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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Selenocystathionine (HMDB06343)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2007-05-23 02:13:43
Update Date 2009-05-05 21:00:50
Accession Number HMDB06343
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Selenocystathionine
Description Selenocystathionine is formed from Selenohomocysteine by the enzyme cystathionine beta-synthase (EC 4.2.1.22), as a by-product of cystathionine synthesis. Selenocystathionine is consumed in the diet, and is one of the main compounds present in plants that tend to hyperaccumulate selenium and use it as an elemental plant defense mechanism. (PMID: 10026151, 6456763, 16920881)
Synonyms
  1. Selenate
  2. 2-Amino-4-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)seleno)butanoic acid
  3. 2-amino-4-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)seleno)-Butanoic acid
  4. Selenic acid
  5. Selenocystathionine
  6. 2-Amino-4-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)seleno)butanoate
  7. 2-amino-4-((2-amino-2-carboxyethyl)seleno)-Butanoate
Chemical IUPAC Name 2-amino-4-(2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-oxopropyl)selanylbutanoic acid
Chemical Formula C7H14N2O4Se
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • alpha-aminoacid
Biofunction
  • Protein synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 269.157
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 270.011871
Isomeric SMILES NC(CC[Se]CC(N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES NC(CC[Se]CC(N)C(O)=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C05699 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID 46314 Link Image
Wikipedia Link Selenate Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB06343 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB06343 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 98223 Link Image
PubChem Substance 6697311 Link Image
ChEBI ID 18170 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 2196-58-9
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C7H14N2O4Se/c8-4(6(10)11)1-2-14-3-5(9)7(12)13/h4-5H,1-3,8-9H2,(H,10,11)(H,12,13)
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) 58 oC
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 86.8 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS]; 1000 mg/mL [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -3.99 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -3.18 [MEYLAN,WM & HOWARD,PH (1995)] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Selenoamino Acid Metabolism SMP00029 Link Image map00450 Link Image
General References
  1. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
  2. Cystathionine gamma-lyase
  3. Cystathionine beta-synthase
  4. cDNA, FLJ94281, Homo sapiens cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), mRNA (Cystathionine-beta-synthase, isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5589
Enzyme 1 Name Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. PAPS synthase 2
  2. PAPSS 2
  3. Sulfurylase kinase 2
  4. SK 2
  5. SK2
  6. Sulfate adenylyltransferase
  7. ATP-sulfurylase
  8. Sulfate adenylate transferase
  9. SAT
  10. Adenylyl-sulfate kinase
  11. 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate synthase
  12. APS kinase
  13. Adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate 3'-phosphotransferase
  14. Adenylylsulfate 3'-phosphotransferase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name PAPSS2
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Bifunctional 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthase 2
MSGIKKQKTENQQKSTNVVYQAHHVSRNKRGQVVGTRGGFRGCTVWLTGLSGAGKTTISF
ALEEYLVSHAIPCYSLDGDNVRHGLNRNLGFSPGDREENIRRIAEVAKLFADAGLVCITS
FISPFAKDRENARKIHESAGLPFFEIFVDAPLNICESRDVKGLYKRARAGEIKGFTGIDS
DYEKPETPERVLKTNLSTVSDCVHQVVELLQEQNIVPYTIIKDIHELFVPENKLDHVRAE
AETLPSLSITKLDLQWVQVLSEGWATPLKGFMREKEYLQVMHFDTLLDDGVINMSIPIVL
PVSAEDKTRLEGCSKFVLAHGGRRVAILRDAEFYEHRKEERCSRVWGTTCTKHPHIKMVM
ESGDWLVGGDLQVLEKIRWNDGLDQYRLTPLELKQKCKEMNADAVFAFQLRNPVHNGHAL
LMQDTRRRLLERGYKHPVLLLHPLGGWTKDDDVPLDWRMKQHAAVLEEGVLDPKSTIVAI
FPSPMLYAGPTEVQWHCRSRMIAGANFYIVGRDPAGMPHPETKKDLYEPTHGGKVLSMAP
GLTSVEIIPFRVAAYNKAKKAMDFYDPARHNEFDFISGTRMRKLAREGENPPDGFMAPKA
WKVLTDYYRSLEKN
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 614
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 69500.2
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.13
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • ATP binding
  • adenyl nucleotide binding
  • adenyl ribonucleotide binding
  • adenylyltransferase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • kinase activity
  • nucleoside binding
  • nucleotidyltransferase activity
  • purine nucleoside binding
  • sulfate adenylyltransferase (ATP) activity
  • sulfate adenylyltransferase activity
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups
Process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • sulfate assimilation
  • sulfur metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in ATP binding
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Bifunctional enzyme with both ATP sulfurylase and APS kinase activity, which mediates two steps in the sulfate activation pathway. The first step is the transfer of a sulfate group to ATP to yield adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate (APS), and the second step is the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to APS yielding 3'-phosphoadenylylsulfate (PAPS:activated sulfate donor used by sulfotransferase). In mammals, PAPS is the sole source of sulfate; APS appears to be only an intermediate in the sulfate- activation pathway. May have a important role in skeletogenesis during postnatal growth
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • ATP + sulfate = diphosphate + adenylyl sulfate [RN:R00529]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 5052075 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID O95340 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name PAPS2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1845 bp
ATGTCGGGGATCAAGAAGCAAAAGACGGAGAACCAGCAGAAATCCACCAATGTAGTCTAT
CAGGCCCACCATGTGAGCAGGAATAAGAGAGGGCAAGTGGTTGGAACAAGGGGTGGGTTC
CGAGGATGTACCGTGTGGCTAACAGGTCTCTCTGGTGCTGGAAAAACAACGATAAGTTTT
GCCCTGGAGGAGTACCTTGTCTCCCATGCCATCCCTTGTTACTCCCTGGATGGGGACAAT
GTCCGTCATGGCCTTAACAGAAATCTCGGATTCTCTCCTGGGGACAGAGAGGAAAATATC
CGCCGGATTGCTGAGGTGGCTAAGCTGTTTGCTGATGCTGGTCTGGTCTGCATTACCAGC
TTTATTTCTCCATTCGCAAAGGATCGTGAGAATGCCCGCAAAATACATGAATCAGCAGGG
CTGCCATTCTTTGAAATATTTGTAGATGCACCTCTAAATATTTGTGAAAGCAGAGACGTA
AAAGGCCTCTATAAAAAGGCCAGAGCTGGGGAGATTAAAGGATTTACAGGTATTGATTCT
GATTATGAGAAACCTGAAACTCCTGAGCGTGTGCTTAAAACCAATTTGTCCACAGTGAGT
GACTGTGTCCACCAGGTAGTGGAACTTCTGCAAGAGCAGAACATTGTACCCTATACTATA
ATCAAAGATATCCACGAACTCTTTGTGCCGGAAAACAAACTTGACCACGTCCGAGCTGAG
GCTGAAACTCTCCCTTCATTATCAATTACTAAGCTGGATCTCCAGTGGGTCCAGGTTTTG
AGCGAAGGCTGGGCCACTCCCCTCAAAGGTTTCATGCGGGAGAAGGAGTACTTACAGGTT
ATGCACTTTGACACCCTGCTAGATGATGGCGTGATCAACATGAGCATCCCCATTGTACTG
CCCGTCTCTGCAGAGGATAAGACACGGCTGGAAGGGTGCAGCAAGTTTGTCCTGGCACAT
GGTGGACGGAGGGTAGCTATCTTACGAGACGCTGAATTCTATGAACACAGAAAAGAGGAA
CGCTGTTCCCGTGTTTGGGGGACAACATGTACAAAACACCCCCATATCAAAATGGTGATG
GAAAGTGGGGACTGGCTGGTTGGTGGAGACCTTCAGGTGCTGGAGAAAATAAGATGGAAT
GATGGGCTGGACCAATACCGTCTGACACCTCTGGAGCTCAAACAGAAATGTAAAGAAATG
AATGCTGATGCGGTGTTTGCATTCCAGTTGCGCAATCCTGTCCACAATGGCCATGCCCTG
TTGATGCAGGACACTCGCCGCAGGCTCCTAGAGAGGGGCTACAAGCACCCGGTCCTCCTA
CTACACCCTCTGGGCGGCTGGACCAAGGATGACGATGTGCCTCTAGACTGGCGGATGAAG
CAGCACGCGGCTGTGCTCGAGGAAGGGGTCCTGGATCCCAAGTCAACCATTGTTGCCATC
TTTCCGTCTCCCATGTTATATGCTGGCCCCACAGAGGTCCAGTGGCACTGCAGGTCCCGG
ATGATTGCGGGTGCCAATTTCTACATTGTGGGGAGGGACCCTGCAGGAATGCCCCATCCT
GAAACCAAGAAGGATCTGTATGAACCCACTCATGGGGGCAAGGTCTTGAGCATGGCCCCT
GGCCTCACCTCTGTGGAAATCATTCCATTCCGAGTGGCTGCCTACAACAAAGCCAAAAAA
GCCATGGACTTCTATGATCTAGCAAGGCACAATGAGTTTGACTTCATCTCAGGAACTCGA
ATGAGGAAGCTCGCCCGGGAAGGAGAGAATCCCCCAGATGGCTTCATGGCCCCCAAAGCA
TGGAAGGTCCTGACAGATTATTACAGGTCCCTGGAGAAGAACTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AF074331 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID PAPSS2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID PAPSS2 Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:8604 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 1 Locus 10q24
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. ul Haque MF, King LM, Krakow D, Cantor RM, Rusiniak ME, Swank RT, Superti-Furga A, Haque S, Abbas H, Ahmad W, Ahmad M, Cohn DH: Mutations in orthologous genes in human spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia and the brachymorphic mouse. Nat Genet. 1998 Oct;20(2):157-62. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Xu ZH, Otterness DM, Freimuth RR, Carlini EJ, Wood TC, Mitchell S, Moon E, Kim UJ, Xu JP, Siciliano MJ, Weinshilboum RM: Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 1 (PAPSS1) and PAPSS2: gene cloning, characterization and chromosomal localization. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2000 Feb 16;268(2):437-44. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kurima K, Singh B, Schwartz NB: Genomic organization of the mouse and human genes encoding the ATP sulfurylase/adenosine 5'-phosphosulfate kinase isoform SK2. J Biol Chem. 1999 Nov 19;274(47):33306-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ahmad M, Haque MF, Ahmad W, Abbas H, Haque S, Krakow D, Rimoin DL, Lachman RS, Cohn DH: Distinct, autosomal recessive form of spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia segregating in an inbred Pakistani kindred. Am J Med Genet. 1998 Aug 6;78(5):468-73. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Noordam C, Dhir V, McNelis JC, Schlereth F, Hanley NA, Krone N, Smeitink JA, Smeets R, Sweep FC, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL, Arlt W: Inactivating PAPSS2 mutations in a patient with premature pubarche. N Engl J Med. 2009 May 28;360(22):2310-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Xu ZH, Freimuth RR, Eckloff B, Wieben E, Weinshilboum RM: Human 3'-phosphoadenosine 5'-phosphosulfate synthetase 2 (PAPSS2) pharmacogenetics: gene resequencing, genetic polymorphisms and functional characterization of variant allozymes. Pharmacogenetics. 2002 Jan;12(1):11-21. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5789
Enzyme 2 Name Cystathionine gamma-lyase
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Gamma-cystathionase
Enzyme 2 Gene Name CTH
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Cystathionine gamma-lyase
MQEKDASSQGFLPHFQHFATQAIHVGQDPEQWTSRAVVPPISLSTTFKQGAPGQHSGFEY
SRSGNPTRNCLEKAVAALDGAKYCLAFASGLAATVTITHLLKAGDQIICMDDVYGGTNRY
FRQVASEFGLKISFVDCSKIKLLEAAITPETKLVWIETPTNPTQKVIDIEGCAHIVHKHG
DIILVVDNTFMSPYFQRPLALGADISMYSATKYMNGHSDVVMGLVSVNCESLHNRLRFLQ
NSLGAVPSPIDCYLCNRGLKTLHVRMEKHFKNGMAVAQFLESNPWVEKVIYPGLPSHPQH
ELVKRQCTGCTGMVTFYIKGTLQHAEIFLKNLKLFTLAESLGGFESLAELPAIMTHASVL
KNDRDVLGISDTLIRLSVGLEDEEDLLEDLDQALKAAHPPSGSHS
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 405
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 44507.6
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 6.69
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in pyridoxal phosphate binding
Enzyme 2 Specific Function Catalyzes the last step in the transsulfuration pathway from methionine to cysteine. Has broad substrate specificity. Converts cystathionine to cysteine, ammonia and 2-oxobutanoate. Converts two cysteine molecules to lanthionine and hydrogen sulfide. Can also accept homocysteine as substrate. Specificity depends on the levels of the endogenous substrates. Generates the endogenous signaling molecule hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and so contributes to the regulation of blood pressure
Enzyme 2 Pathways
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • (1) L-cystathionine + H2O = L-cysteine + NH3 + 2-oxobutanoate (overall reaction) [RN:R01001]
  • (2) (1a) L-cystathionine = L-cysteine + 2-ammoniobut-2-enoate [RN:R08632]
  • (3) (1b) 2-ammoniobut-2-enoate + H2O = 2-oxobutanoate + NH3 (spontaneous) [RN:R08637]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 62898313 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P32929 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CGL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1218 bp
ATGCAGGAAAAAGACGCCTCCTCACAAGGTTTCCTGCCACACTTCCAACATTTCGCCACG
CAGGCGATCCATGTGGGCCAGGATCCAGAGCAATGGACCTCCAGGGCTGTAGTGCCCCCC
ATCTCACTGTCCACCACGTTCAAGCAAGGGGCGCCTGGCCAGCACTCGGGTTTTGAATAT
AGCCGTTCTGGAAATCCCACTAGGAATTGCCTTGAAAAAGCAGTGGCAGCACTGGATGGG
GCTAAGTACTGTTTGGCCTTTGCTTCAGGTTTAGCAGCCACTGTAACTATTACCCATCTT
TTAAAAGCAGGAGACCAAATTATTTGTATGGATGATGTGTATGGAGGTACAAACAGGTAC
TTCAGGCAAGTGGCATCTGAATTTGGATTAAAGATTTCTTTTGTTGATTGTTCCAAAATC
AAATTACTAGAGGCAGCAATTACACCAGAAACCAAGCTTGTTTGGATCGAAACCCCCACA
AACCCCACCCAGAAGGTGATTGACATTGAAGGCTGTGCACATATTGTCCATAAGCATGGA
GACATTATTTTGGTCGTGGATAACACTTTTATGTCACCATATTTCCAGCGCCCTTTGGCT
CTGGGAGCTGATATTTCTATGTATTCTGCAACAAAATACATGAATGGCCACAGTGATGTT
GTAATGGGCCTGGTGTCTGTTAATTGTGAAAGCCTTCATAATAGACTTCGTTTCTTGCAA
AACTCTCTTGGAGCAGTTCCATCTCCTATTGATTGTTACCTCTGCAATCGAGGTCTGAAG
ACTCTACATGTCCGAATGGAAAAGCATTTCAAAAACGGAATGGCAGTTGCCCAGTTCCTG
GAATCTAATCCTTGGGTAGAAAAGGTTATTTATCCTGGGCTGCCCTCTCATCCACAGCAT
GAGTTGGTGAAGCGTCAGTGTACAGGTTGTACAGGGATGGTCACCTTTTATATTAAGGGC
ACTCTTCAGCATGCTGAGATTTTCCTCAAGAACCTAAAGCTATTTACTCTGGCCGAGAGC
TTGGGAGGATTCGAAAGCCTTGCTGAGCTTCCGGCAATCATGACTCATGCATCAGTTCTT
AAGAATGACAGAGATGTCCTTGGAATTAGTGACACACTGATTCGACTTTCTGTGGGCTTA
GAGGATGAGGAAGACCTACTGGAAGATCTAGATCAAGCTTTGAAGGCAGCACACCCTCCA
AGTGGAATTCACAGCTAG
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AK223376 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID CTH Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID CTH Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:2501 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 1p31.1
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Lu Y, O'Dowd BF, Orrego H, Israel Y: Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human liver cDNA encoding for cystathionine gamma-lyase. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1992 Dec 15;189(2):749-58. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Steegborn C, Clausen T, Sondermann P, Jacob U, Worbs M, Marinkovic S, Huber R, Wahl MC: Kinetics and inhibition of recombinant human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Toward the rational control of transsulfuration. J Biol Chem. 1999 Apr 30;274(18):12675-84. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Matsuoka S, Ballif BA, Smogorzewska A, McDonald ER 3rd, Hurov KE, Luo J, Bakalarski CE, Zhao Z, Solimini N, Lerenthal Y, Shiloh Y, Gygi SP, Elledge SJ: ATM and ATR substrate analysis reveals extensive protein networks responsive to DNA damage. Science. 2007 May 25;316(5828):1160-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Chiku T, Padovani D, Zhu W, Singh S, Vitvitsky V, Banerjee R: H2S biogenesis by human cystathionine gamma-lyase leads to the novel sulfur metabolites lanthionine and homolanthionine and is responsive to the grade of hyperhomocysteinemia. J Biol Chem. 2009 Apr 24;284(17):11601-12. Epub 2009 Mar 4. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Sun Q, Collins R, Huang S, Holmberg-Schiavone L, Anand GS, Tan CH, van-den-Berg S, Deng LW, Moore PK, Karlberg T, Sivaraman J: Structural basis for the inhibition mechanism of human cystathionine gamma-lyase, an enzyme responsible for the production of H(2)S. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 30;284(5):3076-85. Epub 2008 Nov 19. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Wang J, Hegele RA: Genomic basis of cystathioninuria (MIM 219500) revealed by multiple mutations in cystathionine gamma-lyase (CTH). Hum Genet. 2003 Apr;112(4):404-8. Epub 2003 Feb 6. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Zhu W, Lin A, Banerjee R: Kinetic properties of polymorphic variants and pathogenic mutants in human cystathionine gamma-lyase. Biochemistry. 2008 Jun 10;47(23):6226-32. Epub 2008 May 14. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 6059
Enzyme 3 Name Cystathionine beta-synthase
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Beta-thionase
  2. Serine sulfhydrase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name CBS
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Cystathionine beta-synthase
MPSETPQAEVGPTGCPHRSGPHSAKGSLEKGSPEDKEAKEPLWIRPDAPSRCTWQLGRPA
SESPHHHTAPAKSPKILPDILKKIGDTPMVRINKIGKKFGLKCELLAKCEFFNAGGSVKD
RISLRMIEDAERDGTLKPGDTIIEPTSGNTGIGLALAAAVRGYRCIIVMPEKMSSEKVDV
LRALGAEIVRTPTNARFDSPESHVGVAWRLKNEIPNSHILDQYRNASNPLAHYDTTADEI
LQQCDGKLDMLVASVGTGGTITGIARKLKEKCPGCRIIGVDPEGSILAEPEELNQTEQTT
YEVEGIGYDFIPTVLDRTVVDKWFKSNDEEAFTFARMLIAQEGLLCGGSAGSTVAVAVKA
AQELQEGQRCVVILPDSVRNYMTKFLSDRWMLQKGFLKEEDLTEKKPWWWHLRVQELGLS
APLTVLPTITCGHTIEILREKGFDQAPVVDEAGVILGMVTLGNMLSSLLAGKVQPSDQVG
KVIYKQFKQIRLTDTLGRLSHILEMDHFALVVHEQIQYHSTGKSSQRQMVFGVVTAIDLL
NFVAAQERDQK
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 551
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 60586.0
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 6.63
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • carbon-oxygen lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • cystathionine beta-synthase activity
  • hydro-lyase activity
  • lyase activity
  • pyridoxal phosphate binding
Process
  • L-serine metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid and derivative metabolic process
  • cellular amino acid metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • cysteine biosynthetic process
  • cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
  • cysteine biosynthetic process via cystathionine
  • metabolic process
  • serine family amino acid metabolic process
  • sulfur amino acid biosynthetic process
  • sulfur amino acid metabolic process
Component
  • cell part
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular part
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in cysteine biosynthetic process from serine
Enzyme 3 Specific Function Only known pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme that contains heme. Important regulator of hydrogen sulfide, especially in the brain, utilizing cysteine instead of serine to catalyze the formation of hydrogen sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide is a gastratransmitter with signaling and cytoprotective effects such as acting as a neuromodulator in the brain to protect neurons against hypoxic injury
Enzyme 3 Pathways
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • L-serine + L-homocysteine = L-cystathionine + H2O [RN:R01290]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 388716 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P35520 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name CBS_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1JBQ Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1656 bp
ATGCCTTCTGAGACCCCCCAGGCAGAAGTGGGGCCCACAGGCTGCCCCCACCGCTCAGGG
CCACACTCGGCGAAGGGGAGCCTGGAGAAGGGGTCCCCAGAGGATAAGGAAGCCAAGGAG
CCCCTGTGGATCCGGCCCGATGCTCCGAGCAGGTGCACCTGGCAGCTGGGCCGGCCTGCC
TCCGAGTCCCCACATCACCACACTGCCCCGGCAAAATCTCCAAAAATCTTGCCAGATATT
CTGAAGAAAATCGGGGACACCCCTATGGTCAGAATCAACAAGATTGGGAAGAAGTTCGGC
CTGAAGTGTGAGCTCTTGGCCAAGTGTGAGTTCTTCAACGCGGGCGGGAGCGTGAAGGAC
CGCATCAGCCTGCGGATGATTGAGGATGCTGAGCGCGACGGGACGCTGAAGCCCGGGGAC
ACGATTATCGAGCCGACATCCGGGAACACCGGGATCGGGCTGGCCCTGGCTGCGGCAGTG
AGGGGCTATCGCTGCATCATCGTGATGCCAGAGAAGATGAGCTCCGAGAAGGTGGACGTG
CTGCGGGCACTGGGGGCTGAGATTGTGAGGACGCCCACCAATGCCAGGTTCGACTCCCCG
GAGTCACACGTGGGGGTGGCCTGGCGGCTGAAGAACGAAATCCCCAATTCTCACATCCTA
GACCAGTACCGCAACGCCAGCAACCCCCTGGCTCACTACGACACCACCGCTGATGAGATC
CTGCAGCAGTGTGATGGGAAGCTGGACATGCTGGTGGCTTCAGTGGGCACGGGCGGCACC
ATCACGGGCATTGCCAGGAAGCTGAAGGAGAAGTGTCCTGGATGCAGGATCATTGGGGTG
GATCCCGAAGGGTCCATCCTCGCAGAGCCGGAGGAGCTGAACCAGACGGAGCAGACAACC
TACGAGGTGGAAGGGATCGGCTACGACTTCATCCCCACGGTGCTGGACAGGACGGTGGTG
GACAAGTGGTTCAAGAGCAACGATGAGGAGGCGTTCACCTTTGCCCGCATGCTGATCGCG
CAAGAGGGGCTGCTGTGCGGTGGCAGTGCTGGCAGCACGGTGGCGGTGGCCGTGAAGGCT
GCGCAGGAGCTGCAGGAGGGCCAGCGCTGCGTGGTCATTCTGCCCGACTCAGTGCGGAAC
TACATGACCAAGTTCCTGAGCGACAGGTGGATGCTGCAGAAGGGCTTTCTGAAGGAGGAG
GACCTCACGGAGAAGAAGCCCTGGTGGTGGCACCTCCGTGTTCAGGAGCTGGGCCTGTCA
GCCCCGCTGACCGTGCTCCCGACCATCACCTGTGGGCACACCATCGAGATCCTCCGGGAG
AAGGGCTTCGACCAGGCGCCCGTGGTGGATGAGGCGGGGGTAATCCTGGGAATGGTGACG
CTTGGGAACATGCTCTCGTCCCTGCTTGCCGGGAAGGTGCAGCCGTCAGACCAAGTTGGC
AAAGTCATCTACAAGCAGTTCAAACAGATCCGCCTCACGGACACGCTGGGCAGGCTCTCG
CACATCCTGGAGATGGACCACTTCGCCCTGGTGGTGCACGAGCAGATCCAGTACCACAGC
ACCGGGAAGTCCAGTCAGCGGCAGATGGTGTTCGGGGTGGTCACCGCCATTGACTTGCTG
AACTTCGTGGCCGCCCAGGAGCGGGACCAGAAGTGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID L19501 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID CBS Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID CBS Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:1550 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 2
Enzyme 3 Locus 21q22.3
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Kraus JP, Le K, Swaroop M, Ohura T, Tahara T, Rosenberg LE, Roper MD, Kozich V: Human cystathionine beta-synthase cDNA: sequence, alternative splicing and expression in cultured cells. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Oct;2(10):1633-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chasse JF, Paly E, Paris D, Paul V, Sinet PM, Kamoun P, London J: Genomic organization of the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene: evidence for various cDNAs. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Jun 26;211(3):826-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast system for expression of human cystathionine beta-synthase: structural and functional conservation of the human and yeast genes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Jul 5;91(14):6614-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chasse JF, Paul V, Escanez R, Kamoun P, London J: Human cystathionine beta-synthase: gene organization and expression of different 5' alternative splicing. Mamm Genome. 1997 Dec;8(12):917-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Kraus JP, Oliveriusova J, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Vlcek C, de Franchis R, Maclean KN, Bao L, Bukovsk, Patterson D, Paces V, Ansorge W, Kozich V: The human cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) gene: complete sequence, alternative splicing, and polymorphisms. Genomics. 1998 Sep 15;52(3):312-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Kraus J, Packman S, Fowler B, Rosenberg LE: Purification and properties of cystathionine beta-synthase from human liver. Evidence for identical subunits. J Biol Chem. 1978 Sep 25;253(18):6523-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Kabil O, Zhou Y, Banerjee R: Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a target for sumoylation. Biochemistry. 2006 Nov 14;45(45):13528-36. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Gauci S, Helbig AO, Slijper M, Krijgsveld J, Heck AJ, Mohammed S: Lys-N and trypsin cover complementary parts of the phosphoproteome in a refined SCX-based approach. Anal Chem. 2009 Jun 1;81(11):4493-501. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Meier M, Janosik M, Kery V, Kraus JP, Burkhard P: Structure of human cystathionine beta-synthase: a unique pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent heme protein. EMBO J. 2001 Aug 1;20(15):3910-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Taoka S, Lepore BW, Kabil O, Ojha S, Ringe D, Banerjee R: Human cystathionine beta-synthase is a heme sensor protein. Evidence that the redox sensor is heme and not the vicinal cysteines in the CXXC motif seen in the crystal structure of the truncated enzyme. Biochemistry. 2002 Aug 20;41(33):10454-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Kraus JP, Janosik M, Kozich V, Mandell R, Shih V, Sperandeo MP, Sebastio G, de Franchis R, Andria G, Kluijtmans LA, Blom H, Boers GH, Gordon RB, Kamoun P, Tsai MY, Kruger WD, Koch HG, Ohura T, Gaustadnes M: Cystathionine beta-synthase mutations in homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(5):362-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Kozich V, Kraus JP: Screening for mutations by expressing patient cDNA segments in E. coli: homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency. Hum Mutat. 1992;1(2):113-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Kozich V, de Franchis R, Kraus JP: Molecular defect in a patient with pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jun;2(6):815-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Hu FL, Gu Z, Kozich V, Kraus JP, Ramesh V, Shih VE: Molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in pyridoxine responsive and nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Nov;2(11):1857-60. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. de Franchis R, Kozich V, McInnes RR, Kraus JP: Identical genotypes in siblings with different homocystinuric phenotypes: identification of three mutations in cystathionine beta-synthase using an improved bacterial expression system. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Jul;3(7):1103-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Marble M, Geraghty MT, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Valle D: Characterization of a cystathionine beta-synthase allele with three mutations in cis in a patient with B6 nonresponsive homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1883-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Kraus JP: Komrower Lecture. Molecular basis of phenotype expression in homocystinuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1994;17(4):383-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Shih VE, Fringer JM, Mandell R, Kraus JP, Berry GT, Heidenreich RA, Korson MS, Levy HL, Ramesh V: A missense mutation (I278T) in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene prevalent in pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria and associated with mild clinical phenotype. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jul;57(1):34-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Sebastio G, Sperandeo MP, Panico M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G: The molecular basis of homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Italian families, and report of four novel mutations. Am J Hum Genet. 1995 Jun;56(6):1324-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ, Boers GH, van Oost BA, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP: Two novel missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in homocystinuric patients. Hum Genet. 1995 Aug;96(2):249-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Kruger WD, Cox DR: A yeast assay for functional detection of mutations in the human cystathionine beta-synthase gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1995 Jul;4(7):1155-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Sperandeo MP, Panico M, Pepe A, Candito M, de Franchis R, Kraus JP, Andria G, Sebastio G: Molecular analysis of patients affected by homocystinuria due to cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency: report of a new mutation in exon 8 and a deletion in intron 11. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1995;18(2):211-4. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Kluijtmans LA, Boers GH, Stevens EM, Renier WO, Kraus JP, Trijbels FJ, van den Heuvel LP, Blom HJ: Defective cystathionine beta-synthase regulation by S-adenosylmethionine in a partially pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria patient. J Clin Invest. 1996 Jul 15;98(2):285-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Sperandeo MP, Candito M, Sebastio G, Rolland MO, Turc-Carel C, Giudicelli H, Dellamonica P, Andria G: Homocysteine response to methionine challenge in four obligate heterozygotes for homocystinuria and relationship with cystathionine beta-synthase mutations. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19(3):351-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Dawson PA, Cox AJ, Emmerson BT, Dudman NP, Kraus JP, Gordon RB: Characterisation of five missense mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene from three patients with B6-nonresponsive homocystinuria. Eur J Hum Genet. 1997 Jan-Feb;5(1):15-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Kim CE, Gallagher PM, Guttormsen AB, Refsum H, Ueland PM, Ose L, Folling I, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY, Kruger WD: Functional modeling of vitamin responsiveness in yeast: a common pyridoxine-responsive cystathionine beta-synthase mutation in homocystinuria. Hum Mol Genet. 1997 Dec;6(13):2213-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Aral B, Coude M, London J, Aupetit J, Chasse JF, Zabot MT, Chadefaux-Vekemans B, Kamoun P: Two novel mutations (K384E and L539S) in the C-terminal moiety of the cystathionine beta-synthase protein in two French pyridoxine-responsive homocystinuria patients. Hum Mutat. 1997;9(1):81-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Kozich V, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Oliveriusova J, Orendac M, Kraus JP, Elleder D: Analysis of CBS alleles in Czech and Slovak patients with homocystinuria: report on three novel mutations E176K, W409X and 1223 + 37 del99. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1997 Jul;20(3):363-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Tsai MY, Wong PW, Garg U, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K: Two Novel Mutations in the Cystathionine beta-synthase Gene of Homocystinuric Patients. Mol Diagn. 1997 Jun;2(2):129-133. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Gordon RB, Cox AJ, Dawson PA, Emmerson BT, Kraus JP, Dudman NP: Mutational analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: a splicing mutation, two missense mutations and an insertion in patients with homocystinuria. Mutations in brief no. 120. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):332. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Gallagher PM, Naughten E, Hanson NQ, Schwichtenberg K, Bignell M, Yuan M, Ward P, Yap S, Whitehead AS, Tsai MY: Characterization of mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Irish patients with homocystinuria. Mol Genet Metab. 1998 Dec;65(4):298-302. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. de Franchis R, Kraus E, Kozich V, Sebastio G, Kraus JP: Four novel mutations in the cystathionine beta-synthase gene: effect of a second linked mutation on the severity of the homocystinuric phenotype. Hum Mutat. 1999;13(6):453-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Gat-Yablonski G, Mandel H, Fowler B, Taleb O, Sela BA: Homocystinuria in the Arab population of Israel: identification of two novel mutations using DGGE analysis. Hum Mutat. 2000 Oct;16(4):372. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Janosik M, Oliveriusova J, Janosikova B, Sokolova J, Kraus E, Kraus JP, Kozich V: Impaired heme binding and aggregation of mutant cystathionine beta-synthase subunits in homocystinuria. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Jun;68(6):1506-13. Epub 2001 May 15. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Castro R, Heil SG, Rivera I, Jakobs C, de Almeida IT, Blom HJ: Molecular genetic analysis of the cystathionine beta-synthase gene in Portuguese homocystinuria patients: three novel mutations. Clin Genet. 2001 Aug;60(2):161-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Maclean KN, Gaustadnes M, Oliveriusova J, Janosik M, Kraus E, Kozich V, Kery V, Skovby F, Rudiger N, Ingerslev J, Stabler SP, Allen RH, Kraus JP: High homocysteine and thrombosis without connective tissue disorders are associated with a novel class of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutations. Hum Mutat. 2002 Jun;19(6):641-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Gaustadnes M, Wilcken B, Oliveriusova J, McGill J, Fletcher J, Kraus JP, Wilcken DE: The molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Australian patients: genotype-phenotype correlations and response to treatment. Hum Mutat. 2002 Aug;20(2):117-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Urreizti R, Balcells S, Rodes M, Vilarinho L, Baldellou A, Couce ML, Munoz C, Campistol J, Pinto X, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D: Spectrum of CBS mutations in 16 homocystinuric patients from the Iberian Peninsula: high prevalence of T191M and absence of I278T or G307S. Hum Mutat. 2003 Jul;22(1):103. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Kruger WD, Wang L, Jhee KH, Singh RH, Elsas LJ 2nd: Cystathionine beta-synthase deficiency in Georgia (USA): correlation of clinical and biochemical phenotype with genotype. Hum Mutat. 2003 Dec;22(6):434-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Orendae M, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Janosik M, Sokolova J, Linnebank M, Koch HG, Kozich V: Identification and functional analysis of two novel mutations in the CBS gene in Polish patients with homocystinuria. Hum Mutat. 2004 Jun;23(6):631. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Linnebank M, Janosik M, Kozich V, Pronicka E, Kubalska J, Sokolova J, Linnebank A, Schmidt E, Leyendecker C, Klockgether T, Kraus JP, Koch HG: The cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) mutation c.1224-2A>C in Central Europe: Vitamin B6 nonresponsiveness and a common ancestral haplotype. Hum Mutat. 2004 Oct;24(4):352-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Porto MP, Galdieri LC, Pereira VG, Vergani N, da Rocha JC, Micheletti C, Martins AM, Perez AB, Almeida VD: Molecular analysis of homocystinuria in Brazilian patients. Clin Chim Acta. 2005 Dec;362(1-2):71-8. Epub 2005 Jul 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Lee SJ, Lee DH, Yoo HW, Koo SK, Park ES, Park JW, Lim HG, Jung SC: Identification and functional analysis of cystathionine beta-synthase gene mutations in patients with homocystinuria. J Hum Genet. 2005;50(12):648-54. Epub 2005 Oct 5. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. Urreizti R, Asteggiano C, Cozar M, Frank N, Vilaseca MA, Grinberg D, Balcells S: Functional assays testing pathogenicity of 14 cystathionine-beta synthase mutations. Hum Mutat. 2006 Feb;27(2):211. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 4 [top]
Enzyme 4 ID 16487
Enzyme 4 Name cDNA, FLJ94281, Homo sapiens cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), mRNA (Cystathionine-beta-synthase, isoform CRA_b)
Enzyme 4 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Name CBS
Enzyme 4 Protein Sequence >cDNA, FLJ94281, Homo sapiens cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS), mRNA (Cystathionine-beta-synthase, isoform CRA_b)
MPSETPQAEVGPTGCPHRSGPHSAKGSLEKGSPEDKEAKEPLWIRPDAPSRCTWQLGRPA
SESPHHHTAPAKSPKILPDILKKIGDTPMVRINKIGKKFGLKCELLAKCEFFNAGGSVKD
RISLRMIEDAERDGTLKPGDTIIEPTSGNTGIGLALAAAVRGYRCIIVMPEKMSSEKVDV
LRALGAEIVRTPTNARFDSPESHVGVAWRLKNEIPNSHILDQYRNASNPLAHYDTTADEI
LQQCDGKLDMLVASVGTGGTITGIARKLKEKCPGCRIIGVDPEGSILAEPEELNQTEQTT
YEVEGIGYDFIPTVLDRTVVDKWFKSNDEEAFTFARMLIAQEGLLCGGSAGSTVAVAVKA
AQELQEGQRCVVILPDSVRNYMTKFLSDRWMLQKGFLKEEDLTEKKPWWWHLRVQELGLS
APLTVLPTITCGHTIEILREKGFDQAPVVDEAGVILGMVTLGNMLSSLLAGKVQPSDQVG
KVIYKQFKQIRLTDTLGRLSHILEMDHFALVVHEQIQYHSTGKSSQRQMVFGVVTAIDLL
NFVAAQERDQK
Enzyme 4 Number of Residues 551
Enzyme 4 Molecular Weight 60587
Enzyme 4 Theoretical pI 6.63
Enzyme 4 GO Classification
Function
  • carbon-oxygen lyase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • cystathionine beta-synthase activity
  • hydro-lyase activity
  • lyase activity
Process
  • L-serine metabolism
  • amino acid and derivative metabolism
  • amino acid metabolism
  • cellular metabolism
  • cysteine biosynthesis
  • cysteine biosynthesis from serine
  • cysteine biosynthesis via cystathione
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
  • serine family amino acid metabolism
  • sulfur amino acid biosynthesis
  • sulfur amino acid metabolism
Component
  • cell
  • cytoplasm
  • intracellular
Enzyme 4 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 4 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 4 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 4 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 4 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 4 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 4 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank ID Protein Not Available
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID B2R993 Link Image
Enzyme 4 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name B2R993_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB ID 1JBQ Link Image
Enzyme 4 PDB File Show
Enzyme 4 3D Structure
Enzyme 4 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 4 Gene Sequence Not Available
Enzyme 4 GenBank Gene ID AK313691 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GeneCard ID B2R993 Link Image
Enzyme 4 GenAtlas ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 HGNC ID Not Available
Enzyme 4 Chromosome Location 21
Enzyme 4 Locus 21q22.3
Enzyme 4 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 4 General References Not Available
Enzyme 4 Metabolite References Not Available