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Human Metabolome Database Version 2.5

 

Showing metabocard for S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide (HMDB06869)

Legend: metabolite field enzyme field

Version 2.5
Creation Date 2008-08-13 18:20:38
Update Date 2009-05-05 21:01:25
Accession Number HMDB06869
Secondary Accession Numbers Not Available
Common Name S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide
Description S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide-E is an intermediate in isoleucine degradation. S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide is normally conjugated to a lysine residue of the methylpropanoyltransferase enzyme (E stands for enzyme). The structure shown here is the free form. Specifically S-(2-Methylbutanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide-E is the 2-methylbutanoyl thioester of the reduced lipoyllysine residue in dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase.
Synonyms
  1. [Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase]
  2. S-(2-methylbutanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine
Chemical IUPAC Name S-(8-amino-8-oxo-3-sulfanyloctyl) 2-methylbutanethioate
Chemical Formula C13H25NO2S2
Chemical Structure Structure
Chemical Taxonomy
Kingdom
  • Organic
Super Class
  • Lipids
Class
  • Lipoamides and Derivatives
Sub Class
  • Alkyl-lipoamides
Family
  • Mammalian Metabolite
Species
  • primary carboxylic acid amide
  • thiocarboxylic acid ester
  • thiol (sulfanyl compound)
  • alkylthiol
Biofunction
Application
Source
  • Endogenous
Average Molecular Weight 291.473
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight 291.132660
Isomeric SMILES CCC(C)C(=O)SCCC(S)CCCCC(N)=O
Canonical SMILES CCC(C)C(=O)SCCC(S)CCCCC(N)=O
KEGG Compound ID C15979 Link Image
BioCyc ID Not Available
BiGG ID Not Available
Wikipedia Link Not Available
NuGOwiki Link HMDB06869 Link Image
Metagene Link HMDB06869 Link Image
METLIN ID Not Available
PubChem Compound 440565 Link Image
PubChem Substance 47205292 Link Image
ChEBI ID Not Available
CAS Registry Number Not Available
InChI Identifier InChI=1/C13H25NO2S2/c1-3-10(2)13(16)18-9-8-11(17)6-4-5-7-12(14)15/h10-11,17H,3-9H2,1-2H3,(H2,14,15)/t10-,11?/m1/s1
Synthesis Reference Not Available
Melting Point (Experimental) Not Available
Experimental Water Solubility Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted Water Solubility 0.0105 mg/mL [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Physiological Charge 0
State Solid
Experimental LogP/Hydrophobicity Not Available Source: PhysProp
Predicted LogP/Hydrophobicity 3.67 [Predicted by ALOGPS] Calculated using ALOGPS
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) Not Available
MOL File Show Link Image
SDF File Show Link Image
PDB File Show Link Image
2D Structure
3D Structure
Experimental PDB ID Not Available
Experimental 1H NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C NMR Spectrum Not Available
Experimental 13C HSQC Spectrum Not Available
Predicted 1H NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Predicted 13C NMR Spectrum Show Image
Show Peaklist
Mass Spectrum Not Available
Simplified TOCSY Spectrum Not Available
BMRB Spectrum Not Available
Cellular Location Not Available
Biofluid Location Not Available
Tissue Location Not Available
Concentrations (Normal) Not Available
Concentrations (Abnormal) Not Available
Associated Disorders Not Available
OMIM ID Not Available
Pathways
Name SMPDB Link KEGG Link
Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation SMP00032 Link Image map00280 Link Image
General References Not Available
Metabolic Enzymes
  1. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial
  2. 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
  3. Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
Enzyme 1 [top]
Enzyme 1 ID 5534
Enzyme 1 Name 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial
Enzyme 1 Synonyms
  1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component beta chain
  2. BCKDE1B
  3. BCKDH E1-beta
Enzyme 1 Gene Name BCKDHB
Enzyme 1 Protein Sequence >2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit beta, mitochondrial
MAVVAAAAGWLLRLRAAGAEGHWRRLPGAGLARGFLHPAATVEDAAQRRQVAHFTFQPDP
EPREYGQTQKMNLFQSVTSALDNSLAKDPTAVIFGEDVAFGGVFRCTVGLRDKYGKDRVF
NTPLCEQGIVGFGIGIAVTGATAIAEIQFADYIFPAFDQIVNEAAKYRYRSGDLFNCGSL
TIRSPWGCVGHGALYHSQSPEAFFAHCPGIKVVIPRSPFQAKGLLLSCIEDKNPCIFFEP
KILYRAAAEEVPIEPYNIPLSQAEVIQEGSDVTLVAWGTQVHVIREVASMAKEKLGVSCE
VIDLRTIIPWDVDTICKSVIKTGRLLISHEAPLTGGFASEISSTVQEECFLNLEAPISRV
CGYDTPFPHIFEPFYIPDKWKCYDALRKMINY
Enzyme 1 Number of Residues 392
Enzyme 1 Molecular Weight 43122.1
Enzyme 1 Theoretical pI 6.24
Enzyme 1 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 1 General Function Involved in catalytic activity
Enzyme 1 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 1 Pathways
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 1 Reactions
  • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01701]
Enzyme 1 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 1 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 1 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 1 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 1 GenBank ID Protein 179362 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P21953 Link Image
Enzyme 1 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODBB_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB ID 1X80 Link Image
Enzyme 1 PDB File Show
Enzyme 1 3D Structure
Enzyme 1 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 1 Gene Sequence >1179 bp
ATGGCGGTTGTAGCGGCGGCTGCCGGCTGGCTACTCAGGCTCAGGGCGGCAGGGGCTGAG
GGGCACTGGCGTCGGCTTCCTGGCGCGGGGCTGGCGCGGGGCTTTTTGCACCCCGCCGCG
ACTGTCGAGGATGCGGCCCAGAGGCGGCAGGTGGCTCATTTTACTTTCCAGCCAGATCCG
GAGCCCCGGGAGTACGGGCAAACTCAGAAAATGAATCTTTTCCAGTCTGTAACAAGTGCC
TTGGATAACTCATTGGCCAAAGATCCTACTGCAGTAATATTTGGTGAAGATGTTGCCTTT
GGTGGAGTCTTTAGATGCACTGTTGGCTTGCGAGACAAATATGGAAAAGATAGAGTTTTT
AATACCCCATTGTGTGAACAAGGAATTGTTGGATTTGGAATCGGAATTGCGGTCACTGGA
GCTACTGCCATTGCGGAAATTCAGTTTGCAGATTATATTTTCCCTGCATTTGATCAGATT
GTTAATGAAGCTGCCAAGTATCGCTATCGCTCTGGGGATCTTTTTAACTGTGGAAGCCTC
ACTATCCGGTCCCCTTGGGGCTGTGTTGGTCATGGGGCTCTCTATCATTCTCAGAGTCCT
GAAGCATTTTTTGCCCATTGCCCAGGAATCAAGGTGGTTATACCCAGAAGCCCTTTCCAG
GCCAAAGGACTTCTTTTGTCATGCATAGAGGATAAAAATCCTTGTATATTTTTTGAACCT
AAAATACTTTACAGGGCAGCAGCGGAAGAAGTCCCTATAGAACCATACAACATCCCACTG
TCCCAGGCCGAAGTCATACAGGAAGGGAGTGATGTTACTCTAGTTGCCTGGGGCACTCAG
GTTCATGTGATCCGAGAGGTAGCTTCCATGGCAAAAGAAAAGCTTGGAGTGTCTTGTGAA
GTCATTGATCTGAGGACTATAATACCTTGGGATGTGGACACAATTTGTAAGTCTGTGATC
AAAACAGGGCGACTGCTAATCAGTCACGAGGCTCCCTTGACAGGCGGCTTTGCATCGGAA
ATCAGCTCTACAGTTCAGGAGGAATGTTTCTTGAACCTAGAGGCTCCTATATCAAGAGTA
TGTGGTTATGACACACCATTTCCTCACATTTTTGAACCATTCTACATCCCAGACAAATGG
AAGTGTTATGATGCCCTTCGAAAAATGATCAACTATTGA
Enzyme 1 GenBank Gene ID M55575 Link Image
Enzyme 1 GeneCard ID BCKDHB Link Image
Enzyme 1 GenAtlas ID BCKDHB Link Image
Enzyme 1 HGNC ID HGNC:987 Link Image
Enzyme 1 Chromosome Location 6
Enzyme 1 Locus 6q14.1
Enzyme 1 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 1 General References
  1. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Akaboshi I, Asaka J, Matsuda I: Maple syrup urine disease. Complete primary structure of the E1 beta subunit of human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex deduced from the nucleotide sequence and a gene analysis of patients with this disease. J Clin Invest. 1990 Jul;86(1):242-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease: the E1beta gene of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has 11 rather than 10 exons, and the 3' UTR in one of the two E1beta mRNAs arises from intronic sequences. Am J Hum Genet. 1996 Jun;58(6):1373-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Chuang JL, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular cloning of the mature E1b-beta subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1990 Mar 26;262(2):305-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Edelmann L, Wasserstein MP, Kornreich R, Sansaricq C, Snyderman SE, Diaz GA: Maple syrup urine disease: identification and carrier-frequency determination of a novel founder mutation in the Ashkenazi Jewish population. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Oct;69(4):863-8. Epub 2001 Aug 16. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 1 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 2 [top]
Enzyme 2 ID 5535
Enzyme 2 Name 2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
Enzyme 2 Synonyms
  1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1 component alpha chain
  2. BCKDE1A
  3. BCKDH E1-alpha
Enzyme 2 Gene Name BCKDHA
Enzyme 2 Protein Sequence >2-oxoisovalerate dehydrogenase subunit alpha, mitochondrial
MAVAIAAARVWRLNRGLSQAALLLLRQPGARGLARSHPPRQQQQFSSLDDKPQFPGASAE
FIDKLEFIQPNVISGIPIYRVMDRQGQIINPSEDPHLPKEKVLKLYKSMTLLNTMDRILY
ESQRQGRISFYMTNYGEEGTHVGSAAALDNTDLVFGQYREAGVLMYRDYPLELFMAQCYG
NISDLGKGRQMPVHYGCKERHFVTISSPLATQIPQAVGAAYAAKRANANRVVICYFGEGA
ASEGDAHAGFNFAATLECPIIFFCRNNGYAISTPTSEQYRGDGIAARGPGYGIMSIRVDG
NDVFAVYNATKEARRRAVAENQPFLIEAMTYRIGHHSTSDDSSAYRSVDEVNYWDKQDHP
ISRLRHYLLSQGWWDEEQEKAWRKQSRRKVMEAFEQAERKPKPNPNLLFSDVYQEMPAQL
RKQQESLARHLQTYGEHYPLDHFDK
Enzyme 2 Number of Residues 445
Enzyme 2 Molecular Weight 50470.6
Enzyme 2 Theoretical pI 8.41
Enzyme 2 GO Classification
Function
  • catalytic activity
  • oxidoreductase activity
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors
  • oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 2 General Function Involved in oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors, disulfide as acceptor
Enzyme 2 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 2 Pathways
  • Valine, Leucine and Isoleucine Degradation (map00280 Link Image)
Enzyme 2 Reactions
  • 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] lipoyllysine = [dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase] S-(2-methylpropanoyl)dihydrolipoyllysine + CO2 [RN:R01701]
Enzyme 2 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 2 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 2 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 2 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 2 GenBank ID Protein 29391 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P12694 Link Image
Enzyme 2 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODBA_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB ID 1U5B Link Image
Enzyme 2 PDB File Show
Enzyme 2 3D Structure
Enzyme 2 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 2 Gene Sequence >1338 bp
ATGGCGGTAGCGATCGCTGCAGCGAGGGTCTGGCGGCTAAACCGTGGTTTGAGCCAGGCT
GCCCTCCTGCTGCTGCGGCAGCCTGGGGCTCGGGGACTGGCTAGATCTCACCCCCCCAGG
CAGCAGCAGCAGTTTTCATCTCTGGATGACAAGCCCCAGTTCCCAGGGGCCTCGGCGGAG
TTTATAGATAAGTTGGAATTCATCCAGCCCAACGTCATCTCTGGAATCCCCATCTACCGC
GTCATGGACCGGCAAGGCCAGATCATCAACCCCAGCGAGGACCCCCACCTGCCGAAGGAG
AAGGTGCTGAAGCTCTACAAGAGCATGACACTGCTTAACACCATGGACCGCATCCTCTAT
GAGTCTCAGCGGCAGGGCCGGATCTCCTTCTACATGACCAACTATGGTGAGGAGGGCACG
CACGTGGGGAGTGCCGCCGCCCTGGACAACACGGACCTGGTGTTTGGCCAGTACCGGGAG
GCAGGTGTGCTGATGTATCGGGACTACCCCCTGGAACTATTCATGGCCCAGTGCTATGGC
AACATCAGTGACTTGGGCAAGGGGCGCCAGATGCCTGTCCACTACGGCTGCAAGGAACGC
CACTTCGTCACTATCTCCTCTCCACTGGCCACGCAGATCCCTCAGGCGGTGGGGGCGGCG
TACGCAGCCAAGCGGGCCAATGCCAACAGGGTCGTCATCTGTTACTTCGGCGAGGGGGCA
GCCAGTGAGGGGGACGCCCATGCCGGCTTCAACTTCGCTGCCACACTTGAGTGCCCCATC
ATCTTCTTCTGCCGGAACAATGGCTACGCCATCTCCACGCCCACCTCTGAGCAGTATCGC
GGCGATGGCATTGCAGCACGAGGCCCCGGGTATGGCATCATGTCAATCCGCGTGGATGGT
AATGATGTGTTTGCCGTATACAACGCCACAAAGGAGGCCCGACGGCGGGCTGTGGCAGAG
AACCAGCCCTTTCTCATCGAGGCCATGACCTACAGGATCGGGCACCACAGCACCAGTGAC
GACAGTTCAGCGTACCGCTCGGTGGATGAGGTCAATTACTGGGATAAACAGGACCACCCC
ATCTCCCGGCTGCGGCACTATCTGCTGAGCCAAGGCTGGTGGGATGAGGAGCAGGAGAAG
GCCTGGAGGAAGCAGTCCCGCAGGAAGGTGATGGAGGCCTTTGAGCAGGCCGAGCGGAAG
CCCAAACCCAACCCCAACCTGCTCTTCTCAGACGTGTATCAGGAGATGCCCGCCCAGCTC
CGCAAGCAGCAGGAGTCTCTGGCCCGCCACCTGCAGACCTACGGGGAGCACTACCCACTG
GATCACTTCGATAAGTGA
Enzyme 2 GenBank Gene ID Z14093 Link Image
Enzyme 2 GeneCard ID BCKDHA Link Image
Enzyme 2 GenAtlas ID BCKDHA Link Image
Enzyme 2 HGNC ID HGNC:986 Link Image
Enzyme 2 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 2 Locus 19q13.1-q13.2
Enzyme 2 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 2 General References
  1. McKean MC, Winkeler KA, Danner DJ: Nucleotide sequence of the 5' end including the initiation codon of cDNA for the E1 alpha subunit of the human branched chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Nov 15;1171(1):109-12. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Fisher CW, Chuang JL, Griffin TA, Lau KS, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular phenotypes in cultured maple syrup urine disease cells. Complete E1 alpha cDNA sequence and mRNA and subunit contents of the human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 1989 Feb 25;264(6):3448-53. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. FEBS Lett. 1991 Jun 17;284(1):34-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Dariush N, Fisher CW, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding the entire mature E1 alpha subunit of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex (1991) FEBS Letters 284, 34-38. FEBS Lett. 1991 Oct 21;291(2):376-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Zhang B, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence of the E1 alpha subunit of human liver branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase. Gene. 1988 Sep 15;69(1):159-64. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Olsen JV, Blagoev B, Gnad F, Macek B, Kumar C, Mortensen P, Mann M: Global, in vivo, and site-specific phosphorylation dynamics in signaling networks. Cell. 2006 Nov 3;127(3):635-48. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Molina H, Horn DM, Tang N, Mathivanan S, Pandey A: Global proteomic profiling of phosphopeptides using electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Feb 13;104(7):2199-204. Epub 2007 Feb 7. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Zahedi RP, Lewandrowski U, Wiesner J, Wortelkamp S, Moebius J, Schutz C, Walter U, Gambaryan S, Sickmann A: Phosphoproteome of resting human platelets. J Proteome Res. 2008 Feb;7(2):526-34. Epub 2007 Dec 19. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Cantin GT, Yi W, Lu B, Park SK, Xu T, Lee JD, Yates JR 3rd: Combining protein-based IMAC, peptide-based IMAC, and MudPIT for efficient phosphoproteomic analysis. J Proteome Res. 2008 Mar;7(3):1346-51. Epub 2008 Jan 26. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Han G, Ye M, Zhou H, Jiang X, Feng S, Jiang X, Tian R, Wan D, Zou H, Gu J: Large-scale phosphoproteome analysis of human liver tissue by enrichment and fractionation of phosphopeptides with strong anion exchange chromatography. Proteomics. 2008 Apr;8(7):1346-61. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Mayya V, Lundgren DH, Hwang SI, Rezaul K, Wu L, Eng JK, Rodionov V, Han DK: Quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of T cell receptor signaling reveals system-wide modulation of protein-protein interactions. Sci Signal. 2009 Aug 18;2(84):ra46. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. AEvarsson A, Chuang JL, Wynn RM, Turley S, Chuang DT, Hol WG: Crystal structure of human branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase and the molecular basis of multienzyme complex deficiency in maple syrup urine disease. Structure. 2000 Mar 15;8(3):277-91. [PubMed Link Image]
  15. Chuang JL, Fisher CR, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular basis of maple syrup urine disease: novel mutations at the E1 alpha locus that impair E1(alpha 2 beta 2) assembly or decrease steady-state E1 alpha mRNA levels of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Am J Hum Genet. 1994 Aug;55(2):297-304. [PubMed Link Image]
  16. Zhang B, Edenberg HJ, Crabb DW, Harris RA: Evidence for both a regulatory mutation and a structural mutation in a family with maple syrup urine disease. J Clin Invest. 1989 Apr;83(4):1425-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  17. Matsuda I, Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Indo Y, Endo F, Asaka J, Harada A: A T-to-A substitution in the E1 alpha subunit gene of the branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex in two cell lines derived from Menonite maple syrup urine disease patients. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1990 Oct 30;172(2):646-51. [PubMed Link Image]
  18. Fisher CR, Fisher CW, Chuang DT, Cox RP: Occurrence of a Tyr393----Asn (Y393N) mutation in the E1 alpha gene of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex in maple syrup urine disease patients from a Mennonite population. Am J Hum Genet. 1991 Aug;49(2):429-34. [PubMed Link Image]
  19. Fisher CR, Chuang JL, Cox RP, Fisher CW, Star RA, Chuang DT: Maple syrup urine disease in Mennonites. Evidence that the Y393N mutation in E1 alpha impedes assembly of the E1 component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Clin Invest. 1991 Sep;88(3):1034-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  20. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Hayashida Y, Ohta K, Indo Y, Ichiba Y, Endo F, Matsuda I: Heterogeneity of mutations in maple syrup urine disease (MSUD): screening and identification of affected E1 alpha and E1 beta subunits of the branched-chain alpha-keto-acid dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1993 Nov 25;1225(1):64-70. [PubMed Link Image]
  21. Chuang JL, Davie JR, Chinsky JM, Wynn RM, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Molecular and biochemical basis of intermediate maple syrup urine disease. Occurrence of homozygous G245R and F364C mutations at the E1 alpha locus of Hispanic-Mexican patients. J Clin Invest. 1995 Mar;95(3):954-63. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 2 Metabolite References Not Available
Enzyme 3 [top]
Enzyme 3 ID 8614
Enzyme 3 Name Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
Enzyme 3 Synonyms
  1. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex component E2
  2. BCKAD-E2
  3. BCKADE2
  4. Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex
  5. Dihydrolipoamide branched chain transacylase
  6. Dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase
Enzyme 3 Gene Name DBT
Enzyme 3 Protein Sequence >Lipoamide acyltransferase component of branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex, mitochondrial
MAAVRMLRTWSRNAGKLICVRYFQTCGNVHVLKPNYVCFFGYPSFKYSHPHHFLKTTAAL
RGQVVQFKLSDIGEGIREVTVKEWYVKEGDTVSQFDSICEVQSDKASVTITSRYDGVIKK
LYYNLDDIAYVGKPLVDIETEALKDSEEDVVETPAVSHDEHTHQEIKGRKTLATPAVRRL
AMENNIKLSEVVGSGKDGRILKEDILNYLEKQTGAILPPSPKVEIMPPPPKPKDMTVPIL
VSKPPVFTGKDKTEPIKGFQKAMVKTMSAALKIPHFGYCDEIDLTELVKLREELKPIAFA
RGIKLSFMPFFLKAASLGLLQFPILNASVDENCQNITYKASHNIGIAMDTEQGLIVPNVK
NVQICSIFDIATELNRLQKLGSVGQLSTTDLTGGTFTLSNIGSIGGTFAKPVIMPPEVAI
GALGSIKAIPRFNQKGEVYKAQIMNVSWSADHRVIDGATMSRFSNLWKSYLENPAFMLLD
LK
Enzyme 3 Number of Residues 482
Enzyme 3 Molecular Weight 53486.6
Enzyme 3 Theoretical pI 8.75
Enzyme 3 GO Classification
Function
  • acyltransferase activity
  • binding
  • catalytic activity
  • cofactor binding
  • dihydrolipoyllysine-residue (2-methylpropanoyl)transferase activity
  • protein binding
  • transferase activity
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups
  • transferase activity, transferring acyl groups other than amino-acyl groups
Process
  • acyl-CoA metabolic process
  • cellular metabolic process
  • coenzyme metabolic process
  • cofactor metabolic process
  • fatty-acyl-CoA biosynthetic process
  • fatty-acyl-CoA metabolic process
  • metabolic process
Component
Enzyme 3 General Function Involved in acyltransferase activity
Enzyme 3 Specific Function The branched-chain alpha-keto dehydrogenase complex catalyzes the overall conversion of alpha-keto acids to acyl-CoA and CO(2). It contains multiple copies of three enzymatic components:branched-chain alpha-keto acid decarboxylase (E1), lipoamide acyltransferase (E2) and lipoamide dehydrogenase (E3)
Enzyme 3 Pathways Not Available
Enzyme 3 Reactions
  • 2-methylpropanoyl-CoA + enzyme N6-(dihydrolipoyl)lysine = CoA + enzyme N6-(S-[2-methylpropanoyl]dihydrolipoyl)lysine [RN:R02662]
Enzyme 3 Pfam Domain Function
Enzyme 3 Signals
  • None
Enzyme 3 Transmembrane Regions
  • None
Enzyme 3 Essentiality Not Available
Enzyme 3 GenBank ID Protein 189053756 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot ID P11182 Link Image
Enzyme 3 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Entry Name ODB2_HUMAN Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB ID 1K8O Link Image
Enzyme 3 PDB File Show
Enzyme 3 3D Structure
Enzyme 3 Cellular Location Not Available
Enzyme 3 Gene Sequence >1449 bp
ATGGCTGCAGTCCGTATGCTGAGAACCTGGAGCAGGAATGCGGGGAAGCTGATTTGTGTT
CGCTATTTTCAAACATGTGGTAATGTTCATGTTTTGAAGCCAAATTATGTGTGTTTCTTT
GGTTATCCTTCATTCAAGTATAGTCATCCACATCACTTCCTGAAAACAACTGCTGCTCTC
CGTGGACAGGTTGTTCAGTTCAAGCTCTCAGACATTGGAGAAGGGATTAGAGAAGTAACT
GTTAAAGAATGGTATGTAAAAGAAGGAGATACAGTGTCTCAGTTTGATAGCATCTGTGAA
GTTCAAAGTGATAAAGCTTCTGTTACCATCACTAGTCGTTATGATGGAGTCATTAAAAAA
CTCTATTATAATCTAGACGATATTGCCTATGTGGGGAAGCCATTAGTAGACATAGAAACG
GAAGCTTTAAAAGATTCAGAAGAAGATGTTGTTGAAACTCCTGCAGTGTCTCATGATGAA
CATACACACCAAGAGATAAAGGGCCGAAAAACACTGGCAACTCCTGCAGTTCGCCGTCTG
GCAATGGAAAACAATATTAAGCTGAGTGAAGTTGTTGGCTCAGGAAAAGATGGCAGAATA
CTTAAAGAAGATATCCTCAACTATTTGGAAAAGCAGACAGGAGCTATATTGCCTCCTTCA
CCCAAAGTTGAAATTATGCCACCTCCACCAAAGCCAAAAGACATGACTGTTCCTATACTA
GTATCAAAACCTCCGGTATTCACAGGCAAAGACAAAACAGAACCCATAAAAGGCTTTCAA
AAAGCAATGGTCAAGACTATGTCTGCAGCCCTGAAGATACCTCATTTTGGTTATTGTGAT
GAGATTGACCTTACTGAACTGGTTAAGCTCCGAGAAGAATTAAAACCCATTGCATTTGCT
CGTGGAATTAAACTCTCCTTTATGCCTTTCTTCTTAAAGGCTGCTTCCTTGGGATTACTA
CAGTTTCCTATCCTTAACGCTTCTGTGGATGAAAACTGCCAGAATATAACATATAAGGCT
TCTCATAACATTGGGATAGCAATGGATACTGAGCAGGGTTTGATTGTCCCTAATGTGAAA
AATGTTCAGATCTGCTCTATATTTGACATCGCCACTGAACTGAACCGCCTCCAGAAATTG
GGCTCTGTGGGTCAGCTCAGCACCACTGATCTTACAGGAGGAACATTTACTCTTTCCAAC
ATTGGATCAATTGGTGGTACCTTTGCCAAACCAGTGATAATGCCACCTGAAGTAGCCATT
GGGGCCCTTGGATCAATTAAGGCCATTCCCCGATTTAACCAGAAAGGAGAAGTATATAAG
GCACAGATAATGAATGTGAGCTGGTCAGCTGATCACAGAGTTATTGATGGTGCTACAATG
TCACGCTTCTCCAATTTGTGGAAATCCTATTTAGAAAACCCAGCTTTTATGCTACTAGAT
CTGAAATGA
Enzyme 3 GenBank Gene ID AK313191 Link Image
Enzyme 3 GeneCard ID DBT Link Image
Enzyme 3 GenAtlas ID DBT Link Image
Enzyme 3 HGNC ID HGNC:2698 Link Image
Enzyme 3 Chromosome Location 1
Enzyme 3 Locus 1p31
Enzyme 3 SNPs SNPJam Report Link Image
Enzyme 3 General References
  1. Lau KS, Chuang JL, Herring WJ, Danner DJ, Cox RP, Chuang DT: The complete cDNA sequence for dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) of human branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1992 Oct 20;1132(3):319-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  2. Hummel KB, Litwer S, Bradford AP, Aitken A, Danner DJ, Yeaman SJ: Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for branched chain acyltransferase with analysis of the deduced protein structure. J Biol Chem. 1988 May 5;263(13):6165-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  3. Danner DJ, Litwer S, Herring WJ, Pruckler J: Construction and nucleotide sequence of a cDNA encoding the full-length preprotein for human branched chain acyltransferase. J Biol Chem. 1989 May 5;264(13):7742-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  4. Nobukuni Y, Mitsubuchi H, Endo F, Matsuda I: Complete primary structure of the transacylase (E2b) subunit of the human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1989 Jun 30;161(3):1035-41. [PubMed Link Image]
  5. Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, Otsuki T, Sugiyama T, Irie R, Wakamatsu A, Hayashi K, Sato H, Nagai K, Kimura K, Makita H, Sekine M, Obayashi M, Nishi T, Shibahara T, Tanaka T, Ishii S, Yamamoto J, Saito K, Kawai Y, Isono Y, Nakamura Y, Nagahari K, Murakami K, Yasuda T, Iwayanagi T, Wagatsuma M, Shiratori A, Sudo H, Hosoiri T, Kaku Y, Kodaira H, Kondo H, Sugawara M, Takahashi M, Kanda K, Yokoi T, Furuya T, Kikkawa E, Omura Y, Abe K, Kamihara K, Katsuta N, Sato K, Tanikawa M, Yamazaki M, Ninomiya K, Ishibashi T, Yamashita H, Murakawa K, Fujimori K, Tanai H, Kimata M, Watanabe M, Hiraoka S, Chiba Y, Ishida S, Ono Y, Takiguchi S, Watanabe S, Yosida M, Hotuta T, Kusano J, Kanehori K, Takahashi-Fujii A, Hara H, Tanase TO, Nomura Y, Togiya S, Komai F, Hara R, Takeuchi K, Arita M, Imose N, Musashino K, Yuuki H, Oshima A, Sasaki N, Aotsuka S, Yoshikawa Y, Matsunawa H, Ichihara T, Shiohata N, Sano S, Moriya S, Momiyama H, Satoh N, Takami S, Terashima Y, Suzuki O, Nakagawa S, Senoh A, Mizoguchi H, Goto Y, Shimizu F, Wakebe H, Hishigaki H, Watanabe T, Sugiyama A, Takemoto M, Kawakami B, Yamazaki M, Watanabe K, Kumagai A, Itakura S, Fukuzumi Y, Fujimori Y, Komiyama M, Tashiro H, Tanigami A, Fujiwara T, Ono T, Yamada K, Fujii Y, Ozaki K, Hirao M, Ohmori Y, Kawabata A, Hikiji T, Kobatake N, Inagaki H, Ikema Y, Okamoto S, Okitani R, Kawakami T, Noguchi S, Itoh T, Shigeta K, Senba T, Matsumura K, Nakajima Y, Mizuno T, Morinaga M, Sasaki M, Togashi T, Oyama M, Hata H, Watanabe M, Komatsu T, Mizushima-Sugano J, Satoh T, Shirai Y, Takahashi Y, Nakagawa K, Okumura K, Nagase T, Nomura N, Kikuchi H, Masuho Y, Yamashita R, Nakai K, Yada T, Nakamura Y, Ohara O, Isogai T, Sugano S: Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs. Nat Genet. 2004 Jan;36(1):40-5. Epub 2003 Dec 21. [PubMed Link Image]
  6. Gregory SG, Barlow KF, McLay KE, Kaul R, Swarbreck D, Dunham A, Scott CE, Howe KL, Woodfine K, Spencer CC, Jones MC, Gillson C, Searle S, Zhou Y, Kokocinski F, McDonald L, Evans R, Phillips K, Atkinson A, Cooper R, Jones C, Hall RE, Andrews TD, Lloyd C, Ainscough R, Almeida JP, Ambrose KD, Anderson F, Andrew RW, Ashwell RI, Aubin K, Babbage AK, Bagguley CL, Bailey J, Beasley H, Bethel G, Bird CP, Bray-Allen S, Brown JY, Brown AJ, Buckley D, Burton J, Bye J, Carder C, Chapman JC, Clark SY, Clarke G, Clee C, Cobley V, Collier RE, Corby N, Coville GJ, Davies J, Deadman R, Dunn M, Earthrowl M, Ellington AG, Errington H, Frankish A, Frankland J, French L, Garner P, Garnett J, Gay L, Ghori MR, Gibson R, Gilby LM, Gillett W, Glithero RJ, Grafham DV, Griffiths C, Griffiths-Jones S, Grocock R, Hammond S, Harrison ES, Hart E, Haugen E, Heath PD, Holmes S, Holt K, Howden PJ, Hunt AR, Hunt SE, Hunter G, Isherwood J, James R, Johnson C, Johnson D, Joy A, Kay M, Kershaw JK, Kibukawa M, Kimberley AM, King A, Knights AJ, Lad H, Laird G, Lawlor S, Leongamornlert DA, Lloyd DM, Loveland J, Lovell J, Lush MJ, Lyne R, Martin S, Mashreghi-Mohammadi M, Matthews L, Matthews NS, McLaren S, Milne S, Mistry S, Moore MJ, Nickerson T, O'Dell CN, Oliver K, Palmeiri A, Palmer SA, Parker A, Patel D, Pearce AV, Peck AI, Pelan S, Phelps K, Phillimore BJ, Plumb R, Rajan J, Raymond C, Rouse G, Saenphimmachak C, Sehra HK, Sheridan E, Shownkeen R, Sims S, Skuce CD, Smith M, Steward C, Subramanian S, Sycamore N, Tracey A, Tromans A, Van Helmond Z, Wall M, Wallis JM, White S, Whitehead SL, Wilkinson JE, Willey DL, Williams H, Wilming L, Wray PW, Wu Z, Coulson A, Vaudin M, Sulston JE, Durbin R, Hubbard T, Wooster R, Dunham I, Carter NP, McVean G, Ross MT, Harrow J, Olson MV, Beck S, Rogers J, Bentley DR, Banerjee R, Bryant SP, Burford DC, Burrill WD, Clegg SM, Dhami P, Dovey O, Faulkner LM, Gribble SM, Langford CF, Pandian RD, Porter KM, Prigmore E: The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature. 2006 May 18;441(7091):315-21. [PubMed Link Image]
  7. Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, Shenmen CM, Grouse LH, Schuler G, Klein SL, Old S, Rasooly R, Good P, Guyer M, Peck AM, Derge JG, Lipman D, Collins FS, Jang W, Sherry S, Feolo M, Misquitta L, Lee E, Rotmistrovsky K, Greenhut SF, Schaefer CF, Buetow K, Bonner TI, Haussler D, Kent J, Kiekhaus M, Furey T, Brent M, Prange C, Schreiber K, Shapiro N, Bhat NK, Hopkins RF, Hsie F, Driscoll T, Soares MB, Casavant TL, Scheetz TE, Brown-stein MJ, Usdin TB, Toshiyuki S, Carninci P, Piao Y, Dudekula DB, Ko MS, Kawakami K, Suzuki Y, Sugano S, Gruber CE, Smith MR, Simmons B, Moore T, Waterman R, Johnson SL, Ruan Y, Wei CL, Mathavan S, Gunaratne PH, Wu J, Garcia AM, Hulyk SW, Fuh E, Yuan Y, Sneed A, Kowis C, Hodgson A, Muzny DM, McPherson J, Gibbs RA, Fahey J, Helton E, Ketteman M, Madan A, Rodrigues S, Sanchez A, Whiting M, Madari A, Young AC, Wetherby KD, Granite SJ, Kwong PN, Brinkley CP, Pearson RL, Bouffard GG, Blakesly RW, Green ED, Dickson MC, Rodriguez AC, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Myers RM, Butterfield YS, Griffith M, Griffith OL, Krzywinski MI, Liao N, Morin R, Palmquist D, Petrescu AS, Skalska U, Smailus DE, Stott JM, Schnerch A, Schein JE, Jones SJ, Holt RA, Baross A, Marra MA, Clifton S, Makowski KA, Bosak S, Malek J: The status, quality, and expansion of the NIH full-length cDNA project: the Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC). Genome Res. 2004 Oct;14(10B):2121-7. [PubMed Link Image]
  8. Lau KS, Griffin TA, Hu CW, Chuang DT: Conservation of primary structure in the lipoyl-bearing and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase binding domains of mammalian branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex: molecular cloning of human and bovine transacylase (E2) cDNAs. Biochemistry. 1988 Mar 22;27(6):1972-81. [PubMed Link Image]
  9. Lau KS, Herring WJ, Chuang JL, McKean M, Danner DJ, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Structure of the gene encoding dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) component of human branched chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex and characterization of an E2 pseudogene. J Biol Chem. 1992 Nov 25;267(33):24090-6. [PubMed Link Image]
  10. Wynn RM, Kochi H, Cox RP, Chuang DT: Differential processing of human and rat E1 alpha precursors of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex caused by an N-terminal proline in the rat sequence. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1994 Sep 28;1201(1):125-8. [PubMed Link Image]
  11. Choudhary C, Kumar C, Gnad F, Nielsen ML, Rehman M, Walther TC, Olsen JV, Mann M: Lysine acetylation targets protein complexes and co-regulates major cellular functions. Science. 2009 Aug 14;325(5942):834-40. Epub 2009 Jul 16. [PubMed Link Image]
  12. Chang CF, Chou HT, Chuang JL, Chuang DT, Huang TH: Solution structure and dynamics of the lipoic acid-bearing domain of human mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 3;277(18):15865-73. Epub 2002 Feb 11. [PubMed Link Image]
  13. Fisher CW, Lau KS, Fisher CR, Wynn RM, Cox RP, Chuang DT: A 17-bp insertion and a Phe215----Cys missense mutation in the dihydrolipoyl transacylase (E2) mRNA from a thiamine-responsive maple syrup urine disease patient WG-34. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1991 Jan 31;174(2):804-9. [PubMed Link Image]
  14. Tsuruta M, Mitsubuchi H, Mardy S, Miura Y, Hayashida Y, Kinugasa A, Ishitsu T, Matsuda I, Indo Y: Molecular basis of intermittent maple syrup urine disease: novel mutations in the E2 gene of the branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complex. J Hum Genet. 1998;43(2):91-100. [PubMed Link Image]
Enzyme 3 Metabolite References Not Available