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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for Epimelibiose (HMDB06792)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2008-08-11 16:58:59
Update Date 2009-05-05 21:01:11
Accession Number HMDB06792
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name Epimelibiose
Description Epimelibiose is involved in galactose metabolism. D-galactose and D-mannose are combined to form Epimelibiose through the action of alpha-galactosidase [EC:3.2.1.22]. It is a reversible reaction.
Synonyms Not Available
Chemical IUPAC Name (2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-[[(2S,3S,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
Chemical Formula C12H22O11
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate conjugates
Class
  • Carbohydrates
Sub Class
  • Disaccharides
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • hemiacetal
  • acetal
  • primary alcohol
  • secondary alcohol
  • 1,2-diol
  • heterocyclic compound
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 342.297
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 342.116211
Isomeric SMILES OC[C@H]1O[C@H](OC[C@H]2O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O
Canonical SMILES OCC1OC(OCC2OC(O)C(O)C(O)C2O)C(O)C(O)C1O
KEGG Compound ID C05400 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB06792 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB06792 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 440656 Link Image
PubChem Substance 24559627 Link Image
ChEBI ID 4808 Link Image
CAS Registry Number Not Available
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C12H22O11/c13-1-3-5(14)8(17)10(19)12(23-3)21-2-4-6(15)7(16)9(18)11(20)22-4/h3-20H,1-2H2/t3-,4-,5-,6+,7+,8+,9-,10+,11+,12+/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 511.0 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity -3.00 [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location Not Available
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Galactose Metabolism SMP00043 Link Image map00052 Link Image
General References Not Available
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. Alpha-galactosidase A
  2. Glycophorin-B
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5997
Enzyme 1 Name Alpha-galactosidase A
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Alpha-D-galactosidase A
  2. Alpha-D-galactoside galactohydrolase
  3. Melibiase
  4. Agalsidase
Enzyme 1 Gene Name GLA
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >Alpha-galactosidase A
MQLRNPELHLGCALALRFLALVSWDIPGARALDNGLARTPTMGWLHWERFMCNLDCQEEP
DSCISEKLFMEMAELMVSEGWKDAGYEYLCIDDCWMAPQRDSEGRLQADPQRFPHGIRQL
ANYVHSKGLKLGIYADVGNKTCAGFPGSFGYYDIDAQTFADWGVDLLKFDGCYCDSLENL
ADGYKHMSLALNRTGRSIVYSCEWPLYMWPFQKPNYTEIRQYCNHWRNFADIDDSWKSIK
SILDWTSFNQERIVDVAGPGGWNDPDMLVIGNFGLSWNQQVTQMALWAIMAAPLFMSNDL
RHISPQAKALLQDKDVIAINQDPLGKQGYQLRQGDNFEVWERPLSGLAWAVAMINRQEIG
GPRSYTIAVASLGKGVACNPACFITQLLPVKRKLGFYEWTSRLRSHINPTGTVLLQLENT
MQMSLKDLL
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 429
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 48766.3
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 5.27
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cation binding
  • hydrolase activity
  • hydrolase activity, acting on glycosyl bonds
  • hydrolase activity, hydrolyzing O-glycosyl compounds
  • ion binding
Process
  • carbohydrate metabolic process
  • metabolic process
  • primary metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D- galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids
Enzyme 1 Pathways
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • Hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-D-galactose residues in alpha-D-galactosides, including galactose oligosaccharides, galactomannans and galactolipids ALL_REAC (other) R01101 R01103 R01104 R01194 R01329 R02926 R03618 R03634 R04019 R04470 R05549 R05961(G) R06070(G) R06091(G) R06093(G) R06094(G) R06096(G) R06142(G) R06152(G)
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • 1-31
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 757912 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06280 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name AGAL_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1R47 Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1290 bp
ATGCAGCTGAGGAACCCAGAACTACATCTGGGCTGCGCGCTTGCGCTTCGCTTCCTGGCC
CTCGTTTCCTGGGACATCCCTGGGGCTAGAGCACTGGACAATGGATTGGCAAGGACGCCT
ACCATGGGCTGGCTGCACTGGGAGCGCTTCATGTGCAACCTTGACTGCCAGGAAGAGCCA
GATTCCTGCATCAGTGAGAAGCTCTTCATGGAGATGGCAGAGCTCATGGTCTCAGAAGGC
TGGAAGGATGCAGGTTATGAGTACCTCTGCATTGATGACTGTTGGATGGCTCCCCAAAGA
GATTCAGAAGGCAGACTTCAGGCAGACCCTCAGCGCTTTCCTCATGGGATTCGCCAGCTA
GCTAATTATGTTCACAGCAAAGGACTGAAGCTAGGGATTTATGCAGATGTTGGAAATAAA
ACCTGCGCAGGCTTCCCTGGGAGTTTTGGATACTACGACATTGATGCCCAGACCTTTGCT
GACTGGGGAGTAGATCTGCTAAAATTTGATGGTTGTTACTGTGACAGTTTGGAAAATTTG
GCAGATGGTTATAAGCACATGTCCTTGGCCCTGAATAGGACTGGCAGAAGCATTGTGTAC
TCCTGTGAGTGGCCTCTTTATATGTGGCCCTTTCAAAAGCCCAATTATACAGAAATCCGA
CAGTACTGCAATCACTGGCGAAATTTTGCTGACATTGATGATTCCTGGAAAAGTATAAAG
AGTATCTTGGACTGGACATCTTTTAACCAGGAGAGAATTGTTGATGTTGCTGGACCAGGG
GGTTGGAATGACCCAGATATGTTAGTGATTGGCAACTTTGGCCTCAGCTGGAATCAGCAA
GTAACTCAGATGGCCCTCTGGGCTATCATGGCTGCTCCTTTATTCATGTCTAATGACCTC
CGACACATCAGCCCTCAAGCCAAAGCTCTCCTTCAGGATAAGGACGTAATTGCCATCAAT
CAGGACCCCTTGGGCAAGCAAGGGTACCAGCTTAGACAGGGAGACAACTTTGAAGTGTGG
GAACGACCTCTCTCAGGCTTAGCCTGGGCTGTAGCTATGATAAACCGGCAGGAGATTGGT
GGACCTCGCTCTTATACCATCGCAGTTGCTTCCCTGGGTAAAGGAGTGGCCTGTAATCCT
GCCTGCTTCATCACACAGCTCCTCCCTGTGAAAAGGAAGCTAGGGTTCTATGAATGGACT
TCAAGGTTAAGAAGTCACATAAATCCCACAGGCACTGTTTTGCTTCAGCTAGAAAATACA
ATGCAGATGTCATTAAAAGACTTACTTTAA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID X05790 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID GLA Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID GLA Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:4296 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Locus Not Available
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Tsuji S, Martin BM, Kaslow DC, Migeon BR, Choudary PV, Stubbleflied BK, Mayor JA, Murray GJ, Barranger JA, Ginns EI: Signal sequence and DNA-mediated expression of human lysosomal alpha-galactosidase A. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jun 1;165(2):275-80. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Kornreich R, Desnick RJ, Bishop DF: Nucleotide sequence of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1989 Apr 25;17(8):3301-2. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Oeltjen JC, Liu X, Lu J, Allen RC, Muzny D, Belmont JW, Gibbs RA: Sixty-nine kilobases of contiguous human genomic sequence containing the alpha-galactosidase A and Bruton's tyrosine kinase loci. Mamm Genome. 1995 May;6(5):334-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Ross MT, Grafham DV, Coffey AJ, Scherer S, McLay K, Muzny D, Platzer M, Howell GR, Burrows C, Bird CP, Frankish A, Lovell FL, Howe KL, Ashurst JL, Fulton RS, Sudbrak R, Wen G, Jones MC, Hurles ME, Andrews TD, Scott CE, Searle S, Ramser J, Whittaker A, Deadman R, Carter NP, Hunt SE, Chen R, Cree A, Gunaratne P, Havlak P, Hodgson A, Metzker ML, Richards S, Scott G, Steffen D, Sodergren E, Wheeler DA, Worley KC, Ainscough R, Ambrose KD, Ansari-Lari MA, Aradhya S, Ashwell RI, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Ballabio A, Banerjee R, Barker GE, Barlow KF, Barrett IP, Bates KN, Beare DM, Beasley H, Beasley O, Beck A, Bethel G, Blechschmidt K, Brady N, Bray-Allen S, Bridgeman AM, Brown AJ, Brown MJ, Bonnin D, Bruford EA, Buhay C, Burch P, Burford D, Burgess J, Burrill W, Burton J, Bye JM, Carder C, Carrel L, Chako J, Chapman JC, Chavez D, Chen E, Chen G, Chen Y, Chen Z, Chinault C, Ciccodicola A, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee CM, Clegg S, Clerc-Blankenburg K, Clifford K, Cobley V, Cole CG, Conquer JS, Corby N, Connor RE, David R, Davies J, Davis C, Davis J, Delgado O, Deshazo D, Dhami P, Ding Y, Dinh H, Dodsworth S, Draper H, Dugan-Rocha S, Dunham A, Dunn M, Durbin KJ, Dutta I, Eades T, Ellwood M, Emery-Cohen A, Errington H, Evans KL, Faulkner L, Francis F, Frankland J, Fraser AE, Galgoczy P, Gilbert J, Gill R, Glockner G, Gregory SG, Gribble S, Griffiths C, Grocock R, Gu Y, Gwilliam R, Hamilton C, Hart EA, Hawes A, Heath PD, Heitmann K, Hennig S, Hernandez J, Hinzmann B, Ho S, Hoffs M, Howden PJ, Huckle EJ, Hume J, Hunt PJ, Hunt AR, Isherwood J, Jacob L, Johnson D, Jones S, de Jong PJ, Joseph SS, Keenan S, Kelly S, Kershaw JK, Khan Z, Kioschis P, Klages S, Knights AJ, Kosiura A, Kovar-Smith C, Laird GK, Langford C, Lawlor S, Leversha M, Lewis L, Liu W, Lloyd C, Lloyd DM, Loulseged H, Loveland JE, Lovell JD, Lozado R, Lu J, Lyne R, Ma J, Maheshwari M, Matthews LH, McDowall J, McLaren S, McMurray A, Meidl P, Meitinger T, Milne S, Miner G, Mistry SL, Morgan M, Morris S, Muller I, Mullikin JC, Nguyen N, Nordsiek G, Nyakatura G, O'Dell CN, Okwuonu G, Palmer S, Pandian R, Parker D, Parrish J, Pasternak S, Patel D, Pearce AV, Pearson DM, Pelan SE, Perez L, Porter KM, Ramsey Y, Reichwald K, Rhodes S, Ridler KA, Schlessinger D, Schueler MG, Sehra HK, Shaw-Smith C, Shen H, Sheridan EM, Shownkeen R, Skuce CD, Smith ML, Sotheran EC, Steingruber HE, Steward CA, Storey R, Swann RM, Swarbreck D, Tabor PE, Taudien S, Taylor T, Teague B, Thomas K, Thorpe A, Timms K, Tracey A, Trevanion S, Tromans AC, d'Urso M, Verduzco D, Villasana D, Waldron L, Wall M, Wang Q, Warren J, Warry GL, Wei X, West A, Whitehead SL, Whiteley MN, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams G, Williams L, Williamson A, Williamson H, Wilming L, Woodmansey RL, Wray PW, Yen J, Zhang J, Zhou J, Zoghbi H, Zorilla S, Buck D, Reinhardt R, Poustka A, Rosenthal A, Lehrach H, Meindl A, Minx PJ, Hillier LW, Willard HF, Wilson RK, Waterston RH, Rice CM, Vaudin M, Coulson A, Nelson DL, Weinstock G, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Gibbs RA, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR: The DNA sequence of the human X chromosome. Nature. 2005 Mar 17;434(7031):325-37. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Bishop DF, Calhoun DH, Bernstein HS, Hantzopoulos P, Quinn M, Desnick RJ: Human alpha-galactosidase A: nucleotide sequence of a cDNA clone encoding the mature enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Jul;83(13):4859-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Quinn M, Hantzopoulos P, Fidanza V, Calhoun DH: A genomic clone containing the promoter for the gene encoding the human lysosomal enzyme, alpha-galactosidase A. Gene. 1987;58(2-3):177-88. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Bishop DF, Kornreich R, Desnick RJ: Structural organization of the human alpha-galactosidase A gene: further evidence for the absence of a 3' untranslated region. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Jun;85(11):3903-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Novo FJ, Kruszewski A, MacDermot KD, Goldspink G, Gorecki DC: Editing of human alpha-galactosidase RNA resulting in a pyrimidine to purine conversion. Nucleic Acids Res. 1995 Jul 25;23(14):2636-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Chen R, Jiang X, Sun D, Han G, Wang F, Ye M, Wang L, Zou H: Glycoproteomics analysis of human liver tissue by combination of multiple enzyme digestion and hydrazide chemistry. J Proteome Res. 2009 Feb;8(2):651-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Garman SC, Garboczi DN: The molecular defect leading to Fabry disease: structure of human alpha-galactosidase. J Mol Biol. 2004 Mar 19;337(2):319-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Molecular basis of Fabry disease: mutations and polymorphisms in the human alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1994;3(2):103-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Koide T, Ishiura M, Iwai K, Inoue M, Kaneda Y, Okada Y, Uchida T: A case of Fabry's disease in a patient with no alpha-galactosidase A activity caused by a single amino acid substitution of Pro-40 by Ser. FEBS Lett. 1990 Jan 1;259(2):353-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. von Scheidt W, Eng CM, Fitzmaurice TF, Erdmann E, Hubner G, Olsen EG, Christomanou H, Kandolf R, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease with manifestations confined to the myocardium. N Engl J Med. 1991 Feb 7;324(6):395-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Sakuraba H, Oshima A, Fukuhara Y, Shimmoto M, Nagao Y, Bishop DF, Desnick RJ, Suzuki Y: Identification of point mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in classical and atypical hemizygotes with Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1990 Nov;47(5):784-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Bernstein HS, Bishop DF, Astrin KH, Kornreich R, Eng CM, Sakuraba H, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: six gene rearrangements and an exonic point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase gene. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1390-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Ishii S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Point mutations in the upstream region of the alpha-galactosidase A gene exon 6 in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1992 Apr;89(1):29-32. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Eng CM, Resnick-Silverman LA, Niehaus DJ, Astrin KH, Desnick RJ: Nature and frequency of mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene that cause Fabry disease. Am J Hum Genet. 1993 Dec;53(6):1186-97. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Davies JP, Winchester BG, Malcolm S: Mutation analysis in patients with the typical form of Anderson-Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1993 Jul;2(7):1051-3. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Davies J, Christomanou H, Winchester B, Malcolm S: Detection of 8 new mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Apr;3(4):667-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Eng CM, Niehaus DJ, Enriquez AL, Burgert TS, Ludman MD, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-three mutations including sense and antisense CpG alterations and identification of a deletional hot-spot in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mol Genet. 1994 Oct;3(10):1795-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  22. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Takenaka T, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Galactose stabilizes various missense mutants of alpha-galactosidase in Fabry disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995 Sep 25;214(3):1219-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  23. Okumiya T, Ishii S, Kase R, Kamei S, Sakuraba H, Suzuki Y: Alpha-galactosidase gene mutations in Fabry disease: heterogeneous expressions of mutant enzyme proteins. Hum Genet. 1995 May;95(5):557-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  24. Madsen KM, Hasholt L, Sorensen SA, Fermer ML, Dahl N: Two novel mutations (L32P) and (G85N) among five different missense mutations in six Danish families with Fabry's disease. Hum Mutat. 1995;5(3):277-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  25. Nakao S, Takenaka T, Maeda M, Kodama C, Tanaka A, Tahara M, Yoshida A, Kuriyama M, Hayashibe H, Sakuraba H, et al.: An atypical variant of Fabry's disease in men with left ventricular hypertrophy. N Engl J Med. 1995 Aug 3;333(5):288-93. [PubMed Link Image]
  26. Sawada K, Mizoguchi K, Hishida A, Kaneko E, Koide Y, Nishimura K, Kimura M: Point mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene of atypical Fabry disease with only nephropathy. Clin Nephrol. 1996 May;45(5):289-94. [PubMed Link Image]
  27. Davies JP, Eng CM, Hill JA, Malcolm S, MacDermot K, Winchester B, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: fourteen alpha-galactosidase A mutations in unrelated families from the United Kingdom and other European countries. Eur J Hum Genet. 1996;4(4):219-24. [PubMed Link Image]
  28. Cariolou MA, Christodoulides M, Manoli P, Kokkofitou A, Tsambaos D: Novel trinucleotide deletion in Fabry's disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Apr;97(4):468-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  29. Germain D, Biasotto M, Tosi M, Meo T, Kahn A, Poenaru L: Fluorescence-assisted mismatch analysis (FAMA) for exhaustive screening of the alpha-galactosidase A gene and detection of carriers in Fabry disease. Hum Genet. 1996 Dec;98(6):719-26. [PubMed Link Image]
  30. Blanch LC, Meaney C, Morris CP: A sensitive mutation screening strategy for Fabry disease: detection of nine mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. Hum Mutat. 1996;8(1):38-43. [PubMed Link Image]
  31. Redonnet-Vernhet I, Ploos van Amstel JK, Jansen RP, Wevers RA, Salvayre R, Levade T: Uneven X inactivation in a female monozygotic twin pair with Fabry disease and discordant expression of a novel mutation in the alpha-galactosidase A gene. J Med Genet. 1996 Aug;33(8):682-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  32. Takata T, Okumiya T, Hayashibe H, Shimmoto M, Kase R, Itoh K, Utsumi K, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Screening and detection of gene mutations in Japanese patients with Fabry disease by non-radioactive single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis. Brain Dev. 1997 Mar;19(2):111-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  33. Eng CM, Ashley GA, Burgert TS, Enriquez AL, D'Souza M, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: thirty-five mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in patients with classic and variant phenotypes. Mol Med. 1997 Mar;3(3):174-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  34. Chen CH, Shyu PW, Wu SJ, Sheu SS, Desnick RJ, Hsiao KJ: Identification of a novel point mutation (S65T) in alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Mutations in brief no. 169. Online. Hum Mutat. 1998;11(4):328-30. [PubMed Link Image]
  35. Miyazaki T, Kajita M, Ohmori S, Mizutani N, Niwa T, Murata Y, Seo H: A novel mutation (E358K) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene detected in a Japanese family with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S139-40. [PubMed Link Image]
  36. Okumiya T, Kawamura O, Itoh K, Kase R, Ishii S, Kamei S, Sakuraba H: Novel missense mutation (M72V) of alpha-galactosidase gene and its expression product in an atypical Fabry hemizygote. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S213-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  37. Guffon N, Froissart R, Chevalier-Porst F, Maire I: Mutation analysis in 11 French patients with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 1998;Suppl 1:S288-90. [PubMed Link Image]
  38. Germain DP, Poenaru L: Fabry disease: identification of novel alpha-galactosidase A mutations and molecular carrier detection by use of fluorescent chemical cleavage of mismatches. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999 Apr 21;257(3):708-13. [PubMed Link Image]
  39. Beyer EM, Karpova EA, Udalova OV, Ploos van Amstel JK, van Diggelen OP, Tsvetkova IV: The multiple cases of Fabry disease in a Russian family caused by an E341K amino acid substitution in the alpha-galactosidase A. Clin Chim Acta. 1999 Feb;280(1-2):81-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  40. Kase R, Bierfreund U, Klein A, Kolter T, Utsumi K, Itoha K, Sandhoff K, Sakuraba H: Characterization of two alpha-galactosidase mutants (Q279E and R301Q) found in an atypical variant of Fabry disease. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2000 Jun 15;1501(2-3):227-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  41. Topaloglu AK, Ashley GA, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Twenty novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene causing Fabry disease. Mol Med. 1999 Dec;5(12):806-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  42. Lee JK, Kim GH, Kim JS, Kim KK, Lee MC, Yoo HW: Identification of four novel mutations in five unrelated Korean families with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2000 Sep;58(3):228-33. [PubMed Link Image]
  43. Ashton-Prolla P, Tong B, Shabbeer J, Astrin KH, Eng CM, Desnick RJ: Fabry disease: twenty-two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene and genotype/phenotype correlations in severely and mildly affected hemizygotes and heterozygotes. J Investig Med. 2000 Jul;48(4):227-35. [PubMed Link Image]
  44. Germain DP, Salard D, Fellmann F, Azibi K, Caillaud C, Bernard MC, Poenaru L: Identification of a novel de novo mutation (G373D) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene (GLA) in a patient affected with Fabry disease. Hum Mutat. 2001 Apr;17(4):353. [PubMed Link Image]
  45. Blaydon D, Hill J, Winchester B: Fabry disease: 20 novel GLA mutations in 35 families. Hum Mutat. 2001 Nov;18(5):459. [PubMed Link Image]
  46. Branton MH, Schiffmann R, Sabnis SG, Murray GJ, Quirk JM, Altarescu G, Goldfarb L, Brady RO, Balow JE, Austin Iii HA, Kopp JB: Natural history of Fabry renal disease: influence of alpha-galactosidase A activity and genetic mutations on clinical course. Medicine (Baltimore). 2002 Mar;81(2):122-38. [PubMed Link Image]
  47. Yang CC, Lai LW, Whitehair O, Hwu WL, Chiang SC, Lien YH: Two novel mutations in the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Chinese patients with Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Mar;63(3):205-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  48. Lai LW, Whitehair O, Wu MJ, O'Meara M, Lien YH: Analysis of splice-site mutations of the alpha-galactosidase A gene in Fabry disease. Clin Genet. 2003 Jun;63(6):476-82. [PubMed Link Image]
  49. Verovnik F, Benko D, Vujkovac B, Linthorst GE: Remarkable variability in renal disease in a large Slovenian family with Fabry disease. Eur J Hum Genet. 2004 Aug;12(8):678-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  50. Shabbeer J, Robinson M, Desnick RJ: Detection of alpha-galactosidase a mutations causing Fabry disease by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography. Hum Mutat. 2005 Mar;25(3):299-305. [PubMed Link Image]
  51. Nance CS, Klein CJ, Banikazemi M, Dikman SH, Phelps RG, McArthur JC, Rodriguez M, Desnick RJ: Later-onset Fabry disease: an adult variant presenting with the cramp-fasciculation syndrome. Arch Neurol. 2006 Mar;63(3):453-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  52. Hwu WL, Chien YH, Lee NC, Chiang SC, Dobrovolny R, Huang AC, Yeh HY, Chao MC, Lin SJ, Kitagawa T, Desnick RJ, Hsu LW: Newborn screening for Fabry disease in Taiwan reveals a high incidence of the later-onset GLA mutation c.936+919G>A (IVS4+919G>A). Hum Mutat. 2009 Oct;30(10):1397-405. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 7418
Enzyme 2 Name Glycophorin-B
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. PAS-3
  2. SS-active sialoglycoprotein
  3. Sialoglycoprotein delta
  4. CD235b antigen
Enzyme 2 Gene Name GYPB
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >Glycophorin-B
MYGKIIFVLLLSEIVSISALSTTEVAMHTSTSSSVTKSYISSQTNGETGQLVHRFTVPAP
VVIILIILCVMAGIIGTILLISYTIRRLIKA
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 91
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 9795.6
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 9.73
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
Process
Component
  • cell part
  • integral to membrane
  • intrinsic to membrane
  • membrane part
Enzyme 2 General Function Not Available
Enzyme 2 Specific Function This protein is a minor sialoglycoprotein in erythrocyte membranes
Enzyme 2 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 2 Reactions Not Available
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • 1-19
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • 60-81
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 61696948 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P06028 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name GLPB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID Not Available
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >276 bp
ATGTATGGAAAAATAATCTTTGTATTACTATTGTCAGAAATTGTGAGCATATCAGCATTA
AGTAGCACTGAGGTGGCAATGCACACTTCAACCTCTTCTTCAGTCACAAAGAGTTACATC
TCATCACAGACAAATGGAGAAACGGGACAACTTGTCCATCGTTTCACTGTACCAGCTCCT
GTAGTGATAATACTCATTATTTTGTGTGTGATGGCTGGTATTATTGGAACGATCCTCTTA
ATTTCTTACACTATTCGCCGACTGATAAAGGCATGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID AY950609 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID GYPB Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID GYPB Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:4703 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 4
Enzyme 2 Locus 4q28-q31
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. Siebert PD, Fukuda M: Molecular cloning of a human glycophorin B cDNA: nucleotide sequence and genomic relationship to glycophorin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Oct;84(19):6735-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Tate CG, Tanner MJ: Isolation of cDNA clones for human erythrocyte membrane sialoglycoproteins alpha and delta. Biochem J. 1988 Sep 15;254(3):743-50. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Kudo S, Fukuda M: Structural organization of glycophorin A and B genes: glycophorin B gene evolved by homologous recombination at Alu repeat sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jun;86(12):4619-23. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Storry JR, Reid ME, MacLennan S, Lubenko A, Nortman P: The low-incidence MNS antigens M(v), s(D), and Mit arise from single amino acid substitutions on GPB. Transfusion. 2001 Feb;41(2):269-75. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Huang CH, Blumenfeld OO: Molecular genetics of human erythrocyte MiIII and MiVI glycophorins. Use of a pseudoexon in construction of two delta-alpha-delta hybrid genes resulting in antigenic diversification. J Biol Chem. 1991 Apr 15;266(11):7248-55. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Dahr W, Beyreuther K, Moulds J, Unger P: Hybrid glycophorins from human erythrocyte membranes. I. Isolation and complete structural analysis of the hybrid sialoglycoprotein from Dantu-positive red cells of the N.E. variety. Eur J Biochem. 1987 Jul 1;166(1):31-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Blanchard D, Dahr W, Hummel M, Latron F, Beyreuther K, Cartron JP: Glycophorins B and C from human erythrocyte membranes. Purification and sequence analysis. J Biol Chem. 1987 Apr 25;262(12):5808-11. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Huang CH, Spruell P, Moulds JJ, Blumenfeld OO: Molecular basis for the human erythrocyte glycophorin specifying the Miltenberger class I (MiI) phenotype. Blood. 1992 Jul 1;80(1):257-63. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Nakada H, Inoue M, Numata Y, Tanaka N, Funakoshi I, Fukui S, Mellors A, Yamashina I: Epitopic structure of Tn glycophorin A for an anti-Tn antibody (MLS 128). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1993 Mar 15;90(6):2495-9. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available