
TATGGACGTGGCTTCACCAAGAACTCCTGGGGCCTTCTGCCCTATAGTCGGCCTGTAACC
ACCATCGTCGGGGAGCCTCTACCAATGCCCAAGATTGAGAATCCAAGCCAGGAGATCGTG
GCTAAATATCACACACTCTATATTGATGCCCTACGTAAACTGTTTGACCAGCATAAGACC
AAGTTTGGTATCTCAGAGACCCAGGAGCTGGAGATAATTTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AY605053 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID AWAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID AWAT2 Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:23251 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Cheng JB, Russell DW: Mammalian wax biosynthesis. II. Expression cloning of wax synthase cDNAs encoding a member of the acyltransferase enzyme family. J Biol Chem. 2004 Sep 3;279(36):37798-807. Epub 2004 Jun 27. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Winter A, van Eckeveld M, Bininda-Emonds OR, Habermann FA, Fries R: Genomic organization of the DGAT2/MOGAT gene family in cattle (Bos taurus) and other mammals. Cytogenet Genome Res. 2003;102(1-4):42-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Turkish AR, Henneberry AL, Cromley D, Padamsee M, Oelkers P, Bazzi H, Christiano AM, Billheimer JT, Sturley SL: Identification of two novel human acyl-CoA wax alcohol acyltransferases: members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) gene superfamily. J Biol Chem. 2005 Apr 15;280(15):14755-64. Epub 2005 Jan 25. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Yen CL, Brown CH 4th, Monetti M, Farese RV Jr: A human skin multifunctional O-acyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of acylglycerols, waxes, and retinyl esters. J Lipid Res. 2005 Nov;46(11):2388-97. Epub 2005 Aug 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 15268
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA FLJ75813, highly similar to Homo sapiens lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase) (LRAT), mRNA (Lecithin retinol acyltransferase) (Phosphatidylcholine-- retinol O-acyltransferase)
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name LRAT
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA FLJ75813, highly similar to Homo sapiens lecithin retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine--retinol O-acyltransferase) (LRAT), mRNA (Lecithin retinol acyltransferase) (Phosphatidylcholine-- retinol O-acyltransferase)
MKNPMLEVVSLLLEKLLLISNFTLFSSGAAGEDKGRNSFYETSSFHRGDVLEVPRTHLTH
YGIYLGDNRVAHMMPDILLALTDDMGRTQKVVSNKRLILGVIVKVASIRVDTVEDFAYGA
NILVNHLDESLQKKALLNEEVARRAEKLLGFTPYSLLWNNCEHFVTYCRYGTPISPQSDK
FCETVKIIIRDQRSVLASAVLGLASIVCTGLVSYTTLPAIFIPFFLWMAG
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 230
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 25703
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 7.54
Enzyme 4 GO Classification Not Available
Enzyme 4 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein 158258633 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID A8K983 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name A8K983_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence >693 bp
ATGAAGAACCCCATGCTGGAGGTGGTGTCTTTACTACTGGAGAAGCTGCTCCTCATCTCC
AACTTCACGCTCTTTAGTTCGGGCGCCGCGGGCGAAGACAAAGGGAGGAACAGTTTTTAT
GAAACCAGCTCTTTCCACCGAGGCGACGTGCTGGAGGTGCCCCGGACCCACCTGACCCAC
TATGGCATCTACCTAGGAGACAACCGTGTTGCCCACATGATGCCCGACATCCTGTTGGCC
CTGACAGACGACATGGGGCGTACGCAGAAGGTGGTCTCCAACAAGCGTCTCATCCTGGGC
GTTATTGTCAAAGTGGCCAGCATCCGCGTGGACACAGTGGAGGACTTCGCCTACGGAGCT
AACATCCTGGTCAATCACCTGGACGAGTCCCTCCAGAAAAAGGCACTGCTCAACGAGGAG
GTGGCGCGGAGGGCTGAAAAGCTGCTGGGCTTTACCCCCTACAGCCTGCTGTGGAACAAC
TGCGAGCACTTCGTGACCTACTGCAGATATGGCACCCCGATCAGTCCCCAGTCCGACAAG
TTTTGTGAGACTGTGAAGATAATTATTCGTGATCAGAGAAGTGTTCTTGCTTCAGCAGTC
TTGGGATTGGCGTCTATAGTCTGTACGGGCTTGGTATCATACACTACCCTTCCTGCAATT
TTTATTCCATTCTTCCTATGGATGGCTGGCTAA
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK292598 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID A8K983 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available