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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusDetected and Quantified
Creation Date2008-10-16 22:20:23 UTC
Update Date2023-02-21 17:17:26 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0010738
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB10738
Metabolite Identification
Common Name1-Methylxanthine
Description1-Methylxanthine belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety. 1-Methylxanthine exists in all living organisms, ranging from bacteria to humans. In humans, 1-methylxanthine is involved in the caffeine metabolism pathway. 1-Methylxanthine has been detected, but not quantified in, several different foods, such as garden tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum), lotus (Nelumbo), okras (Abelmoschus esculentus), tamarinds (Tamarindus indica), and chestnuts (Castanea). This could make 1-methylxanthine a potential biomarker for the consumption of these foods. 1-Methylxanthine is a primary metabolite. Primary metabolites are metabolically or physiologically essential metabolites. They are directly involved in an organism’s growth, development or reproduction. Based on a literature review a significant number of articles have been published on 1-Methylxanthine.
Structure
Data?1676999846
SynonymsNot Available
Chemical FormulaC6H6N4O2
Average Molecular Weight166.1374
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight166.049075456
IUPAC Name2-hydroxy-1-methyl-6,9-dihydro-1H-purin-6-one
Traditional Name1-methylxanthine
CAS Registry Number6136-37-4
SMILES
CN1C(=O)NC2=C(NC=N2)C1=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C6H6N4O2/c1-10-5(11)3-4(8-2-7-3)9-6(10)12/h2H,1H3,(H,7,8)(H,9,12)
InChI KeyMVOYJPOZRLFTCP-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as xanthines. These are purine derivatives with a ketone group conjugated at carbons 2 and 6 of the purine moiety.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganoheterocyclic compounds
ClassImidazopyrimidines
Sub ClassPurines and purine derivatives
Direct ParentXanthines
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Xanthine
  • 6-oxopurine
  • Purinone
  • Alkaloid or derivatives
  • Pyrimidone
  • Pyrimidine
  • Azole
  • Imidazole
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Vinylogous amide
  • Lactam
  • Urea
  • Azacycle
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic heteropolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteropolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Biological locationSource
Process
Role
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility5340 mg/L @ 25 °C (est)The Good Scents Company Information System
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic Properties

Experimental Collision Cross Sections

Adduct TypeData SourceCCS Value (Å2)Reference
[M-H]-MetCCS_train_neg124.23330932474
[M-H]-Not Available124.233http://allccs.zhulab.cn/database/detail?ID=AllCCS00000360
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility11.7 g/LALOGPS
logP-0.46ALOGPS
logP-0.4ChemAxon
logS-1.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)3.11ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)1.67ChemAxon
Physiological Charge-1ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count4ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count2ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area81.58 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count0ChemAxon
Refractivity41.26 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability14.92 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+135.89731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-133.7731661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+126.83630932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-123.71730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-160.70630932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+136.10430932474
AllCCS[M+H]+135.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+130.732859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+139.332859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+140.632859911
AllCCS[M-H]-130.632859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-131.332859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-132.132859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
1-MethylxanthineCN1C(=O)NC2=C(NC=N2)C1=O2423.0Standard polar33892256
1-MethylxanthineCN1C(=O)NC2=C(NC=N2)C1=O2081.9Standard non polar33892256
1-MethylxanthineCN1C(=O)NC2=C(NC=N2)C1=O2150.0Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O1887.5Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O2085.5Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O2822.8Standard polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C=N21966.8Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C=N22100.3Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C)C=N22699.8Standard polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O1951.8Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O2103.3Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C)C1=O2356.5Standard polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2089.4Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2279.6Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=C[NH]2)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2791.5Standard polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N22187.1Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N22290.0Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,1TBDMS,isomer #2CN1C(=O)[NH]C2=C(C1=O)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C=N22742.7Standard polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2364.8Semi standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2523.3Standard non polar33892256
1-Methylxanthine,2TBDMS,isomer #1CN1C(=O)C2=C(N=CN2[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)N([Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)C1=O2461.3Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0apr-3900000000-88bd492326591e7300862017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-9000000000-6fbdd0235ae20be5daa12021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine 30V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-067i-9400000000-26298794cbed4fbcad6b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0aor-3900000000-712a7974e530515b891f2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-69924d9d22c49622a32b2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine NA , positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-a729acfc9694f20accb02020-07-21HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 3V, positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-6d707d0f8b77fb6f3fcd2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 4V, positive-QTOFsplash10-014i-0900000000-a55efb1f01a8ca4a2d952020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 4V, positive-QTOFsplash10-02t9-0900000000-858059d2d9ee8414cafd2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 5V, positive-QTOFsplash10-02t9-0900000000-63a50718538a27464c462020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 6V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-a00013c8cdc36103e8a32020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 8V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2900000000-77efece85a8e1b602d5c2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 9V, positive-QTOFsplash10-08fr-6900000000-0d9cd06c582f1bf232252020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 11V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9300000000-b73bf7301278872b9e262020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 14V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9100000000-c05924743c475bbab05b2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 17V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-c01a620479ccd936f5ea2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine n/a 11V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-0900000000-9fadde7724e8a2f4bab82020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine n/a 11V, positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-9000000000-5277d916d914013bd1142020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine n/a 11V, positive-QTOFsplash10-00di-0900000000-b32aa806de261f5c0e402020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 2V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1900000000-14f01d07c28c61c920262020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 2V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-1900000000-56b961120be01ee887942020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 3V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-2900000000-a21b7d715ff67be12f302020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 4V, positive-QTOFsplash10-03di-5900000000-f069376ed73a3dc10f542020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 5V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0bt9-9500000000-627f0d2416135b20579b2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 6V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9200000000-693e5185f1cfeede2a4f2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - 1-Methylxanthine Orbitrap 7V, positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-9000000000-3a28092a50ffbb7dd36e2020-07-22HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum

NMR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 100 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 1000 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 200 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 300 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 400 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 500 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 600 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 700 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 800 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR13C NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted 1D NMR1H NMR Spectrum (1D, 900 MHz, D2O, predicted)2021-09-25Wishart LabView Spectrum

IR Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M-H]-)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+H]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Predicted IR SpectrumIR Ion Spectrum (Predicted IRIS Spectrum, Adduct: [M+Na]+)2023-02-03FELIX labView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Feces
  • Urine
Tissue Locations
  • Kidney
  • Liver
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableNormal
      Not Available
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Female
Normal
details
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Normal
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.0 (4.0-9.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormal details
Abnormal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal adenoma
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)BothColorectal Cancer details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
FecesDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal cancer
details
UrineDetected and Quantified6.0 (4.0-10.0) umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)Both
Asthma
details
UrineDetected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedAdult (>18 years old)Both
Colorectal adenoma
details
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease References
Colorectal cancer
  1. Brown DG, Rao S, Weir TL, O'Malia J, Bazan M, Brown RJ, Ryan EP: Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool. Cancer Metab. 2016 Jun 6;4:11. doi: 10.1186/s40170-016-0151-y. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27275383 ]
  2. Sinha R, Ahn J, Sampson JN, Shi J, Yu G, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Goedert JJ: Fecal Microbiota, Fecal Metabolome, and Colorectal Cancer Interrelations. PLoS One. 2016 Mar 25;11(3):e0152126. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152126. eCollection 2016. [PubMed:27015276 ]
  3. Goedert JJ, Sampson JN, Moore SC, Xiao Q, Xiong X, Hayes RB, Ahn J, Shi J, Sinha R: Fecal metabolomics: assay performance and association with colorectal cancer. Carcinogenesis. 2014 Sep;35(9):2089-96. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgu131. Epub 2014 Jul 18. [PubMed:25037050 ]
Asthma
  1. Zydron M, Baranowski J, Baranowska I: Separation, pre-concentration, and HPLC analysis of methylxanthines in urine samples. J Sep Sci. 2004 Oct;27(14):1166-72. [PubMed:15537072 ]
Associated OMIM IDs
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDFDB027885
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID72464
KEGG Compound IDC16358
BioCyc IDCPD-9025
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkXanthine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound80220
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID68444
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDrw1155501
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Sims CR 3rd, Delima LR, Calimaran A, Hester R, Pruett WA: Validating the Physiologic Model HumMod as a Substitute for Clinical Trials Involving Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution. Anesth Analg. 2018 Jan;126(1):93-101. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000002430. [PubMed:28863020 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in oxidoreductase activity
Specific function:
Key enzyme in purine degradation. Catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine. Catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid. Contributes to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Has also low oxidase activity towards aldehydes (in vitro).
Gene Name:
XDH
Uniprot ID:
P47989
Molecular weight:
146422.99
Reactions
1-Methylxanthine + Water + Oxygen → 1-Methyluric acid + Hydrogen peroxidedetails
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915