Human Metabolome Database Version 3.5

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Showing metabocard for Lanthanum (HMDB13711)

Blood
Urine

Record Information

Version

3.5

Creation Date

2012-05-18 08:04:03 -0600

Update Date

2013-01-28 20:07:56 -0700

HMDB ID

HMDB13711

Secondary Accession Numbers

None

Metabolite Identification

Common Name

Lanthanum

Description

Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. Lanthanum is a silvery white metallic element that belongs to group 3 of the periodic table and is the first element of the lanthanide series. It is found in some rare-earth minerals, usually in combination with cerium and other rare earth elements. Lanthanum is a malleable, ductile, and soft metal that oxidizes rapidly when exposed to air. It is produced from the minerals monazite and bastnasite using a complex multistage extraction process. Lanthanum compounds have numerous applications as catalysts, additives in glass, carbon lighting for studio lighting and projection, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, and others. Lanthanum carbonate (La2(CO3)3) was approved as a medication against renal failure. Lanthanum is a soft, malleable, silvery white metal which has hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature. At 310 °C, lanthanum changes to a face-centered cubic structure, and at 865 °C into a body-centered cubic structure. Lanthanum easily is oxidized (a centimeter-sized sample will completely oxidize within a year) and is therefore used as in elemental form only for research purposes. For example, single La atoms have been isolated by implanting them into fullerene molecules. If carbon nanotubes are filled with those lanthanum-encapsulated fullerenes and annealed, metallic nanochains of lanthanum are produced inside carbon nanotubes. Lanthanum is most commonly obtained from monazite and bastnasite. The mineral mixtures are crushed and ground. Monazite, because of its magnetic properties, can be separated by repeated electromagnetic separation. After separation, it is treated with hot concentrated sulfuric acid to produce water-soluble sulfates of rare earths. The acidic filtrates are partially neutralized with sodium hydroxide to pH 3-4. Thorium precipitates out of solution as hydroxide and is removed. After that, the solution is treated with ammonium oxalate to convert rare earths to their insoluble oxalates. The oxalates are converted to oxides by annealing. The oxides are dissolved in nitric acid that excludes one of the main components, cerium, whose oxide is insoluble in HNO3. Lanthanum is separated as a double salt with ammonium nitrate by crystallization. This salt is relatively less soluble than other rare earth double salts and therefore stays in the residue. While lanthanum has pharmacological effects on several receptors and ion channels, its specificity for the GABA receptor is unique among divalent cations. Lanthanum acts at the same modulatory site on the GABA receptor as zinc- a known negative allosteric modulator. The Lanthanum cation La3+ is a positive allosteric modulator at native and recombinant GABA receptors, increasing open channel time and decreasing desensitization in a subunit configuration dependent manner.

Structure

Download: MOL | SDF | SMILES | InChI
Display: 2D Structure | 3D Structure

Synonyms

57La
La
Lantano
Lanthan
Lanthane
Lanthanum
Lanthanum carbonate (USAN)
Lanthanum carbonate hydrate (JAN)

Chemical Formula

Not Available

Average Molecular Weight

Not Available

Monoisotopic Molecular Weight

Not Available

IUPAC Name

Not Available

Traditional IUPAC Name

Not Available

CAS Registry Number

7439-91-0

SMILES

Not Available

InChI Identifier

InChI=1S/3CH2O3.2La.H2O/c3*2-1(3)4;;;/h3*(H2,2,3,4);;;1H2/q;;;2*+3;/p-6

InChI Key

AFCUGQOTNCVYSW-UHFFFAOYSA-H

Chemical Taxonomy

Kingdom

Inorganic Compounds

Super Class

Homogeneous Metal Compounds

Class

Homogeneous Lanthanide Compounds

Sub Class

N/A

Other Descriptors

f-block element atom(ChEBI)
lanthanoid atom(ChEBI)
scandium group element atom(ChEBI)

Substituents

Direct Parent

Homogeneous Lanthanide Compounds

Ontology

Status

Detected and Quantified

Origin

Endogenous

Biofunction

Not Available

Application

Not Available

Cellular locations

Not Available

Physical Properties

State

Liquid

Experimental Properties

Property	Value	Reference
Melting Point	Not Available	Not Available
Boiling Point	Not Available	Not Available
Water Solubility	Not Available	Not Available
LogP	Not Available	Not Available

Predicted Properties

Property	Value	Source
Formal Charge	0	ChemAxon

Spectra

Not Available

Biological Properties

Cellular Locations

Not Available

Biofluid Locations

Blood
Urine

Tissue Location

Not Available

Pathways

Not Available

Normal Concentrations

Biofluid	Status	Value	Age	Sex	Condition	Reference
Blood	Expected but not Quantified	Not Applicable	Not Available	Not Available	Normal
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.0002 (0.00003-0.00079) umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	Bouatra, S. ...
Urine	Detected and Quantified	0.00052 ± 0.00039 umol/mmol creatinine	Adult (>18 years old)	Both	Normal	2402627