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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:35 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014334
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14334
Metabolite Identification
Common NameBortezomib
DescriptionBortezomib, also known as velcade or PS 341, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom. Bortezomib is a drug which is used for treatment of multiple myeloma in patients who have not been successfully treated with at least two previous therapies. Bortezomib is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa).
Structure
Data?1582753166
Synonyms
ValueSource
N-[(1R)-1-(DIHYDROXYBORYL)-3-methylbutyl]-N-(pyrazin-2-ylcarbonyl)-L-phenylalaninamideChEBI
PS 341ChEBI
PS-341ChEBI
VelcadeChEBI
341, PSHMDB
LDP 341HMDB
LDP-341HMDB
Chemical FormulaC19H25BN4O4
Average Molecular Weight384.237
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight384.196885774
IUPAC Name[(1R)-3-methyl-1-[(2S)-3-phenyl-2-(pyrazin-2-ylformamido)propanamido]butyl]boronic acid
Traditional Namebortezomib
CAS Registry Number179324-69-7
SMILES
CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)B(O)O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C19H25BN4O4/c1-13(2)10-17(20(27)28)24-18(25)15(11-14-6-4-3-5-7-14)23-19(26)16-12-21-8-9-22-16/h3-9,12-13,15,17,27-28H,10-11H2,1-2H3,(H,23,26)(H,24,25)/t15-,17-/m0/s1
InChI KeyGXJABQQUPOEUTA-RDJZCZTQSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as phenylalanine and derivatives. Phenylalanine and derivatives are compounds containing phenylalanine or a derivative thereof resulting from reaction of phenylalanine at the amino group or the carboxy group, or from the replacement of any hydrogen of glycine by a heteroatom.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassOrganic acids and derivatives
ClassCarboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub ClassAmino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct ParentPhenylalanine and derivatives
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Phenylalanine or derivatives
  • N-acyl-alpha amino acid or derivatives
  • Alpha-amino acid amide
  • Amphetamine or derivatives
  • Pyrazine carboxylic acid or derivatives
  • Pyrazinecarboxamide
  • 2-heteroaryl carboxamide
  • Monocyclic benzene moiety
  • Fatty amide
  • Pyrazine
  • Benzenoid
  • Fatty acyl
  • Heteroaromatic compound
  • Boronic acid derivative
  • Boronic acid
  • Carboxamide group
  • Secondary carboxylic acid amide
  • Azacycle
  • Organic metalloid salt
  • Organoheterocyclic compound
  • Hydrocarbon derivative
  • Organic oxide
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organoboron compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Alkylborane
  • Carbonyl group
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Monoalkylborane
  • Organic salt
  • Aromatic heteromonocyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic heteromonocyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
ProcessNot Available
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.053 g/LNot Available
LogPNot AvailableNot Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.053 g/LALOGPS
logP0.89ALOGPS
logP1.53ChemAxon
logS-3.9ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)13.04ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count4ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area124.44 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count9ChemAxon
Refractivity99.37 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability40.48 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings2ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
AllCCS[M+H]+192.232859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+189.632859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+194.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+195.432859911
AllCCS[M-H]-190.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-190.532859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-191.232859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
BortezomibCC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)B(O)O3686.5Standard polar33892256
BortezomibCC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)B(O)O2470.4Standard non polar33892256
BortezomibCC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)B(O)O3183.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C2901.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C2732.2Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C4729.1Standard polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)B(O)O2934.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)B(O)O2598.7Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)B(O)O4643.1Standard polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2901.7Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C2737.0Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C4311.6Standard polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3121.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C2898.7Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4714.1Standard polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)B(O)O3141.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)B(O)O2783.1Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,1TBDMS,isomer #2CC(C)C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)B(O)O4615.6Standard polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3287.2Semi standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C3066.9Standard non polar33892256
Bortezomib,2TBDMS,isomer #1CC(C)C[C@@H](B(O)O)N(C(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N(C(=O)C1=CN=CC=N1)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C4352.2Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bortezomib GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-002e-9242000000-9fa602d07e0566dc17382017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bortezomib GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Bortezomib GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0035900000-122163b342b985220f632017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib LC-ESI-qTof , Positive-QTOFsplash10-016r-1397000000-e168634cfe7e1453d7422017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib , positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0035900000-122163b342b985220f632017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib , positive-QTOFsplash10-016r-1397000000-e168634cfe7e1453d7422017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0040-0945000000-717d35ff034d0823a60b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-040r-2920000000-7cf2f714cdc618ca8e8c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a59-9500000000-a64c45db287441805ffc2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00lr-4369000000-54da8c6f6ac19bc3a5372016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a7i-7696000000-a8904f81583ba4b00fd92016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00b9-9830000000-fb072cbf98c79ced110d2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-000i-0019000000-738c7318d1c90ad3d40e2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-002r-2497000000-05ce46c969a07d4001702021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-2910000000-b1c62abf177f3ec176c52021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-00kr-0009000000-f57a7486c4cab88316bf2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9012000000-f47b8deb96b3fec82f1d2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Bortezomib 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9100000000-8c4defe85755665f03f32021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00188 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00188 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB00188
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID343402
KEGG Compound IDNot Available
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkBortezomib
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound387447
PDB IDBO2
ChEBI ID52717
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General References
  1. Voorhees PM, Dees EC, O'Neil B, Orlowski RZ: The proteasome as a target for cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res. 2003 Dec 15;9(17):6316-25. [PubMed:14695130 ]
  2. Adams J, Kauffman M: Development of the proteasome inhibitor Velcade (Bortezomib). Cancer Invest. 2004;22(2):304-11. [PubMed:15199612 ]
  3. Oakervee HE, Popat R, Curry N, Smith P, Morris C, Drake M, Agrawal S, Stec J, Schenkein D, Esseltine DL, Cavenagh JD: PAD combination therapy (PS-341/bortezomib, doxorubicin and dexamethasone) for previously untreated patients with multiple myeloma. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):755-62. [PubMed:15953001 ]
  4. Bonvini P, Zorzi E, Basso G, Rosolen A: Bortezomib-mediated 26S proteasome inhibition causes cell-cycle arrest and induces apoptosis in CD-30+ anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia. 2007 Apr;21(4):838-42. Epub 2007 Feb 1. [PubMed:17268529 ]

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in peroxidase activity
Specific function:
May play an important role in regulating or promoting cell proliferation in some normal and neoplastically transformed cells.
Gene Name:
PTGS1
Uniprot ID:
P23219
Molecular weight:
68685.82
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of many drugs and environmental chemicals that it oxidizes. It is involved in the metabolism of drugs such as antiarrhythmics, adrenoceptor antagonists, and tricyclic antidepressants.
Gene Name:
CYP2D6
Uniprot ID:
P10635
Molecular weight:
55768.94
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP1A1
Uniprot ID:
P04798
Molecular weight:
58164.815
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Most active in catalyzing 2-hydroxylation. Caffeine is metabolized primarily by cytochrome CYP1A2 in the liver through an initial N3-demethylation. Also acts in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 and acetaminophen. Participates in the bioactivation of carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Catalizes the N-hydroxylation of heterocyclic amines and the O-deethylation of phenacetin.
Gene Name:
CYP1A2
Uniprot ID:
P05177
Molecular weight:
58406.915
References
  1. Zhou SF, Zhou ZW, Yang LP, Cai JP: Substrates, inducers, inhibitors and structure-activity relationships of human Cytochrome P450 2C9 and implications in drug development. Curr Med Chem. 2009;16(27):3480-675. Epub 2009 Sep 1. [PubMed:19515014 ]
  2. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
Gene Name:
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID:
P10632
Molecular weight:
55824.275
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in copper ion transmembrane transporter activity
Specific function:
Involved in high-affinity copper uptake
Gene Name:
SLC31A1
Uniprot ID:
O15431
Molecular weight:
21090.5
References
  1. Jandial DD, Farshchi-Heydari S, Larson CA, Elliott GI, Wrasidlo WJ, Howell SB: Enhanced delivery of cisplatin to intraperitoneal ovarian carcinomas mediated by the effects of bortezomib on the human copper transporter 1. Clin Cancer Res. 2009 Jan 15;15(2):553-60. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-08-2081. [PubMed:19147760 ]