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Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:49 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:40 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0014587
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB14587
Metabolite Identification
Common NameTeniposide
DescriptionTeniposide, also known as HSDB 6546 or NSC 122819, belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as metalloid oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen is a metalloid. Teniposide is an extremely weak basic (essentially neutral) compound (based on its pKa). teniposide can be converted into teniposide catechol derivative and formaldehyde; which is mediated by the enzymes cytochrome P450 3A4 and cytochrome P450 3A5. A semisynthetic derivative of podophyllotoxin that exhibits antitumor activity. In humans, teniposide is involved in teniposide metabolism pathway. Teniposide is formally rated as a probable carcinogen (by IARC 2A) and is also a potentially toxic compound. Fecal excretion of radioactivity within 72 hours after dosing accounted for 0% to 10% of the dose. Accumulated breaks in DNA prevent cells from entering into the mitotic phase of the cell cycle, and lead to cell death. This complex induces breaks in double stranded DNA and prevents repair by topoisomerase II binding. The cytotoxic effects of teniposide are related to the relative number of double-stranded DNA breaks produced in cells, which are a reflection of the stabilization of a topoisomerase II-DNA intermediate. Teniposide acts primarily in the G2 and S phases of the cycle.
Structure
Data?1582753196
Synonyms
ValueSource
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-beta-D-glucopyranoside)ChEBI
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin-beta-D-thenylidene glucosideChEBI
HSDB 6546ChEBI
NSC 122819ChEBI
NSC-122819ChEBI
TeniposidoChEBI
TeniposidumChEBI
VM-26ChEBI
VumonChEBI
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-b-D-glucopyranoside)Generator
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin 9-(4,6-O-2-thenylidene-β-D-glucopyranoside)Generator
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin-b-D-thenylidene glucosideGenerator
4'-Demethylepipodophyllotoxin-β-D-thenylidene glucosideGenerator
Bristol myers brand OF teniposideHMDB
Bristol myers squibb brand OF teniposideHMDB
Bristol-myers brand OF teniposideHMDB
Bristol-myers squibb brand OF teniposideHMDB
Demethyl epipodophyllotoxin thenylidine glucosideHMDB
Teniposide, (5a alpha,9 alpha(s*))-isomerHMDB
VM 26HMDB
Chemical FormulaC32H32O13S
Average Molecular Weight656.654
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight656.1563618
IUPAC Name(10R,11R,15R,16S)-16-{[(4aR,6R,7R,8R,8aS)-7,8-dihydroxy-2-(thiophen-2-yl)-hexahydro-2H-pyrano[3,2-d][1,3]dioxin-6-yl]oxy}-10-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-4,6,13-trioxatetracyclo[7.7.0.0³,⁷.0¹¹,¹⁵]hexadeca-1,3(7),8-trien-12-one
Traditional Nameteniposide
CAS Registry Number29767-20-2
SMILES
[H][C@]12COC(=O)[C@]1([H])[C@H](C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1)C1=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C1[C@H]2O[C@@H]1O[C@]2([H])COC(O[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C1=CC=CS1
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C32H32O13S/c1-37-19-6-13(7-20(38-2)25(19)33)23-14-8-17-18(42-12-41-17)9-15(14)28(16-10-39-30(36)24(16)23)44-32-27(35)26(34)29-21(43-32)11-40-31(45-29)22-4-3-5-46-22/h3-9,16,21,23-24,26-29,31-35H,10-12H2,1-2H3/t16-,21+,23+,24-,26+,27+,28+,29+,31?,32-/m0/s1
InChI KeyNRUKOCRGYNPUPR-PSZSYXFXSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as metalloid oxides. These are inorganic compounds containing an oxygen atom of an oxidation state of -2, in which the heaviest atom bonded to the oxygen is a metalloid.
KingdomInorganic compounds
Super ClassMixed metal/non-metal compounds
ClassMetalloid organides
Sub ClassMetalloid oxides
Direct ParentMetalloid oxides
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Metalloid oxide
  • Inorganic oxide
  • Inorganic salt
  • Inorganic metalloid salt
Molecular FrameworkNot Available
External Descriptors
Ontology
Physiological effectNot Available
Disposition
Process
RoleNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting PointNot AvailableNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.06 g/LNot Available
LogP1.5Not Available
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.06 g/LALOGPS
logP2.78ALOGPS
logP2.78ChemAxon
logS-4ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)9.33ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-3.7ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count12ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count3ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area160.83 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count6ChemAxon
Refractivity155.61 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability65.8 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings8ChemAxon
BioavailabilityNoChemAxon
Rule of FiveNoChemAxon
Ghose FilterNoChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleYesChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DeepCCS[M-2H]-263.66930932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+237.68830932474
AllCCS[M+H]+241.332859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+240.532859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+242.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+242.232859911
AllCCS[M-H]-226.732859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-228.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-231.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Teniposide[H][C@]12COC(=O)[C@]1([H])[C@H](C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1)C1=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C1[C@H]2O[C@@H]1O[C@]2([H])COC(O[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C1=CC=CS16439.8Standard polar33892256
Teniposide[H][C@]12COC(=O)[C@]1([H])[C@H](C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1)C1=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C1[C@H]2O[C@@H]1O[C@]2([H])COC(O[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C1=CC=CS14983.6Standard non polar33892256
Teniposide[H][C@]12COC(=O)[C@]1([H])[C@H](C1=CC(OC)=C(O)C(OC)=C1)C1=CC3=C(OCO3)C=C1[C@H]2O[C@@H]1O[C@]2([H])COC(O[C@@]2([H])[C@H](O)[C@H]1O)C1=CC=CS15419.7Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Teniposide,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C5152.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,1TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5132.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,1TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5144.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C5040.3Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TMS,isomer #2COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C5067.6Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TMS,isomer #3COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5064.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,3TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C5006.9Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C5346.0Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,1TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5311.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,1TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5322.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3O)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C5396.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TBDMS,isomer #2COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C5426.5Semi standard non polar33892256
Teniposide,2TBDMS,isomer #3COC1=CC([C@@H]2C3=CC4=C(C=C3[C@@H](O[C@@H]3O[C@@H]5COC(C6=CC=CS6)O[C@H]5[C@H](O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3O[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)[C@H]3COC(=O)[C@H]23)OCO4)=CC(OC)=C1O5413.8Semi standard non polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-0a71-5785097000-98bde989946936a415b92017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TMS_3_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_1_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_1_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_1_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_2_1) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_2_2) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS (TBDMS_2_3) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-17Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Teniposide GC-MS ("Teniposide,1TMS,#1" TMS) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-11-02Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zgi-0028609000-2103fbbc9230d944f1902016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-0119500000-822a8a5e0ce6ead997562016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0ue9-2219200000-70925247141bc507a2962016-06-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a5a-0518009000-b551c2cfb3b192aa0c972016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-01ot-1409121000-a632ab719b28e6760ca12016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0532-3009000000-a2fcbe218ec09c0744762016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0kai-0069518000-4ca4220ba0f0b87931d52021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-001i-0029001000-8525d63245524aa711d72021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0f80-0129000000-340326fd8e647fd49e252021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0000009000-60dafc658503bb6aca9e2021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a59-1002019000-4cb4998458f9b7c40d682021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Teniposide 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-001i-9103042000-d52ca9fb9e8848a4e5d72021-09-24Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00444 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB00444 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDNot Available
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID31930
KEGG Compound IDC11153
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkTeniposide
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound34698
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID75988
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Not Available
General ReferencesNot Available

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Responsible for the metabolism of a number of therapeutic agents such as the anticonvulsant drug S-mephenytoin, omeprazole, proguanil, certain barbiturates, diazepam, propranolol, citalopram and imipramine.
Gene Name:
CYP2C19
Uniprot ID:
P33261
Molecular weight:
55944.565
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics.
Gene Name:
CYP3A5
Uniprot ID:
P20815
Molecular weight:
57108.065
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity
Specific function:
Control of topological states of DNA by transient breakage and subsequent rejoining of DNA strands. Topoisomerase II makes double-strand breaks
Gene Name:
TOP2A
Uniprot ID:
P11388
Molecular weight:
174383.9
References
  1. de Lucio B, Manuel V, Barrera-Rodriguez R: Characterization of human NSCLC cell line with innate etoposide-resistance mediated by cytoplasmic localization of topoisomerase II alpha. Cancer Sci. 2005 Nov;96(11):774-83. [PubMed:16271071 ]
  2. Uesaka T, Shono T, Kuga D, Suzuki SO, Niiro H, Miyamoto K, Matsumoto K, Mizoguchi M, Ohta M, Iwaki T, Sasaki T: Enhanced expression of DNA topoisomerase II genes in human medulloblastoma and its possible association with etoposide sensitivity. J Neurooncol. 2007 Sep;84(2):119-29. Epub 2007 Mar 15. [PubMed:17361331 ]
  3. Winnicka K, Bielawski K, Bielawska A: Cardiac glycosides in cancer research and cancer therapy. Acta Pol Pharm. 2006 Mar-Apr;63(2):109-15. [PubMed:17514873 ]
  4. Faure P, Madelaine I: [Topoisomerases: therapeutic value]. Ann Pharm Fr. 1996;54(1):40-4. [PubMed:8702194 ]
  5. Umanskaya ON, Ioudinkova ES, Razin SV, Bystritskiy AA: Inhibition of DNA topoisomerase II in living cells stimulates illegitimate recombination. Dokl Biochem Biophys. 2005 Nov-Dec;405:423-5. [PubMed:16480143 ]
  6. Chen X, Ji ZL, Chen YZ: TTD: Therapeutic Target Database. Nucleic Acids Res. 2002 Jan 1;30(1):412-5. [PubMed:11752352 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
May participate directly in the active transport of drugs into subcellular organelles or influence drug distribution indirectly. Transports glutathione conjugates as leukotriene-c4 (LTC4) and N-ethylmaleimide S-glutathione (NEM-GS)
Gene Name:
ABCC6
Uniprot ID:
O95255
Molecular weight:
164904.8
References
  1. Belinsky MG, Chen ZS, Shchaveleva I, Zeng H, Kruh GD: Characterization of the drug resistance and transport properties of multidrug resistance protein 6 (MRP6, ABCC6). Cancer Res. 2002 Nov 1;62(21):6172-7. [PubMed:12414644 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Xenobiotic transporter that may play an important role in the exclusion of xenobiotics from the brain. May be involved in brain-to-blood efflux. Appears to play a major role in the multidrug resistance phenotype of several cancer cell lines. When overexpressed, the transfected cells become resistant to mitoxantrone, daunorubicin and doxorubicin, display diminished intracellular accumulation of daunorubicin, and manifest an ATP- dependent increase in the efflux of rhodamine 123
Gene Name:
ABCG2
Uniprot ID:
Q9UNQ0
Molecular weight:
72313.5
References
  1. Allen JD, Van Dort SC, Buitelaar M, van Tellingen O, Schinkel AH: Mouse breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp1/Abcg2) mediates etoposide resistance and transport, but etoposide oral availability is limited primarily by P-glycoprotein. Cancer Res. 2003 Mar 15;63(6):1339-44. [PubMed:12649196 ]