| Record Information |
|---|
| Version |
3.5 |
| Creation Date |
2009-03-24 10:18:46 -0600 |
| Update Date |
2013-02-08 17:27:41 -0700 |
| HMDB ID |
HMDB11892 |
| Secondary Accession Numbers |
None |
| Metabolite Identification |
|---|
| Common Name |
Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/22:1(13Z)) |
| Description |
Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/22:1(13Z)) is a ganglioside. A ganglioside is a compound composed of a glycosphingolipid (ceramide and oligosaccharide) with one or more sialic acids (AKA n-acetylneuraminic acid, NANA) linked on the sugar chain. The 60+ known gangliosides differ mainly in the position and number of NANA residues. It is a component of the cell plasma membrane that modulates cell signal transduction events. It appears that they concentrate in lipid rafts. They have recently been found to be highly important in immunology. Natural and semisynthetic gangliosides are considered possible therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders. Gangliosides are more complex glycosphingolipids in which oligosaccharide chains containing N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuNAc) are attached to a ceramide. NeuNAc, an acetylated derivative of the carbohydrate sialic acid, makes the head groups of Gangliosides anionic. NB: the M in GM2 stands for monosialo, i.e., one NeuNAc residue. GM2 is the second monosialo ganglioside characterized, thus the subscript 2. Their structural diversity results from variation in the composition and sequence of the sugar residues. In all Gangliosides, the ceramide is linked through its C-1 to a beta-glucosyl residue, which, in turn, is bound to a beta-galactosyl residue. (Wikipedia) Particularly, Ganglioside GM1 (d18:1/22:1(13Z)) is a GM1 Ganglioside. GM1 (monosialotetrahexosylganglioside), the prototype ganglioside, is a member of the ganglio series of gangliosides which contain one sialic acid residue. GM1 has important physiological properties and impacts neuronal plasticity and repair mechanisms, and the release of neurotrophins in the brain. Besides its function in the physiology of the brain, GM1 acts as the site of binding for both Cholera toxin and E. coli heat-labile enterotoxin (Traveller's diarrhea).[1][2]Antibodies to GM1 are increased in Guillain-Barre syndrome, dementia and lupus but their function is not clear.[3] There is some evidence to suggest these antibodies are associated with diarrhea in Guillain-Barre syndrome.[4]Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids. There are four types of glycosphingolipids, the cerebrosides, sulfatides, globosides and gangliosides. Gangliosides are very similar to globosides except that they also contain N-acetyl neuraminic acid (NANA) in varying amounts. The specific names for the gangliosides provide information about their structure. The letter G refers to ganglioside, and the subscripts M, D, T and Q indicate that the molecule contains mono-, di-, tri and quatra-sialic acid. The numbered subscripts 1, 2 and 3 refer to the carbohydrate sequence that is attached to the ceramide. In particular, 1 stands for GalGalNAcGalGlc-ceramide, 2 stands for GalNAcGalGlc-ceramide and 3 stands for GalGlc-ceramide. Deficiencies in lysosomal enzymes that degrade the carbohydrate portions of various gangliosides are responsible for a number of lysosomal storage diseases such as Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and GM1 gangliosidosis. The carbohydrate portion of the ganglioside GM1 is the site of attachment of cholera toxin, the protein secreted by Vibrio cholerae. |
| Structure |
Download:
MOL |
SDF |
SMILES |
InChI
Display:
2D Structure |
3D Structure
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| Synonyms |
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| Chemical Formula |
C78H138N2O31 |
| Average Molecular Weight |
1599.9251 |
| Monoisotopic Molecular Weight |
1598.928355708 |
| IUPAC Name |
(2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S,3R,4E)-2-[(13Z)-docos-13-enamido]-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}oxan-2-yl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}-5-acetamido-4-hydroxy-6-[(1R,2R)-1,2,3-trihydroxypropyl]oxane-2-carboxylic acid |
| Traditional IUPAC Name |
(2S,4S,5R)-2-{[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6R)-2-{[(2R,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-{[(2S,3R,4E)-2-[(13Z)-docos-13-enamido]-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-3-hydroxy-5-{[(2S,3R,4R,5R,6R)-5-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(2-oxopropyl)-4-{[(2R |
| CAS Registry Number |
Not Available |
| SMILES |
CCCCCCCCCCCCC\C=C\[C@@H](O)[C@H](CO[C@@H]1O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O[C@@H]2O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]4O[C@H](CO)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)[C@H]3CC(C)=O)[C@H](O[C@@]3(C[C@H](O)[C@@H](NC(C)=O)C(O3)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO)C(O)=O)[C@H]2O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)NC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC |
| InChI Identifier |
InChI=1S/C78H138N2O31/c1-5-7-9-11-13-15-17-19-20-21-22-23-24-26-28-30-32-34-36-38-58(91)80-50(51(88)37-35-33-31-29-27-25-18-16-14-12-10-8-6-2)46-102-74-66(98)64(96)69(56(44-84)105-74)108-76-67(99)72(111-78(77(100)101)40-52(89)59(79-48(4)87)71(110-78)60(92)53(90)41-81)70(57(45-85)106-76)109-73-49(39-47(3)86)68(62(94)55(43-83)103-73)107-75-65(97)63(95)61(93)54(42-82)104-75/h19-20,35,37,49-57,59-76,81-85,88-90,92-99H,5-18,21-34,36,38-46H2,1-4H3,(H,79,87)(H,80,91)(H,100,101)/b20-19-,37-35+/t49-,50+,51-,52+,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,59-,60-,61+,62+,63+,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,70+,71?,72-,73+,74-,75+,76+,78+/m1/s1 |
| InChI Key |
RAJRIARULFTNFT-RDYDBCSJSA-N |
| Chemical Taxonomy |
|---|
| Kingdom |
Organic Compounds |
| Super Class |
Lipids |
| Class |
Sphingolipids |
| Sub Class |
Gangliosides |
| Other Descriptors |
- Aliphatic Heteropolycyclic Compounds
- Hexose Oligosaccharides
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| Substituents |
- 1,2 Diol
- 1,3 Aminoalcohol
- Acetal
- Alkyl Glycoside
- Allyl Alcohol
- Carboxamide Group
- Carboxylic Acid
- Ceramide
- Fatty Acyl Glycoside
- Glyco Amino Acid
- Glycosyl Compound
- Ketone
- N Acetylneuraminic Acid
- N Acyl Amine
- Neuraminic Acid
- O Glycosyl Compound
- Oxane
- Primary Alcohol
- Pyranoid Amino Acid
- Saccharide
- Secondary Alcohol
- Secondary Carboxylic Acid Amide
- Simple Glycosylsphingosine
- Sugar Acid
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| Direct Parent |
Gangliosides |
| Ontology |
|---|
| Status |
Expected and Not Quantified |
| Origin |
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| Biofunction |
- Cell signaling
- Energy source
- Fuel and energy storage
- Fuel or energy source
- Membrane component
- Membrane integrity/stability
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| Application |
- Nutrients
- Stabilizers
- Surfactants and Emulsifiers
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| Cellular locations |
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| Physical Properties |
|---|
| State |
Solid |
| Experimental Properties |
| Property |
Value |
Reference |
| Melting Point |
Not Available |
Not Available |
| Boiling Point |
Not Available |
Not Available |
| Water Solubility |
Not Available |
Not Available |
| LogP |
Not Available |
Not Available |
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| Predicted Properties |
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| Spectra |
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Not Available
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| Biological Properties |
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| Cellular Locations |
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| Biofluid Locations |
Not Available
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| Tissue Location |
Not Available
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| Pathways |
Not Available
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| Normal Concentrations |
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Not Available |
| Abnormal Concentrations |
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Not Available |
| Associated Disorders and Diseases |
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| Disease References |
None |
| Associated OMIM IDs |
None |
| External Links |
|---|
| DrugBank ID |
Not Available |
| Phenol Explorer Compound ID |
Not Available |
| Phenol Explorer Metabolite ID |
Not Available |
| FoodDB ID |
FDB028561 |
| KNApSAcK ID |
Not Available |
| Chemspider ID |
Not Available |
| KEGG Compound ID |
Not Available |
| BioCyc ID |
Not Available |
| BiGG ID |
Not Available |
| Wikipedia Link |
Not Available |
| NuGOwiki Link |
HMDB11892  |
| Metagene Link |
HMDB11892 |
| METLIN ID |
Not Available |
| PubChem Compound |
53481168 |
| PDB ID |
Not Available |
| ChEBI ID |
Not Available |
| References |
|---|
| Synthesis Reference |
Not Available |
| Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) |
Not Available
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| General References |
Not Available |
| Enzymes |
|---|
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| Name: |
Sialidase-3
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| Reactions: |
- Hydrolysis of alpha-(2->3)-, alpha-(2->6)-, alpha-(2->8)- glycosidic linkages of terminal sialic acid residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid and synthetic substrates ALL_REAC (other) R03491 R04018 R04634 R04650 R05115 R05117 R05996(G) R05998(G) R05999(G) R06012(G) R06147(G) R06253(G) INHIBITOR 2-Deoxy-2,3-dehydro-N-acetylneuraminic acid [CPD:C04580]
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| Gene Name: |
NEU3 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9UQ49 |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Lactosylceramide alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase
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| Reactions: |
- CMP-N-acetylneuraminate + beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D-glucosyl-(11)-ceramide = CMP + alpha-N-acetylneuraminyl-(2->3)-beta-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-beta-D- glucosyl-(11)-ceramide [RN:R03488 R05937]
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| Gene Name: |
ST3GAL5 |
| Uniprot ID: |
Q9UNP4 |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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| Name: |
Beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase 4
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| Reactions: |
- UDP-galactose + N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N-acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-(1->4)- beta-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine = UDP + D-galactosyl-(1->3)-beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminyl-(N- acetylneuraminyl)-D-galactosyl-D-glucosyl-N-acylsphingosine [RN:R04631 R05941]
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| Gene Name: |
B3GALT4 |
| Uniprot ID: |
O96024 |
| Protein Sequence: |
FASTA |
| Gene Sequence: |
FASTA |
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