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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for D-Aspartic acid (HMDB06483)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2007-05-23 12:20:02
Update Date 2010-04-26 20:53:35
Accession Number HMDB06483
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name D-Aspartic acid
Description D-Aspartic acid is the D-isomer of aspartic acid. Since its discovery in invertebrates, free D-aspartate (D-Asp) has been identified in a variety of organisms, including microorganisms, plants, and lower animals, mammals and humans. D-Asp in mammalian tissues is present in specific cells, indicating the existence of specific molecular components that regulate D-Asp levels and localization in tissues. In the rat adrenal medulla, D-Asp is closely associated with adrenaline-cells (A-cells), which account for approximately 80% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the tissue, and which make and store adrenaline. D-Asp appears to be absent from noradrenaline-cells (NA-cells), which comprise approximately 20% of the total number of chromaffin cells in the adrenal medulla, and which make and store noradrenaline. D-aspartate oxidase (EC 1.4.3.1, D-AspO), which catalyzes oxidative deamination of D-Asp, appears to be present only in NA-cells, suggesting that the lack of D-Asp in these cells is due to D-Asp oxidase-mediated metabolism of D-Asp. In the rat adrenal cortex, the distribution of D-Asp changes during development. It has been suggested that developmental changes in the localization of D-Asp reflects the participation of D-Asp in the development and maturation of steroidogenesis in rat adrenal cortical cells. D-Asp is involved in steroid hormone synthesis and secretion in mammals as well. D-Asp is synthesized intracellularly, most likely by Asp racemase (EC 5.1.1.13). Endogenous D-Asp apparently has two different intracellular localization patterns: cytoplasmic and vesicular. D-Asp release can occur through three distinct pathways: 1) spontaneous, continuous release of cytoplasmic D-Asp, which is not associated with a specific stimulus; 2) release of cytoplasmic D-Asp via a volume-sensitive organic anion channel that connects the cytoplasm and extracellular space; 3) exocytotic discharge of vesicular D-Asp. D-Asp can be released via a mechanism that involves the L-Glu transporter. D-Asp is thus apparently in dynamic flux at the cellular level to carry out its physiological function(s) in mammals. (PMID: 16755369)
Synonyms
  1. (-)-Aspartic acid
  2. (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid
  3. (R)-2-Aminobutanedioic acid
  4. (R)-2-Aminosuccinic acid
  5. (R)-Aspartic acid
  6. 1-Amino-1,2-carboxyethane
  7. aspartic acid
  8. D-(-)-Aspartic acid
  9. D-aspartate
  10. D-Asparaginsaeure
  11. D-aspartic acid
  12. delta-asparaginsaeure
  13. delta-aspartic acid
  14. L-aspartic acid
  15. Lopac-alpha-9256
  16. Tocris-0213
  17. delta-(-)-Aspartic acid
  18. (2R)-2-Aminobutanedioate
  19. (R)-2-Aminobutanedioate
  20. delta-aspartate
Chemical IUPAC Name (2R)-2-aminobutanedioic acid
Chemical Formula C4H7NO4
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Amino acids and Amino Acid conjugates
Class
  • Amino Acids
Sub Class
  • NA
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary amine
  • primary aliphatic amine (alkylamine)
  • carboxylic acid
  • alpha-aminoacid
Biofunction
  • Protein synthesis, amino acid biosynthesis
Application
—
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 133.103
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 133.037506
Isomeric SMILES N[C@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
Canonical SMILES NC(CC(O)=O)C(O)=O
KEGG Compound ID C00402 Link Image
BioCyc ID CPD-302 Link Image
BiGG ID 34874 Link Image
Wikipedia Link ASP Link Image
NuGOwiki Link HMDB06483 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB06483 Link Image
METLIN ID 15 Link Image
PubChem Compound 83887 Link Image
PubChem Substance 11110794 Link Image
ChEBI ID 17364 Link Image
CAS Registry Number 1783-96-6
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C4H7NO4/c5-2(4(8)9)1-3(6)7/h2H,1,5H2,(H,6,7)(H,8,9)/t2-/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Harada, Kaoru. Direct resolution of DL-aspartic acid with an optically active amine. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1964), 37(9), 1383-4.
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 142.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge -1
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -3.52 [Predicted by ALOGPS]; -3.7 [Predicted by PubChem via XLOGP] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MOL File Show
SDF File Show
PDB File Show
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
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Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location
  • Cytoplasm
  • Extracellular
  • peroxisome
Biofluid Location
  • Blood
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal)
Biofluid Blood
Value 16.0 +/- 3.0 uM
Age Children:1-13 yrs old
Sex N/A
Patient information Normal
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 93. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 21.0 +/- 5.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Male
Patient information Male
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 93. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Biofluid Blood
Value 20.0 +/- 5.0 uM
Age Adult:>18 yrs old
Sex Female
Patient information Female
Comments Not Available
References
  • Geigy Scientific Tables, 8th Rev edition, pp. 93. Edited by C. Lentner, West Cadwell, N.J.: Medical education Div., Ciba-Geigy Corp., Basel, Switzerland c1981-1992.
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Aspartate Metabolism SMP00067 Link Image map00250 Link Image
General References
  1. Wikipedia Link Image
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. OTTHUMP00000017001
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 8855
Enzyme 1 Name OTTHUMP00000017001
Enzyme 1 Synonyms Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Name DDO
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >OTTHUMP00000017001 
MRPARHWETRFGARDFGGFQDCFFRDRLMDTARIAVVGAGVVGLSTAVCISKLVPRCSVT
IISDKFTPDTTSDVAAGMLIPHTYPDTPIHTQKQWFRETFNHLFAIANSAEAGDAGVHLV
SGWQIFQSTPTEEVPFWADVVLGFRKMTEAELKKFPQYVFGQAFTTLKCECPAYLPWLEK
RIKGSGGWTLTRRIEDLWELHPSFDIVVNCSGLGSRQLAGDSKIFPVRGQVLQVQAPWVE
HFIRDGSGLTYIYPGTSHVTLGGTRQKGDWNLSPDAENSREILSRCCALEPSLHGACNIR
EKVGLRPYRPGVRLQTELLARDGQRLPVVHHYGHGSGGISVHWGTALEAARLVSECVHAL
RTPIPKSNL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 369
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 40993
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 8.28
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • D-amino-acid oxidase activity
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the CH-NH2 group of donors, oxygen as acceptor
Process
  • cellular metabolism
  • electron transport
  • generation of precursor metabolites and energy
  • metabolism
  • physiological process
Component
—
Enzyme 1 General Function Amino acid transport and metabolism
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Not Available
Enzyme 1 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 1 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals Not Available
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions Not Available
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 57208418 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID Q5JXM5 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name Q5JXM5_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1110 bp 
ATGAGACCAGCCAGGCACTGGGAAACAAGGTTTGGTGCCAGAGATTTTGGTGGCTTCCAA
GACTGCTTTTTCAGAGACAGGCTCATGGACACAGCACGGATTGCAGTTGTCGGGGCAGGT
GTGGTGGGGCTCTCCACGGCTGTGTGCATCTCCAAACTGGTGCCCCGATGCTCCGTTACC
ATCATTTCAGACAAGTTTACTCCAGATACCACCAGTGATGTGGCAGCCGGAATGCTTATT
CCTCACACTTATCCAGATACACCCATTCACACGCAGAAGCAGTGGTTCAGAGAAACCTTT
AATCACCTCTTTGCAATTGCCAATTCTGCAGAAGCTGGAGATGCTGGTGTTCATTTGGTA
TCAGGTTGGCAGATATTTCAGAGCACTCCGACTGAAGAAGTGCCATTCTGGGCTGACGTG
GTTCTGGGATTTCGAAAGATGACTGAGGCTGAGCTGAAGAAATTCCCCCAGTATGTGTTT
GGTCAGGCTTTTACAACCCTGAAATGTGAATGCCCTGCCTACCTCCCGTGGTTGGAGAAA
AGGATAAAGGGAAGTGGAGGCTGGACACTCACTCGGCGAATAGAAGACCTGTGGGAACTT
CATCCGTCCTTTGACATCGTGGTCAACTGTTCAGGCCTTGGAAGCAGACAGCTTGCAGGA
GACTCAAAGATTTTCCCTGTAAGGGGCCAAGTCCTCCAAGTTCAGGCTCCCTGGGTGGAG
CATTTTATCCGAGATGGCAGTGGGCTGACATATATTTATCCTGGTACATCCCATGTAACC
CTAGGTGGAACTAGGCAAAAAGGGGACTGGAATCTGTCCCCGGATGCAGAAAATAGCAGA
GAGATTCTTTCCCGATGCTGTGCTCTGGAGCCCTCCCTCCACGGAGCCTGCAACATCAGG
GAGAAGGTGGGCTTGAGGCCCTACAGGCCAGGCGTGCGACTGCAGACAGAGCTCCTTGCG
CGAGATGGACAGAGGCTGCCTGTAGTCCACCACTATGGCCATGGGAGTGGGGGCATCTCA
GTGCACTGGGGCACTGCTCTGGAGGCCGCCAGGCTGGTGAGCGAGTGTGTCCATGCCCTC
AGGACCCCCATTCCCAAGTCAAACCTGTAG
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID AL050350 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID DDO Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID DDO Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:2727 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 1 Locus 6q21
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References Not Available
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available